JPH0368888A - Optical distance meter - Google Patents

Optical distance meter

Info

Publication number
JPH0368888A
JPH0368888A JP20390089A JP20390089A JPH0368888A JP H0368888 A JPH0368888 A JP H0368888A JP 20390089 A JP20390089 A JP 20390089A JP 20390089 A JP20390089 A JP 20390089A JP H0368888 A JPH0368888 A JP H0368888A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
light
distance measuring
slit
incident
distance meter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP20390089A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Shigeru Kimura
茂 木村
Shuichi Nakamura
修一 中村
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stanley Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Stanley Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stanley Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Stanley Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP20390089A priority Critical patent/JPH0368888A/en
Publication of JPH0368888A publication Critical patent/JPH0368888A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To simplify a constitutional part and to reduce the attenuation of the quantity of distance measuring light due to reflection by providing a diaphragm having a slit and capable of controlling the transmission quantity of distance measuring light according to a rotary position. CONSTITUTION:The contour of a diaphragm 14 consists of a plurality of circular arcs having different radii centering around the rotary shaft of a stepping motor 15 and has a slit 14a whose width is changed in its longitudinal direction. When reflected light (distance measuring light) is perfectly shielded, only reference light having an angle theta with respect to an avalanche photodiode 5 passes through the slit 14a to be incident to the avalanche photodiode 5. At this time, the incident quantity of reference light can be adjusted to an arbitrary value by finely rotating the diaphragm 14 by the stepping motor 15. In this case, since the reflection of distance measuring light due to vapor deposition is only once, the attenuation of the quantity of light due to reflection is reduced and loss is also reduced.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は、光を反射体に投光し、その反射光の光1d
から反射体までのWP離を測定する光波距離計、特に−
眼化方式の光波距離計に関するものである。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention projects light onto a reflector, and the reflected light 1d
A light wave distance meter that measures the WP distance from to a reflector, especially -
This relates to a visual-type optical distance meter.

(従来の技術〕 第4図は従来の一眼化方式の光波距1111;4fの主
要構成を示す図である。図において、1は光源となるL
ED、2は反射体3にコリン・−ト(平行)光を投光す
るためのレンズ、4はLED 1からの光を反射体3ま
での距離を測定するための測距光とLED lの光度を
示す参照光とに分岐するプリズム、5はその測距光と参
照光を受光するアバランシェフォトダイオードで、この
アバランシエフォトダイオード5の出力から反射体3ま
での距離が測定される。6は上記S路光と参照光とを切
換えてプリズム4に導くチョッパで、ステッピングモー
タ7により回転駆動される。8は反射体3で反射した測
距光とプリズム4がらの参照光の光量を調整し、アバラ
ンシェフォトダイオード7に導く濃度フィルタで、ステ
ッピングモータ9により回転駆動される。10.11は
参照光の光路に配置されたコンデンサレンズ及び干渉フ
ィルタ、12.13はLED 1、アバランシ五フォト
ダイオード5に一端面が固定された光ファイバである。
(Prior art) Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the main configuration of a light wave length 1111; 4f of a conventional single-lens system.
ED, 2 is a lens for projecting collimated (parallel) light onto the reflector 3, 4 is a distance measuring light for measuring the distance to the reflector 3 using the light from LED 1, and LED l. The prism 5 branches into a reference light indicating the luminous intensity, and an avalanche photodiode 5 receives the ranging light and the reference light, and the distance from the output of the avalanche photodiode 5 to the reflector 3 is measured. Reference numeral 6 denotes a chopper that switches between the S path light and the reference light and guides the same to the prism 4, and is rotationally driven by a stepping motor 7. Reference numeral 8 denotes a density filter which adjusts the amount of distance measuring light reflected by the reflector 3 and the reference light from the prism 4 and guides it to the avalanche photodiode 7, which is rotationally driven by the stepping motor 9. 10.11 is a condenser lens and an interference filter arranged in the optical path of the reference light, and 12.13 is an optical fiber whose one end face is fixed to the LED 1 and the avalanche photodiode 5.

上記LED 1から出た光は、光フアイバ12を通り、
チョッパ6の回転によって測距光と参照光とに切換えら
れる。このうち測距光は、プリズム4のアルミニウム蒸
着が施された蒸着部で反射され、レンズ2に導かれてコ
リメート光となる。このコリメート化された測距光は、
反射体3で反射され、再びレンズ2を通り、ここで絞ら
れてプリズム4に導かれる。そして、このプリズム4の
蒸着部で反射された後、濃度フィルタ8で光mを調整さ
れて、光フアイバ13からアバランシェフォトダイオー
ド5に入射される。
The light emitted from the LED 1 passes through the optical fiber 12,
The rotation of the chopper 6 switches between the distance measuring light and the reference light. Of these, the distance measuring light is reflected by the aluminum vapor-deposited portion of the prism 4, and is guided to the lens 2 to become collimated light. This collimated ranging light is
It is reflected by the reflector 3 and passes through the lens 2 again, where it is focused and guided to the prism 4. After being reflected by the evaporated portion of the prism 4, the light m is adjusted by the density filter 8 and enters the avalanche photodiode 5 through the optical fiber 13.

−・方、参照光は、コンデンサレンズ10で絞られた後
、プリズム4の無蒸RRを透過し、プリズム4の内面で
全反射して干渉フィルタ11及び濃度フィルタ8に導か
れる。そして、この濃度フィルタ8で光量を調整されて
、光フアイバ13からアバランシェフォトダイオード5
に入射される。
- On the other hand, the reference light is condensed by the condenser lens 10, passes through the vapor-free RR of the prism 4, is totally reflected on the inner surface of the prism 4, and is guided to the interference filter 11 and the density filter 8. The amount of light is adjusted by this density filter 8, and the light is transmitted from the optical fiber 13 to the avalanche photodiode 5.
is incident on the

〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕[Problem to be solved by the invention]

従来の一眼化方式の光波距離計は上記のように構成され
ており、測距光と参照光を切換えるチョッパと光1t3
Ia用の濃度フィルタを個別に設けているので、回転駆
動用のステッピングモータも個別に必要になり、また参
照光を絞るためのコンデンサレンズが必要になり、構成
部品が多く、構成が複雑になるという問題点があった。
A conventional single-lens optical distance meter is configured as described above, and includes a chopper that switches between the distance measurement light and the reference light, and a light 1t3.
Since a concentration filter for Ia is provided separately, a stepping motor for rotational drive is also required, and a condenser lens is also required to narrow down the reference light, making the configuration complicated due to the large number of components. There was a problem.

また、発光部及び受光部に光ファイバを使用しているの
で効率が悪く、プリズムには蒸着面が2面必要となり、
蒸着面での反射が2回あるので光量減衰が多く、損失が
大きいという問題点があった。
In addition, since optical fibers are used for the light emitting part and the light receiving part, the efficiency is low, and the prism requires two evaporated surfaces.
Since there are two reflections on the vapor deposition surface, there is a problem that the amount of light is attenuated and the loss is large.

この発明は、このような問題点に着目してなされたもの
で、構成がN単で、効率が良く、また損失の小さい光波
距離計を得ることを目的としている。
The present invention has been made in view of these problems, and aims to provide a light wave distance meter that has an N-unit configuration, is highly efficient, and has low loss.

〔3題を解決するためのT段〕 この発明の光波距離計は、発光素子と、この発光素子か
ら出て反射体で反射した測距光及び発光素子の光度を示
す参照光を受光する受光素子を備え、この受光素子の出
力から前記反射体までの距離を測定する一眼化方式の光
波距離計において、前記参照光の光路中で回転位置によ
り幅が変化するスリットを有し且つ測距光の透過量を回
転位置により制御可能な絞り板を設け、この絞り板の回
転により受光素子に入射する測距光と参照光の切換え制
御すると共に各々の入射光の光量制御を行うようにした
ものであり、また、上記の発光素子はLEDを使用し、
受光素子にアバランシェフェトダイオードを使用するよ
うにしたものである。
[T stage for solving the three problems] The light wave distance meter of the present invention includes a light emitting element, a light receiving element that receives distance measuring light emitted from the light emitting element and reflected by a reflector, and a reference light indicating the luminous intensity of the light emitting element. A single-lens optical distance meter that measures the distance from the output of the light-receiving element to the reflector, which has a slit whose width changes depending on the rotational position in the optical path of the reference light, and a distance measuring light. A diaphragm plate is provided whose transmission amount can be controlled by the rotational position, and the rotation of this diaphragm plate controls the switching between the distance measuring light and the reference light incident on the light receiving element, and also controls the light amount of each incident light. and the above light emitting element uses an LED,
An avalanche fetish diode is used as a light receiving element.

〔作用〕[Effect]

この発明の光波距離計においては、参照光の光路中で同
転位置により幅が変化するスリットを有し凡っ測距光の
透過量を回転位置により制御可能な絞り板が設けられて
おり、この絞り板によって測距光と参照光の切換えと受
光素子に対する各々の入射先回の調整が行われる。
The optical distance meter of the present invention is provided with a diaphragm plate that has a slit whose width changes depending on the rotational position in the optical path of the reference light, and can control the amount of transmission of the distance measuring light depending on the rotational position. This diaphragm plate switches between the distance measuring light and the reference light and adjusts the input of each light onto the light receiving element.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

第1図はこの発明の一実施例による一眼化方式の光波距
離計の要部を示す構成図であり、第4図と同一符号は同
一構成部分を示している。図において、1は発光素子で
あるLED、2は集光用のレンズ、3は反射体、4は1
面にのみ蒸着部を有するプリズム、5は受光素子である
アバランシェフォトダイオードで、LEDIから出て反
射体3で反射した測距光及びLED 1の光度を示す参
照光を受光する。14はステッピングモータ15により
回転駆動される絞り板で、参照光の光路中で回転位置に
より幅が変化するスリットを有し且つ測距光の透過量を
その回転位置により制御可能となっている。そして、こ
の絞り板14の回転Cよりアバランシェフォトダイオー
ド5に入射する測距光と参照光の切換えが制御されると
共に、各々の入射光の光量制御が行われる。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the main parts of a single-lens optical distance meter according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the same reference numerals as in FIG. 4 indicate the same components. In the figure, 1 is an LED which is a light emitting element, 2 is a condensing lens, 3 is a reflector, and 4 is 1
The prism has a vapor-deposited portion only on its surface, and 5 is an avalanche photodiode as a light receiving element, which receives the ranging light emitted from the LEDI and reflected by the reflector 3 and the reference light indicating the luminous intensity of the LED 1. Reference numeral 14 denotes an aperture plate rotationally driven by a stepping motor 15, which has a slit whose width changes depending on the rotational position in the optical path of the reference light, and allows the amount of distance measurement light transmitted through the plate to be controlled by the rotational position. The rotation C of the diaphragm plate 14 controls the switching between the ranging light and the reference light incident on the avalanche photodiode 5, and also controls the amount of each incident light.

上記LED 1から出た光の一部は測距光となり、レン
ズ2によってコリメート化され、例えば距ail (m
)離れた位置に置かれた反射体3C投光される。この反
射体3で反射された測距光は、再びレンズ2に入り、そ
の入射した光の半分だけがプリズム4の蒸着面で反射さ
れ、絞り板14で光量調整された後、アバランシェフォ
トダイオード5へ集光される。
A part of the light emitted from the LED 1 becomes distance measuring light and is collimated by the lens 2, for example, the distance ail (m
) Light is projected from a reflector 3C placed at a remote location. The distance measuring light reflected by this reflector 3 enters the lens 2 again, only half of the incident light is reflected by the vapor deposited surface of the prism 4, and after adjusting the light amount by the diaphragm plate 14, the avalanche photodiode 5 The light is focused on.

また、LED 1から出た光のうち、第1図に示す90
°−θの角度を持った光のみが参照光となり、絞り板1
4に設けたスリットを通過する。このスリットで光量調
整された参照光は、アバランシェフォトダイオード5に
対しθだけ角度を持って該アバランシェフォトダイオー
ド5に入射する。
Also, of the light emitted from LED 1, 90% of the light emitted from LED 1 is
Only the light with the angle of °-θ becomes the reference light, and the aperture plate 1
It passes through the slit provided in 4. The reference light whose light intensity is adjusted by this slit enters the avalanche photodiode 5 at an angle of θ with respect to the avalanche photodiode 5.

そして、上記アバランシェフェトダイオード5に入射さ
れた測距光と参照光は、ここで各々の入射光量に応じた
電気信号に変換され、これらの測距信号と参照信号に基
づいて反射体3までの距ail (m)が測定される。
The distance measuring light and the reference light incident on the avalanche diode 5 are converted into electric signals according to the amount of each incident light. A distance ail (m) is measured.

次に、上述した絞り板14の働きについて詳細に説明す
る。第2図に絞り板14の形状を示す。
Next, the function of the aperture plate 14 mentioned above will be explained in detail. FIG. 2 shows the shape of the aperture plate 14.

この絞り板14の輪郭は、ステッピングモータ15の回
転軸を中心にした半径の異なる複数の円弧からなり、ま
た上述した長子方向に幅が変化するスリット14a?有
している。円gAACは一定の半径R8を持つが、点C
,D、Eを結ぶ弧の半径は一定ではなく、半径R6から
Ri(Ro>R1)まで連続的に減少している。そして
、点B、Dを結ぶ弧の範囲内に上記スリット14aが設
けられている。
The outline of this diaphragm plate 14 consists of a plurality of circular arcs with different radii centered around the rotating shaft of the stepping motor 15, and the slit 14a whose width changes in the longitudinal direction mentioned above. have. The circle gAAC has a constant radius R8, but the point C
, D, and E is not constant, but continuously decreases from radius R6 to Ri (Ro>R1). The slit 14a is provided within the arc connecting points B and D.

第3図は絞り板14のステッピングモータ15の制御に
よる回転位置とアバランシェフォトダイオード5の位置
の代表的な位置関係を示したもでのある。第3図(a)
はアバランシェフォトダイオート5が絞り板14の影響
を全く受けないで反射体3からの反射光を100%受光
している状態を示し、第3図(b)はアバランシェフォ
トダイオード5が絞り板14で少し隠されて反射体3か
らの反射光を数%〜数十%受光している状態、第3図(
C)はアバランシェフォトダイオード5か絞り板14で
完全に隠されて反射体3からの反射光を全く受光してい
ない状態を示している。そして、第3図(c)の反射光
(?!l距光路光完全に遮光された状態の時に、上述の
アバランシェフォトダイオード5に対してθだけの角度
を持った参照光のみがスリット14aを通ってアバラン
シェフォトダイオード5に入射される。この時、参照光
の入射光量は、絞り板14をステッピングモータ15に
より微少に回転させることによって、任意の値に調整す
ることが可能である。
FIG. 3 shows a typical positional relationship between the rotational position of the aperture plate 14 controlled by the stepping motor 15 and the position of the avalanche photodiode 5. Figure 3(a)
3(b) shows a state in which the avalanche photodiode 5 receives 100% of the reflected light from the reflector 3 without being affected by the aperture plate 14. FIG. Figure 3 (
C) shows a state where it is completely hidden by the avalanche photodiode 5 or the diaphragm plate 14 and does not receive any reflected light from the reflector 3. When the reflected light (?l distance optical path light) in FIG. 3(c) is completely blocked, only the reference light having an angle of θ with respect to the avalanche photodiode 5 passes through the slit 14a. and enters the avalanche photodiode 5. At this time, the amount of incident reference light can be adjusted to an arbitrary value by slightly rotating the diaphragm plate 14 with the stepping motor 15.

すなわち、第3図(a)、(b)は測距時の状態、第3
図(C)は参照時の状態をそれぞれ示している。
In other words, Figs. 3(a) and 3(b) show the state during distance measurement;
Figure (C) shows the state at the time of reference.

このように、第3図(a)、(b)、(c)の各状態を
祿り返すことにより、測距光と参照光の切換えと各々の
光量の調整を行うことができる。
In this way, by reversing each of the states shown in FIGS. 3(a), (b), and (c), it is possible to switch between the ranging light and the reference light and adjust the amount of each light.

従って、測距光と参照光の切換え及び光量調整を行うた
めにチジッパ、濃度フィルタを個別に設けらる必要はな
く、ステッピングモータも1個で済み、参照光を絞るた
めの集光レンズも不要になるので、構成部品が少なくな
り、構成が簡単になる。また、プリズムも蒸着面が1面
のみでよく、測距光の蒸着での反射が1回だけなので反
射による光量減衰が少なく、損失が小さくなる。さらに
、光ファイバが不要になるので、効率がよいものとなる
Therefore, there is no need to provide a separate imager or density filter to switch between the distance measurement light and reference light and adjust the light intensity, only one stepping motor is required, and there is no need for a condenser lens to narrow down the reference light. This reduces the number of components and simplifies the configuration. Furthermore, since the prism only needs to have one vapor deposition surface, and the distance measuring light is reflected only once during vapor deposition, there is less attenuation of the amount of light due to reflection and loss is reduced. Furthermore, since no optical fiber is required, efficiency is improved.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上のように、この発明によれば、参照光の光路中で回
転位置により齢が変化するスリットを有し且つ測距光の
透過量を回転位置により制御可能な絞り板を設け、この
絞り板によって測距光と参照光の切換えと受光素子に対
する各々の入射光量の制御を行うようにしたため、構成
部品が少なく、構成が簡単になり、反射による測距光の
光量減衰も少なく、損失が小さくなるという効果があり
、また光ファイバが不要であるので効率がよいという効
果がある。
As described above, according to the present invention, a diaphragm plate is provided which has a slit whose age changes depending on the rotational position in the optical path of the reference light and which can control the amount of transmission of the ranging light by the rotational position. Switching between the distance measuring light and the reference light and controlling the amount of each light incident on the light receiving element are performed by using the 3-axis switch, which simplifies the configuration with fewer components and reduces light loss due to less attenuation of the distance measuring light due to reflection. This has the effect of increasing efficiency, and since no optical fiber is required, the efficiency is high.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図はこの発明の一実施例を示す構成図、第2図は第
1図の絞り板の形状を示す平面図、第3図(a)、(b
)、(c)は第1図の絞り板とアバランシェフォトダイ
オードの位置関係を示す説明図、第4図は従来の光波距
離計を示す構成図である。 1・・・・・・LED (発光素子) 2・・・・・・レンズ 3・・・・・・反射体 4・・・・・・プリズム t4・・・・・・絞り板 14a・・・・・・スリット 15・・・・・・スデッピングモータ
Fig. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the shape of the diaphragm plate in Fig. 1, and Figs. 3(a) and (b).
) and (c) are explanatory diagrams showing the positional relationship between the diaphragm plate and the avalanche photodiode in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional optical distance meter. 1... LED (light emitting element) 2... Lens 3... Reflector 4... Prism t4... Diaphragm plate 14a... ... Slit 15 ... Stepping motor

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)発光素子と、この発光素子から出て反射体で反射
した測距光及び発光素子の光度を示す参照光を受光する
受光素子を備え、この受光素子の出力から前記反射体ま
での距離を測定する一眼化方式の光波距離計において、
前記参照光の光路中で回転位置により幅が変化するスリ
ットを有し且つ測距光の透過量を回転位置により制御可
能な絞り板を設け、この絞り板の回転により受光素子に
入射する測距光と参照光の切換え制御すると共に各々の
入射光の光量制御を行うことを特徴とする光波距離計。
(1) A light-emitting element, a light-receiving element that receives ranging light emitted from the light-emitting element and reflected by a reflector, and a reference light indicating the luminous intensity of the light-emitting element, and the distance from the output of the light-receiving element to the reflector. In a single-lens optical distance meter that measures
A diaphragm plate is provided which has a slit whose width changes depending on the rotational position in the optical path of the reference light and can control the amount of distance measurement light transmitted by the rotational position, and the distance measurement beam is incident on the light receiving element by rotation of the diaphragm plate. A light wave distance meter characterized by controlling switching between a light and a reference light and controlling the amount of each incident light.
(2)前記参照光は、絞り板のスリットを通り、発光素
子より直接受光素子に入射することを特徴とする請求項
1記載の光波距離計。
(2) The optical distance meter according to claim 1, wherein the reference light passes through a slit in the aperture plate and is directly incident on the light receiving element from the light emitting element.
(3)前記発光素子はLEDであることを特徴とする請
求項1または2記載の光波距離計。
(3) The light wave distance meter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light emitting element is an LED.
(4)前記受光素子はアバランシェフォトダイオードで
あることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3何れか記載の光
波距離計。
(4) The optical distance meter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the light receiving element is an avalanche photodiode.
JP20390089A 1989-08-08 1989-08-08 Optical distance meter Pending JPH0368888A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20390089A JPH0368888A (en) 1989-08-08 1989-08-08 Optical distance meter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP20390089A JPH0368888A (en) 1989-08-08 1989-08-08 Optical distance meter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0368888A true JPH0368888A (en) 1991-03-25

Family

ID=16481574

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP20390089A Pending JPH0368888A (en) 1989-08-08 1989-08-08 Optical distance meter

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0368888A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08292258A (en) * 1995-04-21 1996-11-05 Nikon Corp Distance measuring equipment
JP2015203619A (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-11-16 リコー光学株式会社 Laser distance metering device
JP2017015730A (en) * 2016-09-20 2017-01-19 株式会社トプコン Light wave distance meter

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08292258A (en) * 1995-04-21 1996-11-05 Nikon Corp Distance measuring equipment
JP2015203619A (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-11-16 リコー光学株式会社 Laser distance metering device
JP2017015730A (en) * 2016-09-20 2017-01-19 株式会社トプコン Light wave distance meter

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