JPH03505992A - 下降流反応器のための分散系 - Google Patents
下降流反応器のための分散系Info
- Publication number
- JPH03505992A JPH03505992A JP1503636A JP50363689A JPH03505992A JP H03505992 A JPH03505992 A JP H03505992A JP 1503636 A JP1503636 A JP 1503636A JP 50363689 A JP50363689 A JP 50363689A JP H03505992 A JPH03505992 A JP H03505992A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- gas
- tray
- distributor
- mixing chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
- B01J8/0449—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds
- B01J8/0453—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0492—Feeding reactive fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/002—Apparatus for fixed bed hydrotreatment processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S203/00—Distillation: processes, separatory
- Y10S203/06—Reactor-distillation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 1.(i)気体および液体を受ける収集トレイ、(ii)気体および液体の下降 通過のための第1の放出路を有する収集トレイの下側の混合チャンバー、 (iii)収集トレイの上側から混合チャンバー内への気体および液体の流路を 提供する収集トレイ放出路、 (iv)液体の下降流のための開口、および第1の分散器トレイの上側に突き出 ている頂部開放管を有してなり第1の分散器トレイの下側の開放管の下方端部に 下方端部の周囲に気体出口を提供するような開口プレートを有してなる気体の下 降流のための煙突を有する、混合チャンバーの底部の第1の分散器トレイ、およ び(v)その側部に液体が入る開口を有する直立頂部開放管を有してなる液体お よび気体の下降流のための管状降下管を有する第2の分散器トレイ を含んでなる、下降流反応器を通して気体および液体を分散させる分散器系。
- 2.収集トレイの上側に気体を射出する手段を有する請求項1記載の分散器系。
- 3.収集トレイ放出路が、収集トレイの上側に突き出ており収集トレイの上側の 気体および液体をトレイを通過させて収集トレイの下側の混合チャンバーに送る ための入口を定める直立流通導管を有する請求項1記載の分散器系。
- 4.混合チャンバーが環状混合チャンバーからなり、第1の放出路がその中心に 設けられている請求項3記載の分散器系。
- 5.混合チャンバー内の液体を渦巻き状に動かすために混合チャンバーに接する ような射出が行われるように収集トレイ放出路の出口が配されている請求項4記 載の分散器系。
- 6.第2の分散器トレイの降下管が、下降液体をそらせて管に入ることを防止す るために開放頂部上にパッフルを有する頂部開放管からなる請求項1記載の分散 器系。
- 7.降下管の頂部開放管の側部の開口が円形である請求項1記載の分散器系。
- 8.円形開口の最上部が第2の分散器トレイ上の液体の操作高さより低い位置に 配されている請求項7記載の分散器系。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/069,545 US4836989A (en) | 1987-07-02 | 1987-07-02 | Distribution system for downflow reactors |
PCT/US1989/002184 WO1990014154A1 (en) | 1987-07-02 | 1989-05-18 | Distribution system for downflow reactors |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH03505992A true JPH03505992A (ja) | 1991-12-26 |
JP2859670B2 JP2859670B2 (ja) | 1999-02-17 |
Family
ID=42235786
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP1503636A Expired - Lifetime JP2859670B2 (ja) | 1987-07-02 | 1989-05-18 | 下降流反応器のための分散系 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4836989A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0427733B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2859670B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR970006666B1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU617194B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE68902832T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1990014154A1 (ja) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001347158A (ja) * | 2000-04-17 | 2001-12-18 | Inst Fr Petrole | 多孔性噴流擾乱要素を備えた多相混合物の粒状固体床上への分配装置 |
JP2004216372A (ja) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-08-05 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co | バッフルを有する改良された多相混合装置 |
JP2004237283A (ja) * | 2003-02-05 | 2004-08-26 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co | 多段ガス導入を伴う改良された多相混合装置 |
JP2004337854A (ja) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co | 改良クエンチ注入を用いる多相混合装置 |
JP2004337853A (ja) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co | 回転流を誘導するための改良クエンチ注入を有する多相混合装置 |
JP2008520427A (ja) * | 2004-11-19 | 2008-06-19 | ユーオーピー エルエルシー | 流体分配装置 |
JP2008532755A (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2008-08-21 | アンスティテュ フランセ デュ ペトロール | 粒子充填層から上流でガスおよび液体を混合および分配するための装置 |
JP2022520379A (ja) * | 2019-02-07 | 2022-03-30 | ユーオーピー エルエルシー | 低減された高さを有する水素化処理反応器内部 |
Families Citing this family (74)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4836989A (en) * | 1987-07-02 | 1989-06-06 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Distribution system for downflow reactors |
US5013407A (en) * | 1988-03-08 | 1991-05-07 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Apparatus for reactive distillation |
US5026459A (en) * | 1988-03-21 | 1991-06-25 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Apparatus for reactive distillation |
US4960571A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1990-10-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Quench assembly design |
US5152967A (en) * | 1988-12-14 | 1992-10-06 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Interzone mixing device |
US5013491A (en) * | 1989-06-09 | 1991-05-07 | Nutter Dale E | Apparatus for distributing liquid in gas-liquid contact apparatus, and method for making it |
US5454913A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1995-10-03 | Koch Engineering Company, Inc. | Internals for distillation columns including those for use in catalytic reactions |
US5447609A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1995-09-05 | Koch Engineering Company, Inc. | Catalytic reaction and mass transfer process |
US5948211A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1999-09-07 | Koch-Glitsch, Inc. | Distillation column downcomer having liquid permeable wall |
US5593548A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1997-01-14 | Koch Engineering Company, Inc. | Method for concurrent reaction with distillation |
US5855741A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1999-01-05 | Koch Engineering Company, Inc. | Apparatus for concurrent reaction with distillation |
US5025831A (en) * | 1990-08-24 | 1991-06-25 | Exxon Research & Engineering Company | Compact radial flow distributor |
US5158714A (en) * | 1991-05-30 | 1992-10-27 | Union Oil Company Of California | Vapor-liquid distribution method and apparatus |
US5584996A (en) * | 1992-05-19 | 1996-12-17 | Envirex Inc. | Apparatus and method for distributing liquid containing evolvable glass into a fluidized bed of a reactor |
US5298226A (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1994-03-29 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Perforated plate fluid distributor and its associated fixed bed vessel |
US5484578A (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1996-01-16 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Two-phase distributor system for downflow reactors |
US5635145A (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 1997-06-03 | Shell Oil Company | Multi-bed downflow reactor |
EP0716881B1 (en) | 1994-08-23 | 1998-06-03 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Distributor device for multiple-bed downflow reactors |
US5690896A (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1997-11-25 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Distributor assembly for multi-bed down-flow catalytic reactors |
US6699443B1 (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 2004-03-02 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Liquid distributor with cleaning mechanism |
US5688445A (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1997-11-18 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Distributor means and method |
FR2745202B1 (fr) * | 1996-02-27 | 1998-04-30 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Plateau pour distribuer un melange polyphasique a travers un lit catalytique |
US5989502A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1999-11-23 | Fluor Corporation | Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus |
US5837208A (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1998-11-17 | Uop | Hydroprocessing reactor mixer/distributor |
ES2251010T5 (es) * | 1996-12-19 | 2011-04-26 | Haldor Topsoe A/S | Dispositivo de distribución de dos fases de corriente descendente. |
US6045762A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 2000-04-04 | Governors Of The University Of Alberta | Apparatus for catalytic distillation |
US5935389A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 1999-08-10 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Liquid distributor tray |
US5904907A (en) * | 1997-11-03 | 1999-05-18 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Mixing system for mixing and distributing fluids in a reactor |
US5935413A (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-08-10 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Interbed gas-liquid mixing system for cocurrent downflow reactors |
US6183702B1 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2001-02-06 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Fluid distributor assembly for a multi-bed, downflow catalytic reactor |
FR2794666B1 (fr) * | 1999-06-09 | 2001-08-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Element de mat ayant une fonction de distribution |
US6250611B1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 2001-06-26 | Sulzer Chemtech Usa, Inc. | Vapor-liquid contact apparatus |
EP1341875B1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2004-08-11 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Multiple bed downflow reactor |
US7112312B2 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2006-09-26 | Tai-Sheng Chou | Quench box for a multi-bed, mixed-phase cocurrent downflow fixed-bed reactor |
FR2824495B1 (fr) * | 2001-05-09 | 2005-03-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Enceinte reactionnelle de forme allongee le long d'un axe contenant au moins un lit de catalyseur solide et au moins une boite de contact, de melange et de trempe |
FR2826594B1 (fr) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-09-26 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Boite de contact, de melange et de trempe de fluides comportant au moins une sortie annulaire peripherique et enceinte reactionnelle de forme allongee le long d'un axe comprenant ladite boite |
US6617871B2 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-09-09 | Rambus Inc. | Methods and apparatus for bi-directional signaling |
FR2832075B1 (fr) * | 2001-11-09 | 2005-02-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Dispositif de distribution d'un melange polyphasique sur un lit de solide granulaire comportant un element brise jet poreux a rebords |
US7276215B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2007-10-02 | Morten Muller Ltd. Aps | Mixing device for two-phase concurrent vessels |
CN100434155C (zh) * | 2003-08-18 | 2008-11-19 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 分配装置 |
CN100548460C (zh) * | 2005-02-25 | 2009-10-14 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | 用于反应器容器内部构件的支承*** |
ATE385202T1 (de) * | 2005-05-13 | 2008-02-15 | Haldor Topsoe As | Verteilervorrichtung für abwärtsfliessende reaktoren mit mindesten einer unterteilten schornsteinkammer |
US7523923B2 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2009-04-28 | Shell Oil Company | Fluid distribution tray and method for the distribution of a highly dispersed fluid across a bed of contact material |
US9011790B2 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2015-04-21 | Basf Se | Reactor for performing a three-phase reaction of a fluid and a gaseous phase on a packed bed catalyst |
US20100163400A1 (en) * | 2007-07-16 | 2010-07-01 | William Brian Earl | Method of distillation and/or a distillation column |
ES2487503T3 (es) * | 2008-01-09 | 2014-08-21 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Dispositivo de distribución de vapor-líquido |
US8205863B2 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2012-06-26 | Uop Llc | Distributor for a gas-liquid contacting vessel |
US8177198B2 (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2012-05-15 | Uop Llc | Quench zone design using spray nozzles |
US7901641B2 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2011-03-08 | Uop Llc | Sprayer for at least one fluid |
US8211375B2 (en) * | 2009-10-07 | 2012-07-03 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Flow distribution device for downflow catalytic reactors |
FR2952835B1 (fr) | 2009-11-20 | 2011-12-09 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Dispositif compact de melange de fluides dans un reacteur a ecoulement descendant |
FR2964327B1 (fr) * | 2010-09-03 | 2012-09-28 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Dispositif de distribution d'un melange polyphasique comportant un plateau brise-jet perfore avec differents types de trous |
US8673246B2 (en) | 2011-03-23 | 2014-03-18 | Uop Llc | Process for contacting one or more fluids and a reactor relating thereto |
US8323591B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-12-04 | Uop Llc | Method of fabricating a mixing chamber and a reactor relating thereto |
EA034637B1 (ru) | 2013-02-19 | 2020-03-02 | Мортен Мюллер Лтд. Апс | Смешивающее устройство с тангенциальными впусками для емкостей с двухфазным потоком |
US9566559B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2017-02-14 | Uop Llc | Fluid distribution device and method for multibed reactors |
CN105358245B (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2017-09-12 | 环球油品公司 | 用于多床层反应器的流体分配装置和方法 |
US9295959B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-03-29 | Uop Llc | Fluid distribution device and method for multibed reactors |
WO2014210276A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Uop Llc | Fluid mixing and distribution device and method for multibed reactors |
US9321023B2 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-04-26 | Uop Llc | Fluid mixing and distribution device and method for multibed reactors |
US9321022B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2016-04-26 | Uop Llc | Fluid mixing and distribution device and method for multibed reactors |
US9211516B2 (en) | 2013-06-28 | 2015-12-15 | Uop Llc | Fluid distribution device for multibed reactors |
KR101606879B1 (ko) | 2013-10-17 | 2016-03-28 | 지에스건설 주식회사 | 분산기용 침니, 및 이를 포함하는 분산기 및 수첨 반응기 |
KR101606873B1 (ko) | 2013-10-17 | 2016-03-28 | 지에스건설 주식회사 | 믹싱 챔버용 디플렉터, 및 이를 포함하는 믹싱 챔버 및 수첨 반응기 |
US10828616B2 (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2020-11-10 | Uop Llc | Methods and apparatus for fluid contacting in a downflow vessel |
US10556212B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2020-02-11 | Uop Llc | Scale collection device for downflow reactors |
US11298669B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2022-04-12 | Uop Llc | Scale collection device for downflow reactors |
US11224849B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2022-01-18 | Uop Llc | Scale collection device for downflow reactors |
US10537866B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2020-01-21 | Uop Llc | Scale collection device for downflow reactors |
US10576439B2 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-03-03 | Uop Llc | Scale collection device for downflow reactors |
US10549249B2 (en) | 2017-12-21 | 2020-02-04 | Uop Llc | Scale collection device for downflow reactors |
SA118400251B1 (ar) * | 2018-02-23 | 2021-12-06 | انديان اويل كوربوريشن ليمتد | توزيع مُحسّن لخليط مائع متعدد الأطوار |
CN109200952B (zh) * | 2018-11-15 | 2021-04-27 | 中石化炼化工程(集团)股份有限公司 | 一种气液混合组件及用于反应器的催化剂床层结构 |
US11298670B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2022-04-12 | Uop Llc | Compact quench zone reactor internals |
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-
1987
- 1987-07-02 US US07/069,545 patent/US4836989A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-05-18 EP EP89906552A patent/EP0427733B1/en not_active Expired
- 1989-05-18 JP JP1503636A patent/JP2859670B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-18 AU AU37382/89A patent/AU617194B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-05-18 WO PCT/US1989/002184 patent/WO1990014154A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-05-18 KR KR1019910700066A patent/KR970006666B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-18 DE DE8989906552T patent/DE68902832T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001347158A (ja) * | 2000-04-17 | 2001-12-18 | Inst Fr Petrole | 多孔性噴流擾乱要素を備えた多相混合物の粒状固体床上への分配装置 |
JP2004216372A (ja) * | 2003-01-13 | 2004-08-05 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co | バッフルを有する改良された多相混合装置 |
JP4524115B2 (ja) * | 2003-01-13 | 2010-08-11 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニー | バッフルを有する改良された多相混合システム |
JP2004237283A (ja) * | 2003-02-05 | 2004-08-26 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co | 多段ガス導入を伴う改良された多相混合装置 |
JP2004337854A (ja) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co | 改良クエンチ注入を用いる多相混合装置 |
JP2004337853A (ja) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Co | 回転流を誘導するための改良クエンチ注入を有する多相混合装置 |
JP2008520427A (ja) * | 2004-11-19 | 2008-06-19 | ユーオーピー エルエルシー | 流体分配装置 |
JP2008532755A (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2008-08-21 | アンスティテュ フランセ デュ ペトロール | 粒子充填層から上流でガスおよび液体を混合および分配するための装置 |
JP2022520379A (ja) * | 2019-02-07 | 2022-03-30 | ユーオーピー エルエルシー | 低減された高さを有する水素化処理反応器内部 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU617194B2 (en) | 1991-11-21 |
KR920700759A (ko) | 1992-08-10 |
AU3738289A (en) | 1990-12-18 |
EP0427733B1 (en) | 1992-09-09 |
KR970006666B1 (ko) | 1997-04-29 |
WO1990014154A1 (en) | 1990-11-29 |
DE68902832T2 (de) | 1993-04-15 |
JP2859670B2 (ja) | 1999-02-17 |
EP0427733A1 (en) | 1991-05-22 |
DE68902832D1 (de) | 1992-10-15 |
US4836989A (en) | 1989-06-06 |
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