JPH03294805A - Optical fiber branching/coupling device - Google Patents

Optical fiber branching/coupling device

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Publication number
JPH03294805A
JPH03294805A JP9818690A JP9818690A JPH03294805A JP H03294805 A JPH03294805 A JP H03294805A JP 9818690 A JP9818690 A JP 9818690A JP 9818690 A JP9818690 A JP 9818690A JP H03294805 A JPH03294805 A JP H03294805A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
cores
optical fiber
refractive index
coupling
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP9818690A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2931914B2 (en
Inventor
Michitaka Okuda
通孝 奥田
Akira Kashiwazaki
昭 柏崎
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Kyocera Corp
Original Assignee
Kyocera Corp
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Publication of JPH03294805A publication Critical patent/JPH03294805A/en
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Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain this optical fiber branching/coupling device whose coupling rate has small wavelength dependency by using cores which are in the same shape and have the same refractive index and arranging them in contact with or closely to each other in a specific-distance linear shape. CONSTITUTION:The cores 1 and 2 of a single-mode optical fiber which are equal in core diameter and refractive index are arranged having their outer edges straight at a specific distance in contact with or closely to each other, and their outer peripheries are surrounded with a clad 3. Thus, the cores 1 and 2 which are in the same shape and equal in refractive index are put closely (in direct contact if possible) to each other and distribution coupling reduces the wavelength dependency of their coupling rates even when the core diameters are equal to each other. Further, the cores which are in the same and equal in refractive index are only coupled directly, so adjustments of respective components when the optical fiber branching/coupling device is manufactured are easily made and the effect can be displayed with good reproducibility.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、光伝送路や光計測等の分野で使用される光フ
ァイバー分岐結合器に関し、特に波長依存性が小ひい光
ファイバー分岐結合器に関するものであ払。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an optical fiber splitter/coupler used in fields such as optical transmission lines and optical measurement, and particularly relates to an optical fiber splitter/coupler with small wavelength dependence. Pay in cash.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

従来、光伝送路や光計測等の分野で使用きれる光ファイ
バーにおいては、ひとつの光伝送路を伝播する光信号を
2つの光伝送路に分岐したり、或いは2つの光伝送路を
伝播する光゛信号を1つの光伝送路に結合したりするた
めに、光ファイバー分岐結合器(光ファイバーカップラ
ー)が使用されている。
Conventionally, in optical fibers that can be used in fields such as optical transmission lines and optical measurement, optical signals propagating on one optical transmission line can be branched into two optical transmission lines, or optical fibers propagating on two optical transmission lines can be separated. Optical fiber couplers are used to couple signals into one optical transmission line.

この種の光ファイバー分岐結合器の中には、2本のシン
グルモード光ファイバーの被覆を剥がし、コアとクラッ
ドのみとし、これらを所定距離だけ平行に密着許せ、該
密着させた部分の中央部を加熱し、その位置で両ファイ
バーを融着し、きらに該融着部分を延伸許せてテーパー
状に細径化し、これによって両者間で相互に光信号が漏
洩するように構成したものがある。
In this type of optical fiber splitter, two single-mode optical fibers are stripped of their coatings, leaving only the core and cladding, and the core and cladding are placed in close contact with each other in parallel for a predetermined distance. There is a structure in which the two fibers are fused at that position, and the fused portion is allowed to stretch to reduce the diameter in a tapered shape, thereby allowing optical signals to mutually leak between the two fibers.

この種の光ファイバー分岐結合器は、光ファイバー同士
の結合が容易であるため、光ファイバーを使用する各種
の装置に利用されている。
This type of optical fiber branching coupler is used in various devices that use optical fibers because it is easy to couple optical fibers together.

ところでこの種の光ファイバー分岐結合器において、同
一のコア径を有するンングルモードファイバー同士を結
合した場合は、その結合率に波長依存性が生じる。
By the way, in this type of optical fiber branching coupler, when ngle mode fibers having the same core diameter are coupled together, the coupling rate becomes wavelength dependent.

そして結合率に波長依存性があると、波長の異なる光を
同程度の分岐比で分岐したいような場合、その使用時の
波長変動により分岐比も変動するため、その適用が難し
い。
If the coupling rate has wavelength dependence, it is difficult to apply this method when it is desired to split light having different wavelengths at the same branching ratio because the branching ratio will also vary depending on the wavelength fluctuation during use.

このため従来波長の異なる光を同程度め分岐比で分岐し
たい場合は、結合率に波長依存性の少ない光ファイバー
分岐結合器が使用きれる。
For this reason, conventionally, when it is desired to branch lights with different wavelengths at a similar branching ratio, an optical fiber branching/coupling device whose coupling rate is less dependent on wavelength can be used.

第4図は結合率に波長依存性の少ない広帯域型の従来の
光ファイバー分岐結合器を示す図であり、同図(a)は
その要部側断面図、同図(b)はその縦断面図である。
Figure 4 is a diagram showing a conventional broadband optical fiber branching coupler whose coupling rate is less dependent on wavelength. Figure 4 (a) is a side sectional view of the main part, and Figure 4 (b) is its longitudinal sectional view. It is.

同図に示すように、この従来の光ファイバー分岐結合器
は、結合する部分の2本の光ファイバー8.9の各コア
81.91の径2al、2a2を変えて構成している。
As shown in the figure, this conventional optical fiber branching coupler is constructed by changing the diameters 2al and 2a2 of each core 81.91 of the two optical fibers 8.9 in the coupling portion.

このように結合部のコア径を異ならすように構成すれば
、非対称導波路の不完全結合となるため、結合率の波長
依存性を小さくすることができる(参考文献: D、 
B、 Morttimore、 Electronic
s Letters、 Vol、 21. pp 74
2−743.1985 ) −なおこの光ファイバー分
岐結合器を製造するには、まず2本の同一コア径の光フ
ァイバーを用意し、一方の光ファイバー9を加熱・延伸
し、これに延伸していないもう一方の光ファイバー8を
加熱・溶融して結合し、これらを延伸することによって
行なう。
If the core diameters of the coupling parts are configured to be different in this way, the asymmetric waveguide will be incompletely coupled, and the wavelength dependence of the coupling rate can be reduced (References: D,
B. Morttimore, Electronic
s Letters, Vol, 21. pp 74
2-743.1985) - In order to manufacture this optical fiber branching coupler, first prepare two optical fibers with the same core diameter, heat and stretch one optical fiber 9, and add the other unstretched optical fiber to this. This is carried out by heating and melting the optical fibers 8 of 1 and 2 and drawing them.

〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕[Problem to be solved by the invention]

ところでLANやCATV等の光システムを構築するた
めには、多数個の光ファイバー分岐結合器が必要である
が、この多数個の光ファイバー分岐結合器として上記従
来の構造のものを用いた場合は、その接続作業が繁雑と
なるばかりか、同等な比率で光ファイバーの径を異なら
せたり同等な性能としたりすることは困難であり、その
生産性が極めて悪いという問題点があった。
By the way, in order to construct an optical system such as LAN or CATV, a large number of optical fiber branching couplers are required, but if the conventional structure described above is used as this large number of optical fiber branching couplers, Not only does the connection work become complicated, but it is also difficult to vary the diameter of the optical fibers at the same ratio or achieve the same performance, resulting in an extremely low productivity.

本発明は上述の点に鑑みてなきれたものであり、その目
的とするところは、結合率の波長依存性が小きい光ファ
イバー分岐結合器を、等しい径のコア同士による対称導
波路によって構成可能とし、光ファイバー分岐結合器の
調整パラメータを減じせしめ、生産を容易にし、低価格
化を図ることにある。
The present invention was developed in view of the above-mentioned points, and its purpose is to make it possible to construct an optical fiber branching coupler with a small wavelength dependence of the coupling rate using a symmetrical waveguide with cores having the same diameter. The purpose of this invention is to reduce the adjustment parameters of an optical fiber splitter and coupler, facilitate production, and lower costs.

〔課題を解決するための手段〕[Means to solve the problem]

上記問題点を解決するため本発明は、等しいコア径、屈
折率を有するシングルモード光ファイバーのコア同士を
、その外縁同士が所定距離まっすぐに接触或いは近接す
るようにし、その外周をクラッドで囲むように構成した
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a structure in which the cores of single-mode optical fibers having the same core diameter and refractive index are brought into direct contact or close to each other by a predetermined distance, and the outer periphery is surrounded by a cladding. Configured.

〔作用〕[Effect]

このように同一形状、同一屈折率のコア同士を近接(で
きれば直接接触)許せれば、分布結合により、コアの径
が同一であっても、その結合率の波長依存性が低減化で
きる。
If cores having the same shape and the same refractive index are allowed to be in close proximity (preferably in direct contact), the wavelength dependence of the coupling rate can be reduced due to distributed coupling even if the core diameters are the same.

また同一形状、同一屈折率のコアを直接結合すればよい
だけなので、該光ファイバー分岐結合器を製造するとき
の各部品間の調整が容易に行なえ、しかも再現性よくそ
の効果が発揮できる。
Further, since it is only necessary to directly connect cores having the same shape and the same refractive index, adjustment between each component can be easily performed when manufacturing the optical fiber branching coupler, and the effect can be exhibited with good reproducibility.

〔実施例〕〔Example〕

以下、本発明の一実施例を図面に基づいて詳細に説明す
る。
Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

第1図は本発明にかかる光ファイバー分岐結合器を示す
図であり、同図(a)は要部側断面図、同図(b)は縦
断面図である。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an optical fiber branching coupler according to the present invention, in which FIG. 1(a) is a side sectional view of the main part, and FIG. 1(b) is a longitudinal sectional view.

同図に示すようにこの光ファイバー分岐結合器は、2本
の円柱状のコア1,2と、その外周を包むクラッド3に
よって構成されている。
As shown in the figure, this optical fiber branching coupler is composed of two cylindrical cores 1 and 2 and a cladding 3 surrounding the outer periphery of the cores.

なお同図においては説明の都合上クラッド3に対してコ
ア1.2の径を大きく示しているが、通常はロア1,2
の径はクラッド3の外径に比べてもっと小きい。なおこ
こで用いる光ファイバーA、Bはシングルモードの光フ
ァイバーである。
In addition, in the figure, the diameter of the core 1.2 is shown larger than the cladding 3 for convenience of explanation, but normally the diameter of the lower 1.2 is larger than that of the cladding 3.
The diameter of the cladding 3 is smaller than the outer diameter of the cladding 3. Note that the optical fibers A and B used here are single mode optical fibers.

ここでクラッド3は屈折率n2の誘電体で構成され、2
本のコア1.2の外周に密着してこれらを包み込むよう
に形成されている。
Here, the cladding 3 is made of a dielectric material with a refractive index of n2, and 2
It is formed so as to be in close contact with the outer periphery of the book core 1.2 and to wrap around them.

一方コア1,2は同一材料、同一形状で構成きれている
On the other hand, the cores 1 and 2 are made of the same material and the same shape.

即ち、コア1.2はいずれもその屈折率が01の同一の
誘電体で構成きれ、両者の径はいずれも2aである。
That is, both cores 1.2 can be made of the same dielectric material whose refractive index is 01, and both have diameters of 2a.

なお屈折率n1は、屈折率n2に比較し、わずかに大き
な屈折率を有する。
Note that the refractive index n1 has a slightly larger refractive index than the refractive index n2.

そしてこれらコア1,2は、所定の距離りの部分におい
て、両コア1,2の外縁部分が直線状に直接接触するよ
うに構成きれている。
These cores 1 and 2 are constructed so that the outer edge portions of both cores 1 and 2 directly contact each other in a straight line at a predetermined distance.

なおこのときコア1,2は、いずれも距離りの区間にお
いて、その外径2aが変化しないように構成きれている
。従って両コア1,2の中心軸間距離は2aで一定であ
る。
At this time, both cores 1 and 2 are constructed so that their outer diameters 2a do not change in the distance section. Therefore, the distance between the center axes of both cores 1 and 2 is constant at 2a.

以上のようにして構成きれた光ファイバー分岐結合器に
おける入出力特性はモード結合理論によって得られる。
The input/output characteristics of the optical fiber branching coupler configured as described above can be obtained from mode coupling theory.

即ち、光ファイバーA、Hにおける電場をそれぞれA(
z)、B(z)とすると、2本の光ファイバーA、Hの
モード結合方程式は次式で表わされる。
That is, the electric fields in optical fibers A and H are respectively A(
z) and B(z), the mode coupling equation of the two optical fibers A and H is expressed by the following equation.

つAα)+j!?A(・)=jC(・)B(・)′3Z ここで、β:2の正方向への伝搬定数 U:正規化横方向伝搬定数 W:正規横方向減衰定数 Δ:比屈折率差 a:ファイバーコア径 d:ファイバー間距離 V:正規化周波数 ここで入力条件を片側入力として次のように規格化、し
設定する。
tsuAα)+j! ? A(・)=jC(・)B(・)′3Z Here, β: Propagation constant in the positive direction of 2 U: Normalized lateral propagation constant W: Normalized lateral attenuation constant Δ: Relative refractive index difference a : Fiber core diameter d: Inter-fiber distance V: Normalized frequency Here, the input conditions are normalized and set as follows with one-sided input.

A(0)I”−1、1B(0)I”−0結合率は、 ここで分岐比3dBの条件は分岐比 A(z)I’  : IB(z)I” =1 : 1で
ある。これらの数式により求められた数値の結果をグラ
フにしたものを第2図、第3図に示す。
A(0)I"-1, 1B(0)I"-0 coupling ratio is: Here, the condition for a branching ratio of 3 dB is the branching ratio A(z)I': IB(z)I" = 1:1. Figures 2 and 3 show graphs of numerical results obtained using these formulas.

即ち第2図、第3図においては、コア1又はコア2のい
ずれか一方にその一端から光を入射した場合にその光が
分岐してコア1,2の他端からそれぞれ半分ずつ出射す
るための(即ち結合率が3dBとなるための)コア1,
2の中心軸間の距離dとコア1,2の接触或いは近接距
離りとの関係を示す図である。なおコア1又はコア2に
入射する光の種類としては、波長λが1.3μmと1,
42μmと1.55μmのものを用いた。
That is, in FIGS. 2 and 3, when light enters either core 1 or core 2 from one end, the light branches and is emitted in half from the other end of cores 1 and 2. (i.e. for the coupling rate to be 3 dB) core 1,
2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance d between the center axes of the cores 1 and 2 and the contact or proximity distance between the cores 1 and 2. FIG. The types of light incident on core 1 or core 2 include wavelength λ of 1.3 μm and 1,
42 μm and 1.55 μm were used.

また第2図においてはコア1.2のそれぞれの半径を3
μmとしたものを用い、第3図においてはそれぞれ2μ
mとしたものを用いた。
In addition, in Figure 2, the radius of each core 1.2 is 3
μm, and in Figure 3 each 2 μm.
m was used.

第2図に示すように、コア1.2の中心軸間の距離dが
6.0μmのとき即ちコア1,2を接触きせたときは、
波長1.3μmの光の場合も波長1.42μmの光の場
合も波長1.55μmの光の場合も、結合率を3dBと
するにはコア1.2の接触距離りをいずれも約0.2I
とすればよいことがわかる。
As shown in FIG. 2, when the distance d between the central axes of the cores 1 and 2 is 6.0 μm, that is, when the cores 1 and 2 are brought into contact with each other,
In the case of light with a wavelength of 1.3 μm, light with a wavelength of 1.42 μm, and light with a wavelength of 1.55 μm, in order to achieve a coupling rate of 3 dB, the contact distance of the core 1.2 must be approximately 0. 2I
You can see that it is sufficient to do this.

またコア1,2の中心軸間の距離dが6.0μmより多
少大きいとき即ちコア1.2間が直接は接触していない
が近接状態にあるときも、各波長の光に対して結合率を
3dBとするためにはコア1.2の近接側MLを、(0
,2+α)TInT略−定とすればよいことがわかる。
Also, when the distance d between the central axes of cores 1 and 2 is somewhat larger than 6.0 μm, that is, when cores 1 and 2 are not in direct contact but are in close proximity, the coupling rate for light of each wavelength is In order to set the value to 3 dB, the proximal side ML of core 1.2 should be
, 2+α)TInT approximately - constant.

また第3図においても、コア1.2の中心軸間の距離d
が4.0μmのとき即ちコア1.2を接触許せたときは
、いずれの波長の光の場合も結合率を3dBとするため
にはコア1.2の接触距離りをいずれも約0.1211
111とすればよいことがわかる。
Also in FIG. 3, the distance d between the central axes of core 1.2
When is 4.0 μm, that is, when core 1.2 is allowed to contact, in order to achieve a coupling rate of 3 dB for light of any wavelength, the contact distance of core 1.2 must be approximately 0.1211.
It turns out that 111 is sufficient.

またコア1,2の中心軸間の距離dが4.0μmより多
少大きいとき即ちファ1,2間が近接状態にあるときも
、各波長の光に対して結合率を3dBとするためにはコ
ア1,2の近接距離りを、(0,12+α)aで略一定
とすればよいことがわかる。
Also, when the distance d between the central axes of cores 1 and 2 is somewhat larger than 4.0 μm, that is, when the cores 1 and 2 are in close proximity, in order to achieve a coupling rate of 3 dB for light of each wavelength, it is necessary to It can be seen that the proximity distance between the cores 1 and 2 should be kept approximately constant at (0, 12+α)a.

以上のように、両コア1.2の外縁部分を直線状に直接
接触或いは近接せしめるように設置すれば、両コア1,
2の接触或いは近接距離りを同一としたままで入射する
光の波長を変化させてもその結合率は略一定となる。即
ち結合率の波長依存性が小さくできるのである。
As described above, if the outer edge portions of both cores 1.2 are installed so that they are in direct contact or close to each other in a straight line, both cores 1.
Even if the wavelength of the incident light is changed while the contact or proximity distance between the two remains the same, the coupling rate remains approximately constant. In other words, the wavelength dependence of the coupling rate can be reduced.

定性的には光が直接コアから漏れることから完全結合と
はならず、はぼ3dBをM a xとした平坦なビート
状の結合条件となり、波長依存性を低減化することがで
きる。
Qualitatively, since light leaks directly from the core, complete coupling is not achieved, but a flat beat-shaped coupling condition with Max of about 3 dB is achieved, and wavelength dependence can be reduced.

なお上記実施例においては結合率が3dBとなる場合の
例を示したが、コア1,2のコア径aと、接触或いは近
接距離りをそれぞれ調整することにより、所望の結合率
、波長特性を有する光ファイバー分岐結合器が得られる
Although the above example shows an example in which the coupling rate is 3 dB, the desired coupling rate and wavelength characteristics can be obtained by adjusting the core diameter a of cores 1 and 2 and the contact or proximity distance. An optical fiber branching coupler having the following properties is obtained.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

以上詳細に説明したように、本発明に係る光ファイバー
分岐結合器によれば、同一形状、同一屈折率のコアを用
い、これらを所定距離直線状に接触或いは近接させるだ
けで、結合率の波長依存性が小さい光ファイバー分岐結
合器が提供できるという優れた効果を有する。
As explained in detail above, according to the optical fiber branching coupler according to the present invention, by simply using cores of the same shape and the same refractive index and bringing them into contact or close to each other in a straight line for a predetermined distance, the wavelength dependence of the coupling rate can be reduced. This has the excellent effect of providing an optical fiber branching coupler with low resistance.

また本発明に係る光ファイバー分岐結合器は、同一形状
、同一屈折率のコアを直接結合すればよいだけなので、
該光ファイバー分岐結合器を製造するときの各部品間の
調整が容易に行なえ、再現性よくその効果が発揮でき、
このためその製造が容易で生産性に優れ、結果として低
価格化が可能となるという優れた効果をも有する。
In addition, the optical fiber branching coupler according to the present invention only needs to directly couple cores of the same shape and the same refractive index.
When manufacturing the optical fiber branching coupler, adjustments between each part can be easily made, and the effect can be demonstrated with good reproducibility.
Therefore, it is easy to manufacture and has excellent productivity, and as a result, it also has the excellent effect of being able to reduce costs.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明にかかる光ファイバー分岐結合器を示す
図、第2図と第3図は光ファイバー分岐結合器の結合率
を3dBとするためのコア1,2の中心軸間の距離dと
コア1,2の接触・近接距離りとの関係を示す図、第4
図は従来の光ファイバー分岐結合器を示す図である。 図中、1,2・・・コア、3・・・クラッド、である。 a=3女処
Figure 1 is a diagram showing an optical fiber coupler according to the present invention, and Figures 2 and 3 are the distance d between the center axes of cores 1 and 2 and the core to make the coupling rate of the optical fiber coupler 3 dB. Diagram showing the relationship between 1 and 2 contact/proximity distance, 4th
The figure shows a conventional optical fiber branching coupler. In the figure, 1, 2... core, 3... cladding. a=3 women's place

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]  任意の屈折率を有する誘電体からなるクラッド内にお
いて、該クラッドの屈折率よりも大きな屈折率を有する
誘電体からなりほぼ同等な径を有する2本の円柱状のコ
アを、該両コアの外径が変化しないように保持したまま
、両コアの外縁部分を所定距離直線状に接触或いは近接
せしめることにより、両コア間で光の分岐・結合をする
ことを特徴とする光ファイバー分岐結合器。
Within a cladding made of a dielectric material having an arbitrary refractive index, two cylindrical cores made of a dielectric material having a refractive index greater than that of the cladding and having approximately the same diameter are placed outside both cores. An optical fiber branching/coupling device characterized in that light is branched and coupled between both cores by bringing the outer edge portions of both cores into contact or close to each other in a straight line for a predetermined distance while keeping the diameter unchanged.
JP9818690A 1990-04-13 1990-04-13 Optical fiber branch coupler Expired - Fee Related JP2931914B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9818690A JP2931914B2 (en) 1990-04-13 1990-04-13 Optical fiber branch coupler

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9818690A JP2931914B2 (en) 1990-04-13 1990-04-13 Optical fiber branch coupler

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH03294805A true JPH03294805A (en) 1991-12-26
JP2931914B2 JP2931914B2 (en) 1999-08-09

Family

ID=14212988

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP9818690A Expired - Fee Related JP2931914B2 (en) 1990-04-13 1990-04-13 Optical fiber branch coupler

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2931914B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2931914B2 (en) 1999-08-09

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