JPH0328146A - Cement admixture and cement composition - Google Patents
Cement admixture and cement compositionInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0328146A JPH0328146A JP1159336A JP15933689A JPH0328146A JP H0328146 A JPH0328146 A JP H0328146A JP 1159336 A JP1159336 A JP 1159336A JP 15933689 A JP15933689 A JP 15933689A JP H0328146 A JPH0328146 A JP H0328146A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- gypsum
- furnace slag
- blast furnace
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical class O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011400 blast furnace cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-Dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC1CC(=O)OC1(C)C AWQSAIIDOMEEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- MKTRXTLKNXLULX-UHFFFAOYSA-P pentacalcium;dioxido(oxo)silane;hydron;tetrahydrate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].O.O.O.O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O MKTRXTLKNXLULX-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
く産業上の利用分野〉
本発明はセメント混和材及びそれを含有したセメント組
戒物に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a cement admixture and a cement compound containing the same.
〈従来技術とその課題〉
従来、蒸気養生条件下で高強度を得る方法として、三水
セッコウと、シリカヒュームとを配合したセメント混和
材を使用する方法が知られている（特公昭５６−４８４
５号公報）。<Prior art and its problems> Conventionally, as a method of obtaining high strength under steam curing conditions, a method of using a cement admixture containing Sansui gypsum and silica fume has been known (Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-484).
Publication No. 5).
しかしながら、この方法では、高強度化の効果は得られ
るが、耐久性、特に、塩素イオンの浸透抵抗性（耐塩性
）については充分な効果が得られない等の課題があった
。However, with this method, although the effect of increasing the strength can be obtained, there are problems such as not being able to obtain a sufficient effect with respect to durability, especially resistance to chlorine ion penetration (salt resistance).
また、コンクリート成形体の強度及び耐久性を同時に改
善する方法として、セメントと、セメントに対して３０
〜８５重量％とかなり多い量の微粉末の高炉スラグ、高
炉スラグの細骨材及び減水剤を配合することが知られて
いる（特開昭６１−２８１０５７号公報）。In addition, as a method for simultaneously improving the strength and durability of concrete molded bodies, we have developed
It is known to mix a considerably large amount of finely powdered blast furnace slag, blast furnace slag fine aggregate, and a water reducing agent in an amount of ~85% by weight (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-281057).
しかしながら、この方法では、コンクリート戒形体を常
圧蒸気養生し７た後、気乾養生すると、乾燥収縮による
と思われる、半径２００人以上の大きな空隙が生じ、長
期の凍結融解耐久性の低下、中性化の促進、鉄筋の発錆
及び強度低下が予想され、圧縮強度に対する引張り強度
の比率も小さい等の課題があった。However, with this method, when the concrete precept is cured with atmospheric steam and then air-dried, a large void with a radius of more than 200 mm is created, which is thought to be due to drying shrinkage, resulting in a decrease in long-term freeze-thaw durability. Acceleration of carbonation, rusting of reinforcing bars, and a decrease in strength were expected, and the ratio of tensile strength to compressive strength was also low.
一方、従来より、高炉スラグは、高炉スラグセメントと
してセメントに多用され、高炉スラグの配合量によって
Ａ種、Ｂ種及びＣ種に分類されている。即ち、高炉スラ
グ混合量が３０％以下はＡ種、３０％を越え６０％以下
はＢ種及び６０％を超え７０％以下はＣ種である。そし
て、アルカリー骨材反応防止の面から高炉スラグの混合
量は４０％以上とすることが推奨されている。On the other hand, conventionally, blast furnace slag has been widely used in cement as blast furnace slag cement, and is classified into type A, type B, and type C depending on the blending amount of blast furnace slag. That is, if the mixed amount of blast furnace slag is 30% or less, it is type A, if it exceeds 30% and not more than 60%, it is type B, and if it exceeds 60% and not more than 70%, it is type C. In order to prevent alkaline aggregate reaction, it is recommended that the amount of blast furnace slag mixed is 40% or more.
しかしながら、通常、高炉セメント用に使用される高炉
スラグの粒度は、ブレーン値で４．ＯＯＯｃｍｚ／ｇ前
後、１２μ以下の粒子の量が５０％にも満たないもので
あり、このような粗い高炉スラグは、■型無水セッコウ
や活性シリカと併用しても、強度発現や耐久性を向上さ
せる効果は小さく、■型無水セッコウの有する高強度発
現能力をむしろ損う傾向を示すものであった。However, the particle size of blast furnace slag used for blast furnace cement is usually 4. The amount of particles of around OOOcmz/g and 12μ or less is less than 50%, and such coarse blast furnace slag can improve strength and durability even when used in combination with type anhydrous gypsum and activated silica. The effect of increasing the strength was small, and showed a tendency to actually impair the ability of type 1 anhydrous gypsum to develop high strength.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決し、さらに、各種耐久性
を高めるべく鋭意検討した結果、特定の高炉スラグ粉と
活性シリカを、二水、半水又は■型無水セッコウと併用
することにより、上記課題が解決できる知見を得て、本
発明を完成するに至った。The present inventors solved the above problems and, as a result of intensive studies to improve various durability, by using specific blast furnace slag powder and activated silica together with dihydric, semihydrous or type anhydrous gypsum. The present invention has been completed based on the findings that can solve the above problems.
〈課題を解決するための手段〉
即ち、本発明は、二水、半水又は■型無水セノコウを無
水物換算で１００重量部と、活性シリカ２０〜５００重
五部と、１２μ以下の粒子が６０％以上の高炉スラグ粉
２０〜５００重彊部とを主或分とするセメント混和材で
あり、セメント１００重量部と、該セメント混和材６〜
３０重量部とを主成分とするセメントＭｉ底物である。<Means for Solving the Problems> That is, the present invention comprises 100 parts by weight of dihydrate, hemihydric or It is a cement admixture mainly consisting of 20 to 500 parts by weight of blast furnace slag powder of 60% or more, and 100 parts by weight of cement and 6 to 6 parts by weight of the cement admixture.
This is a cement Mi base containing 30 parts by weight as a main component.
以下、本発明を詳しく説明する。The present invention will be explained in detail below.
本発明における二水、半水又は■型無水セッコウ（以下
セッコウ類という）とは天然産のものや、排脱セッコウ
などの化学セッコウ及びそれらを熱処理して得られたも
のが使用され、通常含まれる不純物の種類や量には影響
されない。In the present invention, the dihydric, hemihydric, or ■-type anhydrous gypsum (hereinafter referred to as gypsum) includes naturally produced gypsum, chemical gypsum such as expelled gypsum, and those obtained by heat-treating them. It is not affected by the type or amount of impurities present.
セッコウ類の粉末度は、ブレーン値で３， ＯＯＯｃｍ
２／ｇ以上が好ましく、４， ＯＯＯｃｍ”／ｇ以上が
より好ましい。The fineness of gypsum is 3, OOOcm in Blaine value.
2/g or more is preferable, and 4,00 cm''/g or more is more preferable.
ブレーン値が３，ＯＯＯｃｍ”／ｇ未満では、蒸気養生
を行なっても未反応で残り易く、これが長期に渡って反
応し、セメント或形体の安定性を欠く傾向にあるので好
ましくない。If the Blaine value is less than 3,000 cm''/g, unreacted particles tend to remain even after steam curing, which tends to react over a long period of time and cause the cement or shaped body to lack stability, which is not preferable.
本発明における活性シリカとは、シリカヒューム、アエ
ロジル及びケイソウ上等である。Activated silica in the present invention includes silica fume, aerosil, diatomaceous, and the like.
シリカヒュームとは、例えば、フエロシリコンや金属シ
リコン等の製造時に副生ずる２００人〜０．５μ程度の
非晶質Ｓｉｎｇを主成分とする超微粉である。Silica fume is, for example, an ultrafine powder whose main component is amorphous Sing with a size of about 200 to 0.5 microns, which is produced as a by-product during the production of ferrosilicon, metal silicon, and the like.
本発明における高炉スラグ粉とは、１２μ以下の粒子が
６０％以上の高炉スラグである。The blast furnace slag powder in the present invention is blast furnace slag containing 60% or more of particles with a size of 12 μ or less.
高炉スラグ粉は、高炉より副生ずる溶融スラグを急冷し
ガラス化したものを粉砕又は粉砕・分級して得られる微
粉末である。Blast furnace slag powder is a fine powder obtained by pulverizing or crushing and classifying molten slag produced as a by-product from a blast furnace, which is rapidly cooled and vitrified.
高炉スラグ粉の潜在水硬性の度合いを表わすものとして
示される塩基度（ＣａＯ＋ＡｌｚＯｚ＋ＭｇＯ）／Ｓｉ
Ｏｚは、本発明では、１．４以上が好ましく、１．７以
上がより好ましい。Basicity (CaO+AlzOz+MgO)/Si, which is shown as indicating the degree of latent hydraulicity of blast furnace slag powder
In the present invention, Oz is preferably 1.4 or more, more preferably 1.7 or more.
また、高炉スラグ粉のガラス化率は５０％以上が好まし
＜、９０％以上がより好ましい。Further, the vitrification rate of the blast furnace slag powder is preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.
高炉スラグ粉の粒度は、１２μ以下の粒子が６０％以上
であり、８０％以上がより好ましい。１２μ以下の粒子
が６０％未満ではセッコウ類や活性シリカと併用した場
合、強度発現効果が充分得られないか、場合によっては
セッコウ類の強度発現能力を損なう場合もあるもので好
ましくない。The particle size of the blast furnace slag powder is such that particles of 12 μm or less account for 60% or more, and more preferably 80% or more. If the particle size of 12μ or less is less than 60%, when used in combination with gypsum or activated silica, sufficient strength development effect may not be obtained, or in some cases, the strength development ability of gypsum may be impaired, which is not preferable.
高炉スラグ粉は、粒度が細かければ細かい程良く、工業
的に、かつ、経済的に粉砕又は粉砕・分級されて得られ
る最小の高炉スラグ粉の粒度は、通常、ＩＯμ以下でＤ
５０の値が３μ程度であり、このような超微粉の高炉ス
ラグの使用はより好ましい。The finer the particle size of blast furnace slag powder, the better.The smallest particle size of blast furnace slag powder that can be obtained by industrially and economically pulverizing or pulverizing/classifying is usually less than IOμ and D
The value of 50 is about 3μ, and it is more preferable to use such ultrafine blast furnace slag.
このような微粉の高炉スラグ粉はセッコウ類や活性シリ
カと併用した場合、高炉スラグ粉単独使用の場合、セッ
コウ゛類単独使用の場合及び活性シリカ単独使用の場合
より著しく高い強度が得られ、かつ、耐久性の高いセメ
ント戒形体が得られる。When such fine blast furnace slag powder is used in combination with gypsum or activated silica, significantly higher strength can be obtained than when blast furnace slag powder is used alone, when gypsum is used alone, or when activated silica is used alone, and A highly durable cement precept form can be obtained.
このような相乗的効果を発現する理由は不明であるが、
次のように推察される。The reason for such a synergistic effect is unknown, but
It is inferred as follows.
即ち、高強度は、セメント中のアルミネート相とセッコ
ウ類との反応によって生或するエトリンガイト（３Ｃａ
Ｏ・＾ｌｚＯ＋・３ＣａＳＯ４・３２１１ｚＯ）が空隙
を充填し、密実化を促すことと、活性シリカがボルトラ
ンダイト（Ｃａ （ＯＨ） ｚ）と反応し、トバモライ
トを生威させ、密実化を助長することにより、得られる
ものであるが、高炉スラグ粉の使用によって、ＡＩ戒分
の絶対量が多くなり、かつ、高炉スラグが微粉化するこ
とにより、高炉スラグ中に多量にあるＡｔ或分の溶解速
度が速くなり、セッコウ類の溶解速度とバランスして、
液相中により効率的にエトリンガイトを生成し、空隙を
充填し密実化すると同時に、セッコウ類が高炉スラグ中
のＡＩ戒分の溶出量を高かめ、高炉スラグ粒子をボーラ
スにして高炉スラグ全体の水和反応盟を高めることによ
るものと推察される。That is, high strength is achieved by ettringite (3Ca), which is produced by the reaction between the aluminate phase in cement and gypsum.
O・^lzO+・3CaSO4・3211zO) fills the voids and promotes compaction, and activated silica reacts with voltlandite (Ca (OH) z) to produce tobermorite and promote compaction. However, by using blast furnace slag powder, the absolute amount of AI precipitate increases, and by pulverizing the blast furnace slag, a large amount of At present in the blast furnace slag can be reduced. The dissolution rate becomes faster and is balanced with the dissolution rate of gypsum,
Ettringite is produced more efficiently in the liquid phase, filling the voids and making it denser. At the same time, the gypsum increases the amount of AI precipitates eluted from the blast furnace slag, and makes the blast furnace slag particles into a bolus, which increases the total volume of the blast furnace slag. It is presumed that this is due to increasing the hydration reaction.
また、酎塩性は塩素イオンのイオン半径が小さいので、
密実性だけでは不充分で、長期間の間では、徐々に深部
へ浸透してくる塩素イオンの固定は、アルミネート水和
物や未水和物によって、フリーデル塩（３ＣａＯ・Ａ１
ｚＯｓ・ＣａＣｌｚ４０１１ｚＯ）の形で行われるが、
エトリンガイトは塩素に対し安定であり、セッコウ類を
多量に添加し、アル旦ネート相をエトリンガイトに変え
ることは、塩素の固定能力を失わせるものである。In addition, since the ionic radius of the chlorine ions in the chushu salt is small,
Denseness alone is not enough; over a long period of time, the fixation of chlorine ions, which gradually penetrate deep into the interior, can be fixed using Friedel salt (3CaO・A1) using aluminate hydrates and unhydrated
zOs・CaClz4011zO),
Ettringite is stable against chlorine, and adding a large amount of gypsum to change the aldanate phase to ettringite causes a loss of chlorine fixation ability.
活性シリカ及び高炉スラグ粉の使用量は、セッコウ類１
００重量部に対し、各々２０〜５００重量部である。The amount of activated silica and blast furnace slag powder used is 1
00 parts by weight, each amount is 20 to 500 parts by weight.
セッコウ類、活性シリカ及び高炉スラグ粉を主成分とす
る本発明のセメント混和材の使用量は、セメント１００
重量部に対し、６〜３０重量部が好ましい。特に、セメ
ント１００重量部に対し、各々の戒分が２〜１０重量部
となるように使用することはより好ましい。The amount of the cement admixture of the present invention, which is mainly composed of gypsum, activated silica, and blast furnace slag powder, is 100% of cement.
It is preferably 6 to 30 parts by weight. In particular, it is more preferable to use each component in an amount of 2 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement.
セッコウ類、活性シリカ及び高炉スラグ粉が各々２重量
部未満では、強度発現性や耐久性を改善する効果は小さ
く、また、各々が１０重量部を越えると、コンクリート
硬化体中のボルトランダイトが全くなくなり、鉄筋の発
錆（特にブレストレスト製品は鋼棒の緊張による応力腐
食も加わるので、硬化体のアルカリ度の低下は危険であ
る）が懸念されるものである。If gypsum, activated silica, and blast furnace slag powder are each less than 2 parts by weight, the effect of improving strength development and durability is small, and if each exceeds 10 parts by weight, voltandite in the hardened concrete will increase. There is a concern about rusting of the reinforcing bars (particularly in breast-rested products, stress corrosion due to the tension of the steel rods is also added, so a decrease in the alkalinity of the hardened product is dangerous).
活性シリカに基づく単位水量の増加によって、強度や耐
塩性の改善効果が大きくならず、低下気味どなるので、
不経済となるばかりでなく、スランプドロップが大きく
なり、作業性が困難となるものである。また、活性シリ
カと高炉スラグ粉が合計量で２０重量部を越えるようう
になると、コンクリート硬化体中のボルトランダイトが
なくなり、アルカリ度が低下するので、中性化だけでな
く、特に、プレストレスト成形体のＰＣ調捧の発錆が懸
念されるようになり、好ましくない。Due to the increase in the unit water content based on activated silica, the improvement effect on strength and salt resistance is not large and tends to decrease.
This is not only uneconomical, but also increases slump drop, making workability difficult. In addition, when the total amount of activated silica and blast furnace slag powder exceeds 20 parts by weight, the voltandite in the hardened concrete disappears and the alkalinity decreases. There is now a concern that the PC trim on the body will rust, which is not desirable.
好ましくは、セッコウ類、活性シリカ及び高炉スラグ粉
が各々セメント１００重量部に対し、３〜９重量部であ
り、より好ましくは、４〜８重量部である。Preferably, the amount of gypsum, activated silica, and blast furnace slag powder is 3 to 9 parts by weight, more preferably 4 to 8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of cement.
ここでいうセメントとは、普通・早強・超早強・中庸熱
・白色等の各種ボルトランドセメントなどである。また
、高炉セメントは中性化、酸化及び変色等の問題がある
ので使用できないが、シリカセメントやフライアッシュ
セメントは使用できる。セメントは水硬性係数が大きい
ものほど、また、粉末度が大きいほど高い強度が得られ
、耐久性も向上する。The cement mentioned here includes various types of boltland cement such as normal, early strength, super early strength, moderate heat, and white. Further, blast furnace cement cannot be used because it has problems such as neutralization, oxidation, and discoloration, but silica cement and fly ash cement can be used. The greater the cement's hydraulic coefficient and the greater its fineness, the higher its strength and improved durability.
本発明のセメント混和材を用いてセメント或形体を製造
するに当り、必要に応じ、減水剤、ＡＥ減水剤、促進剤
及び遅延剤等の化学混和剤を併用することができる。特
に、減水剤の併用は好ましく、その減水剤の中でも高性
能減水剤の併用はより好ましいものである。When producing a cement or shaped body using the cement admixture of the present invention, chemical admixtures such as a water reducer, an AE water reducer, an accelerator, and a retarder may be used in combination, if necessary. In particular, it is preferable to use a water reducing agent in combination, and among these water reducing agents, it is more preferable to use a high performance water reducing agent in combination.
高性能減水剤とは、多量に添加しても凝結の過遅延や過
度の空気連行を伴わない、分散能力の大きな界面活性剤
であって、ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルムアルデヒド縮合
物の塩、メラくンスルホン酸ホルムアルデヒド縮合物の
塩、高分子量りグニンスルホン酸塩及びポリカルボン酸
塩などを主成分とするものなどであり、具体的には、例
えば、花王■製商品名「マイティ１５０Ｊ、電気化学工
業ｒｍ製商品名ｒＦＴ−５００Ｊ、ポゾリス物産＠製商
品名ｒＮＬ−４０００１等が挙げられる。A high-performance water reducing agent is a surfactant with a large dispersion ability that does not cause excessive delay in coagulation or excessive air entrainment even when added in large amounts, and is a surfactant that has a high dispersion ability and does not cause excessive condensation delay or excessive air entrainment even when added in large amounts. These include salts of formaldehyde condensates, high-molecular weight trignin sulfonates, polycarboxylate salts, etc. as main ingredients.Specifically, for example, the product name "Mighty 150J" manufactured by Kao ■, the product manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo RM, etc. Examples include the product name rFT-500J and the product name rNL-40001 manufactured by Pozoris Bussan@.
高性能減水剤の使用量は特に限定されるものではないが
、固形分換算でセメント１００重量部に対し０．２〜２
重量部程度が好ましい。The amount of high-performance water reducing agent used is not particularly limited, but it is 0.2 to 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement in terms of solid content.
Parts by weight are preferred.
また、セッコウ類のうち、半水や■型無水セッコウは使
用量が多くなると、偽凝結を生ずる場合があるが、その
場合は、コンクリート中のセメントｆｆｌに対し、多く
ても０．３重量％の有機酸又はその塩類を配合すること
により、偽凝結を抑えることができ、耐塩性等に支障を
与えない。In addition, among gypsums, semi-water and type anhydrous gypsum may cause false setting if used in large amounts, but in that case, at most 0.3% by weight based on the cement ffl in concrete. By blending organic acids or their salts, false coagulation can be suppressed and salt tolerance etc. are not affected.
ここで、有機酸又はその塩類とは、例えば、クエン酸、
リンゴ酸、酒石酸、グルコン酸、ヘプタン酸、アジピン
酸及びマレイン酸又はそれらの塩類である。Here, the organic acid or its salts are, for example, citric acid,
Malic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, heptanoic acid, adipic acid and maleic acid or their salts.
本発明のセメント混和材とセメント、砂、砂利、適量の
水及び減水剤を配合して、モルタル・コンクリートを混
練し、或形し、常圧蒸気養生してセメント成形体を製造
するにあたり、本発明のセメント混和材は、予じめセメ
ントに混合してセメント組成物としても良いし、混練時
直接ミキサーへ混和材又は各々の戒分を別々に混合して
も良く、さらに、水に分散させスラリー状で混合しても
良い。In producing a cement molded body by mixing the cement admixture of the present invention with cement, sand, gravel, an appropriate amount of water, and a water reducing agent, kneading mortar/concrete, shaping it, and curing it with atmospheric pressure steam, the present invention The cement admixture of the invention may be mixed in advance with cement to form a cement composition, or the admixture or each ingredient may be mixed separately into a mixer directly during kneading, or further, it may be dispersed in water. It may be mixed in the form of a slurry.
混練方法としては、特に制限されるものではなく、モル
タル・コンクリートで通常実施される方法が利用できる
。The kneading method is not particularly limited, and methods commonly used for mortar and concrete can be used.
セメント威形体の戒形方法は遠心力戒形、プレス或形、
押し出し成形、抄造、振動成形及び振動戒形して遠心力
戒形等の常法が利用できる。The method of forming the cement body is centrifugal force forming, press or forming,
Conventional methods such as extrusion molding, paper forming, vibration molding, vibration molding and centrifugal force molding can be used.
また、本発明のセメント混和材を用いたセメント或形体
の常圧蒸気養生は４０〜１００″Ｃの範囲で行なわれ、
５０〜８０゜Ｃの範囲がより好ましい。In addition, atmospheric pressure steam curing of cement or shaped bodies using the cement admixture of the present invention is carried out in the range of 40 to 100"C,
The temperature range is more preferably 50 to 80°C.
以上のように或形されるセメント成形体としては、例え
ば、コンクリートパイル、ボール、ヒューム管、鋼管複
合パイル及び鋼管ライニング等の遠心力戒形体、ボック
スカルパート、セグメント、コンクリート枕木、矢板、
橋脚及び橋桁等のプレキャスト或形体などが挙げられる
。Examples of cement molded bodies shaped as described above include concrete piles, balls, Hume pipes, steel pipe composite piles, centrifugal force shaped bodies such as steel pipe linings, box carparts, segments, concrete sleepers, sheet piles,
Examples include precast structures such as bridge piers and bridge girders.
〈実施例〉 以下、実施例にて本発明を説明する。<Example> The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples.
実施例１
表−１に示すコンクリート配合を用い、表−２に示すよ
うに、セッコウ類、活性シリカ及び高炉スラグ粉を変化
させ、常法によりコンクリートを混練した．その後、そ
の混練物を用いφ１０ Ｘ ２０ｃｍの供試体を成形し
た。Example 1 Using the concrete composition shown in Table 1, and varying the gypsum, activated silica, and blast furnace slag powder as shown in Table 2, concrete was kneaded in a conventional manner. Thereafter, the kneaded product was molded into a specimen measuring φ10 x 20 cm.
なお、半水セッコウ又は■型無水セッコウを添加する際
、クエン酸（試薬１級）をコンクリート中のセメントに
対し、０．０５重量％併用した。When adding hemihydrous gypsum or type anhydrous gypsum, 0.05% by weight of citric acid (grade 1 reagent) was used based on the cement in the concrete.
表 一 ■
供試体は前置き養生を４時間行った後、１５゜Ｃ／ｈで
、６５゜Ｃまで昇温し、常圧蒸気養生し、そのまま４時
間保持した後、自然放冷し、翌朝蒸気養生槽より出し各
種試験を行なった。試験結果を表−２に示す．
なお、水・セメント比は単に水量とセメント量の重量％
、本発明のセメント混和材は砂と容積で置きかえ、本発
明のセメント混和材の量によって目標スランプ外となる
ものは、多少、水量を加減してスランプを調節した。Table 1 ■ After the specimen was pre-cured for 4 hours, the temperature was raised to 65°C at 15°C/h, steam-cured under normal pressure, kept as it was for 4 hours, allowed to cool naturally, and the next morning it was heated to 65°C. It was taken out of the curing tank and various tests were conducted. The test results are shown in Table 2. Note that the water/cement ratio is simply the weight percentage of the amount of water and amount of cement.
The cement admixture of the present invention was replaced by sand by volume, and if the slump was outside the target slump due to the amount of the cement admixture of the present invention, the slump was adjusted by slightly adjusting the amount of water.
く試験方法〉
（１）スラグ粒度の測定
シーラス社製レーザー回折式粉体粒度分折計グラニュロ
メーターＭｏｄｅｌ ７１５ （測定範囲Ｏ〜１９２μ
）を用いエタノールに分散させ行った。Test method> (1) Measurement of slag particle size Laser diffraction powder particle size spectrometer Granulometer Model 715 manufactured by Cirrus Co., Ltd. (Measurement range O ~ 192μ
) was used to disperse it in ethanol.
（２）強度試験の測定
圧縮強度は、材令１日の脱型特、φ１０Ｘ２０ｃｍの振
動詰めの円柱供試体を用いて求めた。(2) Measurement of strength test The compressive strength was determined using a vibration-packed cylindrical specimen of φ10 x 20 cm, which was demolded after one day of age.
（３）耐塩性試験の測定
φＩＱ Ｘ ２０ＣＩの円柱供試体を材令ｌ日で脱型し
、その後２０′Ｃ±３、ＲＨ６０％±５にコントロール
した養生箱で２８日間養生してから、３％ＮａＣＩ水溶
液に浸漬し、材令１、３及び１２か月で取り出し、供試
体中央部をφ１０Ｘ１ｃｍの寸法で切り出し、３００゜
Ｃで２４特間乾燥したものを全量粉砕して、蛍光Ｘ線分
析によって塩素の浸透量を測定した。(3) Measurement of salt resistance test A cylindrical specimen of φIQ % NaCI aqueous solution, removed at 1, 3, and 12 months of age, cut out the central part of the specimen to a size of φ10 x 1 cm, dried at 300°C for 24 hours, crushed the whole amount, and analyzed by fluorescent X-ray analysis. The amount of chlorine permeation was measured.
（４）ボルトランダイトの測定
φ１０Ｘ２０ｃｍの円柱供試体を材令ｌ口で脱型し、供
試体中央部をφ１０Ｘ１ｃｍの寸法で切り出し、３００
″Ｃで２４時間乾燥したものを全盪粉砕して、化学分析
をおこなった。なお、ボルトランダイトはｆ−Ｃａ○に
換算して示した。(4) Measurement of voltlandite A cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 10 x 20 cm was removed from the mold, and the central part of the specimen was cut out with dimensions of 10 x 1 cm.
The material was dried for 24 hours at "C" and then thoroughly ground for chemical analysis. Voltlandite is shown in terms of f-Ca○.
〈使用材料〉
セメント ：電気化学工業■製、普通ボルトランドセ
メント、比重３．１６
セシコウ類−ａ：二水セッコウ、排脱セッコウ、ブレー
ン６， ５００ｃｍ”／ｇ
〃 一ｂ二半水セッコウ、セッコウ類−ａを１５０゜
Ｃで熱処理、プレーン１０， ＯＯＯｃｍ”／ｇ以上
／／ −ｃ：Ｉ［Ｉ型無水セッコウ、セシコウ類一
ａを２００゜Ｃで熱処理、ブレーン１０，０００ｃｍ”
／ｇ以上
活性シリカ−ｄ：シリカヒューム、日本重化学工業■製
、比重２．２０
／／ −ｅ：商品名「アエロジル５０」、日本アエ
ロジル■製、比重２．２０
〃 〜『：ケイソウ上、昭和化学工業■商品名「ラヂ
オライトＳＰＦＩ
高炉スラグ ：川鉄リパーメント社製高炉スラグ水
砂
砂利
減水剤
セメント用スラグ（三水セッコウな
し、■２μ以下の粒子４８％）を振動ミル又は振動ミル
と分級装置を組み合
わせ再調整したもの、比重２．９５
一α：１２μ以下５３％、Ｄ５０が約１２μ弱−β：
〃 ６０ ９μ
γ： 〃 ８０ ６μ
−δ：〃１００〃３μ
＝地下水
：新潟県姫川産川砂（比重２．６５）
〃 砕石（比重２．６８）
：高性能減水剤、電気化学工業Ｑ勾製
商品名ｒＦＴ−５００１ （比重１．２０）表−２にお
いて、実験Ｎｏ．１− １〜９と実験Ｎα１−２８は比
較例である。<Materials used> Cement: Manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo ■, ordinary Boltland cement, specific gravity 3.16 Seshikou-a: dihydric gypsum, expelled gypsum, Blaine 6, 500cm"/g 〃 1b dihydric gypsum, gypsum Heat treatment of class-a at 150°C, plain 10, OOOcm"/g or more // -c: I [Type I anhydrous gypsum, heat treatment of class 1a at 200°C, plain 10,000cm"
/g or more activated silica-d: Silica fume, manufactured by Nippon Heavy Chemical Industry ■, specific gravity 2.20 // -e: Product name "Aerosil 50", manufactured by Nippon Aerosil ■, specific gravity 2.20 〃 ~ ``: diatom top, Showa Chemical industry■Product name: Radiolite SPFI Blast furnace slag: Blast furnace slag manufactured by Kawatetsu Reparment Co., Ltd.Water sand gravelWater reducerCement slag (no gypsum, ■48% particles of 2μ or less) is processed using a vibration mill or a vibration mill and a classifier. Readjusted combination, specific gravity 2.95 - α: 12μ or less 53%, D50 about 12μ or less - β:
〃 60 9μ γ: 〃 80 6μ −δ: 〃100〃3μ = Groundwater: River sand from Himekawa, Niigata Prefecture (specific gravity 2.65) Crushed stone (specific gravity 2.68): High performance water reducing agent, Denki Kagaku Kogyo Q grade product Name rFT-5001 (specific gravity 1.20) In Table 2, Experiment No. 1-1 to 9 and Experiment Nα1-28 are comparative examples.
表−２に示されるように、セッコウ類、活性シリカ及び
高炉スラグ粉の各々単独添加（実験Ｎｏ． １２〜４）
及びセッコウ類とシリカヒュームのみの併用（実験Ｎｏ
．１− ７）と各々同量づつ配合した本発明例〈実験Ｎ
αｌ−１４、１−３０及び１−３３）と比較すると、強
度的にも、塩素に対する浸透抵抗性も顕著に改善されて
いることがわかる。As shown in Table 2, individual addition of gypsum, activated silica, and blast furnace slag powder (Experiment Nos. 12 to 4)
and combination of gypsum and silica fume only (Experiment No.
．． Example of the present invention (Experiment N) in which the same amounts of each of 1-7) were blended.
When compared with αl-14, 1-30, and 1-33), it can be seen that both the strength and the permeation resistance to chlorine are significantly improved.
また、上記発明例と同配合で１２μ以下の粒子の里が５
３％の高炉スラグ粉（α）を用いたものは、強度及び塩
素に対する抵抗性の改善効果が小さく、本発明例のよう
に１２μ以下の粒子の量が６０％以上で細かい程顕著な
効果を示すことが認められる。In addition, with the same formulation as the above invention example, the particle size of 12μ or less was 5
When using 3% blast furnace slag powder (α), the effect of improving strength and resistance to chlorine is small, and as in the example of the present invention, when the amount of particles of 12μ or less is 60% or more, the finer the effect is, the more pronounced the effect is. It is allowed to show.
〈発明の効果〉
実施例で示したように、本発明のセメント混和材を使用
することにより、高強度で、かつ、耐久性の高いコンク
リートを製造することができる。<Effects of the Invention> As shown in the examples, by using the cement admixture of the present invention, concrete with high strength and high durability can be manufactured.
また、本発明のセメント混和材を用いて、例えば、常圧
蒸気養生で行う、コンクリートパオル、ポール、ヒュー
ム管、鋼管モルタルライニング及び洞管複合ぐい等の遠
心力戒形コンクリート製品や、橋脚、橋桁、ボソクスヵ
ルバート、セグメント、ＰＣコンクリート枕木及びＰＣ
スラブ版等の振動詰め戒形体など、セメント戊形体全般
に使用可能で、高強度、高耐久性コンクリート製品を製
造することができる。In addition, the cement admixture of the present invention can be used to produce, for example, centrifugally formed concrete products such as concrete pawls, poles, Hume pipes, steel pipe mortar linings, and composite tunnel pipes, as well as bridge piers, bridge girders, etc., which are cured with atmospheric pressure steam. Bosox culverts, segments, PC concrete sleepers and PC
It can be used for all kinds of cement blocks, such as vibration-packed blocks such as slab plates, and can produce high-strength, highly durable concrete products.
Claims (2)
で１００重量部と、活性シリカ２０〜５００重量部と、
１２μ以下の粒子が６０％以上の高炉スラグ粉２０〜５
００重量部とを主成分とするセメント混和材。(1) 100 parts by weight of dihydrate, hemihydrate or type III anhydrous gypsum in terms of anhydride, and 20 to 500 parts by weight of activated silica;
Blast furnace slag powder with 60% or more particles of 12μ or less 20-5
00 parts by weight as a main component.
ト混和材６〜３０重量部とを主成分とするセメント組成
物。(2) A cement composition whose main components are 100 parts by weight of cement and 6 to 30 parts by weight of the cement admixture according to claim 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15933689A JP2515397B2 (en) | 1989-06-21 | 1989-06-21 | Cement admixture and cement composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15933689A JP2515397B2 (en) | 1989-06-21 | 1989-06-21 | Cement admixture and cement composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0328146A true JPH0328146A (en) | 1991-02-06 |
| JP2515397B2 JP2515397B2 (en) | 1996-07-10 |
Family
ID=15691606
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15933689A Expired - Fee Related JP2515397B2 (en) | 1989-06-21 | 1989-06-21 | Cement admixture and cement composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2515397B2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1211146A1 (en) | 1996-10-18 | 2002-06-05 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Air bag apparatus |
| JP2008179504A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-08-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | Blast furnace slag cement |
| JP2008201656A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-09-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Sulfate-resisting cement |
| JP2008292187A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-12-04 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Concrete degradation determination method |
| JP2012136434A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2012-07-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | Sulfate-resisting cement |
| GB2521115B (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2018-02-28 | M A S Hbm Ltd | Binder composition for use with aggregates |
-
1989
- 1989-06-21 JP JP15933689A patent/JP2515397B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1211146A1 (en) | 1996-10-18 | 2002-06-05 | Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. | Air bag apparatus |
| JP2008179504A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-08-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | Blast furnace slag cement |
| JP2008201656A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-09-04 | Nippon Steel Corp | Sulfate-resisting cement |
| JP2012136434A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2012-07-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | Sulfate-resisting cement |
| JP2008292187A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-12-04 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Concrete degradation determination method |
| GB2521115B (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2018-02-28 | M A S Hbm Ltd | Binder composition for use with aggregates |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2515397B2 (en) | 1996-07-10 |
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