JPH03280812A - Cooling method in sterilization of mushroom medium - Google Patents
Cooling method in sterilization of mushroom mediumInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03280812A JPH03280812A JP2082333A JP8233390A JPH03280812A JP H03280812 A JPH03280812 A JP H03280812A JP 2082333 A JP2082333 A JP 2082333A JP 8233390 A JP8233390 A JP 8233390A JP H03280812 A JPH03280812 A JP H03280812A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- opening
- sterilization
- medium
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は高温高圧殺菌機を利用したキノコ培地の殺菌処
理における冷却方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a cooling method for sterilizing a mushroom culture medium using a high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer.
従来の技術
従来からエノキダケやシメジダケなとのキノコを人口培
養するために使用される培地としては、オガクズ等が用
いられている。このようなキノコ培地の入った容器を蒸
気式高温高圧殺菌機に装填して殺菌処理する方法として
、例えば第３図に示した例がある。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventionally, sawdust and the like have been used as a medium for artificially culturing mushrooms such as Enokidake and Shimejidake. An example of a method of sterilizing a container containing such a mushroom culture medium by loading it into a steam-type high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer is shown in FIG. 3, for example.
この例の場合、殺菌温度の例えば１１８℃（０８〜０．
９ Ｋｇ／ｃｍ’）に達するまでに連部（Ａ）、保持（
Ｂ）、連部（Ｃ）と３時間を要し、１１８℃を保持して
殺菌（Ｄ）シ、むらしＴＥＩ を行ない殺菌工程を終了
するまでに１時間半を経過する。そして冷却工程におい
て脱気（Ｆ）、冷却（Ｇｌ と自然放冷を行なう場合、
更に３時間が経過して、やっと８５℃程度に冷却される
。In this example, the sterilization temperature is, for example, 118°C (08-0.
9 Kg/cm'), the continuous part (A) and the holding part (
It takes 3 hours for B), continuous section (C), sterilization (D) while maintaining the temperature at 118°C, and uneven TEI, and 1 and a half hours pass by the time the sterilization process is completed. In the cooling process, when deaeration (F), cooling (Gl) and natural cooling are performed,
After another 3 hours, the temperature was finally cooled to about 85°C.
上記実施例に対して出願人は、殺菌方法の改善をするた
め、殺菌工程において真空発生機を利用して一旦殺菌機
内を減圧して蒸気を注入し、常圧まで戻す工程を少なく
とも２回繰返す手段を用い、さらに冷却時に真空冷却手
段を用いることを提案した（特開平１−２８５１２３号
公報）。In order to improve the sterilization method in the above example, the applicant used a vacuum generator in the sterilization process to once reduce the pressure inside the sterilizer, inject steam, and repeat the process of returning it to normal pressure at least twice. In addition, it was proposed to use vacuum cooling means during cooling (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1-285123).
発明が解決しようとする課題
しかし、上記従来例の内、冷却工程において、自然放冷
を行なう場合は、７時間以上をかけて冷却され、この冷
却工程を終了した段階で８５℃程度に冷却されるに過ぎ
ず、直ちに培地にキノコ菌等の植付けができない。従っ
て、さらに１晩冷蔵庫に保管する等の長時間を必要とす
るという難点がみられた。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above-mentioned conventional example, when natural cooling is performed in the cooling process, cooling takes more than 7 hours, and at the end of this cooling process, it is cooled to about 85°C. Therefore, it is not possible to immediately plant mushrooms, etc. in the culture medium. Therefore, there was a problem in that it required a long period of time, such as storing it in a refrigerator overnight.
さらに真空発生機を用いた殺菌工程及び真空冷却をする
場合、時間短縮は実現できるものの、急速な冷却をする
と、培地が自己蒸発することによって突沸現象が生じ、
培地を装填した容器の蓋とびが生じたり、キノコ菌の培
養後、キノコ菌の芽出しが悪くなり収率低下が生じたり
、さらに培地の穴つぶれが発生して菌糸の回りが悪くな
り、収率が低下する等の問題点が発生する。Furthermore, when performing the sterilization process using a vacuum generator and vacuum cooling, although the time can be shortened, rapid cooling causes self-evaporation of the culture medium, causing a bumping phenomenon.
The lid of the container loaded with the culture medium may pop, the mushroom germination may be poor after culturing the mushroom fungus, resulting in a decrease in yield, and the hole in the culture medium may become clogged, resulting in poor mycelium rotation, resulting in a reduction in yield. Problems such as a decrease in performance occur.
本発明の目的は上記のような問題点を解消し、殺菌工程
から冷却工程を終了するまでの時間をさらに短縮すると
共に突沸現象の生じない冷却方法を提供しようとするも
のである。An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and provide a cooling method that further shortens the time from the sterilization step to the end of the cooling step and does not cause bumping.
課題を解決するための手段
本発明は上記目的を達成するため、第１発明として、キ
ノコ用培地をプラスチ・ンク製容器に詰め、この容器を
蒸気式高温高圧殺菌機に装填して殺菌処理する方法にお
いて、殺菌後１００℃まで冷却する降圧時と、１００℃
から常温（２５℃程度）以下まで冷却する真空冷却時と
の両工程において、排気経路に設けた開度調節弁を利用
して、経時的に複数段に亘って弁の開度を大きくし、冷
却速度を調節するようにしたキノコ培地の殺菌処理にお
ける冷却方法とした。Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides, as a first invention, a mushroom culture medium is packed in a plastic container, and the container is loaded into a steam-type high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer for sterilization. In the method, after sterilization, the pressure is lowered to 100℃, and when the pressure is lowered to 100℃
In both the vacuum cooling process, which cools the product from below to room temperature (approximately 25°C), the opening degree of the valve is increased in multiple stages over time using an opening adjustment valve installed in the exhaust path. A cooling method for sterilizing a mushroom culture medium that adjusts the cooling rate.
又、第２発明として、真空冷却時において、１００℃（
７６０Ｔｏｒｒ）から６０℃（１５０Ｔｏｒｒ）までの
間で段階的に開度調節弁の開度を太きくし、６０℃以下
では全開としたキノコ培地の殺菌処理における冷却方法
とした。In addition, as a second invention, during vacuum cooling, the temperature at 100°C (
The opening of the opening control valve was gradually increased from 760 Torr to 60° C. (150 Torr), and the valve was fully opened below 60° C. as a cooling method for sterilizing a mushroom culture medium.
作 用
本発明では、殺菌後高温高圧殺菌機内の温度を１００℃
（７６０Ｔｏｒｒ）まで冷却する降圧時と、１００℃か
ら常温（２５℃程度）以下まで冷却する真空冷却時との
両工程において、経時的に複数段に亘って開度調節弁の
開度な大きくして排気量を増太し、降圧すると共に冷却
スピードを上げるようにしているので、プラスチックス
製容器に詰められた培地が安定した状態で短時間に冷却
される。Function In the present invention, after sterilization, the temperature inside the high-temperature high-pressure sterilizer is set to 100°C.
The opening of the opening control valve is increased over time in multiple stages during both the pressure-reducing process (cooling down to 760 Torr) and the vacuum cooling process (cooling from 100°C to below room temperature (approximately 25°C)). This increases the exhaust volume, lowers the pressure, and increases the cooling speed, so the culture medium packed in the plastic container is cooled in a stable state in a short time.
真空冷却時の６０℃（１５０Ｔｏｒｒ）以下においては
、開度調節弁を全開としても冷却速度が遅くなる。従っ
て、本発明の第２発明では１００℃（７６０Ｔｏｒｒ）
以下６０℃（１５０Ｔｏｒｒ）程度までの間で段階的な
弁の開度調整をすることによって冷却速度を速くするよ
うにしている。At temperatures below 60° C. (150 Torr) during vacuum cooling, the cooling rate becomes slow even if the opening control valve is fully opened. Therefore, in the second invention of the present invention, the temperature is 100°C (760 Torr).
The cooling rate is increased by adjusting the opening of the valve in stages up to about 60° C. (150 Torr).
実施例 以下、実施例として示した図面に従って説明する。Example Hereinafter, explanation will be made according to the drawings shown as examples.
第１図は蒸気式高温高圧殺菌機を用いて殺菌、冷却する
場合のフローチャートを示すもので、（イ）は殺菌機内
の温度を示し、（ロ）は圧力を示すグラフである。殺菌
工程は左側より右側へ進行し、先ず殺菌機内な脱気し、
蒸気を注入して昇温する。−度域圧して脱気し、再び蒸
気を注入して昇温する。温度は例えば１１８℃に達して
保持され殺菌される。FIG. 1 shows a flowchart for sterilization and cooling using a steam-type high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer, in which (a) shows the temperature inside the sterilizer, and (b) shows the pressure. The sterilization process progresses from the left side to the right side. First, the inside of the sterilizer is degassed,
Steam is injected to raise the temperature. It is degassed to -degree pressure, and then steam is injected again to raise the temperature. The temperature is maintained at, for example, 118°C for sterilization.
上記のように真空発生機を利用した減圧と蒸気注入をす
ることにより、殺菌温度への到達とキノコ内部への十分
な殺菌作用が行なえると共に時間短縮が実現できる。お
よそ１時間の経過で殺菌温度へ到達でき、約５０分の殺
菌工程が行なわれる。As described above, by reducing the pressure using a vacuum generator and injecting steam, it is possible to reach the sterilization temperature and perform a sufficient sterilization effect on the inside of the mushroom, and it is also possible to shorten the time. The sterilization temperature can be reached in about 1 hour, and the sterilization process takes about 50 minutes.
次いで、冷却工程に入る。第１図中、（Ａ） 、 （Ｂ
ｌ、（Ｃ）で示したのは、それぞれ温度（イ）の降圧工
程（Ａ）、徐冷工程（Ｂ）及び急冷工程（Ｃ）であり、
それぞれ圧力（ロ）の減圧（ａ） （ｂ）が行なわれ、
同時に開度調節弁の段階的な開度調節により、冷却スピ
ードが向上する。減圧（ａ）と（ｂ）における開度調節
弁の開度と時間の関係は下記衣に示すようにした。Next, a cooling process begins. In Figure 1, (A), (B
1 and (C) are the pressure lowering step (A), slow cooling step (B), and rapid cooling step (C) of temperature (A), respectively.
The pressure (b) is reduced (a) and (b) respectively,
At the same time, the cooling speed is improved by adjusting the opening degree of the opening degree control valve in stages. The relationship between the opening degree of the opening degree control valve and the time in pressure reduction (a) and (b) was as shown below.
オガクズを生体とした培地をプラスチック容器に入れて
、高温高圧殺菌機により１１８℃（０，９Ｋｇ／ｃｍ’
Ｇ）で殺菌後、１００℃（ＯＫｇ／ｃｍ’ Ｇ ）まで
降圧工程（Ａ）をし、降圧工程（Ａ）を合計４７０秒行
ない、その間開度調節弁の開度な２０％、３０％、４０
％、５０％と４段階に分けて徐々に大きくし、１１８℃
から１００℃（７６０Ｔｏｒｒ）までの冷却を行なって
いる。A culture medium containing living sawdust was placed in a plastic container and sterilized at 118℃ (0.9Kg/cm') using a high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer.
After sterilization in G), the pressure is lowered to 100°C (OKg/cm'G), and the pressure lowering step (A) is carried out for a total of 470 seconds, during which time the opening of the opening control valve is adjusted to 20%, 30%, 40
%, 50% and gradually increase the temperature to 118℃.
Cooling is performed from 100° C. to 760 Torr.
徐冷工程（Ｂ）においても同様に開度を３０〜８０％の
４段階に分けて徐々に太きくし、１００”Ｃ（７６０Ｔ
ｏｒｒ）から６０℃（１５０Ｔｏｒｒ）まで４７０秒で
行なっている。In the slow cooling step (B), the degree of opening is similarly divided into four stages from 30% to 80% and gradually increased to 100"C (760T).
orr) to 60° C. (150 Torr) in 470 seconds.
このようにすることにより、プラスチック容器内の培地
の冷却工程は確実にしかも迅速に行なわれ、その間突沸
現象が生じることがない。６０℃（１５０Ｔｏｒｒ）以
下では開度調節弁を全開として冷却するようにした。By doing so, the cooling process of the culture medium in the plastic container is carried out reliably and quickly, and no bumping phenomenon occurs during this process. At temperatures below 60° C. (150 Torr), the opening control valve was fully opened for cooling.
従って、全体の殺菌、冷却工程を含めて２時間３０分で
完了するとともに、殺菌機から出た培地の温度を４０℃
以下にまで下げることができた。Therefore, the entire sterilization and cooling process, including the cooling process, can be completed in 2 hours and 30 minutes, and the temperature of the culture medium released from the sterilizer can be increased to 40℃.
I was able to lower it to below.
第２図に示したのは、高温高圧殺菌機の要部説明図で、
１は殺菌機、２は蒸気入口、３は空気入口、４は真空発
生機、５は熱交換器である。Figure 2 shows an explanatory diagram of the main parts of a high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer.
1 is a sterilizer, 2 is a steam inlet, 3 is an air inlet, 4 is a vacuum generator, and 5 is a heat exchanger.
６は開度調節弁で、排気経路中に設けられ、前記衣に示
した４段階又はその他の段階的な開度調節が可能な弁で
ある。この開度調節弁６の開度により、殺菌機ｌ内の排
気量を調節するようにしている。７はバイパス弁である
。Reference numeral 6 denotes an opening adjustment valve, which is provided in the exhaust path and is capable of adjusting the opening in four stages as shown in the above-mentioned case or in other stages. The amount of exhaust air inside the sterilizer 1 is adjusted by the opening degree of the opening degree regulating valve 6. 7 is a bypass valve.
発明の効果
本発明は上記のように殺菌後の冷却工程において、降圧
時及び真空冷却時のいずれの段階においても、排気経路
に設けた開度調節弁を利用して、経時的に複数段階に亘
り、弁の開度を大きくすることにより、冷却速度を速く
し、突沸現象もなく全体の殺菌、冷却工程の時間を大き
く短縮するとともに殺菌機から出た段階の培地温度が４
０”Ｃ以下となり、直ちに植菌をすることができるよう
になる等その効果は太きい。Effects of the Invention As described above, the present invention utilizes an opening control valve provided in the exhaust path to perform multiple stages over time in the cooling process after sterilization, both during pressure reduction and vacuum cooling. By increasing the opening degree of the valve, the cooling rate is increased, there is no bumping phenomenon, the overall sterilization and cooling process time is greatly shortened, and the temperature of the medium at the stage of exiting from the sterilizer is 4.
The effects are significant, as the temperature drops below 0''C, allowing for immediate inoculation.
第１図は本発明のフローチャート、第２図は蒸気式高温
高圧殺菌機の要部説明図、第３図は従来例のフローチャ
ートである。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the main parts of a steam-type high-temperature and high-pressure sterilizer, and FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a conventional example.
Claims (2)
容器を蒸気式高温高圧殺菌機に装填して殺菌処理する方
法において、殺菌後１００℃まで冷却する降圧時と、１
００℃から常温（２５℃程度）以下まで冷却する真空冷
却時との両工程において、排気経路に設けた開度調節弁
を利用して、経時的に複数段に亘って弁の開度を大きく
し、冷却速度を調節するようにしたことを特徴とするキ
ノコ培地の殺菌処理における冷却方法。(1) In the method of sterilizing a mushroom culture medium by filling a plastic container and loading this container into a steam-type high-temperature high-pressure sterilizer, there are two steps: 1.
During both the vacuum cooling process, which cools from 00°C to room temperature (approximately 25°C), the opening adjustment valve installed in the exhaust path is used to increase the opening of the valve in multiple stages over time. A cooling method for sterilizing a mushroom culture medium, characterized in that the cooling rate is adjusted.
）から６０℃（１５０Ｔｏｒｒ）までの間で段階的に開
度調節弁の開度を大きくし、６０℃以下では全開とした
ことを特徴とするキノコ培地の殺菌処理における冷却方
法。(2) At 100°C (760 Torr) during vacuum cooling.
) to 60°C (150 Torr), the opening of the opening control valve is gradually increased, and the opening is fully opened below 60°C.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2082333A JPH03280812A (en) | 1990-03-28 | 1990-03-28 | Cooling method in sterilization of mushroom medium |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2082333A JPH03280812A (en) | 1990-03-28 | 1990-03-28 | Cooling method in sterilization of mushroom medium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03280812A true JPH03280812A (en) | 1991-12-11 |
Family
ID=13771636
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2082333A Pending JPH03280812A (en) | 1990-03-28 | 1990-03-28 | Cooling method in sterilization of mushroom medium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03280812A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2520159B1 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2016-08-17 | Cedar Spring International | A method of transporting compost |
| CN108739066A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-11-06 | 山西农业大学 | A kind of lentinus edodes strain stick high pressure steam sterilization method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63209515A (en) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-08-31 | カネボウ株式会社 | Production of culture medium for culturing mushroom |
| JPH01285123A (en) * | 1988-05-09 | 1989-11-16 | Hisaka Works Ltd | Method for sterilizing container of culture medium for cultivating mushroom |
-
1990
- 1990-03-28 JP JP2082333A patent/JPH03280812A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63209515A (en) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-08-31 | カネボウ株式会社 | Production of culture medium for culturing mushroom |
| JPH01285123A (en) * | 1988-05-09 | 1989-11-16 | Hisaka Works Ltd | Method for sterilizing container of culture medium for cultivating mushroom |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2520159B1 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2016-08-17 | Cedar Spring International | A method of transporting compost |
| EP2596698B1 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2016-09-14 | Cedar Spring International | A method of transporting compost |
| CN108739066A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-11-06 | 山西农业大学 | A kind of lentinus edodes strain stick high pressure steam sterilization method |
| CN108739066B (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2020-05-19 | 山西农业大学 | High-pressure steam sterilization method for mushroom sticks |
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