JPH0327878A - Magnetic stirring welding method - Google Patents
Magnetic stirring welding methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0327878A JPH0327878A JP16024589A JP16024589A JPH0327878A JP H0327878 A JPH0327878 A JP H0327878A JP 16024589 A JP16024589 A JP 16024589A JP 16024589 A JP16024589 A JP 16024589A JP H0327878 A JPH0327878 A JP H0327878A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- molten pool
- rear end
- welding torch
- arc
- welding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
Description
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は磁気撹拌溶接方法に関するものである。
［従来の技術］
従来の磁気撹拌溶接方法を第４図〜第８図を用いて説明
する。
図中ｌは溶接しようとする材料２の突き合せ部分に形成
された開先、３は溶接台車、４は溶接台車３に設けられ
た溶接トーチ、５は溶接トーチ４にアーク電流を供給す
るアーク電源、６は溶接トーチ４の外周に配設された誘
導コイル、７は誘導コイルＢにコイル電流を供給するコ
イル電源、８はコイル電源７を制御する周期発生器、９
は図示しない溶接台車３の駆動装置に電流を供給する走
行用電源、ｌＯは溶接ワイヤ、ｌｌは溶接ワイヤ送給ロ
ーラ、ｌ２はワイヤチップ、ｌ３はアーク、ｌ４は溶融
プール、ｌ５は溶着金属である。
第８図のタイムチャートに示すように、走行用電源９に
より図示しない溶接台車３の駆動装置に電流を供給して
、溶接台車３を開先ｌに沿って一定速度で前進させる。
これと同時にアーク電源５により溶接トーチ４に所定の
アーク電流を供給し、溶接トーチ４からアークｌ３を発
生させて溶接ワイヤｌＯを開先ｌに溶かし込み、開先ｌ
に溶融ブールｌ４を形成させる。
更に同時に、周期発生器８からの発生周期に従い、コイ
ル電源７により誘導コイル６に＋、一の極性が交互に変
化するコイル電流を供給して、溶融プール１４に磁気極
性が交互に変化する交番磁界を掛ける。
このようにすることによって、開先Ｉに沿って前方に次
々と新たな溶融プールｌ４が形成されて行き、各溶融ブ
ールｌ４は誘導コイルＢが発生する磁気により撹拌力Ｆ
が与えられ撹拌されてから次々と固化して行くので、結
晶の微細な溶着金属ｌ５が形威されて良好な継手が得ら
れる。
このとき、溶融プールｌ４に交番磁界を掛けることによ
り、撹拌力Ｆの方向が交互に逆転されるので、溶融プー
ルｌ４は一方向にのみ撹拌される場合に比べて高い撹拌
効果が得られる。
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
しかしながら上記従来の磁気撹拌溶接方法では、以下の
ような問題があった。
即ち、溶接される材料２としてステンレス鋼を使用した
場合、開先ｌに形威された溶着金属１５が超音波を通し
にくい性質を持ってしまうため、溶着金属ｌ５に対する
超音波探傷検査を行うことができなかった。
そこで、ステンレス鋼の開先ｌに形成された溶着金属ｌ
５を調べた結果、第９図に示すように溶着金属Ｉ５の中
央部に開先ｌ長手方向に延びる柱状晶ｔｅが形成され、
該柱状晶１Ｂが超音波の通りを妨げていることがわかっ
た。
何故、ステンレス鋼を用いた場合に限りこのような柱状
品ｔｅが形成されるのかについては、現在のところ明確
な原因はわかっていないが、もともと溶融プールｌ４は
開先ｌに沿って前後に細長い形となってしまうので、磁
気による撹拌力Ｆが均一に与えられず、中心に比べて前
後端の方が撹拌力が弱くなる傾向があることから、撹拌
力の弱い溶融プールｌ４の後端部にステンレス鋼特有の
物理的、冶金的性質によって柱状晶ｌ６が発生し、これ
が開先ｌ長手方向に成長して行くものと考えられている
。
又、このような柱状品１Ｂについて更に調べて行くと、
超音波を通しにくいという性質に加えて、溶着金属ｌ５
の強度に悪影響を及ぼして溶接継手の品質を低下させる
という性質があることがわかった。
本発明は上述の実情に鑑み、柱状晶の形成を阻止するこ
とにより、超音波探傷を可能とし、且つ溶接の品質を向
上し得るようにした磁気撹拌溶接方法を提供することを
目的とするものである。
［課題を解決するための手段］
本発明は溶接トーチが発生するアークにより開先に溶融
プールを形成すると共に、誘導コイルが発生する磁気に
より溶融プールに撹拌力を与える磁気撹拌溶接方法にお
いて、溶接トーチを停止状態として開先に溶融プールを
形成した後アークを弱め溶接トーチを一旦溶融プールの
後端位置まで後退させて、該後端位置に誘導コイルが発
生する磁気による撹拌力を与え、その後アークを弱めて
撹拌力を与えた状態のまま溶接トーチを前記停止状態の
ときの位置より前へ前進させ、以後、前記の各操作を繰
返し行うことにより溶接を進めて行くことを特徴とする
磁気撹拌溶接方法にかかるものである。
［作 用］
溶接トーチを停止状態として溶融プールを形成した後、
アークを弱めた溶接トーチを溶融プールの後端位置まで
後退させて磁気による撹拌力を与えるようにすると、溶
融プールの後端は固化する直前まで撹拌されることにな
るので、柱状晶の発生が妨げられ、且つ結晶が微細化す
る。
次いで溶接トーチをアークを弱めて磁気による撹拌力を
与えた状態のままで前進させて行くと、同様に溶接プー
ルの各部は固化する直前まで撹拌されることになるので
、開先長手方向に対する柱状晶の発生及び成長が妨げら
れ、且つ結晶が微細化する。
［実 施 例］
以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照しつつ説明する。
第１図〜第３図は本発明の一実施例であり、第１図は本
発明の方法を実施する装置の一例である。
又、図中第４図〜第８図と同一の符号を付した部分は同
一物を表わしているので説明を省略する。
又、図中ｌ７はアーク電源５とコイル電源７と走行用電
源９を同期制御する制御装置、ｌ８は制御条件の入力装
置、１９．２０はアーク電流及びコイル電流のフィード
バック制御用の電流計であり、入力装置ｌ８に設定され
た制御条件に従って制御装置｛７がアーク電源５とコイ
ル電ｉＷ７と走行用電源９を同期制御するようになって
おり、且つアーク電流及びコイル電流は電流計１９．２
０からの検出値に基づいてフィードバック制御されるよ
うになっている。
第３図のタイムチャートに示すように、走行用電源９か
らの電流をＯとして溶接台車３ （つまり溶接トーチ４
）を位置イにおいて停止状態とし、アーク電源５により
溶接トーチ４に所定のアーク電流を供給して溶接トーチ
４に強いアークｌ３を発生させアークｌ３により溶接ワ
イヤｌＯを開先ｌに溶かし込んで開先ｌに溶融プールｌ
４を形成させる。
このとき同時にコイル電源７により誘導コイルＢにコイ
ル電流を供給して、誘導コイルＢに磁界を発生させ磁力
によって溶融ブールｌ４を撹拌させる。
溶融ブール１４が形威されたら、コイル電流を維持して
溶融プールｌ４に与える撹拌力の方向を一定に保持した
ままアーク電流を減少することによりアークｌ３を弱め
て、溶接トーチ４を一旦溶融プールｌ４の後端位置ロま
で後退させ、後端位置ロ部分に撹拌力Ｆのみを与える。
以上のようにして後鴫位置ロを撹拌した後、アークｌ３
を弱め一定方向の撹拌力Ｆを与えるようにした状態のま
まの溶接トーチ４を、停止状態のときの位置イより前の
位置、例えば溶融プールｌ４の先端位置ハまで前進させ
、開先ｌに沿って溶融プニルｌ４後端位置ロから先端位
置ノ）まで撹拌して行く。
溶接トーチ４が位置ハに達したら、再び溶接トーチ４を
位置ハにおいて停止状態とし、コイル電流の＋、一の極
性のみを反対にして上記と同様の操作を行い、以後は、
上記と同様の操作を交互に繰返す。
このように溶接トーチ４を位置イにおいて停止状態とす
ることによって溶融プールｌ４を形成した後、アークｌ
３を弱めた溶接トーチ４を溶融プールｌ４の後端位置ロ
まで後退させて、位置ロに磁気による撹拌力Ｆを与える
ようにすると、後端位置ロは固化して溶着金属ｌ５と成
る直前まで撹拌されることになるので、柱状品の発生が
妨げられ、且つ後端位置ロの結晶が微細化する。
次いで、溶接トーチ４をアークｌ３を弱めて磁気による
撹拌力Ｆを与えた状態のままで、位置八まで前進させて
行くと、同様に溶融ブールｌ４の各部は固化して溶着金
属ｌ５と成る直前まで撹拌されることになるので開先ｌ
長手方向に対する柱状品の発生及び成長が妨げられ、且
つ後端位置口から先端位置ハまでの結晶が微細化する。
尚、本発明の磁気撹拌溶接方法は、上述の実施例にのみ
限定されるものではなく、ステンレス鋼以外の材料に対
して適用した場合には品質の良い溶接継手が得られるこ
と、撹拌力は溶接トーチが後退及び前進する間に与えら
れていればコイル電流の方向や周期は問わないこと、そ
の他本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更
を加え得ることは勿論である。[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a magnetic stir welding method. [Prior Art] A conventional magnetic stirring welding method will be explained using FIGS. 4 to 8. In the figure, l indicates a groove formed in the butt part of the materials 2 to be welded, 3 indicates a welding truck, 4 indicates a welding torch provided on the welding platform 3, and 5 indicates an arc that supplies arc current to the welding torch 4. A power source 6 is an induction coil disposed around the outer periphery of the welding torch 4, 7 is a coil power source that supplies coil current to the induction coil B, 8 is a period generator that controls the coil power source 7, 9
is a running power source that supplies current to the drive device of the welding cart 3 (not shown), IO is a welding wire, 11 is a welding wire feeding roller, 12 is a wire tip, 13 is an arc, 14 is a molten pool, and 15 is a weld metal. be. As shown in the time chart of FIG. 8, current is supplied from the running power source 9 to a drive device (not shown) for the welding cart 3 to move the welding cart 3 forward along the groove l at a constant speed. At the same time, a predetermined arc current is supplied to the welding torch 4 by the arc power source 5, the arc l3 is generated from the welding torch 4, the welding wire lO is melted into the groove l, and the welding wire lO is melted into the groove l.
to form a molten boule l4. Furthermore, at the same time, according to the generation cycle from the period generator 8, the coil power supply 7 supplies the induction coil 6 with a coil current in which the polarity of + and - changes alternately, so that the molten pool 14 receives an alternating current in which the magnetic polarity changes alternately. Apply a magnetic field. By doing this, new molten pools l4 are successively formed forward along the groove I, and each molten boule l4 is stirred by the stirring force F due to the magnetism generated by the induction coil B.
is applied and stirred, and then solidified one after another, so that the fine crystalline weld metal 15 is formed and a good joint is obtained. At this time, by applying an alternating magnetic field to the melt pool l4, the direction of the stirring force F is alternately reversed, so that a higher stirring effect can be obtained than when the melt pool l4 is stirred only in one direction. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the conventional magnetic stirring welding method described above has the following problems. That is, when stainless steel is used as the material 2 to be welded, the weld metal 15 formed in the groove l has a property that makes it difficult for ultrasonic waves to pass through, so it is necessary to perform an ultrasonic flaw detection inspection on the weld metal l5. I couldn't do it. Therefore, the weld metal l formed on the stainless steel groove l
As a result of examining 5, as shown in FIG. 9, columnar crystals te extending in the longitudinal direction of the groove l were formed in the center of the weld metal I5,
It was found that the columnar crystals 1B blocked the passage of ultrasonic waves. At present, there is no clear reason as to why such columnar products te are formed only when stainless steel is used, but the molten pool l4 is originally elongated back and forth along the groove l. Because of this, the magnetic stirring force F is not applied uniformly, and the stirring force tends to be weaker at the front and rear ends than at the center. It is believed that columnar crystals 16 are generated due to the physical and metallurgical properties specific to stainless steel, and these grow in the longitudinal direction of the groove l. Also, if we further investigate this kind of columnar product 1B, we will find that
In addition to the property of not allowing ultrasonic waves to pass through, the weld metal l5
It was found that this property has a negative effect on the strength of the welded joint and reduces the quality of the welded joint. In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic stirring welding method that enables ultrasonic flaw detection and improves the quality of welding by preventing the formation of columnar crystals. It is. [Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides a magnetic stirring welding method in which a molten pool is formed in the groove by an arc generated by a welding torch, and a stirring force is applied to the molten pool by magnetism generated by an induction coil. After the torch is stopped and a molten pool is formed at the groove, the arc is weakened and the welding torch is temporarily retreated to the rear end position of the molten pool, and a magnetic stirring force generated by the induction coil is applied to the rear end position, and then A magnetic method characterized by moving the welding torch forward from the position in the stopped state while weakening the arc and applying stirring force, and thereafter proceeding with welding by repeating each of the above operations. This involves a stirring welding method. [Operation] After the welding torch is stopped and a molten pool is formed,
If the welding torch with a weakened arc is moved back to the rear end of the molten pool and magnetic stirring force is applied, the rear end of the molten pool will be stirred until just before solidification, which will prevent the formation of columnar crystals. This is hindered and the crystals become finer. Next, when the welding torch is moved forward with the arc weakened and magnetic stirring force applied, each part of the weld pool is similarly stirred until just before solidification, so that the columnar shape in the longitudinal direction of the groove The generation and growth of crystals are hindered, and the crystals become finer. [Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention. Also, parts in the drawings that are denoted by the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 4 to 8 represent the same parts, and therefore their explanations will be omitted. In the figure, l7 is a control device that synchronously controls the arc power source 5, coil power source 7, and running power source 9, l8 is a control condition input device, and 19.20 is an ammeter for feedback control of the arc current and coil current. The control device {7 is configured to synchronously control the arc power source 5, the coil electric current iW7, and the running power source 9 according to the control conditions set in the input device l8, and the arc current and coil current are measured by an ammeter 19. 2
Feedback control is performed based on the detected value from 0. As shown in the time chart of FIG. 3, the current from the running power source 9 is
) is stopped at position A, a predetermined arc current is supplied to the welding torch 4 by the arc power source 5, a strong arc l3 is generated in the welding torch 4, and the welding wire l0 is melted into the groove l by the arc l3 and opened. Melt pool at the tip
Form 4. At the same time, a coil current is supplied to the induction coil B by the coil power supply 7 to generate a magnetic field in the induction coil B, and the molten boule 14 is stirred by the magnetic force. Once the molten boule 14 is formed, the arc 13 is weakened by reducing the arc current while maintaining the coil current and the direction of the stirring force applied to the molten pool 14, and the welding torch 4 is temporarily moved to the molten pool. 14 to the rear end position B, and only the stirring force F is applied to the rear end position B. After stirring the rear position B as described above, the arc l3
The welding torch 4, which is still in the state where the stirring force F is weakened and applied in a certain direction, is advanced to a position before the position A in the stopped state, for example, to the tip position C of the molten pool L4, and is applied to the groove L. The molten Pnil l4 is stirred from the rear end position (b) to the leading end position (b). When the welding torch 4 reaches position C, the welding torch 4 is stopped again at position C, and the same operation as above is performed by reversing only the + and - polarities of the coil current.
Repeat the same operations as above alternately. After forming the molten pool l4 by stopping the welding torch 4 at position A in this way, the arc l
When the welding torch 4 weakened from 3 is retreated to the rear end position B of the molten pool l4 and magnetic stirring force F is applied to position B, the rear end position B solidifies until just before it becomes weld metal l5. Since it is stirred, the generation of columnar products is prevented, and the crystals at the rear end position B are made finer. Next, when the welding torch 4 is advanced to position 8 while weakening the arc 13 and applying magnetic stirring force F, each part of the molten boule 14 similarly solidifies just before becoming weld metal 15. The groove will be stirred until
The generation and growth of columnar products in the longitudinal direction are prevented, and the crystals from the rear end position C to the tip position C become finer. It should be noted that the magnetic stirring welding method of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but when applied to materials other than stainless steel, it is possible to obtain welded joints of good quality, and the stirring force is It goes without saying that the direction and cycle of the coil current does not matter as long as it is applied while the welding torch is moving backward and forward, and that various other changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
以上説明したように、本発明の磁気撹拌溶接方法によれ
ば、下記の如き種々の優れた効果を奏し得る。
■ 溶融プールの形或と溶融プールの撹拌を夫々交互に
重点的に行うようにしたので、溶融プールの各部を固化
する直前まで撹拌することが可能となり、溶着金属の内
部に柱状晶が形威されるのを防止できる。
■ 前記■により、溶着金属の内部で柱状晶によって超
音波の通りを妨げられることがなくなるので、超音波探
傷を行うことができるようになる。
■ 前記■により、溶着金属内部の結晶が微細化される
ので溶接継手の品質を向上することができる。As explained above, according to the magnetic stirring welding method of the present invention, various excellent effects as described below can be achieved. ■ The shape of the molten pool and the agitation of the molten pool are alternately focused, making it possible to agitate each part of the molten pool until just before it solidifies, resulting in the formation of columnar crystals inside the weld metal. You can prevent this from happening. (2) According to (1) above, the passage of ultrasonic waves is not obstructed by columnar crystals inside the weld metal, so ultrasonic flaw detection can be performed. (2) The quality of the welded joint can be improved because the crystals inside the weld metal are made finer by (2).
第１図は本発明の方法を実施する装置の一例を示す概略
側面図、第２図は第１図を■−■方向から見た図、第３
図は本発明の方法を実施する際のタイムチャート、第４
図は従来の方法を実施する装置の概略側面図、第５図は
第４図をｖ−ｖ方向から見た図、第６図は第５図をＶｌ
一■方向から見た図、第７図は第５図及び第６図の斜視
図、第８図は従来の方法を実施する際のタイムチャート
、第９図は柱状晶を説明する第６図と同様の図である。
図中１は開先、４は溶接トーチ、６は誘導コイル、ｌ３
はアーク、ｌ４は溶融プール、イは停止状態における位
置、口は後端位置、ハは先端位置、Ｆは撹拌力を示す。FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view of FIG. 1 viewed from the ■-■ direction, and FIG.
The figure is a time chart when implementing the method of the present invention, No. 4
The figure is a schematic side view of an apparatus for implementing the conventional method, FIG. 5 is a view of FIG. 4 seen from the v-v direction, and FIG. 6 is a view of FIG.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of Figures 5 and 6, Figure 8 is a time chart for carrying out the conventional method, Figure 9 is Figure 6 explaining columnar crystals. This is a similar diagram. In the figure, 1 is the groove, 4 is the welding torch, 6 is the induction coil, l3
is the arc, l4 is the molten pool, A is the position in the stopped state, the mouth is the rear end position, C is the tip position, and F is the stirring force.
Claims (1)
ルを形成すると共に、誘導コイルが発生する磁気により
溶融プールに撹拌力を与える磁気撹拌溶接方法において
、溶接トーチを停止状態として開先に溶融プールを形成
した後アークを弱め溶接トーチを一旦溶融プールの後端
位置まで後退させて、該後端位置に誘導コイルが発生す
る磁気による撹拌力を与え、その後アークを弱めて撹拌
力を与えた状態のまま溶接トーチを前記停止状態のとき
の位置より前へ前進させ、以後、前記の各操作を繰返し
行うことにより溶接を進めて行くことを特徴とする磁気
撹拌溶接方法。1) In the magnetic stirring welding method, a molten pool is formed in the groove by the arc generated by the welding torch, and a stirring force is applied to the molten pool by the magnetism generated by the induction coil. After forming, the arc is weakened and the welding torch is temporarily retreated to the rear end position of the molten pool, and a stirring force generated by the magnetism generated by the induction coil is applied to the rear end position, and then the arc is weakened and stirring force is applied. A magnetic stirring welding method characterized in that the welding torch is moved forward from the position in the stopped state, and thereafter welding is proceeded by repeating each of the above operations.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16024589A JP2636425B2 (en) | 1989-06-22 | 1989-06-22 | Magnetic stirring welding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16024589A JP2636425B2 (en) | 1989-06-22 | 1989-06-22 | Magnetic stirring welding method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0327878A true JPH0327878A (en) | 1991-02-06 |
| JP2636425B2 JP2636425B2 (en) | 1997-07-30 |
Family
ID=15710838
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16024589A Expired - Lifetime JP2636425B2 (en) | 1989-06-22 | 1989-06-22 | Magnetic stirring welding method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2636425B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000312969A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-11-14 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Outer face buttering process of welding joint |
| CN105127570A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-09 | 刘文斌 | Weld joint processing method and device |
| CN110625226A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-31 | 华南理工大学 | K-TIG deep fusion welding control system and method under action of composite magnetic field |
-
1989
- 1989-06-22 JP JP16024589A patent/JP2636425B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000312969A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-11-14 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Outer face buttering process of welding joint |
| CN105127570A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-09 | 刘文斌 | Weld joint processing method and device |
| CN110625226A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-31 | 华南理工大学 | K-TIG deep fusion welding control system and method under action of composite magnetic field |
| CN110625226B (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-05-18 | 华南理工大学 | K-TIG deep fusion welding control system and method under action of composite magnetic field |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2636425B2 (en) | 1997-07-30 |
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