JPH03170600A - Electroviscous fluid - Google Patents
Electroviscous fluidInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03170600A JPH03170600A JP31148389A JP31148389A JPH03170600A JP H03170600 A JPH03170600 A JP H03170600A JP 31148389 A JP31148389 A JP 31148389A JP 31148389 A JP31148389 A JP 31148389A JP H03170600 A JPH03170600 A JP H03170600A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- dispersant
- effect
- acid
- polyhydric alcohol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 29
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 polyol esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O DKCPKDPYUFEZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UUNBFTCKFYBASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)C=1C(=C(C=CC1)NC1=CC=CC=C1)CCCCCCCC UUNBFTCKFYBASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBUCNCOMADRQHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Nitrosodiphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(N=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UBUCNCOMADRQHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 XQVWYOYUZDUNRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JYZIHLWOWKMNNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC=NC2=C1 JYZIHLWOWKMNNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OMAAXMJMHFXYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium trioxidophosphanium Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])=O OMAAXMJMHFXYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013636 polyphenyl ether polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は、電圧印加により粘度を制御しうる電気粘性流
体に関し、特に耐久性の高い電気粘性流体に関し、クラ
ッチ、バルブ、ショックアブソーバー等の機械装置の電
気的制御に適した電気粘性流体に関する。Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an electrorheological fluid whose viscosity can be controlled by applying a voltage, and in particular to a highly durable electrorheological fluid, which can be used in machines such as clutches, valves, shock absorbers, etc. This invention relates to electrorheological fluids suitable for electrical control of devices.
（従来の技術）
電圧の印加により流体の粘度が変化する電気粘性流体（
Ｂｌｅｃｔｒｏ−Ｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ Ｆｌｕｉ
ｄＳＢｌｅｃｔｒｏｖｉｓｃｏｕｓ Ｆｌｕｉｄ，以下
、ＥＲ流体という）は古くから知られている（Ｄｕｆｆ
，八，Ｗ．Ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ Ｒｅｖｉｅｗ Ｖｏ１
， ４ ． Ｎｏ，１（１８９６）２３） ． ＥＲ流
体に関する当初の研究は、液体のみの系に注目したもの
であり、効果も不充分なものであるが、その後固体分散
系のＥＲ流体の研究に移り、かなりの電気粘性効果が得
られるようになった。例えば、Ｗｉｎｓｌｏｗはパラフ
ィンとシリカゲル粉末、それに系を僅かに電導性にする
ために水を使用したＥＲ流体を提案した（ Ｗｉｎｓｌ
ｏｗ， Ｗ』，， Ｊ．ｏｆ Ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ Ｐｈｙ
ｓｉｃｓ， Ｖｏ１．２０（１９４９）１１３７） ．
このｌｌｉｎｓｌｏｗの研究によりＥＲ流体のもつ電気
粘性効果は、ＥＲ効果又はＩｌｉｎｓｌｏｗ効果と呼ば
れている。(Prior technology) Electrorheological fluid (which changes its viscosity by applying voltage)
Blectro-Rheological Flui
dSB Lectroviscous fluid (hereinafter referred to as ER fluid) has been known for a long time (Duff
, 8, W. Physical Review Vol1
, 4. No. 1 (1896) 23). Initially, research on ER fluids focused on liquid-only systems, and the effects were insufficient, but later on, research shifted to solid-dispersion ER fluids, and considerable electrorheological effects were obtained. Became. For example, Winslow proposed an ER fluid using paraffin and silica gel powder, and water to make the system slightly conductive (Winslow
ow, W'', J. of Applied Phys.
sics, Vol. 1.20 (1949) 1137).
The electrorheological effect of the ER fluid based on this Ilinslow research is called the ER effect or the Ilinslow effect.
一方、ＥＲ流体における増粘効果（ＥＲ効果）の発現メ
カニズムの解明も進み、例えばＫｌａｓｓはＥＲ流体中
の分散質である各粒子は、電場内で二層構造の誘電分極
（Ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄ Ｐｏｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ
ｔｈｅ Ｄｏｕｂｌｅ Ｌａｙｅｒ）を生じ、これが主
因であるとしている（ Ｋｌａｓｓ， Ｄ．Ｌ．， ｅ
ｔ ａｌ，， Ｊ．ｏｆ Ａｐｐｌｉｅｄ Ｐｈｙｓｉ
ｃｓ． ＶｏｌＪ８， Ｎｏｔ（１９６７） ６７）
．これを電気二重層（ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ ｄｏｕｂｌｅ
ｌａｙｅｒ ）から説明すると、分散質（シリカゲル
等）の周囲に吸着したイオンは、Ｅ（電場）一〇の時は
分散質の外表面に均一に配置しているが、Ｅ（電場〉＝
有限値の時はイオン分布に片寄りが生じ、各粒子は電場
内で相互に静電気作用を及ぼし合うようになる。このよ
うにして電極間において各粒子がブリッジ（架橋）を形
或、応力に対して剪断抵抗力を生じ、ＥＲ効果を発現す
るようになる。On the other hand, progress has been made in elucidating the mechanism by which the viscosity thickening effect (ER effect) occurs in ER fluids.
the Double Layer), and this is said to be the main cause (Klass, D.L., e.g.
tal,, J. of Applied Physi
cs. VolJ8, Not (1967) 67)
．． This is called an electric double layer.
To explain from the perspective of E (electric field), ions adsorbed around a dispersoid (such as silica gel) are uniformly arranged on the outer surface of the dispersoid when E (electric field) is 10, but when E (electric field) =
When the value is finite, the ion distribution becomes biased, and each particle comes to have an electrostatic effect on each other within the electric field. In this way, each particle forms a bridge (bridge) between the electrodes and generates a shearing resistance against stress, thereby producing an ER effect.
しかしながら、従来のＥＲ流体は電圧印加による迅速か
つ可逆的な粘度変化の応答性、ＥＲ効果の再現性の点、
また増粘効果の大きさや長期にわたる安定性、耐久性等
については未だ充分なものとはいえない。特に、従来の
ＥＲ流体において水分を含有するものは、８０℃以上の
高温領域では水分が蒸発し、増粘効果が減少してくると
いう問題があり、また８０℃以下でも粒子表面の水が移
行することにより安定性、耐久性がなくなるとか、更に
温度上昇によるイオン化の促進、それによる電流の増大
、更なる温度上昇といった多くの問題がある。However, conventional ER fluids have poor responsiveness to rapid and reversible viscosity changes due to voltage application, reproducibility of ER effects,
Furthermore, the magnitude of the thickening effect, long-term stability, durability, etc. are still not satisfactory. In particular, conventional ER fluids that contain water have the problem that the water evaporates in the high temperature range of 80°C or higher, reducing the thickening effect, and even below 80°C, water on the particle surface migrates. This causes many problems such as loss of stability and durability, promotion of ionization due to temperature rise, resulting increase in current, and further temperature rise.
（発明が解決しようとする課題）
本発明者等は、分極剤として水の代わりに多価アルコー
ルを使用することにより高温領域までＥＲ効果を安定さ
せて維持させることができること、更にこの多価アルコ
ールを使用する系に酸化防止剤、腐食防止剤等を添加す
ることにより、更にＥＲ効果の安定性、増粘効果を増大
させることができることを見出し、先に提案（特願平１
−１０６９９７号）したところであるが、本発明はこれ
を更に発展させるものであって、特に耐久性を向上させ
ることができるＥＲ流体の提供を課題とする。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present inventors have discovered that by using a polyhydric alcohol instead of water as a polarizing agent, it is possible to stabilize and maintain the ER effect up to a high temperature range, and that the polyhydric alcohol It was discovered that the stability of the ER effect and the thickening effect could be further increased by adding antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, etc. to the system using
106997), the present invention further develops this and aims to provide an ER fluid that can particularly improve durability.
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本発明のＥＲ流体は、電気絶縁性流体、多孔質固体粒子
、分散剤及び多価アルコール等からなる電気粘性流体に
おいて、分散剤を多孔質固体粒子に対して０．５〜５．
０（重量比）の割合で添加したことを特徴とする。(Means for Solving the Problems) The ER fluid of the present invention is an electrorheological fluid consisting of an electrically insulating fluid, porous solid particles, a dispersant, a polyhydric alcohol, etc. 0.5-5.
It is characterized in that it is added at a ratio of 0 (weight ratio).
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。The present invention will be explained in detail below.
電気絶縁性流体は分散媒として使用され、特に限定はさ
れないが、例えば鉱油、合成潤滑油があり、具体的には
パラフィン系鉱油、ナフテン系鉱油、ポリ−α〜才レフ
ィン、ポリアルキレングリコール、シリコーン、ジエス
テル、ボリオールエステル、燐酸エステル、珪素化合物
、弗素化合物、ポリフェニルエーテル、アルキルベンゼ
ン等の合成炭化水素等のオイルがあげられる。アルヰル
ベンゼンとしては、ベンゼンやトルエンのような芳香族
炭化水素をフリーデルクラフト反応等を利用してアルキ
ル化して、洗剤等の原料を作製する際に副生ずる、主と
してジアルキル化芳香族炭化水素を含有する油であり、
アルキル基としては直釦のもの、また分岐鎖のものいず
れのものでもよい。Electrically insulating fluids are used as dispersion media, and include, but are not limited to, mineral oils and synthetic lubricating oils, specifically paraffinic mineral oils, naphthenic mineral oils, poly-alpha-olefins, polyalkylene glycols, and silicones. , diesters, polyol esters, phosphoric esters, silicon compounds, fluorine compounds, polyphenyl ethers, synthetic hydrocarbons such as alkylbenzenes, and other oils. Alcohol benzene mainly contains dialkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, which are produced as by-products when aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene are alkylated using the Friedel-Crafts reaction to produce raw materials for detergents, etc. oil,
The alkyl group may be either straight or branched.
これらの電気絶縁性流体の粘度範囲は、４０℃において
５ｃＳｔ〜３００ｃＳｔのものが使用できる。These electrically insulating fluids can have a viscosity ranging from 5 cSt to 300 cSt at 40°C.
また分散質としての多孔質固体粒子は、慣用のものが使
用され、例えばシリカゲル、含水性樹脂、ケイソウ土、
アルミナ、シリカーアルミナ、ゼオライト、イオン交換
樹脂、セルロース等を使用できる。これら多孔質固体粒
子は、通常粒径１０ｒｕ＋＋〜２００μｍのものが、分
散媒に対して０，Ｉｗｔ％〜５０ ｗｔ％の割合で使用
される。０， ｌｗｔ％未満ではＥＲ効果が少なく、ま
た５０ ｗｔ％以上であると分散性が悪くなるので好ま
しくない。Further, as the porous solid particles as the dispersoid, commonly used ones are used, such as silica gel, hydrous resin, diatomaceous earth,
Alumina, silica alumina, zeolite, ion exchange resin, cellulose, etc. can be used. These porous solid particles usually have a particle size of 10 ru++ to 200 μm and are used in a proportion of 0.1% to 50% by weight based on the dispersion medium. If it is less than 0.1 wt%, the ER effect will be small, and if it is more than 50 wt%, the dispersibility will deteriorate, which is not preferable.
また本発明のＥＲ流体においては、電気絶縁性流体中に
多孔質固体粒子を均一かつ安定して分散させるために分
散剤が使用される。分散剤は慣用のものが使用される、
例えばスルホネート類、フェネート類、ホスホネート類
、コハク酸イミド類、アミン類、非イオン系分散剤等が
あり、具体的にはマグネシウムスルホネート、カルシウ
ムスルホネート、カルシウムホスホネート、ポリブテニ
ルコハク酸イミド、ソルビタンモノオレート、ソルビタ
ンセスキオレート等がある。Further, in the ER fluid of the present invention, a dispersant is used to uniformly and stably disperse porous solid particles in the electrically insulating fluid. A conventional dispersant is used.
Examples include sulfonates, phenates, phosphonates, succinimides, amines, nonionic dispersants, etc. Specifically, magnesium sulfonate, calcium sulfonate, calcium phosphonate, polybutenyl succinimide, sorbitan monooleate, etc. , sorbitan sesquiolate, etc.
本発明の電気粘性流体は、この分散剤を多孔質分散粒子
に対して０．５〜５．０、好ましくは０．６５〜２ （
重量比）で使用することを特徴とするものである。The electrorheological fluid of the present invention has a dispersant content of 0.5 to 5.0, preferably 0.65 to 2 (
It is characterized in that it is used by weight ratio).
本発明は、分散剤が多孔質粒子に対して重量比で０．５
より少なくても、また５．０を越えても、いずれも電気
粘性流体の耐久性が極度に低下するものである。In the present invention, the weight ratio of the dispersant to the porous particles is 0.5.
If it is less than 5.0 or exceeds 5.0, the durability of the electrorheological fluid will be extremely reduced.
また本発明は、多価アルコールを分極剤として使用する
ものである。Further, the present invention uses polyhydric alcohol as a polarizing agent.
多価アルコールとしては二価アルコール、三価アルコー
ルが有効であり、エチレングリコール、グリセリン、ブ
ロバンジオール、ブタンジオール、ヘキサンジオール等
を使用するとよい。As the polyhydric alcohol, dihydric alcohols and trihydric alcohols are effective, and ethylene glycol, glycerin, brobanediol, butanediol, hexanediol, etc. are preferably used.
また多価アルコール戒分と共に、分極剤として酸、塩、
又は塩基成分を添加してもよい。多価アルコール筬分と
酸、塩、又は塩基或分は、それぞれ単独に使用してもＥ
Ｒ効果を改善することができるが、多価アルコール或分
は高温領域でのＥＲ効果を向上させることができ、また
酸戊分は分極効果を増大させることできるものである。In addition to polyhydric alcohol, acids, salts,
Alternatively, a base component may be added. Even if polyhydric alcohol and acid, salt, or base are used alone,
Although the R effect can be improved, polyhydric alcohols can improve the ER effect in a high temperature range, and acid alcohols can increase the polarization effect.
またこの２戒分を併用してもよく、高温領域でのＥＲ効
果と共に、分極効果を増大させるという相乗効果を奏す
るものである。Further, these two precepts may be used in combination, producing a synergistic effect of increasing the polarization effect as well as the ER effect in the high temperature region.
酸としては、硫酸、塩酸、硝酸、過塩素酸、クロム酸、
リン酸、ホウ酸等の無機酸、或は酢酸、ギ酸、プロビオ
ン酸、酩酸、イソ酩酸、吉草酸、シュウ酸、マロン酸等
の有機酸が使用される。Acids include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, chromic acid,
Inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid and boric acid, or organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, probionic acid, oxalic acid, isocarboxylic acid, valeric acid, oxalic acid, and malonic acid are used.
塩としては、金属または塩基性基（ＮＨ．ＮａＨｓ“等
）と酸基からなる化合物であり、これらはいずれも使用
することができる。なかでも多価アルコール、または多
価アルコールと水に溶解して解離するもの、例えばアル
カリ金属、アルカリ上類金属のハロゲン化物などの典型
的なイオン結晶を形戊するもの、あるいは有機酸のアル
カリ金属塩などが好ましい。この種の塩として、Ｌｉｃ
ｌ，ＮａＣ１，ＫＣＩ，ＭｇＣ］．，ＣａＣＩａ，Ｂａ
Ｃ１ｚ．ＬｉＢｒ，ＮａＢｒ，ＫＢｒ，ＭｇＢｒａ ，
Ｌ ｉ Ｌ Ｎａ Ｉ，ＫＩ，ＡｇＮＯｓ，Ｇａ（Ｎ
Ｏ− ）＊ ，ＮａＮＯ２．ＮＨ４ ＮＯＳ，Ｋ２Ｓ
ｏ．，Ｎａ．Ｓ○４＋ ＮａＨＳ○４，（ＮＨ．）２
Ｓ○４あるいはギ酸、酢酸、シュウ酸、コハク酸など
の金属塩がある。As a salt, it is a compound consisting of a metal or a basic group (such as NH.NaHs) and an acid group, and any of these can be used.Among them, polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric alcohols and water-soluble compounds can be used. For example, those that form typical ionic crystals such as halides of alkali metals and supra-alkali metals, or alkali metal salts of organic acids are preferable.
l, NaCl, KCI, MgC]. , CaCIa, Ba
C1z. LiBr, NaBr, KBr, MgBr,
L i L Na I, KI, AgNOs, Ga(N
O-)*, NaNO2. NH4 NOS, K2S
o. , Na. S○4+ NaHS○4, (NH.)2
There are metal salts such as S○4 or formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, and succinic acid.
本発明で使用する塩基とは、アルカリ金属あるいはアル
カリ土類金属の水酸化物、アルカリ金属の炭酸塩、アミ
ン類などであり、多価アルコール、あるいは多価アルコ
ールと水の系に溶解して解離するものが好ましい。この
種の塩基として、ＮａＯＨ．ＫＯＨ．Ｃａ （○Ｈ）２
，Ｎａ２ＣＯｓ ．ＮａＨＣＯｓ ．Ｋｓ ＰＯ．，
Ｎａｓ Ｐ○，，アニリン、アルキルアミン、エタノー
ルアミンなどがある。なお、本発明において、前記した
塩と塩基を併用することができる。The base used in the present invention is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, an alkali metal carbonate, amines, etc., and is dissolved in a polyhydric alcohol or a system of polyhydric alcohol and water and dissociated. Preferably. Bases of this type include NaOH. KOH. Ca (○H)2
, Na2COs. NaHCOs. Ks PO. ，
Examples include Nas P○, aniline, alkylamine, and ethanolamine. In addition, in this invention, the above-mentioned salt and base can be used together.
酸、塩、塩基類は、通常電気粘性流体全体に対して０．
Ｏｌｗｔ％〜５ｗｔ％の割合で使用するとよい。０．
０１ｗｔ％未満であるとＥＲ効果が少なく、また５ｗｔ
％以上であると通電しやすくなり、消費電力が増大する
ので好ましくない。Acids, salts, and bases usually have a concentration of 0.0% relative to the entire electrorheological fluid.
It is preferable to use it in a proportion of Olwt% to 5wt%. 0.
If it is less than 0.01 wt%, the ER effect will be small;
% or more is not preferable because it makes it easier to conduct electricity and increases power consumption.
また酸化防止剤は、電気絶縁性液体の酸化防止と共に多
価アルコールの酸化を防止しうるものである。Further, the antioxidant can prevent the oxidation of the electrically insulating liquid as well as the oxidation of the polyhydric alcohol.
酸化防止剤としては、分極剤、多孔質固体粒子に不活性
なものを使用するとよく、慣用されるフェノール系、ア
ミン系酸防止剤を使用することができができ、具体的に
はフェノール系としては２・６−ジーｔ−ブチルバラク
レゾール、４・４゜ーメチレンビス（２・６−ジーｔ−
プチルフエノ−ル）、２・６−ジーｔ−プチルフェノー
ル等、またアミン系としてはジオクチルジフェニルアミ
ン、フェニルーα−ナフチルアミン、アルキルジフェニ
ルアミン、Ｎ−ニトロソジフェニルアミン等を使用する
ことができ、添加量は電気絶縁性流体に対して０．Ｏｌ
重量％〜１０重量％、好ましくは、０．１重量％〜２．
０重量％であり、０．０１重量％未満であると酸化防止
効果がなく、また１０重量％を越えると色相悪化、濁り
の発生、スラッジの発生、粘稠性の増大等の問題を生じ
る。As the antioxidant, it is best to use one that is inert to polarizing agents and porous solid particles, and commonly used phenolic and amine acid antioxidants can be used. is 2,6-di-t-butylvalacresol, 4,4゜methylenebis(2,6-di-t-
butylphenol), 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, etc., and as amines, dioctyldiphenylamine, phenyl-α-naphthylamine, alkyldiphenylamine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, etc. can be used, and the amount added is determined according to electrical insulation. 0 for fluid. Ol
% to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1% to 2.0% by weight.
If it is less than 0.01% by weight, there will be no antioxidant effect, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, problems such as deterioration of hue, generation of turbidity, generation of sludge, and increase in viscosity will occur.
また腐食防止剤としては、分極剤、多孔質固体粒子に不
活性なものを使用するとよく、具体的には窒素化合物で
はペンゾトリアゾール、イミダゾリン、ビリミジン及び
それらの誘導体、硫黄及び窒素を含有する化合物では１
． ３． ４−チアジアゾールポリスルフィド、１
．３．４−チアジアゾリル−２，５−ビスジアルキルジ
チオカルバメート、２−（アルキルジチオ）一ベンゾイ
ミダゾール、β−（〇一カルポキシベンジルチオ）プロ
ピ才ンニトリル又はそのプロビオン酸体等を使用すると
よく、添加量は電気絶縁性流体に対して０．００１重量
％〜１０重量％である。In addition, as a corrosion inhibitor, it is best to use a polarizing agent and one that is inert to porous solid particles. Specifically, nitrogen compounds include penzotriazole, imidazoline, pyrimidine and their derivatives, and compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen. So 1
．． 3. 4-thiadiazole polysulfide, 1
．． 3.4-Thiadiazolyl-2,5-bisdialkyldithiocarbamate, 2-(alkyldithio)benzimidazole, β-(〇1carpoxybenzylthio)propylene nitrile or its probionic acid form, etc. are preferably used, and addition The amount is from 0.001% to 10% by weight based on the electrically insulating fluid.
尚、本発明のＥＲ流体系においてＥＲ効果を阻害しない
程度に水を使用してもよいことは勿論である。It goes without saying that water may be used in the ER fluid system of the present invention to the extent that it does not inhibit the ER effect.
本発明の電気粘性流体に適用される電極としては、銅、
アルミニウム、金、白金、銀、鉄、亜鉛、パラジウム、
オスミウム、イリジウム、ニッケル、鉛、タンタル等の
金属電極を使用することができる。Electrodes to be applied to the electrorheological fluid of the present invention include copper,
aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, iron, zinc, palladium,
Metal electrodes such as osmium, iridium, nickel, lead, tantalum, etc. can be used.
この電極上には絶縁層が積層されるとよく、無機絶縁層
又は有機絶縁層を使用できる。An insulating layer is preferably laminated on this electrode, and an inorganic or organic insulating layer can be used.
無機絶縁層としては、窒化珪素、二酸化珪素、シランカ
ップリング剤、ジルコニア、アルミナ、チタニア、酸化
トリウム等の酸化物の他に、炭化物、硫化物、窒化物（
例えば窒化珪素等）、弗化物等を、ＣＶＤ （ Ｃｈｅ
ｍｉｃａｌ Ｖａｐｏｒ Ｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ ）法
、Ｌ Ｐ Ｄ （ Ｌｉｑｕｉｄ Ｐｈａｓｅ Ｄｅｐ
ｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ）法、スパッタリング法、真空蒸着法、
イオンプレーティング法等により、またディッピング法
等により積層することができる。As an inorganic insulating layer, in addition to oxides such as silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, silane coupling agents, zirconia, alumina, titania, and thorium oxide, carbides, sulfides, and nitrides (
For example, silicon nitride, etc.), fluoride, etc. can be deposited by CVD (Che
Mical Vapor Deposition) method, LPD (Liquid Phase Dep
position) method, sputtering method, vacuum evaporation method,
Lamination can be performed by an ion plating method, a dipping method, or the like.
有機絶縁層としては、有機ポリマーを溶剤に溶解した溶
液をコーティングすることにより積層されるか、またプ
ラスチックフィルムを接着剤を使用して添付しても形威
される。有機ボリマーとしては絶縁性ポリマーであれば
使用できるが、電気絶縁性油に溶解しない耐油性が要求
され、またＥＲ流体装置として、〜１５０℃の高温状態
で作動される場合があり、耐熱性が要求される。The organic insulating layer may be laminated by coating a solution of an organic polymer dissolved in a solvent, or may be formed by attaching a plastic film using an adhesive. Any insulating polymer can be used as the organic polymer, but it is required to have oil resistance so that it does not dissolve in electrically insulating oil, and as an ER fluid device, it may be operated at a high temperature of ~150°C, so it has poor heat resistance. required.
そのためポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等の飽和炭化水
素ポリマー、弗素含有樹脂、ポリイミド、ポリアミドイ
ミド、ポリヒダントイン、ポリパラバン酸、ポリオキサ
ジアゾール、ポリアリレート等の樹脂、エボキシ樹脂等
を使用するとよい。Therefore, it is preferable to use saturated hydrocarbon polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene, fluorine-containing resins, resins such as polyimide, polyamideimide, polyhydantoin, polyparabanic acid, polyoxadiazole, polyarylate, and epoxy resins.
また乾性油をコーティングして焼き付けて形或される、
所謂エナメル被覆、ポリビニルホルマールをコーティン
グして焼き付けたホルマール被覆等の絶縁性被膜を使用
してもよい。It is also shaped by coating it with drying oil and baking it.
An insulating coating such as a so-called enamel coating or a formal coating formed by coating and baking polyvinyl formal may also be used.
無機絶縁層、有機絶縁層共に電極上に積層される膜厚は
、０．０１μｍ〜５０μｍとするとよく、好ましくは０
，１μｍ〜２０μｍの膜厚とするとよい。The thickness of both the inorganic insulating layer and the organic insulating layer laminated on the electrode is preferably 0.01 μm to 50 μm, preferably 0.01 μm to 50 μm.
, 1 μm to 20 μm in thickness.
膜厚が薄いと製膜時にビンホールやクラツクが生じる結
果、絶縁効果が無くなるために、少なくとも０．０１μ
ｍ以上の膜厚が必要である。また余り厚いと、粒子と電
極の静電気作用が抑えられ、また絶縁層での電圧ロスが
太き＜ＥＲ流体へ効果的に電圧配分がされないので５０
μｍ以上は好ましくない。If the film thickness is too thin, holes and cracks will occur during film formation, resulting in a loss of insulation effect.
A film thickness of m or more is required. Also, if it is too thick, the electrostatic effect between the particles and the electrode will be suppressed, and the voltage loss in the insulating layer will be large.
A thickness of μm or more is not preferable.
（作用及び発明の効果）
本発明の電気粘性流体は、電気絶縁性流体、多孔質固体
粒子、分散剤及び多価アルコール等からなり、該分散剤
を多孔質固体粒子に対して０６５〜５．０、好ましくは
０．６５〜２（重量比）の割合で添加するものである。(Actions and Effects of the Invention) The electrorheological fluid of the present invention is composed of an electrically insulating fluid, porous solid particles, a dispersant, a polyhydric alcohol, etc. It is added at a ratio of 0, preferably 0.65 to 2 (weight ratio).
分散剤濃度が高いと初期増粘倍率は低下するが、分散剤
による絶縁効果が効いて電流が流れにくくなり、ＥＲ流
体組底物の電気化学反応による劣化が抑えられ、更に固
体粒子の分散安定性が増加して長時間沈澱を生じなくな
り、その結果電気粘性流体の耐久性が向上するものと考
えられる。When the dispersant concentration is high, the initial thickening ratio decreases, but the insulating effect of the dispersant is effective, making it difficult for current to flow, suppressing deterioration of the ER fluid assembly bottom due to electrochemical reactions, and further stabilizing the dispersion of solid particles. It is thought that the electrorheological fluid's durability is increased and precipitation does not occur for a long time, resulting in improved durability of the electrorheological fluid.
また分散剤の作用は直流電場よりも交流電場において効
果的であり、特に絶縁層を有する電極においてその効果
が大きいものである。Further, the action of the dispersant is more effective in an alternating current electric field than in a direct current electric field, and the effect is particularly large in electrodes having an insulating layer.
分散剤の濃度と多孔質固体粒子の濃度との関係でのこの
作用は予期しえなかったものであり、本発明はこれによ
り電気粘性流体を耐久性のあるものとなしえるものであ
る。This effect on the relationship between dispersant concentration and porous solid particle concentration was unexpected and allows the present invention to make electrorheological fluids durable.
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて説明するが、本発明は
これら実施例に限定されるものではない。The present invention will be described below based on Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
（実施例１）
下記の表に示した組或の電気粘性流体を作威した。（単
位は重量％）
（以下余白）
１） 分散剤／シリカゲル（重量比）
上記各試料ａｔにおいて、絶縁油は４０℃で粘度２ ７
ｃｓｔのアルキルベンゼン油、分散剤はコハク酸イミ
ドを使用し、この他にトリエチレングリコールを３重量
％、酸化防止剤として２．６−ジーｔ−プチルフェノー
ルを０．１重量％、金属腐食防止剤としてベンゾ｝ＩＪ
アゾールを０．３重量％添加した。(Example 1) A set of electrorheological fluids shown in the table below was prepared. (Units are weight %) (Left below) 1) Dispersant/silica gel (weight ratio) In each of the above samples, the insulating oil has a viscosity of 27 at 40°C.
CST alkylbenzene oil, succinimide as a dispersant, 3% by weight of triethylene glycol, 0.1% by weight of 2.6-di-t-butylphenol as an antioxidant, and metal corrosion inhibitor. as benzo}IJ
0.3% by weight of azole was added.
（増粘倍率試験〉
上記で作或した各試料について、電圧印加が可能な回転
粘度計により初期増粘倍率（各試料を下記条件で使用し
た時の、同一温度、同一剪断速度で電場をＯＶ／ｍｍと
した時に対する倍率）を測定した。(Thickening ratio test) For each sample prepared above, use a rotational viscometer that can apply a voltage to determine the initial thickening ratio (OV) at the same temperature and shear rate when each sample is used under the following conditions. /mm) was measured.
測定条件：
温度 ・・・６０℃
電場 − ２ Ｘ １ ０ ’ Ｖ／ｍｍ
剪断速度 − ６ ０ ０ ｓｅｃ −’その
測定結果を第ｌ表上段に示す。Measurement conditions: Temperature: 60°C Electric field - 2 x 10' V/mm
Shear rate - 600 sec - The measurement results are shown in the upper row of Table 1.
第１表によると初期増粘倍率は、分散剤／シリカゲル比
が０．６７付近をピークにして増加、減少していくこと
がわかる。According to Table 1, it can be seen that the initial thickening ratio peaks at a dispersant/silica gel ratio of around 0.67, and then increases and decreases.
（耐久性試験）
上記で作或した各試料について、最終増粘倍率を２倍と
し、増粘倍率が初期増粘倍率から最終増粘倍率にまで低
下するのに要する時間（耐久時間）を測定し、試料２に
対する耐久時間の比から耐久性について評価した。(Durability test) For each sample made above, the final thickening ratio was doubled and the time required for the thickening ratio to decrease from the initial thickening ratio to the final thickening ratio (durability time) was measured. The durability was evaluated from the ratio of durability time to Sample 2.
その結果を第１表下段に示す。The results are shown in the lower part of Table 1.
第１表からわかるように、本発明の電気粘性流体は、分
散剤／シリカゲル比が０．５〜５．０（重量比）である
と、初期増粘倍率の低下があるとしても耐久性があり、
この範囲から外れると急激に耐久性が悪くなることかわ
かる。As can be seen from Table 1, when the dispersant/silica gel ratio is 0.5 to 5.0 (weight ratio), the electrorheological fluid of the present invention exhibits poor durability even if the initial thickening ratio decreases. can be,
It can be seen that if the value falls outside this range, the durability deteriorates rapidly.
出 願 人 東 燃 株式会社Applicant: Tomoen Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
価アルコールからなる電気粘性流体において、分散剤を
多孔質固体粒子に対して０．５〜５．０（重量比）の割
合で添加したことを特徴とする電気粘性流体。(1) In an electrorheological fluid consisting of an electrically insulating fluid, porous solid particles, a dispersant, and a polyhydric alcohol, the dispersant is added at a ratio of 0.5 to 5.0 (weight ratio) to the porous solid particles. An electrorheological fluid characterized by the addition of
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31148389A JPH03170600A (en) | 1989-11-29 | 1989-11-29 | Electroviscous fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31148389A JPH03170600A (en) | 1989-11-29 | 1989-11-29 | Electroviscous fluid |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03170600A true JPH03170600A (en) | 1991-07-24 |
Family
ID=18017774
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP31148389A Pending JPH03170600A (en) | 1989-11-29 | 1989-11-29 | Electroviscous fluid |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03170600A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993003124A1 (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-18 | Tonen Corporation | Electroviscous fluid |
| US5558811A (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1996-09-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Electrorheological fluids with hydrocarbyl aromatic hydroxy compounds |
-
1989
- 1989-11-29 JP JP31148389A patent/JPH03170600A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993003124A1 (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-18 | Tonen Corporation | Electroviscous fluid |
| US5558811A (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1996-09-24 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Electrorheological fluids with hydrocarbyl aromatic hydroxy compounds |
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