JPH0315853A - Electrophotographic sensitive body - Google Patents

Electrophotographic sensitive body

Info

Publication number
JPH0315853A
JPH0315853A JP1150759A JP15075989A JPH0315853A JP H0315853 A JPH0315853 A JP H0315853A JP 1150759 A JP1150759 A JP 1150759A JP 15075989 A JP15075989 A JP 15075989A JP H0315853 A JPH0315853 A JP H0315853A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
optionally substituted
ring
group
charge transport
transport layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP1150759A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroyasu Togashi
博靖 冨樫
Harumasa Yamazaki
山崎 晴正
Masayuki Mishima
雅之 三島
Takashi Matsuse
松瀬 高志
Tadashi Sakuma
佐久間 正
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kao Corp
Original Assignee
Kao Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kao Corp filed Critical Kao Corp
Priority to JP1150759A priority Critical patent/JPH0315853A/en
Publication of JPH0315853A publication Critical patent/JPH0315853A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the electrophotographic sensitive body having a high sensitivity and high durability by incorporating a specific heterocyclic compd. into a charge transfer layer. CONSTITUTION:The heterocyclic compd. expressed by formula I is incorporated into the charge transfer layer. In the formula, R1 denotes a hydrogen atom, straight chain or branched alkyl group which may be substd., etc.; R2, R3 may be the same or different and denote a hydrogen atom, straight chain or branched alkyl group which may be substd., etc. or R2 and R3 form a ring together with the adjacent carbon atoms. A denotes a tervalent group consisting of a 5-atom heterocycle which may be condensed or substd. The photosensitive body which has a stable initial potential, small dark attenuation, high sensitivity, small deterioration by repetition and excellent durability is obtd. in this way.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野] 本発明は電子写真感光体に関し、更に詳しくは、特定の
複素環式化合物を電荷輸送層中に含む高感度、高耐久性
の電子写真感光体に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more particularly, to a highly sensitive and highly durable electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a specific heterocyclic compound in a charge transport layer. Regarding the body.

〔従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題〕近年、
電子写真方式を用いた複写機、ブリンクーの発展は目覚
ましく、用途に応じて様々な形態、種類の機種が開発さ
れ、それに対応してそれらに用いられる感光体も多種多
様のものが開発されつつある. 従来、電子写真感光体としては、その感度、耐久性の面
から無機化合物が主として用いられてきた.これらの無
機化合物としては、例えば酸化亜鉛、硫化カドξウム、
セレン等を挙げる事ができる.しかしながら、これらは
有害物質を使用している場合が多く、その廃棄が問題と
なり、公害をもたらす原因となる.又、感度の良好なセ
レンを用いる場合、蒸着法等により導電性基体上に薄膜
を形戒する必要があり、生産性が劣り、コストアップの
原因となる。近年、無公害性の無機物感光体としてアモ
ルファスシリコンが注目され、その研究開発が進められ
ている.しかしながら、これらも、感度については優れ
ているが、薄膜形或時において、主にプラズマCvD法
を用いるため、その生産性は極めて劣っており、感光体
コスト、ランニングコストとも大きなものとなっている
. 一方、有機感光体は、焼却が可能であり、無公害の利点
を有し、更に多くのものは塗工により薄膜形或が可能で
大量生産が容易である.それ故にコストが大幅に低下で
き、又、用途に応じて様々な形状に加工する事ができる
という長所を有している.しかしながら、有機感光体に
おいては、その感度、耐久性に問題が残されており、高
感度、高耐久性の有機感光体の出現が強く望まれている
. 有機感光体の感度向上の手段として様々な方法が提案さ
れているが、現在では電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とに機能
が分離した主に二層構造の機能分離型感光体が主流とな
っている。例えば、露光により電荷発生層で発生した電
荷は、電荷輸送層に注入され、電荷輸送層中を通って表
面に輸送され、表面電荷を中和することにより感光体表
面に静電潜像が形威される.機能分離型は単層型に比し
て発生した電荷が捕獲される可能性が小さくなり、各層
がそれぞれの機能を阻害される事なく、効率良く電荷が
感光体表面に輸送され得る(アメリカ特許第28035
41号)。
[Problems to be solved by conventional techniques and inventions] In recent years,
The development of Blinku, a copying machine that uses electrophotography, has been remarkable, with various forms and types of models being developed depending on the purpose, and correspondingly, a wide variety of photoreceptors used in these machines are also being developed. .. Conventionally, inorganic compounds have been mainly used as electrophotographic photoreceptors due to their sensitivity and durability. Examples of these inorganic compounds include zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide,
Examples include selenium. However, these often use hazardous substances, and their disposal becomes a problem and causes pollution. Furthermore, when using selenium, which has good sensitivity, it is necessary to form a thin film on a conductive substrate by a vapor deposition method or the like, resulting in poor productivity and increased costs. In recent years, amorphous silicon has attracted attention as a non-polluting inorganic photoreceptor, and its research and development is progressing. However, although these also have excellent sensitivity, since they mainly use the plasma CVD method in some cases, their productivity is extremely poor, and both the photoreceptor cost and running cost are large. .. On the other hand, organic photoreceptors can be incinerated and have the advantage of being non-polluting, and many of them can be formed into thin films by coating, making mass production easy. Therefore, it has the advantage of being able to significantly reduce costs and being able to be processed into various shapes depending on the application. However, problems remain with organic photoreceptors in terms of their sensitivity and durability, and the emergence of highly sensitive and highly durable organic photoreceptors is strongly desired. Various methods have been proposed to improve the sensitivity of organic photoreceptors, but currently the mainstream is a functionally separated photoreceptor with a two-layer structure in which the functions are separated into a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer. There is. For example, charges generated in the charge generation layer due to exposure to light are injected into the charge transport layer, transported through the charge transport layer to the surface, and by neutralizing the surface charges, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the photoreceptor. Intimidated. Compared to the single-layer type, the function-separated type has a smaller possibility that generated charges will be captured, and the charges can be efficiently transported to the photoreceptor surface without each layer having its own function inhibited (U.S. patent No. 28035
No. 41).

電荷発生層に用いられる有機電荷発生材としては、照射
される光のエネルギーを吸収し、効率よく電荷を発生す
る化合物が選択使用されており、例えば、アゾ系顔料(
特開昭54−14967号公報)、無金属フタロシアニ
ン顔料(特開昭60−143346号公報)、金属フタ
ロシアニン顔料(特開昭50−16538号公報)、ス
クエアリウム塩(特開昭53 − 27033号公報)
等を挙げる事ができる。
As the organic charge-generating material used in the charge-generating layer, compounds that absorb the energy of irradiated light and efficiently generate charges are selectively used, such as azo pigments (
JP-A-54-14967), metal-free phthalocyanine pigments (JP-A-60-143346), metal phthalocyanine pigments (JP-A-50-16538), squarium salt (JP-A-53-27033) Public bulletin)
etc. can be mentioned.

電荷輸送層に用いられる電荷輸送材としては、電荷発生
層からの電荷の注入効率が大きく、更に電荷輸送層内で
電荷の移動度が大である化合物を選定する必要がある.
そのためには、イオン化ポテンシャルが小さい化合物、
ラジカルカチオンが発生しやすい化合物が選ばれ、例え
ばトリアリールアξン誘導体(特開昭53 − 472
60号公報)、ヒドラゾン誘導体(特開昭57−101
844号公報)、オキサジアゾール誘導体(特公昭34
− 5466号公報)、ピラゾリン誘導体(特公昭52
−4188号公報)、スチルベン誘導体(特開昭58−
198043号公報)、トリフエニルメタン誘導体(特
公昭45 − 555号公報) 、1.3−ブタジエン
誘導体(特開昭62 − 287257号公報)等が提
案されている。
As the charge transport material used in the charge transport layer, it is necessary to select a compound that has high charge injection efficiency from the charge generation layer and also has high charge mobility within the charge transport layer.
For this purpose, compounds with small ionization potential,
Compounds that easily generate radical cations are selected, such as triarylamine derivatives (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-472
60), hydrazone derivatives (JP-A-57-101)
No. 844), oxadiazole derivatives (Japanese Patent Publication No. 34
- Publication No. 5466), pyrazoline derivatives (Special Publication No. 52
-4188), stilbene derivatives (JP-A-58-
198043), triphenylmethane derivatives (Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-555), 1,3-butadiene derivatives (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-287257), and the like.

しかしながら、これらの電荷移動度は無機物に比較する
と小さいものであり、感度もまだまだ満足できないもの
であった。
However, the charge mobility of these materials is small compared to that of inorganic materials, and the sensitivity is still unsatisfactory.

また、帯電、露光、現像、転写、除電という一連の電子
写真プロセスにおいて感光体は極めて苛酷な条件下に置
かれ、特にその耐オゾン性、耐摩耗性が大きな問題とな
る。感光体に用いられる材料についても、これら耐久性
が要求される一方、結合剤や保護層についても開発が進
んでいるが、満足できるものは未だ得られていない。
Further, in a series of electrophotographic processes such as charging, exposure, development, transfer, and static elimination, photoreceptors are placed under extremely harsh conditions, and in particular, their ozone resistance and abrasion resistance become major problems. Durability is also required for the materials used in the photoreceptor, and while development of binders and protective layers is progressing, a satisfactory material has not yet been obtained.

〔課題を解決するための手段〕[Means to solve the problem]

本発明者らは、上記課題を解決し、高感度、高耐久性の
電子写真感光体を得るべく鋭意検討した結果、特定の複
素環弐化合物を電荷輸送層中に含む電子写真感光体が感
度、耐久性ともに優れている事を見出し、本発明に至っ
た.即ち、本発明は、導電性支持体、電荷発生層及び電
荷輸送層を必須の構或要素とする電子写真感光体におい
て、一般式(1) R, (式中、R,は、水素原子、置換されていてもよい直鎖
又は分岐のアルキル基、置換されていてもよいアリール
基のいずれかを表し、Rz,Ihは、同一もしくは相異
なって、水素原子、置換されていてもよい直鎖又は分岐
のアルキル基、置換されていてもよいアリール基、置換
されていてもよいアルケニル基、置換されていてもよい
複素環基のいずれかを表すか、あるいはRtとR,が隣
接する炭素原子とともに環を形戒する。
The present inventors have made intensive studies to solve the above problems and obtain an electrophotographic photoreceptor with high sensitivity and high durability. , and found that it has excellent durability, leading to the present invention. That is, the present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a conductive support, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer as essential constituent elements, which has the general formula (1) R, (wherein, R is a hydrogen atom, Represents either an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group, and Rz and Ih are the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted straight chain or a branched alkyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or Rt and R are adjacent carbon atoms With this, we form precepts for Tamaki.

Aはベンゼン環が縮合又は置換していてもよい5原子複
素環からなる3価の基を表す。)で示される複素環式化
合物を電荷輸送層中に含むことを特徴とする電子写真感
光体を提供するものである。
A represents a trivalent group consisting of a 5-atom heterocycle which may be fused or substituted with a benzene ring. ) The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor characterized in that the charge transport layer contains a heterocyclic compound represented by the following.

本発明においては、電荷輸送層中に一般式(1)で示さ
れる3価の複素環基^を有する複素環式化合物を含有せ
しめる. 上記の3価の複素環基Aとしては例えば、ピロール、フ
ラン、チオフェン,インドール、クマロン、チオナフテ
ン、カルバゾール、ビラゾール、イミダゾール、オキサ
ゾール、イソオキサゾール、チアゾール、ペンズイミダ
ゾール、インダゾール、ペンゾチアゾール、ペンゾキサ
ゾール、又はこれらの誘導体等を挙げることができる。
In the present invention, a heterocyclic compound having a trivalent heterocyclic group represented by the general formula (1) is contained in the charge transport layer. Examples of the above trivalent heterocyclic group A include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, coumaron, thionaphthene, carbazole, birazole, imidazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, penzimidazole, indazole, penzothiazole, penzoxazole, or These derivatives can be mentioned.

上記3価の複素環基Aの中でも、原料が入手し易く合或
が容易な点からピロール、チオフエン、フラン、イミダ
ゾール、オキサゾール、チアゾールが好ましい。
Among the trivalent heterocyclic groups A, pyrrole, thiophene, furan, imidazole, oxazole, and thiazole are preferred from the viewpoint of easy availability of raw materials and easy synthesis.

一般式(1)において、R.は、水素原子、置換されて
いてもよい直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基、置換されていて
もよいアリール基のいずれかを表すが、製造の容易さ、
得られた化合物の性能等の点から、水素原子、炭素数1
〜6個のアルキル基、アリール基のいずれかであるもの
が好ましく、アルキル基、アリール基としてはメチル基
、エチル基、フエニル基等が例示できる。
In general formula (1), R. represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group, or an optionally substituted aryl group, but ease of production,
From the viewpoint of performance etc. of the obtained compound, hydrogen atom, carbon number 1
-6 alkyl groups and aryl groups are preferred, and examples of the alkyl groups and aryl groups include methyl, ethyl, and phenyl groups.

また、一般式(1)において、Ri.Rsは同一もしく
は相異なって、水素原子、置換されていてもよい直鎖又
は分岐のアルキル基、置換されていてもよいアリール基
、置換されていてもよいアルケニル基、置換されていて
もよい複素環基のいずれかを表すか、あるいは、R2と
R,が、隣接する炭素原子とともに環を形成する。
Furthermore, in general formula (1), Ri. Rs are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group, an optionally substituted hetero represents any ring group, or R2 and R, together with adjacent carbon atoms, form a ring.

これらの中でも、炭素数1〜12個のアルキル基、アリ
ール基、アルケニル基、複素環基のいずれかであるもの
、あるいは、隣接する炭素原子とともに炭素数4〜12
個の環を形戒するものが好ましい。
Among these, those that are any of alkyl groups, aryl groups, alkenyl groups, and heterocyclic groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or those having 4 to 12 carbon atoms together with adjacent carbon atoms.
It is preferable to have a formal precept for individual rings.

アルキル基、アリール基、複素m基としては、メチル基
、エチル基、フエニル基、ナフチル基及びこれらの置換
されたもの、アルケニル基とついたものが例示できる. 上記複素環式化合物の合戒法は、特に限定されるもので
はないが、例えば、トリアシル化されたAとトリフエニ
ルホスホニウムハライド又はホスボン酸エステルとを縮
合させる方法、あ0 11 A+CLP(OR4)t)s  (ここでR4は低級ア
ルキル基を示す)とカルボニル化合物を縮合せしめる方
法により合戒する事ができる。
Examples of the alkyl group, aryl group, and hetero m group include methyl group, ethyl group, phenyl group, naphthyl group, substituted versions thereof, and alkenyl groups. The method for preparing the above-mentioned heterocyclic compound is not particularly limited, but includes, for example, a method of condensing triacylated A with triphenylphosphonium halide or phosphonic acid ester, A0 11 A+CLP(OR4)t )s (here, R4 represents a lower alkyl group) and a carbonyl compound can be condensed.

本発明に用いられる前記一般式(1)で表される複素環
式化合物を具体的に例示すれば、以下の式に示すものが
挙げられるが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではな
い. CHs (2) CHs (3) CHI (4〉 CHs CH. Cl1、 CHI C}I, (9) CH3 CHz (IO) CHI CH, (1l) CH, (6) CL CIlツ (l2) CB. (l3) (l5) (16) Calls (2l) CJs (18) (19) CIl言 (24) (25) (26〉 (3l) t1jLIJ (36) (37) (38) CHff (49) (42) (50) (51) (54) (55) (6l) (62) (64) (65) (66) (67) (68) (70) (71) (72) (77) (78) (79) (81) (87) CH, (82) CI1. (d4) C}11 CH3 (89) (93) (96) これらの複素環式化合物は単独で又は二種以上を紐み合
わせて使用することができる。
Specific examples of the heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) used in the present invention include those shown in the following formula, but the present invention is not limited thereto. CHs (2) CHs (3) CHI (4> CHs CH. Cl1, CHI C}I, (9) CH3 CHz (IO) CHI CH, (1l) CH, (6) CL CIltsu (l2) CB. ( l3) (l5) (16) Calls (2l) CJs (18) (19) CIl words (24) (25) (26> (3l) t1jLIJ (36) (37) (38) CHff (49) (42) (50) (51) (54) (55) (6l) (62) (64) (65) (66) (67) (68) (70) (71) (72) (77) (78) (79 ) (81) (87) CH, (82) CI1. (d4) C}11 CH3 (89) (93) (96) These heterocyclic compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. be able to.

これらの化合物は、多くの溶剤に可溶であり、例えば、
ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、テトラリン、クロロベ
ンゼン等の芳香族系溶剤;ジクロ口メタン、クロロホル
ム、トリクロロエチレン、テトラクロ口エチレン等のハ
ロゲン系溶剤;酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロビル
、ギ酸メチル、ギ酸エチル等のエステル系溶剤;アセト
ン、メチルエチルケ1・ン等のケl・ン系溶剤;ジエチ
ルエーテル、ジプロビルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラ
ヒドロフラン等のエーテル系溶剤;メタノール、エタノ
ール、イソプロビルアルコール等のアルコール系溶剤;
ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチ
ルスルホキシド等に可溶である。
These compounds are soluble in many solvents, e.g.
Aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, tetralin, and chlorobenzene; Halogen solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, trichloroethylene, and tetrachlorethylene; Esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, probyl acetate, methyl formate, and ethyl formate. Solvents; chelon-based solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl chloride; ether-based solvents such as diethyl ether, diprobyl ether, dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran; alcohol-based solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol;
Soluble in dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, etc.

電子写真感光体を作製するにあたっては、導電性支持体
上に電荷発生層及び電荷輸送層を薄膜状に形威せしめる
。導電性支持体の基材としては、アル旦ニウム、ニッケ
ル等の金属、金属蒸着高分子フィルム、金属ラミネート
高分子フィルム等を用いることができ、ドラム状又はシ
ート状の形態で導電性支持体を構或する.電荷発生層は
、電荷発生材及び必要に応じて結合剤、添加剤よりなり
、蒸着法、プラズマCVO法、塗工法等の方法で作製す
る事ができる.電荷発生材としては、特に限定される事
はなく、照射される特定の波長の光を吸収し、効率よく
電荷を発生し得るものなら有機材料、無機材料のいずれ
も好適に使用する事ができる。
In producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are formed in the form of a thin film on a conductive support. As the base material of the conductive support, metals such as aluminum and nickel, metal-deposited polymer films, metal-laminated polymer films, etc. can be used, and the conductive support is formed in the form of a drum or sheet. Constructed. The charge generation layer is made of a charge generation material and, if necessary, a binder and additives, and can be produced by a vapor deposition method, a plasma CVO method, a coating method, or the like. The charge generating material is not particularly limited, and any organic or inorganic material can be suitably used as long as it absorbs irradiated light of a specific wavelength and can efficiently generate charges. .

有機電荷発生材としては、例えば、ペリレン顔料、多環
牛ノン系顔料、無金属フタロシアニン顔料、金属フタ口
シアニン顔料、ビスアゾ顔料、トリスアゾ顔料、チアビ
リリウム塩、スクエアリウム塩、アズレニウム顔料等が
挙げられ、これらは主として結合剤中に分散せしめ、塗
工により電荷発生層を形戒する事ができる。無機電荷発
生材としては、セレン、セレン合金、硫化カドミウム、
酸化亜鉛、アモルファスシリコン、シリコンカーバイド
等が挙げられる。
Examples of the organic charge generating material include perylene pigments, polycyclic bovine non-based pigments, metal-free phthalocyanine pigments, metal cap cyanine pigments, bisazo pigments, trisazo pigments, thiavirylium salts, squarium salts, azulenium pigments, etc. These are mainly dispersed in a binder and can be applied to shape the charge generation layer. Inorganic charge generating materials include selenium, selenium alloys, cadmium sulfide,
Examples include zinc oxide, amorphous silicon, and silicon carbide.

形威された電荷発生層の膜厚は、0.1乃至2.0一が
好ましく、更に好ましくは0.2乃至1.0μである。
The thickness of the formed charge generation layer is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 μm, more preferably 0.2 to 1.0 μm.

次に該電荷発生層の上部に一般式(1)で示される複素
環式化合物を含む電荷輸送層を薄膜状に形成せしめる.
薄膜形或法としては、主に塗工法が用いられ、一般式(
].)で示される複素環式化合物を、必要に応じて結合
剤とともに溶剤に溶解し、電荷発生層上に塗工せしめ、
その後乾燥させればよい. 用いられる溶剤としては、上記複素環式化合物及び必要
に応じて用いられる結合剤が溶解し、かつ電荷発生層が
溶解しない溶剤なら特に限定される事はない. 必要に応じて用いられる結合剤は、絶縁性樹脂なら特に
限定される事はなく、例えば、ボリカーボネート、ポリ
アリレート、ポリエステル、ボリアミド等の縮合系重合
体:ポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、スチレンーアクリル
共重合体、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポ
リビニルブチラール、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリアク
リルアξド、アクリロニトリルーブタジエン共重合体、
ポリ塩化ビニル、塩化ビニル酢酸ビニル共重合体等の付
加重合体;ボリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、シリ
コン樹脂等が適宜用いられ、一種もしくは二種以上のも
のを混合して用いる事ができる。
Next, a charge transport layer containing a heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) is formed in the form of a thin film on top of the charge generation layer.
The coating method is mainly used as a thin film method, and the general formula (
]. ) is dissolved in a solvent together with a binder if necessary, and coated on the charge generation layer,
You can then dry it. The solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the above-mentioned heterocyclic compound and the binder used if necessary, but does not dissolve the charge generation layer. The binder used as necessary is not particularly limited as long as it is an insulating resin, and examples include condensation polymers such as polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyester, and polyamide; polyethylene, polystyrene, and styrene-acrylic copolymers. , polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer,
Addition polymers such as polyvinyl chloride and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers; boris sulfone, polyether sulfone, silicone resins, etc. are used as appropriate, and they can be used alone or in a mixture of two or more.

上記結合剤の使用量は一般式(1)で示される複素環式
化合物に対して0.1乃至3重量比であり、好ましくは
0.1乃至2重量比である。結合剤の量がこれよりも大
であると、電荷輸送層における電荷輸送材濃度が小さく
なり、感度が悪くなる. また、本発明においては、必要に応じて前記のような公
知の電荷輸送材を組み合わせて用いることも可能である
The amount of the binder used is 0.1 to 3, preferably 0.1 to 2, by weight relative to the heterocyclic compound represented by general formula (1). If the amount of the binder is larger than this, the concentration of the charge transport material in the charge transport layer will be low, resulting in poor sensitivity. Further, in the present invention, it is also possible to use a combination of known charge transport materials as described above, if necessary.

電荷輸送層の塗工手段は限定される事はなく例えば、バ
ーコーター、カレンダーコーターグラビアコーター、ブ
レードコーター、スピンコーター、ディップコーター等
を適宜使用する事ができる。
The coating means for the charge transport layer is not limited, and for example, a bar coater, calendar coater, gravure coater, blade coater, spin coater, dip coater, etc. can be used as appropriate.

このようにして形威される電荷輸送層の膜厚は10乃至
50Jlmが好ましく、更に好ましくは10乃至30μ
である.膜厚が50,nよりも大であると、電荷の輸送
により多くの時間を要するようになり、又、電荷が捕獲
される確率も大となり感度低下の原因となる。一方、1
0mより小であると、機械的強度が低下し、感光体の寿
命が短いものとなり好ましくない。以上の如くにして一
般式(1)で示される複素環式化合物を電荷輸送層に含
む電子写真感光体を作製する事ができるが、本発明では
更に導電性支持体と電荷発生層の間に必要に応じて、下
引き層、接着層、バリャー層等を設ける事もでき、これ
らの層には例えばポリビニルブチラール、フェノール樹
脂、ボリアミド樹脂等が用いられる。また、感光体表面
に表面保護層を設けることもできる。
The thickness of the charge transport layer formed in this way is preferably 10 to 50 μm, more preferably 10 to 30 μm.
It is. If the film thickness is greater than 50.n, it will take more time to transport the charges, and the probability that the charges will be captured will also increase, causing a decrease in sensitivity. On the other hand, 1
If it is smaller than 0 m, the mechanical strength will decrease and the life of the photoreceptor will be shortened, which is not preferable. As described above, it is possible to produce an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a heterocyclic compound represented by general formula (1) in the charge transport layer. If necessary, an undercoat layer, an adhesive layer, a barrier layer, etc. can be provided, and polyvinyl butyral, phenol resin, polyamide resin, etc. are used for these layers. Furthermore, a surface protective layer can also be provided on the surface of the photoreceptor.

こうして得られた電子写真感光体の使用に際しては、ま
ず感光体表面をコロナ帯電器等により負に帯電せしめる
.帯電後、露光される事により電荷発生層内で電荷が発
生し、正電荷が電荷輸送層に注入され、これが電荷輸送
層中を通って表面にまで輸送され、表面の負電荷が中和
される。一方、露光されなかった部分には負電荷が残り
、これが静電潜像を形戒する。この部分にトナーが付着
し、それが紙等の上に転写され、定着される。
When using the electrophotographic photoreceptor thus obtained, first the surface of the photoreceptor is negatively charged using a corona charger or the like. After being charged, charges are generated in the charge generation layer by exposure to light, and positive charges are injected into the charge transport layer, which are transported through the charge transport layer to the surface, neutralizing the negative charges on the surface. Ru. On the other hand, negative charges remain in the unexposed areas, which form an electrostatic latent image. Toner adheres to this area, is transferred onto paper, etc., and is fixed.

又、本発明においては、導電性支持体上に、先ず電荷輸
送層を設け、その上に電荷発生層を設けて、電子写真感
光体を作製する事も可能である。この場合には、まず感
光体表面を正に帯電せしめ、露光後、発生した負電荷は
感光体の表面電荷を中和し、正電荷は電荷輸送層を通っ
て導電性支持体に輸送される事になる。
Further, in the present invention, it is also possible to produce an electrophotographic photoreceptor by first providing a charge transport layer on a conductive support and then providing a charge generation layer thereon. In this case, the surface of the photoreceptor is first positively charged, and after exposure, the generated negative charges neutralize the surface charges of the photoreceptor, and the positive charges are transported to the conductive support through the charge transport layer. It's going to happen.

[実施例] 以下、合或例及び実施例により本発明を具体的に説明す
るが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではな
い. 合成例 2.4.5−トリス(p−ジエチルアミノスチリル)オ
キサゾール(例示化合物(73))の合威撹拌装置、冷
却管、窒素導入管、滴下漏斗を備え付けた2I!4ツロ
フラスコに、2,4.5 − }リス(p−プロモメチ
ル)オキサゾールより合威したホスホン酸ジエチル51
.9g (0.1モル)を加え、乾燥エチレングリコー
ルジメチルエーテル1lに溶解させた.そこへ水素化ナ
トリウム(油性60%)24gを室温で加えて1時間攪
拌した.この溶液にp−ジエチルア5ノベンズアルデヒ
ド53.1g (0.3モル)を溶解した乾燥エチレン
グリコールジメチルエーテルを滴下し、滴下終了後5時
間還流させながら攪拌した。その後反応液を室温まで冷
却し、2lの水に注いだ。
[Examples] Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to examples and examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Synthesis Example 2.4.5-tris(p-diethylaminostyryl)oxazole (exemplified compound (73)) in a 2I! equipped with a stirrer, a cooling tube, a nitrogen inlet tube, and a dropping funnel! Diethyl phosphonate 51 synthesized from 2,4.5-}lis(p-promomethyl)oxazole in a 4-tubular flask.
.. 9 g (0.1 mol) was added and dissolved in 1 liter of dry ethylene glycol dimethyl ether. 24 g of sodium hydride (60% oily) was added thereto at room temperature and stirred for 1 hour. Dry ethylene glycol dimethyl ether in which 53.1 g (0.3 mol) of p-diethyla-5-nobenzaldehyde was dissolved was added dropwise to this solution, and after the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 5 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and poured into 2 liters of water.

さらに酢酸エチル2Eを加えてよく混合し、酢酸エチル
層を分取した。この酢酸エチル溶液を水洗した後、無水
硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥した。
Furthermore, ethyl acetate 2E was added and mixed well, and the ethyl acetate layer was separated. This ethyl acetate solution was washed with water and then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.

乾燥後、酢酸エチルを減圧留去して黄色固体50g(収
率85%)を得た. 他の本発明における複素環式化合物についても同様の方
法で高収率で得ることができる。
After drying, ethyl acetate was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 50 g of a yellow solid (yield: 85%). Other heterocyclic compounds in the present invention can also be obtained in high yield by the same method.

実施例−1 x 型=金gフタ口シアニン5g,塩化ビニル酢酸ビニ
ル樹脂(エスレックC、積水化学■製)5gをシクロヘ
キサノン90−に溶解し、ボールミル中で24時間混練
した.得られた分散液をアルミ板上にバーコーターにて
乾燥後の膜厚が0.5一になるように塗布し、乾燥させ
、電荷発生層を形戒した。
Example 1 x type = gold g Lid cyanine 5g and vinyl chloride vinyl acetate resin (S-LEC C, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) 5g were dissolved in 90% cyclohexanone and kneaded in a ball mill for 24 hours. The resulting dispersion was coated onto an aluminum plate using a bar coater so that the film thickness after drying was 0.5 mm, and dried to form a charge generation layer.

次に合成例により得た化合物(73)5g、ポリカーボ
ネート樹脂(レキサン141−111 ,エンジニアリ
ングプラスチックス■製)5gをジオキサ790m7に
溶解し、これを先に形成した電荷発生層上にブレードコ
ーターにて乾燥後の膜厚が25jlmになるように塗布
して乾燥させ、電荷輸送層を形威した。
Next, 5 g of the compound (73) obtained in the synthesis example and 5 g of polycarbonate resin (Lexan 141-111, manufactured by Engineering Plastics ■) were dissolved in 790 m7 of dioxa, and this was coated on the previously formed charge generation layer using a blade coater. The charge transport layer was formed by coating and drying the film to a thickness of 25 ml after drying.

このようにして作製した電子写真感光体を■川日電機製
作所製,静電複写紙試験装置EPA−8100を用いて
、−6.5kVのコロナ電圧で帯電させたところ初期表
面電位v0は−780vであった。暗所にて5秒放置後
の表面電位V,は−750vとなった。
When the electrophotographic photoreceptor thus prepared was charged with a corona voltage of -6.5 kV using an electrostatic copying paper tester EPA-8100 manufactured by Kawa Nichi Denki Seisakusho, the initial surface potential v0 was -780 V. Met. After being left in the dark for 5 seconds, the surface potential V was -750V.

次いで発振波長790nmの半導体レーザーを照射し、
半減露光量Lzzを求めたところ、0.35μJ/CI
I12であり、残留電位v8は−8vであった。
Next, a semiconductor laser with an oscillation wavelength of 790 nm is irradiated,
When the half-reduced exposure amount Lzz was calculated, it was 0.35μJ/CI
I12, and the residual potential v8 was -8v.

次に、5000回上記操作を繰り返した後、VO+νs
, Edit.ν.を測定したところ、それぞれ−77
0V, −740V, 3.6J7J/CI+”, −
10 Vテあり、感光体としての性能はほとんど衰えて
おらず、高い耐久性を示す事がわかった。
Next, after repeating the above operation 5000 times, VO+νs
, Edit. ν. When measured, they were -77 respectively.
0V, −740V, 3.6J7J/CI+”, −
It was found that the photoreceptor's performance as a photoreceptor has hardly deteriorated and exhibits high durability.

実施例−2〜19 電荷輸送材として、それぞれ第1表に示した化合物を用
いる以外は実施例−lと同様にして感光体を作製し、性
能評価を行った。その結果を第1表に示した. 第1表続き 第l表続き 比較例 実施例−1において合威例で得た化合物(73)の代わ
りに下記弐で示されるパラビススチリル゛ヒ合物を用い
る以外は全く同様にして感光体を乍製し、評価を行った
。該バラビススチリル化合物は溶剤への溶解性が悪く電
荷輸送層をうまく形戒する事が出来なかった。
Examples 2 to 19 Photoreceptors were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the compounds shown in Table 1 were used as charge transport materials, and performance evaluation was performed. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 (Continued) Table I (Continued) Comparative Example A photoreceptor was prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 except that the parabistyryl compound shown in 2 below was used in place of the compound (73) obtained in the synthesis example. was prepared and evaluated. The barabistyryl compound had poor solubility in solvents and could not form a charge transport layer well.

又、Vll+ VS+ E+yt* V*はそれぞれ−
570v−520V. 0.63μJ/cm”+  2
1Vであった。
Also, Vll+ VS+ E+yt* V* are each -
570v-520v. 0.63μJ/cm”+2
It was 1V.

5000回繰り返した後0)Vo, VSI El/Z
, Vt+ハソ1ぞれ−430V, −400V, 0
.67μJ/cm”, −53V T:うり、感度、耐
久性ともに劣る結果であった。
After repeating 5000 times 0) Vo, VSI El/Z
, Vt + 1 each -430V, -400V, 0
.. 67 μJ/cm", -53V T: The results were poor in curvature, sensitivity, and durability.

〕明の効果〕 本発明における複素環式化合物を電荷輸送層コに含む事
を特徴とする電子写真感光体は、初]t位が安定し、暗
減衰が小さく、感度が高い,のである。又、繰り返しに
よる劣化が小さく、耐久性にも優れたものである。
[Effect of light] The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, which is characterized by containing a heterocyclic compound in the charge transport layer, is stable at the first t position, has small dark decay, and has high sensitivity. Furthermore, it shows little deterioration due to repeated use and has excellent durability.

従って、複写機及び各種プリンター(レーザービームプ
リンター、光プリンター LEDプリンター、液晶プリ
ンター等)等、電子写真方式を応用する機器の感光体と
して好適に用いることができる。
Therefore, it can be suitably used as a photoreceptor in devices that apply electrophotography, such as copying machines and various printers (laser beam printers, optical printers, LED printers, liquid crystal printers, etc.).

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1、導電性支持体、電荷発生層及び電荷輸送層を必須の
構成要素とする電子写真感光体において、一般式(1) ▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼(1) (式中、R_1、は、水素原子、置換されていてもよい
直鎖又は分岐のアルキル基、置換されていてもよいアリ
ール基のいずれかを表し、R_2、R_3、は、同一も
しくは相異なって、水素原子、置換されていてもよい直
鎖又は分岐のアルキル基、置換されていてもよいアリー
ル基、置換されていてもよいアルケニル基、置換されて
いてもよい複素環基のいずれかを表すか、あるいはR_
2とR_3が隣接する炭素原子とともに環を形成する。 Aはベンゼン環が縮合又は置換していてもよい5原子複
素環からなる3価の基を表す。)で示される複素環式化
合物を電荷輸送層中に含むことを特徴とする電子写真感
光体。 2、5原子複素環がピロール環、チオフェン環、フラン
環、イミダゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環か
ら選ばれるものである請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。
[Claims] 1. In an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a conductive support, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer as essential components, general formula (1) ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼(1 ) (In the formula, R_1 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group, or an optionally substituted aryl group, and R_2 and R_3 are the same or different. and a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group, or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group. represents or R_
2 and R_3 together with adjacent carbon atoms form a ring. A represents a trivalent group consisting of a 5-atom heterocycle which may be fused or substituted with a benzene ring. ) An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a heterocyclic compound represented by the following formula in a charge transport layer. 2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the 2- or 5-atom heterocycle is selected from a pyrrole ring, a thiophene ring, a furan ring, an imidazole ring, an oxazole ring, and a thiazole ring.
JP1150759A 1989-06-14 1989-06-14 Electrophotographic sensitive body Pending JPH0315853A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1150759A JPH0315853A (en) 1989-06-14 1989-06-14 Electrophotographic sensitive body

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1150759A JPH0315853A (en) 1989-06-14 1989-06-14 Electrophotographic sensitive body

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0315853A true JPH0315853A (en) 1991-01-24

Family

ID=15503795

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1150759A Pending JPH0315853A (en) 1989-06-14 1989-06-14 Electrophotographic sensitive body

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0315853A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5736284A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-04-07 Takasago International Corporation Carbazole derivative charge transporting material using the same and electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP2006272148A (en) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-12 Nitto Denko Corp Manufacturing method of drying composite semi-permeable membrane
US7560589B2 (en) 2003-07-28 2009-07-14 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Cycloalkylidene compounds as modulators of estrogen receptor
JP2010180231A (en) * 2010-04-05 2010-08-19 Tosoh Corp Bis(diarylamino)n-substituted pyrrole
CN103409134A (en) * 2013-08-08 2013-11-27 泰山学院 Bifluorescence-emission organic light-emitting material and preparation method thereof
US8851297B2 (en) 2006-10-10 2014-10-07 Nitto Denko Corporation Composite semipermeable membrane and process for producing the same

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5736284A (en) * 1996-04-30 1998-04-07 Takasago International Corporation Carbazole derivative charge transporting material using the same and electrophotographic photoreceptor
US7560589B2 (en) 2003-07-28 2009-07-14 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Cycloalkylidene compounds as modulators of estrogen receptor
US7569601B2 (en) 2003-07-28 2009-08-04 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Cycloalkylidene compounds as modulators of estrogen receptor
US7799828B2 (en) 2003-07-28 2010-09-21 Glaxosmithkline Llc Cycloalkylidene compounds as modulators of estrogen receptor
JP2006272148A (en) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-12 Nitto Denko Corp Manufacturing method of drying composite semi-permeable membrane
US8851297B2 (en) 2006-10-10 2014-10-07 Nitto Denko Corporation Composite semipermeable membrane and process for producing the same
JP2010180231A (en) * 2010-04-05 2010-08-19 Tosoh Corp Bis(diarylamino)n-substituted pyrrole
CN103409134A (en) * 2013-08-08 2013-11-27 泰山学院 Bifluorescence-emission organic light-emitting material and preparation method thereof
CN103409134B (en) * 2013-08-08 2015-05-20 泰山学院 Bifluorescence-emission organic light-emitting material and preparation method thereof

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JPH01134457A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH01134456A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPS62116943A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH01134462A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH045382B2 (en)
JPH05107784A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH0580550A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH0315853A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH02282262A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH0421688A (en) Novel organosilicon compound, its production and photo-sensitive material for electrophotography produced by using the same
JPH0284657A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH02285356A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH03135570A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH02285358A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH03290665A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH01298364A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JP3616943B2 (en) Polyether resin and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same
JP3576953B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, benzofuran-styryl compound used therein, and method for producing the same
JPH03103859A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH0210366A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH05255364A (en) Ferrocene compound and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same
JPH05281765A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH03271296A (en) New silylated triarylamine compound, production thereof and electrophotographic sensitizer containing same compound
JPH01298363A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH0561224A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body