JPH03150334A - Wear-resistant alloy cast iron - Google Patents

Wear-resistant alloy cast iron

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Publication number
JPH03150334A
JPH03150334A JP28733289A JP28733289A JPH03150334A JP H03150334 A JPH03150334 A JP H03150334A JP 28733289 A JP28733289 A JP 28733289A JP 28733289 A JP28733289 A JP 28733289A JP H03150334 A JPH03150334 A JP H03150334A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
wear
cast iron
hardness
resistant alloy
wear resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP28733289A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0541691B2 (en
Inventor
Tsutomu Togawa
戸川 勉
Kiyoshi Arai
荒井 澂
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kurimoto Ltd
Original Assignee
Kurimoto Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kurimoto Ltd filed Critical Kurimoto Ltd
Priority to JP28733289A priority Critical patent/JPH03150334A/en
Publication of JPH03150334A publication Critical patent/JPH03150334A/en
Publication of JPH0541691B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0541691B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To manufacture the wear-resistant alloy improved in hardness and impact value by successively subjecting high chromium cast iron contg. specified ratios of C, Si, Mn, Cr, Mo, W and B to quenching and tempering treatment in a specified temp. range. CONSTITUTION:High chromium cast iron contg., by weight, 2.7 to 3.5% C, 0.2 to 1.0% Si, 0.5 to 1.5% Mn, 27 to 34% Cr, 0.5 to 2.0% Mo, 0.5 to 2.0% W, <=0.1% B and the balance substantial Fe with <=0.1% P and <=0.1% S as inevitable impurities is held under heating at 950 to 1100 deg.C, is thereafter subjected to quenching treatment and is tempered at 200 to 500 deg.C. In this way, the wear-resistant alloy cast iron having >=62 hardness in Rockwell hardness(HRC) and >=0.23kgm/cm<2> Charpy impact value can be obtd.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 の この発明は、硬さが口2クウェル硬さ (HlC)で62以上を示す耐摩耗性にすぐれた耐摩耗
合金鋳鉄に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a wear-resistant cast iron alloy having excellent wear resistance and having a hardness of 62 or more in terms of hardness (HlC).

l米史荻恵 従来、例えば化学成分が重量比で02.5%。l Beishi Ogie Conventionally, for example, the chemical component was 02.5% by weight.

Cr!L・%、 Nip−68%、 Mo0.41%で
硬さHRC57〜Go、衝撃値0.2・〜0.24%k
g m / cdを保有する高クロム鋳鉄(耐摩耗合金
鋳鉄)が各種岩石、鉱石、石炭などの破砕機や粉砕ミル
Cr! L・%, Nip-68%, Mo0.41%, hardness HRC57~Go, impact value 0.2・~0.24%k
High chromium cast iron (wear-resistant alloy cast iron) with gm/cd is used in crushers and grinding mills for various rocks, ores, coal, etc.

製鉄機械部品、浚渫船用部品などに一般に広く使眉され
ている。
It is widely used in steel manufacturing machinery parts, dredger parts, etc.

また最近では、前記部品の保守点検軽減策としてさらに
耐摩耗性のすぐれた耐摩耗合金鋳鉄の開発が必要とされ
ている。
Recently, there has been a need to develop wear-resistant cast iron alloys with even better wear resistance as a measure to reduce maintenance and inspection of the above-mentioned parts.

一般に耐摩耗合金鋳鉄の耐摩耗性は、硬さとの相関関係
が強く、高硬度材はど耐摩耗性が優れている。
Generally, the wear resistance of wear-resistant cast iron alloys has a strong correlation with hardness, and high-hardness materials have excellent wear resistance.

が  しよ   る そのため、従来から高クロム鋳鉄では硬さを高めるべく
化学成分面での検討が多くなされてきた。例えば前記従
来材のCやM0の含有%を高め、Niに換えてWを含有
させ硬さを高めるような方策が講じられているが、この
ような方策では割れが発生したり、欠落が生じたりなど
して実用上での使用寿命が短いという問題点があった。
For this reason, much research has been done on the chemical composition of high-chromium cast iron in order to increase its hardness. For example, measures have been taken to increase the content of C and M0 in the conventional materials and to increase the hardness by including W in place of Ni, but such measures may cause cracks or chipping. There was a problem that the practical use life was short due to such reasons.

すなわち、前記寿命に起因するところは、一般に硬さを
高めるとその反面靭性が低下するためであり、このよう
に耐摩耗合金鋳鉄の耐摩耗性は硬さのみに依存するので
はなく。
That is, the above-mentioned lifespan is due to the fact that increasing hardness generally reduces toughness, and thus the wear resistance of wear-resistant cast iron alloys does not depend only on hardness.

靭性にも左右されるところにある。It also depends on toughness.

そこで、この発明は、前記のような問題点を解決し、耐
摩耗合金鋳鉄の耐摩耗性改善でネックとなっていた硬化
に伴う脆化を防止し、かつ耐摩耗性の改善を図って、耐
摩耗用部品の寿命延長を図ることを目的とするものであ
る。
Therefore, this invention solves the above-mentioned problems, prevents the embrittlement caused by hardening, which has been a bottleneck in improving the wear resistance of wear-resistant alloy cast iron, and improves the wear resistance. The purpose is to extend the life of wear-resistant parts.

るための 前記目的を達成するため、この発明に係る耐摩耗合金鋳
鉄は、化学成分が重量比でC2゜7〜3.5%、 Si
n−2〜1.0%、 MnO,S〜1.S%。
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the wear-resistant alloy cast iron according to the present invention has chemical components of C2.7 to 3.5% by weight and Si.
n-2~1.0%, MnO, S~1. S%.

Cr27〜34%、 MoO,5〜2.0%、 WO−
5〜2.0%。
Cr27~34%, MoO, 5~2.0%, WO-
5-2.0%.

80.1%以下、残部が実質的にFeおよび不可避不純
物であるPO,1%以下、S0.1%以下からなる高ク
ロム鋳鉄を、950−1100℃で加熱保持した後に焼
入処理し、200〜500℃にて焼戻すことにより、硬
さがHRC62以上およびシャルピー衝撃値が0.23
以上であることを特徴とする特 走−一一里 前記組成および熱処理を行うことによって靭性を高め、
同時に耐摩耗性を低減させないような炭化物および基地
組織に調整し、従来材に比べ大巾な寿命改善を達成でき
る。
High chromium cast iron consisting of 80.1% or less, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities, PO, 1% or less, and S 0.1% or less, is heated and held at 950-1100°C and then quenched to 200% By tempering at ~500℃, the hardness is HRC62 or higher and the Charpy impact value is 0.23.
Tokusou-Iichiri characterized by the above-mentioned composition and heat treatment to increase toughness,
At the same time, by adjusting the carbide and matrix structure so that it does not reduce wear resistance, it is possible to achieve a significant improvement in life compared to conventional materials.

以下に合金成分および熱処理条件を前記範囲に限定した
理由を述べる。
The reason why the alloy components and heat treatment conditions were limited to the above ranges will be described below.

C: 2.7%未満の場合、晶出および析出する炭化物
量が少なく、耐摩耗性の点で十分でない、また、Cが3
.5%を超えると靭性が低下し、鋳造や使用時での割れ
発生の危険性が増大する。したがって、2,7〜3.5
%(好ましい範囲は2.8〜3.2%)とする。
C: If it is less than 2.7%, the amount of carbides crystallized and precipitated will be small, and the wear resistance will not be sufficient.
.. If it exceeds 5%, the toughness decreases and the risk of cracking during casting or use increases. Therefore, 2,7-3.5
% (preferable range is 2.8 to 3.2%).

Si:主として溶湯の脱酸を目的として添加するが、1
.0%を超えるとトルースタイトを生成し、耐摩耗性を
劣化させ、また靭性面からも好ましくない、また0、2
%を切ると鋳造性を害する。したがって、0.2〜1.
0%(好ましい範囲は0.3〜0.9%)とする。
Si: Added mainly for the purpose of deoxidizing the molten metal, but 1
.. If it exceeds 0%, troostite is generated, which deteriorates wear resistance and is also unfavorable from the viewpoint of toughness.
% will harm castability. Therefore, 0.2 to 1.
0% (preferable range is 0.3 to 0.9%).

Mn:溶湯の脱酸効果を得るために◎、5%以上は必要
であるが、1.5%を超えると残留オーステナイトが増
え、硬さの低下をまねく。
Mn: ◎ 5% or more is necessary to obtain the deoxidizing effect of the molten metal, but if it exceeds 1.5%, retained austenite increases and hardness decreases.

したがって、0.5〜1,5%(好ましい範囲は0.5
〜1.2%)とする。
Therefore, 0.5-1.5% (the preferred range is 0.5%
~1.2%).

Cr:27%未満では形成されるクロム炭化物量が少な
くなって耐摩耗性が劣り、34%を超えると靭性が低下
し割れ易くなる。したがって、27〜34%(好ましい
範囲は28〜32%)とする。
Cr: If it is less than 27%, the amount of chromium carbide formed will be small and the wear resistance will be poor, and if it exceeds 34%, the toughness will be reduced and it will be easy to crack. Therefore, it is set at 27 to 34% (preferable range is 28 to 32%).

MO:冷却速度の遅くなる肉厚品においてトルースタイ
トの生成を抑制するために0.5%以上は必要で、また
Moを含んだ硬質炭化物を形成し耐摩耗性改養に効果が
ある。しかし、2.0%を超えてもこれら効果を高める
作用に乏しく、経済的に不利である。したがって、0.
5〜2.0%(好ましい範囲は0.5〜1.5%)とす
る。
MO: 0.5% or more is necessary to suppress the formation of troostite in thick-walled products where the cooling rate is slow, and it is effective in improving wear resistance by forming hard carbides containing Mo. However, even if the content exceeds 2.0%, the effect of enhancing these effects is poor and it is economically disadvantageous. Therefore, 0.
The content is 5 to 2.0% (the preferred range is 0.5 to 1.5%).

W:硬さを高めるのに必須の成分で、0.5%以上は必
要とするが、2.0%を超えると靭性を劣化させる。し
たがって、0.5〜2.0%(好ましい範囲は0.5〜
1.5%)とする。B:耐摩耗性改蓄に有効であるが、
0.1%を超えると靭性を大巾に劣化させる。したがっ
て、0.02〜0.1%(好ましい範囲は0,02〜0
.05%−)とする。
W: An essential component to increase hardness, 0.5% or more is required, but if it exceeds 2.0%, toughness deteriorates. Therefore, 0.5 to 2.0% (preferable range is 0.5 to 2.0%)
1.5%). B: Effective for improving wear resistance,
If it exceeds 0.1%, the toughness will be significantly deteriorated. Therefore, 0.02 to 0.1% (the preferred range is 0.02 to 0
.. 05%-).

次に、熱処理条件として焼入温度は950℃未満では2
次析出炭化物が少なく、硬さが低下し、1200℃を超
えると残留オーステナイト量が増え耐摩耗性を劣化させ
る。したがって、焼入温度は950〜1100℃とする
−一方、焼戻温度は200℃未満では焼入のままのもの
と靭性レベルが変わらず効果がなく、500℃を超える
と硬さを大巾に低下させて耐摩耗性を劣化させる。した
がって、焼戻温度は200〜500℃とする。
Next, as a heat treatment condition, the quenching temperature is 2
There are few secondary precipitated carbides, the hardness decreases, and when the temperature exceeds 1200°C, the amount of retained austenite increases and the wear resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the quenching temperature should be 950-1100℃ - On the other hand, if the tempering temperature is less than 200℃, the toughness level will remain the same as that of the as-quenched product, and it will not be effective, and if it exceeds 500℃, the hardness will be significantly reduced. and deteriorate wear resistance. Therefore, the tempering temperature is set at 200 to 500°C.

このようにして得られる耐摩耗合金鋳鉄は硬さHRC6
2以上に達し、靭性も改養され。
The wear-resistant alloy cast iron obtained in this way has a hardness of HRC6.
2 or higher, and the toughness has also been improved.

耐摩耗性の向上が得られる。Improved wear resistance can be obtained.

ス」L透 以下に、この発明を実施例によって説明する。S'L Toru This invention will be explained below by way of examples.

ルlし−−F 第1表にこの発明の実施例ならびに対比のための比較材
の化学成分と熱処理を例示し、さらにそれらの各々にお
ける硬度測定 (81C)、摩耗試験、衝撃試験の結果を明記する。
Table 1 shows the chemical composition and heat treatment of examples of the present invention and comparative materials for comparison, and also shows the results of hardness measurement (81C), abrasion test, and impact test for each of them. Specify clearly.

前記の各供試材は、高周波溶解炉にて1650℃で溶解
し、CO2鋳型である80■厚さのYブロックに鋳込み
、常温まで冷却した後、焼入(比較材)または焼入・焼
戻しく450C保持後に空冷:本発明材)の熱処理を施
したものである。比較材は前記した従来材の改良材とし
て硬度を高めた材質のものを採用した。
Each of the above test materials was melted at 1650°C in a high-frequency melting furnace, cast into a Y block with a thickness of 80 cm, which is a CO2 mold, and cooled to room temperature, then quenched (comparative material) or quenched and tempered. After being held at 450C, the material was air-cooled (invention material). The comparison material used was a material with increased hardness as an improved material of the conventional material described above.

また、表中における耐摩耗倍数は摩耗形態の異なる引掻
摩耗と衝撃摩耗についてそれぞれ求めたものであり、引
掻摩耗は3号珪砂中を周速0.Is/sscx64Hr
、衝撃摩耗は約2o閤φの石英斑岩中を周速14m/s
ecX20分にて乾式の摩耗試験を行い、同時試験した
基準材(5541)の摩耗量と比較し、基準材の摩耗量
を1とした時の倍数で示した。
In addition, the wear resistance multiples in the table were determined for scratch wear and impact wear, which have different forms of wear, and the scratch wear was measured in No. 3 silica sand at a circumferential speed of 0. Is/sscx64Hr
, impact wear was at a circumferential speed of 14 m/s in quartz porphyry with a diameter of approximately 2 o.
A dry abrasion test was conducted at ecX for 20 minutes, and the wear amount was compared with the reference material (5541) tested at the same time, and the results are expressed as a multiple of the reference material's abrasion amount of 1.

(以下余白) 前記試験結果によれば、本発明材は比較材に比して、硬
さの点においては同等の高硬度を保有し、衝撃値におい
ては33.5%アップしたものが得られ、前記した従来
材の硬さを高めることによって靭性が低下する点が改良
されていることがわかる。さらに、耐摩耗性においても
引掻摩耗形態では145倍、衝撃摩耗形態では1.68
倍の優位をもち、優れた耐摩耗性を具備するものである
ことがわかる。
(Left below) According to the above test results, the material of the present invention has the same high hardness as the comparative material, and has a 33.5% increase in impact value. , it can be seen that by increasing the hardness of the conventional material described above, the decrease in toughness is improved. Furthermore, the wear resistance is 145 times higher for scratch wear type and 1.68 times higher for impact wear type.
It can be seen that it is twice as superior and has excellent wear resistance.

し    ース 第2表は前記本発明材1と同一成分のYブロックを用い
ての熱処理と機械的性質および耐摩耗性の関係を調べた
結果である。各種試験内容は引張り試験を追加したほか
は第1表に準するものである。
Table 2 shows the results of investigating the relationship between heat treatment, mechanical properties, and wear resistance using a Y block with the same components as the material 1 of the present invention. The various test contents are similar to Table 1, except for the addition of a tensile test.

熱処理としては、比較材と対比するための焼入のままを
含め、焼入後における250℃焼戻し、450℃焼戻し
、550℃焼戻しを施した。
As for the heat treatment, 250°C tempering, 450°C tempering, and 550°C tempering were performed after quenching, including as-quenched material for comparison with comparative materials.

9428(:”*”@#t^r7) ■l     1  機械的性質 耐摩耗倍数GtSS
41) l前記試験結果によれば、本発明材においては
、NnAの焼入のままでも比較材に比べてBの添加など
化学成分の相違から衝撃値および耐摩耗倍数において若
干の上昇が認められるが、lJnBの250℃戻し、&
Cの450℃戻しのように高レベル値が得られるもので
ない、また。
9428 (:”*”@#t^r7) ■l 1 Mechanical properties Wear resistance multiple GtSS
41) According to the above test results, the impact value and wear resistance factor of the present invention material are slightly increased compared to the comparative material even after NnA quenching due to the difference in chemical components such as the addition of B. But return lJnB to 250℃, &
Also, high level values cannot be obtained like when the temperature is returned to 450°C.

NnDのように焼戻し温度が高くなり550℃戻しとも
なると、硬度、耐摩耗倍数が著しく低下することを示唆
している。
This suggests that when the tempering temperature is increased to 550° C. like NnD, the hardness and wear resistance factor are significantly reduced.

したがって、本発明材においての焼戻し温度としては2
00〜500℃が好ましいとするものである。
Therefore, the tempering temperature for the material of the present invention is 2
The temperature is preferably 00 to 500°C.

ス」七1各1一 次に、以上の確性テストを行った同等品を実地に使用し
た結果を第3表に例示する。
Table 3 shows the results of actual use of equivalent products that underwent the above accuracy tests.

実地箇所はシールド工事に使うスラリーポンプの耐摩耗
部品としてであり、該部品のうち最も摩耗の激しいフロ
ントライナー(外径350■X内径ISOm+X肉厚3
◎■)に適用した。
The actual site is the front liner (outer diameter 350 x inner diameter ISO m + wall thickness 3
◎■) was applied.

スラリー性状は5102約60%、粒径5■アンダーの
ものである。
The properties of the slurry were approximately 60% of 5102, and the particle size was 5 cm or less.

(以下余白) 怠    枕    、j     j派   +  
     11−1    口  ト11   「川 
 gl   =1 11−1−I−1 111h   尊 l 第3表に示すように、実地使用においての本発明材は、
靭性を加味した従来材に比し、硬度が高いにもかかわら
ず同等またはそれ以上の衝撃値を有することから、使用
中、使用後での割れや欠落の様子は全く認められなかっ
た。また。この実地使用での摩耗の度合は、従来材の1
時間当り28.5 gの摩耗減量に対しIs、3gの摩
耗減量で済むことから、約1.86倍の耐摩耗性の向上
を持つことが実証された。
(Left below) Lazy pillow, j j faction +
11-1 Mouth 11 ``River
gl = 1 11-1-I-1 111h As shown in Table 3, the material of the present invention in actual use is:
Compared to conventional materials that take into account toughness, it has the same or higher impact value despite its higher hardness, so no cracking or chipping was observed during or after use. Also. The degree of wear during this actual use was 1/2 compared to conventional materials.
Compared to the wear loss of 28.5 g per hour, the wear loss of Is is only 3 g, which proves that the wear resistance is improved by about 1.86 times.

又五互羞釆 この発明では前記のような高クロム鋳鉄、すなわちC2
,7〜3.5%、SiO−2〜1.0%、Mn0.5〜
1.5%、 Cr27〜34%、Mo0.5〜2.0%
、WO,S〜2.0%、B0.1%以下、残部が実質的
にFeおよび不可避不純物であるP0.1%以下、So
−1%以下からなる合金鋳鉄を、95G−1100℃で
加熱保持した後に焼入処理し、200〜500℃にて焼
戻すことにより、衝撃値が従来材と同等もしくは0.2
3kgm/ad以上、硬さが従来材の硬度を高めたもの
と同等のHRC62以上の財力を保有する合金鋳鉄を得
ることができるため、耐摩耗性に寄与する硬度を高める
と靭性が低下するという懸念を払拭することができて、
実地使用に際して引掻摩耗形態、衝撃摩耗形態に拘らず
割れや欠落を危惧することなく、耐摩耗用部品等に採用
することができる。
In addition, in this invention, the above-mentioned high chromium cast iron, that is, C2
, 7~3.5%, SiO-2~1.0%, Mn0.5~
1.5%, Cr27-34%, Mo0.5-2.0%
, WO, S ~ 2.0%, B 0.1% or less, P 0.1% or less, the remainder being substantially Fe and unavoidable impurities, So
-1% or less alloyed cast iron is heated and held at 95G-1100℃, then quenched and tempered at 200 to 500℃, so that the impact value is equal to or 0.2% as that of conventional materials.
It is possible to obtain alloy cast iron with a hardness of 3 kgm/ad or more and a hardness of HRC 62 or more, which is equivalent to that of conventional materials with increased hardness. I was able to dispel my concerns,
In actual use, it can be used in wear-resistant parts without worrying about cracking or chipping, regardless of whether it is subjected to scratch wear or impact wear.

また、耐摩耗性においても、硬度を高めた従来材よりも
引掻摩耗と衝撃摩耗の両面で優位性をもつものとするこ
とができるため、前記した実地使用結果でも明らかなよ
うに、従来材の摩耗減量を大巾に改善することができ、
耐摩耗用部品の寿命延長を大きく図ることができ得るな
どの効果を有する。
In addition, in terms of wear resistance, it can be made superior to conventional materials with increased hardness in terms of both scratch wear and impact wear. can greatly improve the wear loss of
This has the effect of greatly extending the life of wear-resistant parts.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1、化学成分が重量比でC2.7〜3.5%、Si0.
2〜1.0%、Mn0.5〜1.5%、Cr27〜34
%、Mo0.5〜2.0%、W0.5〜2.0%、B0
.1%以下、残部が実質的にFeおよび不可避不純物で
あるP0.1%以下、S0.1%以下からなる高クロム
鋳鉄を、950〜1100℃で加熱保持した後に焼入処
理し、200〜500℃にて焼戻すことにより、硬さが
HRC62以上およびシャルピー衝撃値が0.23以上
であることを特徴とする耐摩耗合金鋳鉄。
1. Chemical components are C2.7-3.5% by weight, Si0.
2-1.0%, Mn0.5-1.5%, Cr27-34
%, Mo0.5-2.0%, W0.5-2.0%, B0
.. High chromium cast iron consisting of P0.1% or less and S0.1% or less, the remainder being substantially Fe and unavoidable impurities, is heated and held at 950 to 1100°C and then quenched to a temperature of 200 to 500°C. A wear-resistant alloy cast iron characterized by having a hardness of HRC 62 or more and a Charpy impact value of 0.23 or more by tempering at ℃.
JP28733289A 1989-11-06 1989-11-06 Wear-resistant alloy cast iron Granted JPH03150334A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP28733289A JPH03150334A (en) 1989-11-06 1989-11-06 Wear-resistant alloy cast iron

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP28733289A JPH03150334A (en) 1989-11-06 1989-11-06 Wear-resistant alloy cast iron

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH03150334A true JPH03150334A (en) 1991-06-26
JPH0541691B2 JPH0541691B2 (en) 1993-06-24

Family

ID=17715998

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP28733289A Granted JPH03150334A (en) 1989-11-06 1989-11-06 Wear-resistant alloy cast iron

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH03150334A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015504481A (en) * 2011-11-14 2015-02-12 エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド Alloy cast iron and method of manufacturing vane using the same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0586417U (en) * 1992-04-27 1993-11-22 協進工業株式会社 Longitudinal cutting device for cable insertion tube

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015504481A (en) * 2011-11-14 2015-02-12 エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド Alloy cast iron and method of manufacturing vane using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0541691B2 (en) 1993-06-24

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