JPH03140775A - Snow making device and its method - Google Patents
Snow making device and its methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03140775A JPH03140775A JP27735489A JP27735489A JPH03140775A JP H03140775 A JPH03140775 A JP H03140775A JP 27735489 A JP27735489 A JP 27735489A JP 27735489 A JP27735489 A JP 27735489A JP H03140775 A JPH03140775 A JP H03140775A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- air
- flow
- snow
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
- F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
- F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water
- F25C2303/0481—Snow making by using means for spraying water with the use of compressed air
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〈産業上の利用分野〉
本発明は比較的に低圧の圧縮された空気を用いて雪を作
る装置および方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for making snow using relatively low pressure compressed air.
〈従来の技術〉
この適用範囲は米国特許出願番号第０５３，１４３ （
１９８７年５月２１日）の部分継続である。<Prior Art> The scope of this application is U.S. Patent Application No. 053,143 (
This is a partial continuation of May 21, 1987).
一般に雪を作る方法は、いわゆる空気を用いるか、空気
を用いないかの２方法に分顎できる。前者は通常比較的
に高い空気圧で、水を小粒に粉砕し、その小粒を氷点に
ある空気中に分される。また後者は雪を作るのに水滴を
空気中に分散させるため送風機の使用以外は圧縮空気を
使用していない。実質的に「空気の使用」と「空気を使
用しない」雪を作る装置は、めいめい米国特許節２，６
７６．４７１および第２．９６８，１６４にみられる。In general, there are two ways to make snow: using air or not using air. The former usually uses relatively high air pressure to crush water into small particles, which are then dispersed into air at freezing point. The latter also does not use compressed air to make snow, other than the use of blowers to disperse water droplets into the air. Substantially "air" and "airless" snow making devices are covered by U.S. Patent Sections 2 and 6, respectively.
76.471 and 2.968,164.
水滴の粉砕、推進、および氷粒の発生の制御の違いのた
めに、空気の使用と空気を使用しない雪を作る装置は異
なった気温では異なった動作特性を持っている。空気を
使用しない装置では約華氏２４度以下の低温で勝れてい
る。Due to differences in water droplet crushing, propulsion, and control of ice particle generation, air-based and airless snow-making devices have different operating characteristics at different temperatures. Airless devices have achieved low temperatures of about 24 degrees Fahrenheit or less.
く本発明が解決しようとする問題点〉
空気を用いて雪を作る装置は低温における不利を除いて
は水の氷点近くの温度で勝れた動作をするが、これは一
般に固定された混合するのど部の大きさは水と混合され
る空気量を制限するからである。さらに、空気装置は水
滴を充分な大きさまで粉砕するに必要な１００ｐｓ ｉ
ｇ以上、あるいはそれ以上の比較的高い気圧のため、
屋外での使用は不利である。高圧空気の使用は雪を作る
ためには高価となり、高率が悪い欠点がある。Problems to be Solved by the Invention Devices that make snow using air operate excellently at temperatures near the freezing point of water, except for the disadvantages at low temperatures; This is because the size of the throat limits the amount of air that can be mixed with water. In addition, the pneumatic device provides the necessary 100 ps i to crush water droplets to sufficient size.
Due to the relatively high atmospheric pressure of more than g or more,
Outdoor use is disadvantageous. The use of high pressure air to make snow is expensive and has the disadvantage of high yields.
く問題点を解決するための手段〉
本発明は従来のかかる欠点を除き、３Ｑｐｓｉｇの通常
の範囲の低圧で加圧された空気流と、加圧された水流と
を与え、空気と水との混合物の第１の流れを得るため空
気流と水流との結合、その後空気と水との混合物の第２
の流れを形成のため周囲を取巻く温度の空気源から第１
の流れに空気の一部を吸い込ませて行う混合、および水
を凍らせ雪を作り出すため大気中に第２の流れの分散を
含む雪を作り出すための方法を提供するものである。前
述の具体例において、方法は少くなくとも３００ｐｓ
ｉ ｇの入口圧力をもつ水の中心の流れと、空気流と水
流との結合と移動の速さより大きく、第１の混合物を同
軸状に結合させて作り出すために、約３０ｐｓｉｇの圧
力の空気の周囲を取り巻く環状の流れとが使用されてい
る。低い圧力で氷点温度の周囲を取巻く空気は約４４−
６ｐｓｉの圧力にすぎず、むしろ大気圧であるほうがよ
い。Means for Solving the Problems> The present invention eliminates these drawbacks of the prior art and provides a pressurized air flow and a pressurized water flow at a low pressure in the normal range of 3 Q psig, and the air and water Combining the air and water streams to obtain a first stream of mixture, followed by a second stream of air and water mixture.
from the surrounding temperature air source to form a flow of
The present invention provides a method for producing snow that involves mixing by drawing in a portion of the air into a stream of air, and dispersing a second stream into the atmosphere to freeze the water and create snow. In the foregoing embodiment, the method provides at least 300 ps
A central stream of water with an inlet pressure of i g and a stream of air at a pressure of about 30 psig to create a coaxially coupled first mixture greater than the coupling and speed of movement of the air and water streams. A circumferential annular flow is used. The surrounding air at freezing point temperature at low pressure is about 44-
The pressure is only 6 psi, preferably atmospheric pressure.
また他の面では、本発明は空気流を供給するために加圧
された空気源と結合する第１の通路、水流を供給するた
めに加圧された空気源と結合する第２の通路、空気と水
との混合物のながれの供給のために、空気流と水流とを
結合させる第１と第２との通路を結合させる混合の手段
、水と空気との混合物め第２の流れを形成するために低
圧で周囲を取り巻く温度の空気の源から第１の流れに、
空気の逆流吸込みを発生させる目的の混合手段と、第２
の流れで水を凍らせ雪にするため第２の流れを氷点温度
中に分散させる手段などを含んだ雪を作る装置を提供す
るものである。前述の装置の具体例において、水のため
の第２野の通路は一般に中心の位置にあり、水に対して
調整ができる出口通路を含み、また第１の通路は環状で
あり、第２の通路を取り巻き、混合する手段は同軸状空
気と水の流れを結合する。In still other aspects, the invention provides a first passageway coupled to a source of pressurized air to provide a flow of air; a second passageway coupled to a source of pressurized air to provide a flow of water; mixing means for combining the first and second passages that combine the air and water streams for supplying a stream of the air and water mixture, forming a second stream of the water and air mixture; into a first stream from a source of air at a surrounding temperature at a low pressure to
mixing means for the purpose of generating backflow suction of air;
The present invention provides an apparatus for making snow, including means for dispersing a second stream at a freezing point temperature in order to freeze water into snow using a second stream. In the above-described device embodiment, the second field passageway for water includes a generally centrally located and adjustable outlet passageway for the water, and the first passageway is annular and the second field passageway Surrounding the passageway, mixing means combine coaxial air and water flows.
さらに他の面では、本発明は第２の流れの中で水が凍る
のを促進させるために核をなす動因と、加圧された水の
流れを供給するために、調整できる出口管を持つ中心水
路と核をなす氷粒を作り出すのに十分な水と混ぜて冷や
す加圧された空気の環状の流れを供給するために水路を
取り巻く環状の空気路とを第２の流れに核となる氷粒を
加えるため核形成器が使用される。In yet another aspect, the present invention has a core drive for promoting freezing of water in a second stream and an adjustable outlet tube for providing a pressurized flow of water. Nucleate a central channel and a second flow with an annular air passage surrounding the channel to provide an annular flow of pressurized air that mixes with and cools enough water to nucleate ice grains. A nucleator is used to add ice particles.
く作用〉
低圧で加圧された空気と水とを供給して第１段の混合管
で混合されて出口より放出された混合物に、さらに空気
の一部を加え、第２段混合管で泡立った混合物とする。Effect〉 Air and water pressurized at low pressure are supplied and mixed in the first stage mixing tube, and a part of the air is added to the mixture discharged from the outlet, and the mixture is foamed in the second stage mixing tube. Make a mixture.
この出口より放出された泡立った混合物に雪の核となる
氷粒を生成する核形成器を設けて雪が放出される。Snow is discharged by providing a nucleator that generates ice particles that become the nuclei of snow in the foamy mixture discharged from the outlet.
〈実施例〉
本発明の雪を作る装置の実施例を第１図、第２図および
第３図に示す。<Example> An example of the snow-making device of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.
第１図で明らかなように、装置１０の外箱１２には加圧
された水が供給される水の入口１４と、加圧あるいは圧
縮された空気源に結合される空気入口部材１６を含んで
いる。水の入口１４は装置１０の第１段の混合体２２に
直接導かれる。空気入口部材１６は加圧された空気の流
れを調節するハンドル７８が取付けられた弁７６と導管
によって接がれている。弁７６は一般に筒状の第１段混
合体２２に結合されて導かれる空気管１８の２本の分岐
管に供給される１字状部材である。また空気圧計７４が
空気入口部材１６の空気圧を読むために設けられてい。As seen in FIG. 1, the outer box 12 of the device 10 includes a water inlet 14 for supplying pressurized water and an air inlet member 16 for coupling to a source of pressurized or compressed air. I'm here. The water inlet 14 leads directly to the first stage mixer 22 of the device 10. The air inlet member 16 is connected by a conduit to a valve 76 having an attached handle 78 for regulating the flow of pressurized air. Valve 76 is a single-shaped member that feeds into two branch pipes of air line 18 that is connected to and leads to generally cylindrical first stage mixer 22 . An air pressure gauge 74 is also provided to read the air pressure in the air inlet member 16.
雪の作り始めに加圧された水流を作り出すために、水の
入口１４は加圧された水源に接し、また適当なニードル
弁２４で終る第１段混合体２２内の筒状の空間６８に導
かれる。ニードル弁２４は第１段混合体２２ののど部２
６を通り、また第１段の混合管３０内で同軸状に矢印の
方向に水流２９の放出を手助けする。To create a pressurized stream of water at the beginning of snow formation, the water inlet 14 is connected to a pressurized water source and to a cylindrical space 68 in the first stage mixer 22 terminating in a suitable needle valve 24. be guided. The needle valve 24 is connected to the throat 2 of the first stage mixture 22.
6 and assists in the discharge of a water stream 29 coaxially within the first stage mixing tube 30 in the direction of the arrow.
さらに第３図に明らかなように、水の入口１４は外部に
水の入口部材５０を持ち、そこを通る水の流れを調節す
る外部調整用ノブ６２が設けられている。ニードル弁２
４は円筒状のオリフィス５３に集中し、そこを通って針
状先端５６で終わっている円錐状ののど部５２を管の出
口に持っている。ニードル軸５４はねじ部６０を持ち針
状先端５６をのど部５２とオリフィス５３間に出し入れ
させるために着けられている調整用ノブ６２の回動によ
って軸方向の動きを調節できる。オリフィス５３に出し
入りされる針状先端５６の動きは加圧された水滴の高速
の流れが現れる環状の開口面５８の面積を相対的に拡大
縮小させる。連続的に調節と変化できる環状の水の出口
を持つこの種の弁は、そこを通る水流比に何らの水圧と
運動量の影響を受けずに容易に制御できるので、この発
明の雪を作る装置の第１段に用いるのに好ましい。As further seen in FIG. 3, the water inlet 14 has an external water inlet member 50 provided with an external adjustment knob 62 for regulating the flow of water therethrough. Needle valve 2
4 has at the exit of the tube a conical throat 52 converging in a cylindrical orifice 53 through which it terminates in a needle tip 56. The needle shaft 54 has a threaded portion 60, and its axial movement can be adjusted by rotating an adjustment knob 62 that is attached to move the needle tip 56 in and out between the throat portion 52 and the orifice 53. Movement of the needle tip 56 into and out of the orifice 53 relatively expands and contracts the area of the annular opening surface 58 in which the high-speed flow of pressurized water droplets appears. This type of valve with an annular water outlet that can be adjusted and varied continuously allows the snow making device of this invention to be easily controlled, since the water flow ratio through it can be easily controlled without any water pressure and momentum influence. It is preferable to use it in the first stage.
この型の弁は、たとえゲート弁やボール弁のような出口
管の上流の水圧を減少させて水流を制御させる他の型の
弁と比べられる。明らかなように、本発明の実施にあた
っては、水の運動量の維持は効率のよい雪作りの成功に
とって重要である。This type of valve is compared to other types of valves that control water flow by reducing water pressure upstream of the outlet pipe, such as gate valves and ball valves. As can be seen, in practicing the present invention, maintaining water momentum is important to the success of efficient snowmaking.
ここで第１図と第２図にもどると、空気管１８からの加
圧された空気は反対側で第１段の混合体２２の空間６８
に受は入れられる。ニードル弁２４を取り巻いて形成さ
れた同軸で環状の開口部２８は第１段混合体２２に出入
りするように、矢印で示された方向に環状の空気流２５
を供給している。なだらかに−点に集めた第１段の本体
ののど部２６は比較的に小さい角度で集中するため空気
流２５を生じ、またニードル弁２４から放射される水流
２９と混合する。直線状の第１段の混合管３０は第１段
段の本体ののど部２６の出口端につながり、またニード
ル弁２４と環状空気の開口部２８とは同軸に一列に並べ
られる。混合管３０は第１段混合体２２から延長され、
その径に対する長さとの比は約２０対１である。すでに
知られている流体技術の流体ジェットガスポンプは泡立
った空気と水の混合物を効率よく混ぜるため、長さに比
べて最適の直径を持っている。雪を作るこの技術の使用
は先例がないとおもわれ、また本発明の実施例の主要な
特徴である。Returning now to FIGS. 1 and 2, pressurized air from air tube 18 is directed to space 68 of first stage mixer 22 on the opposite side.
The reception is accepted. A coaxial annular opening 28 formed around the needle valve 24 directs an annular air flow 25 into and out of the first stage mixer 22 in the direction indicated by the arrows.
is supplied. The throat 26 of the gently converging first stage body produces an air stream 25 due to its concentration at a relatively small angle and mixes with the water stream 29 radiating from the needle valve 24. A straight first stage mixing tube 30 connects to the outlet end of the first stage body throat 26, and the needle valve 24 and annular air opening 28 are coaxially aligned. A mixing tube 30 extends from the first stage mixing body 22;
Its length to diameter ratio is about 20:1. Fluid jet gas pumps of known fluid technology have an optimal diameter compared to their length in order to efficiently mix the foamed air and water mixture. The use of this technique to create snow is believed to be unprecedented and is a key feature of embodiments of the present invention.
またこの発明によれば、矢印６４のように第１の混合管
３０の末端３２から放出された水と空気との泡立った混
合物６４をさらに冷やし、混ぜるため、混合管３０の第
１段混合管出口端３２を取り巻く第２段混合体３４が提
供されている。第２段混合体３４の環状の開口端３６は
低圧で氷点温度にある空気を第２段混合体３４の内部に
供給されるようになる。Also according to the invention, the first stage mixing tube of the mixing tube 30 is configured to further cool and mix the foamy mixture 64 of water and air discharged from the end 32 of the first mixing tube 30 as indicated by the arrow 64. A second stage mixer 34 is provided surrounding the outlet end 32. The annular open end 36 of the second stage mixer 34 allows air at low pressure and freezing temperature to be supplied into the second stage mixer 34 .
この実施例に示されるように混合管３０の第１段混合管
出口３２と第２段のど部３８間の距離は混合管３０の直
径の２−３倍である。この間隔は吸入される空気の量の
変化に対して変わることもある。第２段のど部３８は、
これと混合管３０と同軸上に一列に並べられた直線状の
第２段混合管４０に通じる。この第２段混合管４０は第
２段の空気または水の混合物にて吸入される膨大な流れ
に適応させるため混合管３０よりも軸に直交する著しく
大なる断面積を持っている。第２段混合管４０は空気と
水よりなる第２の混合物が通りながら大気中に放出され
る管末を形成している。第１図と第２図に示される実施
例においては、第２段混合管４０の長さと直径の比は８
：１である。As shown in this embodiment, the distance between the first stage mixing tube outlet 32 and the second stage throat 38 of the mixing tube 30 is 2-3 times the diameter of the mixing tube 30. This interval may vary as the amount of air inhaled changes. The second stage throat section 38 is
This communicates with a straight second-stage mixing tube 40 that is coaxially aligned with the mixing tube 30 . This second stage mixing tube 40 has a significantly larger cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis than the mixing tube 30 in order to accommodate the large incoming flow of the second stage air or water mixture. The second stage mixing tube 40 forms a tube end through which a second mixture of air and water passes and is discharged into the atmosphere. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the length to diameter ratio of the second stage mixing tube 40 is 8.
:1.
矢印で示される空気と水との流れ４４の中にさらに氷粒
を加えるため、第１図のように、この空気と水との流れ
４４と結合する氷粒の流れを矢印の方向に生じさせる核
形成器４６ａ１あるいは４６ｂの筒先が備えられたいる
。In order to add more ice grains to the air and water flow 44 shown by the arrow, a flow of ice grains is generated in the direction of the arrow that combines with this air and water flow 44, as shown in FIG. A tube tip of the nucleator 46a1 or 46b is provided.
第４図は核形成器４６ａの実施例で、水入口部材８４と
空気入口部材８６とを結合した本体８２からなっている
。水入口部材８４からの水は円錐状のど部８８に集りオ
リフィス８０で終わる中央孔９０に達する。ニードル弁
はオリフィス８０を通る水流を制御し、のど部８８に延
びて円錐状先端９４で終わっているニードル弁軸９２よ
りなっている。ニードル弁軸９２は円錐状先端９４と円
錐状のど部８８間の開口面積を変え、そこを通る水流を
調節するために調節用ノブ９８の回動によりねじ部９６
に沿って中央孔９０内で軸方向に移動できる。FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the nucleator 46a, which consists of a main body 82 that combines a water inlet member 84 and an air inlet member 86. Water from the water inlet member 84 collects in a conical throat 88 and reaches a central hole 90 terminating in an orifice 80. The needle valve controls the flow of water through the orifice 80 and consists of a needle valve stem 92 extending into the throat 88 and terminating in a conical tip 94 . The needle valve stem 92 is connected to a threaded portion 96 by rotation of an adjustment knob 98 to change the opening area between the conical tip 94 and the conical throat 88 and adjust the water flow therethrough.
can be moved axially within the central hole 90 along.
また第５図の核形成器４６ｂは他の実施例で、水入口部
材８４と空気入口部材８６とを結合した本体８２からな
っている。調節用ノブ９８の回動によって中央孔９０内
で軸方向に移動できるニドル弁軸９２は本体８２の円錐
状に広がったオリフィス８０に対応した円錐体１００に
終わり、それらの間を調節できる環状の開口部分を形成
している。オリフィス８０を出る水流は環状に広がって
行く。さらに核形成器４６ａおよび４６ｂのヘッド１０
４はねじ１０６によって回動すると軸方向に移動し、オ
リフィス８０の開口面積は変えられる。The nucleator 46b shown in FIG. 5 is another embodiment, and includes a main body 82 in which a water inlet member 84 and an air inlet member 86 are combined. A needle valve stem 92, movable axially within a central bore 90 by rotation of an adjustment knob 98, terminates in a cone 100 corresponding to a conically widened orifice 80 in the body 82, and has an adjustable annular opening therebetween. It forms an opening. The water flow exiting the orifice 80 spreads out in an annular shape. Furthermore, the heads 10 of the nucleators 46a and 46b
4 moves in the axial direction when rotated by the screw 106, and the opening area of the orifice 80 is changed.
この種の雪を作る装置の動作を次に示す。The operation of this type of snow-making device is shown below.
少なくとも３Ｇ）Ｏｐｓｉｇあるいはそれ以上の圧力の
水源は雪を作る装置に水を供給する水の入口部材５０を
通じて水の入口１４に取り付けられる。約３０ｐｓｉｇ
以上、むしろ２０ｐｓｉｇより２５ｐｓ ｉ ｇの圧力
の圧縮された空気源は空気の入口部材１６によって装置
１０に接ながる。加圧された水はニードル弁２４から矢
印の方向に水流を放出し、空気と水が第１段の本体のど
部２６のほうに通るように、空気流２５は矢印の方向に
加圧された空気の環状の流れと混合される。空気流２５
の速さは水流２９の速さより大きい。ある試験では、約
８００フイート／秒の速さの空気は、混合物を促進し冷
やすため約１３フイート／秒の水と混合された。ニード
ル弁２４から放出される水と結合するときの加圧された
空気の膨脹は、この最初の混合物が第１段の混合管３０
を通り流れるとき閉じこめられた泡だらけの空気と水と
の混合物を作りだす働きをする。この泡立った混合物を
作りだすほかに加圧された空気の膨脹はさらに水を冷や
す働きをする。A water source at a pressure of at least 3 G) Opsig or higher is attached to the water inlet 14 through a water inlet member 50 that supplies water to the snow making device. Approximately 30 psig
A source of compressed air at a pressure of 25 psig, rather than 20 psig, is connected to apparatus 10 by air inlet member 16. The pressurized water released a water stream from the needle valve 24 in the direction of the arrow, and the air stream 25 was pressurized in the direction of the arrow so that the air and water passed towards the first stage body throat 26. mixed with an annular flow of air. air flow 25
The speed is greater than the speed of the water stream 29. In one test, air at a rate of about 800 feet/second was mixed with water at about 13 feet/second to promote and cool the mixture. The expansion of the pressurized air as it combines with the water released from the needle valve 24 causes this initial mixture to pass through the first stage mixing tube 30.
As it flows through it, it acts to create a mixture of air and water that is filled with trapped bubbles. In addition to creating this frothy mixture, the expansion of the pressurized air also serves to cool the water.
混合管３０を通る泡立った最初の空気と水の流れは水の
中に浮いている水滴または空気の粒を作るに十分である
。この最初の空気と水との混合物が閉じ込められる第１
段の混合管３０の長さと直径の比は約１０＝１から約４
０＝１が好ましく、比が大であればよく混ぜるためには
余裕がある。The initial flow of bubbled air and water through the mixing tube 30 is sufficient to create water droplets or air particles suspended in the water. This first mixture of air and water is trapped in the first
The length to diameter ratio of the stage mixing tube 30 is about 10=1 to about 4
It is preferable that 0=1, and if the ratio is large, there is enough margin to mix well.
高圧の水をもつ低圧の空気の泡だらけの混合物を作るた
めにこのような長い混合管３０の使用は雪を作る装置に
おいてはすばらしいと思われている。The use of such long mixing tubes 30 to create a frothy mixture of low pressure air with high pressure water is considered excellent in snow making equipment.
装置の第２段は高い周囲を取巻く温度で雪を作る動作を
高めることが考えられてきた。空気と水の最初の混合物
が混合管３０の第１段混合管出口３２から放出されると
き、第２段において低圧で通常華氏３２度以下あるいは
同等の空気中にさらされる。第２段における空気は第１
段で用いられる加圧空気を供給される圧力より基本的に
低い。A second stage of the device has been considered to enhance the snow-making operation at high ambient temperatures. When the initial mixture of air and water is discharged from the first stage mixing tube outlet 32 of the mixing tube 30, it is exposed to air at a lower pressure, typically below or equal to 32 degrees Fahrenheit, in the second stage. The air in the second stage is
Basically lower than the pressure supplied with the pressurized air used in the stages.
ここで使用されているように、「低圧空気」という言葉
には大気圧、すなはちＯｐｓｉｇである。As used herein, the term "low pressure air" refers to atmospheric pressure, or Opsig.
第１図および第２図に示される実施例において周囲の氷
点での大気は外箱１２の開孔８０と第２段の混合体３４
の開口端３６を通して周囲から供給される。第１段混合
管出口３２からと第２段のど部３８から放出される空気
と水との混合物は第２段の低圧空気と吸入され、「ジェ
ット・ポンプ効果」を与える。第２段のど部３８の滑ら
かな輪郭は第２段混合管４０を通る空気と水の第２の混
合物を形成するため第２段の低圧空気のむらのない混合
物と空気と水の最初の混合物を供給する。この空気と水
の第２段の混合物は第１段での加圧された空気の膨脹と
第２段での低圧空気の付加のため第１段の混合物より低
い圧力にある。In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the surrounding freezing atmosphere is connected to the aperture 80 in the outer box 12 and the second stage mixture 34.
is supplied from the surroundings through the open end 36 of. The air and water mixture discharged from the first stage mixing tube outlet 32 and from the second stage throat 38 is sucked in with the second stage low pressure air, providing a "jet pump effect". The smooth contour of the second stage throat 38 allows the initial mixture of air and water to pass through the second stage mixing tube 40 to form a uniform mixture of low pressure air in the second stage to form a second mixture of air and water. supply This second stage mixture of air and water is at a lower pressure than the first stage mixture due to the expansion of the pressurized air in the first stage and the addition of low pressure air in the second stage.
この第２段の状況は氷粒が水滴から形成されるのである
。第２段混合管４０の大きな断面積は第２段混合体３４
に加えられる増える空気量を調節する。In this second stage situation, ice grains are formed from water droplets. The large cross-sectional area of the second stage mixing tube 40 is the second stage mixing tube 40.
Adjust the amount of additional air added to the air.
第２の混合物が雪を作る装置から第２段混合管出口４２
を通じて水と空気の流れ４４の方向に放出されるとき、
氷粒は核形成器４６から４８の方向に加えられる。The second mixture is transferred from the snow making device to the second stage mixing pipe outlet 42
When released in the direction of water and air flow 44 through
Ice grains are added in the direction of nucleators 46-48.
雪を作る装置から放出された第２の混合物に関する氷粒
の流れの角度は雪を作るためには微妙とは思われていな
い。The angle of flow of ice particles with respect to the second mixture discharged from the snow making device is not believed to be sensitive for making snow.
この発明に使用される代表的な核形成器４６の大部分は
本発明による雪を作る装置より高い圧力の空気を使用し
ていて、この装置１０に使用される空気量の小部分を用
いるにすぎない。Most of the typical nucleators 46 used in the present invention use air at higher pressures than the snow making apparatus according to the present invention, and use a small fraction of the amount of air used in the apparatus 10. Only.
本発明による上記の動作から分るように比較的に低い圧
力の圧縮空気は氷粒は氷の核を作ることと氷った水滴を
供給するためにのみ使用される。As can be seen from the above operation according to the invention, compressed air at a relatively low pressure is used only to nucleate the ice particles and to supply the frozen water droplets.
これは野外の設置に際し低圧圧縮空気の生産と供給で大
きな効果と低価格を生ずる。This results in great efficiency and low cost in the production and supply of low pressure compressed air for outdoor installations.
また核形成器４６ａについては、加圧された空気はニー
ドル弁のど部８８とオリフィス８０の外側の円錐状の表
面を取り巻く環状の空間９５に達する空気出口を通じて
核形成器４６ａに供給される。核形成器４６ａのニード
ル軸９２はねじ部９６によりノブ９８の回動によって本
体８２に対し軸方向に調整できる。核形成器４６ａの出
口管はニードル弁９４の外側の円錐状の表面８２に対応
する円錐状内面を持ち、加圧空気の通り道のために出る
水の出口あるいはオリフィス８０を取り巻く連続的に調
整ができる環状の開口を持っている。Also for the nucleator 46a, pressurized air is supplied to the nucleator 46a through an air outlet that reaches the needle valve throat 88 and an annular space 95 surrounding the outer conical surface of the orifice 80. The needle shaft 92 of the nucleator 46a can be adjusted in the axial direction with respect to the main body 82 by turning a knob 98 through a threaded portion 96. The outlet tube of the nucleator 46a has a conical inner surface that corresponds to the outer conical surface 82 of the needle valve 94 and is continuously adjustable surrounding an outlet or orifice 80 for exiting water for passage of pressurized air. It has an annular opening.
約８０から１２０ｐｓｉｇの通常圧にある加圧された空
気はオリフィス８０に同軸状に集まるとともに、またオ
リフィス８０を通り放出する中央の水流と混合する環状
の流れを形成する。この高圧の環状の空気流は水流を小
さな水滴に分解し、空気の膨張により氷の塊を形成する
ために水滴を凍らせる。この氷の塊は次に雪を形成する
ため、雪を作る装置から放出される水と空気との混合物
に対し核の種を生ずるのに利用される。Pressurized air at a normal pressure of about 80 to 120 psig forms an annular flow that collects coaxially in orifice 80 and also mixes with the central water stream exiting through orifice 80. This high-pressure annular air stream breaks up the water stream into small water droplets, and the expansion of the air freezes the water droplets to form ice blocks. This ice mass is then used to seed the water and air mixture emitted by the snow-making equipment to form snow.
また核形成器４６ｂについては、高圧空気の環状の流れ
はオリフィスを取り巻く円錐状に集まる形状の円錐体１
００の外側面と本体８２の先端部分１０１の円錐状に集
まる形状の内側面１０２間の環状通路は連続的に通過領
域をノブ９８により調節できる。Regarding the nucleator 46b, the annular flow of high-pressure air gathers in a conical shape surrounding the orifice 1.
The passage area of the annular passage between the outer surface of 00 and the conically converging inner surface 102 of the distal end portion 101 of the main body 82 can be continuously adjusted by a knob 98.
しかし、これらの実施例は空気と水の両方に最少の運動
量と最大の冷却と混合が得られるので、周囲を取り巻く
環状の空気流２５を持つ中央の水流２９は効率よく混合
される。運動量はオリフィス８０の上流に向けて水圧を
減少させることがない。However, these embodiments provide minimal momentum and maximum cooling and mixing for both air and water, so that a central water stream 29 with a surrounding annular air stream 25 is efficiently mixed. Momentum does not cause water pressure to decrease upstream of orifice 80.
第６図は本発明の第２の実施例で、混合管３０の出口部
分に小間隔３１ａだけ残して適当な締め金具１３７で堅
い装着板１３６にその中央部分１３６ａを底とする筒１
１０を取付けて第２段の混合管１１２として装置１０が
形成される。FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of the invention, in which the tube 1 is attached to a rigid mounting plate 136 with a suitable fastener 137, leaving a small gap 31a at the outlet of the mixing tube 30, with its central portion 136a as the bottom.
10 is attached to form the device 10 as a second stage mixing tube 112.
泡立った混合物６４は矢印１１４の方向に移動するとと
もに逆流方向１１９．１２０に空気を吸入し開口面１１
６から混合物が放出される。The foamed mixture 64 moves in the direction of the arrow 114 and sucks air in the counterflow direction 119, 120 to the opening surface 11.
A mixture is released from 6.
また第７図は本発明の第３の実施例で、混合管３０の出
口部分に直接ベル状の管１４１を結合して第２段の混合
管１４０として装置１０が形成される。FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, in which a bell-shaped tube 141 is directly connected to the outlet of the mixing tube 30 to form the apparatus 10 as a second stage mixing tube 140.
泡立った混合物６４は矢印１４３の方向に吸入されて矢
印１１４の方向に放出される。このときの逆流吸入は続
き、装置１０の高圧動作は良い。The foamed mixture 64 is inhaled in the direction of arrow 143 and expelled in the direction of arrow 114. At this time, backflow suction continues and the high pressure operation of the device 10 is good.
〈発明の効果〉
以上に述べたように本発明によれば、これらの装置１０
は騒音が少なく、華氏３２度近い限界温度においても動
作はよく、スキー場などの使用期間が長くなる。<Effects of the Invention> As described above, according to the present invention, these devices 10
It produces less noise, operates well even at extreme temperatures of nearly 32 degrees Fahrenheit, and has a longer lifespan at ski resorts and the like.
第１図は本発明の実施例による雪を作る装置の外筐が取
除かれた平面図、第２図は本発明の実施例における・縦
断正面図、第３図は本発明の実施例に使用されるニード
ル弁組立の縦断正面図、第４図は本発明の実施例に使用
される核形成器の縦断正面図、第５図は本発明に使用さ
れる核形成器の他の実施例の縦断正面図、第６図は第１
図における第２の実施例における平面図、第７図は第１
図における第３の実施例における平面図である。
１０：装置、１４：水の入口、１８：空気管、２０：丁
字状部材、２２：第１段混合体、３０：混合管、３２：
第１段−混合管、３４：第２段混合体、４０：第２段混
合管、４６．４６ａ１４６ｂ：核形成器、５０．８４：
水の人口部材５４．９４：二−ドル軸、６４：泡立った
混合物、８６：空気の入口部材、１１０：筒、１１２．
１４０：混合管である。FIG. 1 is a plan view of a snow making device according to an embodiment of the present invention with the outer casing removed, FIG. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal front view of the needle valve assembly used, FIG. 4 is a longitudinal front view of the nucleator used in the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is another embodiment of the nucleator used in the present invention. Figure 6 is the vertical front view of the 1st
The plan view of the second embodiment in the figure, FIG.
It is a top view in the 3rd example in a figure. 10: Apparatus, 14: Water inlet, 18: Air pipe, 20: T-shaped member, 22: First stage mixture, 30: Mixing pipe, 32:
1st stage-mixing tube, 34: 2nd stage mixture, 40: 2nd stage mixing tube, 46.46a146b: Nucleator, 50.84:
Water artificial member 54.94: Two dollar shaft, 64: Foamed mixture, 86: Air inlet member, 110: Cylinder, 112.
140: Mixing tube.
Claims (1)
有する長くて、一般に筒状の混合管３０よりなり、加圧
された水と、その水よりも大気圧以上で低い圧力で加圧
された空気とが、前記混合管３０の軸方向に沿って供給
され、また前記水と空気との混合物が動くように、前記
混合管３０の長さと直径との比は１０：１から４：１の
範囲にあり、さらに大気中に放出されて前記水と空気は
泡立った混合物６４を形成するために混合されることを
特徴とする雪を作る装置。 ２、前記混合管３０の中心軸に沿って前記水および、こ
れと同軸上に空気を導くための混合装置は、前記混合管
３０の水の入口１４の端に挿入されることを特徴とする
特許請求の範囲第１項記載の雪を作る装置。 ３、水流２９を供給するために加圧された水源に末端を
結合し、前記水流２９と軸を同じくする空気流２５を供
給するために、前記水源より低圧の空気源を結合して、
長い筒状の第１の通路が形成され、また前記水流２９の
冷却と、混合された空気と水の流れとを供給するため、
前記空気流２５と水流２９とが結合されるように直径よ
り十分長い混合管３０とし、また第２段の混合体３４に
第１の通路と軸を同じくする筒状の前記第１段の混合管
出口３２を設けたことを特徴とする雪を作る装置。 ４、前記結合装置は前記水流２９を制御するための調節
可能なオリフィス５３をもったニードル弁２４を有する
ことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第２項記載の雪を作る
装置。 ５、前記混合管３０内の水流２９の軸と同軸で、軸を取
巻く環状通路に沿った混合装置内で水が結合されること
を特徴とする特許請求の範囲第４項記載の雪を作る装置
。 ６、前記混合管３０の第１段の混合管出口３２に前記第
２段の混合体３４を付け、前記混合体３４の径は前記第
１段の混合管出口３２の径より大で、その入口端は一般
に封印されるような方法で混合管３０の第１段の混合管
出口３２の近くに付けられ、それで前記第２段の混合体
３４の内壁に沿って空気あるいは水を引き逆流吸い込み
が行われ、前記混合管３０からの生産物と混ざり前記混
合体３４の第２段の混合管出口４２から放出されること
を特徴とする雪を作る装置。 ７、前記第２段の混合体３４内は断面で筒状の第２段の
混合管出口４２から混合管３０に付けられた入口側に反
対に動くことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第６項記載の
雪を作る装置。 ８、前記第２段の混合体３４の内壁には孔がないことを
特徴とする特許請求の範囲第７項記載の雪を作る装置。 ９、前記第２段の混合体３４の内壁には孔がないことを
特徴とする特許請求の範囲第６項記載の雪を作る装置。 １０、前記第２段の混合体３４の第２段の混合管出口４
２は、そこを通る水と空気の混合物に障害のない通路を
与えるため、前記混合管３０の第１段の混合管出口３２
と同軸であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第８項記
載の雪を作る装置。 １１、前記第２段の混合体３４の第２段の混合管出口４
２は、そこを通る水と空気の混合物に障害がない通路を
与えるため、前記混合管３０の第１段の混合管出口３２
と同軸であることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第９項記
載の雪を作る装置。 １２、前記第２段の混合体３４から出る流れに核となる
粒として氷を加え、また水の流れを供給するため調整が
できるオリフィス５３を持つ中央水路、および前記核と
なる粒を作り出すため、前記水と混ぜて冷却する加圧さ
れた空気の環状の流れを与える前記水路を取巻く環状の
空気路を含むことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１０項
記載の雪を作る装置。１３、前記水の出口管は一点に集
中する水の流れを生じさせる手段を含むことを特徴とす
る特許請求の範囲第１２項記載の雪を作る装置。 １４、前記水の出口管は分散する水の流れを生じさせる
手段を含むことを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１２項記
載の雪を作る装置。 １５、加圧された水流２９を軸に沿って筒状の混合管３
０に向け、且つ加圧された空気流２５を軸に沿って前記
混合管３０に向け、また前記水を冷却するため前記空気
流２５と水流２９を結合させ、前記混合管３０内の前記
空気と水の混合物を供給し、その後空気の一部を周囲を
取り巻く空気から前記第１の流れに対し逆方向に吸込ま
せ、前記第１の流れと同軸である空気と水の第２の流れ
を形成するために混ぜ、また前記第２の流れ内の水を凍
らせるため前記第２の流れを氷点が保たれている所に分
散させ、そして氷を作り出すことを特徴とする雪を作る
方法。 １６、前記空気流２５は環状の流れであり、また前記水
流２９を前記環状の空気流２５で囲むことを特徴とする
特許請求の範囲第１５項記載の雪を作る方法。 １７、前記空気流２５は約３０ｐｓｉｇよりも多くない
圧力を有する圧縮空気流から供給されることを特徴とす
る特許請求の範囲第１５項記載の雪を作る方法。 １８、前記逆流は「ゼット・ポンプ効果」を作り出すた
めに前記第１の流れを、さらに大きな第２段の混合管３
４の方向に向かわせることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
第１５項記載の雪を作る方法。Claims: 1. Consists of a long, generally cylindrical mixing tube 30 with a water inlet 14 and a first stage mixing tube outlet 32 at each end, which contains pressurized water and Air pressurized at a lower pressure than atmospheric pressure is supplied along the axial direction of the mixing tube 30, and the length and diameter of the mixing tube 30 are adjusted such that the water and air mixture moves. in the range of 10:1 to 4:1, and further discharged into the atmosphere where said water and air are mixed to form a foamy mixture 64. 2. A mixing device for guiding the water and air coaxially along the central axis of the mixing tube 30 is inserted at the end of the water inlet 14 of the mixing tube 30. A device for making snow according to claim 1. 3. terminally coupled to a pressurized water source to provide a water stream 29 and coupled to an air source at a lower pressure than the water source to provide an air stream 25 coaxial with said water stream 29;
A long cylindrical first passage is formed and for providing cooling of said water stream 29 and a mixed air and water stream;
The mixing pipe 30 is sufficiently longer than the diameter so that the air flow 25 and the water flow 29 are combined, and the second stage mixing body 34 has a cylindrical first mixing pipe having the same axis as the first passage. A snow making device characterized by having a pipe outlet 32. 4. Snow making device according to claim 2, characterized in that said coupling device has a needle valve (24) with an adjustable orifice (53) for controlling said water flow (29). 5. Making snow according to claim 4, characterized in that the water is combined in the mixing device along an annular passage coaxial with and surrounding the axis of the water flow 29 in the mixing tube 30. Device. 6. The second-stage mixing body 34 is attached to the first-stage mixing tube outlet 32 of the mixing tube 30, and the diameter of the mixing body 34 is larger than the diameter of the first-stage mixing tube outlet 32; The inlet end is generally attached near the first stage mixing tube outlet 32 of the mixing tube 30 in such a way that it is sealed, thereby drawing air or water back along the inner wall of the second stage mixing body 34. The snow making device is characterized in that the snow is mixed with the product from the mixing tube 30 and discharged from the second stage mixing tube outlet 42 of the mixing body 34. 7. The inside of the second-stage mixing body 34 moves in the opposite direction from the second-stage mixing tube outlet 42, which is cylindrical in cross section, toward the inlet attached to the mixing tube 30. Equipment for making snow as described in Section 1. 8. The snow making device according to claim 7, wherein the inner wall of the second stage mixture body 34 has no holes. 9. The snow making device according to claim 6, characterized in that the inner wall of the second stage mixture body 34 has no holes. 10. Second stage mixing pipe outlet 4 of the second stage mixing body 34
2 is a first stage mixing tube outlet 32 of said mixing tube 30 in order to provide an unobstructed passage for the water and air mixture therethrough.
9. The snow making device according to claim 8, wherein the snow making device is coaxial with the snow making device. 11. Second stage mixing pipe outlet 4 of the second stage mixing body 34
2 is a first stage mixing tube outlet 32 of said mixing tube 30 to provide an unobstructed passage for the water and air mixture therethrough.
10. The snow making device according to claim 9, wherein the snow making device is coaxial with the snow making device. 12. Adding ice as a nucleation grain to the flow exiting said second stage mixture 34, and a central channel having an adjustable orifice 53 for supplying a flow of water, and for producing said nucleation grain. 11. The snow making apparatus of claim 10, further comprising an annular air passage surrounding said waterway for providing an annular flow of pressurized air to mix with and cool said water. 13. The snow-making device of claim 12, wherein the water outlet pipe includes means for producing a concentrated flow of water. 14. The snow-making device of claim 12, wherein the water outlet pipe includes means for creating a dispersing water flow. 15. The pressurized water flow 29 is passed through the cylindrical mixing pipe 3 along the axis.
0 and pressurized air flow 25 is directed along the axis into the mixing tube 30, and the air flow 25 and the water flow 29 are combined to cool the water, and the air in the mixing tube 30 is and water, after which a portion of air is drawn in from the surrounding air in a direction opposite to said first flow, and a second flow of air and water coaxial with said first flow is provided. A method of making snow comprising: mixing to form snow; and dispersing said second stream to a location where the freezing point is maintained to freeze the water in said second stream, and producing ice. 16. The method of making snow according to claim 15, characterized in that said air flow 25 is an annular flow, and said water flow 29 is surrounded by said annular air flow 25. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein said air stream 25 is provided by a compressed air stream having a pressure of no more than about 30 psig. 18. The reverse flow connects the first flow to a larger second stage mixing tube 3 to create a "jet pump effect".
16. The method of making snow according to claim 15, characterized in that the snow is directed in the direction 4.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27735489A JPH03140775A (en) | 1989-10-26 | 1989-10-26 | Snow making device and its method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27735489A JPH03140775A (en) | 1989-10-26 | 1989-10-26 | Snow making device and its method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03140775A true JPH03140775A (en) | 1991-06-14 |
Family
ID=17582357
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27735489A Pending JPH03140775A (en) | 1989-10-26 | 1989-10-26 | Snow making device and its method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03140775A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7546960B2 (en) | 2001-12-11 | 2009-06-16 | Nivis Gmbh-Srl | Snow making apparatus and method for operating the same |
-
1989
- 1989-10-26 JP JP27735489A patent/JPH03140775A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7546960B2 (en) | 2001-12-11 | 2009-06-16 | Nivis Gmbh-Srl | Snow making apparatus and method for operating the same |
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