JPH0312631A - Liquid crystal electrooptic element - Google Patents
Liquid crystal electrooptic elementInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0312631A JPH0312631A JP1147708A JP14770889A JPH0312631A JP H0312631 A JPH0312631 A JP H0312631A JP 1147708 A JP1147708 A JP 1147708A JP 14770889 A JP14770889 A JP 14770889A JP H0312631 A JPH0312631 A JP H0312631A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- light
- electric field
- pixel
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100272852 Clostridium botulinum (strain Langeland / NCTC 10281 / Type F) F gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004990 Smectic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001259 photo etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005297 pyrex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野１
本発明は端末用やテレビ用の液晶表示素子、投写型表示
装置用液晶ライトバルブ、電子写真プロセス用液晶光シ
ャッターアレイ等に用いられる液晶電気光学素子に関す
る。Detailed Description of the Invention [Industrial Application Field 1] The present invention is applied to liquid crystal display devices for terminals and televisions, liquid crystal light valves for projection display devices, liquid crystal light shutter arrays for electrophotographic processes, etc. Related to optical elements.
［従来の技術１
従来液晶の表示モードには液晶分子の動的散乱状態を利
用したＤＳＭモード、液晶分子の複屈折性を利用した電
圧制御複屈折モード（ＥＣＢモード）、ねじれネマチッ
クモード（ＴＮモード、ＳＴＮモード）２色性色素添加
によるゲストホストモード（Ｇｌ（モード）スメクチッ
ク相やコレステノック相の散乱を利用した相転移モード
などが考えられていた。[Conventional technology 1 Conventional liquid crystal display modes include DSM mode that utilizes the dynamic scattering state of liquid crystal molecules, voltage-controlled birefringence mode (ECB mode) that utilizes the birefringence of liquid crystal molecules, and twisted nematic mode (TN mode). , STN mode) Guest-host mode by dichroic dye addition (Gl mode) Phase transition mode utilizing scattering of smectic phase or cholestenok phase, etc. have been considered.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
前記各液晶表示モードは大別して散乱モード、（ＤＳＭ
、相転移など）、複屈折モード（ＥＣＢ、ＴＮ、ＳＴＮ
など）とゲストホストモードに分類出来るが、散乱モー
ドでは透明と散乱状態を利用する為、散乱状態の光モレ
の影響でコントラスト比が取りにくい点や駆動電圧が高
い点（相転移モード）添加イオンの影響で信頼性や動作
安定性がない（ＤＳＭモード）などの欠点を有しており
、また複屈折モードの場合偏光板を用いなければならな
い為、透過率が半分以下となり光の利用効率が悪い。ま
たゲストホストモードにおいては色素の２色比がコント
ラスト比を支配しており偏光膜を用いない場合はコント
ラスト比が高くならないという問題点を有している。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The above liquid crystal display modes can be roughly divided into scattering mode, (DSM
, phase transition, etc.), birefringence modes (ECB, TN, STN
etc.) and guest-host mode, but since the scattering mode uses transparent and scattering states, it is difficult to obtain a contrast ratio due to the influence of light leakage in the scattering state, and the driving voltage is high (phase transition mode) Doped ions It has drawbacks such as lack of reliability and operational stability due to the influence of the DSM mode (DSM mode), and in the case of birefringence mode, a polarizing plate must be used, so the transmittance is less than half and the efficiency of light use is reduced. bad. Furthermore, in the guest-host mode, the contrast ratio is dominated by the dichroic ratio of the dye, and there is a problem in that the contrast ratio cannot be increased unless a polarizing film is used.
そこで１本発明ではかかる従来の液晶表示モードの問題
点を解決し偏光板を用いなくともコントラストと透過率
が共に高＜１憂れた液晶電気光学素子を提供することを
目的とする
［課題を解決するための手段Ｊ
本発明の液晶電気光学素子は、対向する２枚の透明電極
基板のうちの入射光側の基板上の画素部を透明電極で形
成し出射光側の基板上の非画素部を遮光性のある金属電
極で形成、さらに出射光（ｇ１１基板の外側を画素部の
ほぼ中心に位置し面積が画素部のｌ／１０以下になるス
ポット部を残して遮光膜でおおわれており、液晶層に電
界印加する事で液晶分子の配列を制御しレンズ効果を発
現させ入射光をスポット部に集光させることにより画素
部に入射した光の多くを透過させ、電界無印加時には液
晶を均一にホモジエニアス配向させ画素部に入射した光
のうちのスポット部に対応する光のみが透過される事で
画素のオン・オフ状態を電界により制御する事を特徴と
する。Therefore, one object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the conventional liquid crystal display mode and to provide a liquid crystal electro-optical element in which contrast and transmittance are both high <1 even without using a polarizing plate. Means for Solving J In the liquid crystal electro-optical device of the present invention, of two opposing transparent electrode substrates, the pixel portion on the substrate on the incident light side is formed with a transparent electrode, and the non-pixel portion on the substrate on the output light side is formed with a transparent electrode. The part is formed of a metal electrode with light-shielding properties, and the outgoing light (the outside of the G11 substrate is covered with a light-shielding film, leaving a spot part located approximately at the center of the pixel part and having an area of less than 1/10 of the pixel part. By applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is controlled, creating a lens effect and concentrating the incident light on a spot, allowing much of the light incident on the pixel area to pass through.When no electric field is applied, the liquid crystal It is characterized by controlling the on/off state of the pixel by an electric field by uniformly aligning the pixel in a homogeneous manner and transmitting only the light corresponding to the spot portion of the light incident on the pixel portion.
また充分な透過率のオン・オフ比を得る為に入射光側の
基板上の画素部以外のエリアに薄膜トランジスターを設
け各画素ごとトランジスターのオン・オフにより動作さ
せた事を特徴とする。In addition, in order to obtain a sufficient on/off ratio of transmittance, a thin film transistor is provided in an area other than the pixel portion on the substrate on the incident light side, and each pixel is operated by turning on and off the transistor.
またプロセスを簡略化し低コスト化する為に出射光側の
基板上の遮光膜を電極に用いた金属膜と同一な材料を用
いた事を特徴とする。In addition, in order to simplify the process and reduce costs, the light-shielding film on the substrate on the outgoing light side is made of the same material as the metal film used as the electrode.
さらに視角特性を改善する為に出射光側の基板上の外面
のスポット部を散乱する乳白色の樹脂でおおった事を特
徴とする。Furthermore, in order to improve the viewing angle characteristics, the spot portion on the outer surface of the substrate on the outgoing light side is covered with a scattering milky white resin.
［実 施 例 １１
第１図に本発明の実施例に用いた液晶電気光学素子の断
面図を示す。ここで１０１は透明基板であり本発明では
石英基板を使用した。この透明基板はパイレックスガラ
スやソーダガラスでも可能である。１０２は金属電極で
あり本実施例ではアルミニウムのスパッタ膜をフォトエ
ツチングプロセスによりパターン形成した。この金属膜
はニッケル、クロム、金、チタンなどの導電性のある金
属であれば同様な効果があり成膜もスパッタや蒸着、メ
ツキ法も使用出来る。この金属電極は共通電極として一
定電圧レベルに保たれており、対向する透明電極１０３
への電圧印加により液晶層１０６に電界を加える事を目
的としている。また金属電極は光を透過させる画素部と
して２００ｕｍΦの穴が３００μｍピッチで千鳥状に配
列されている。また１０４は薄膜トランジスターであり
本実施例ではチャンネル部にポリシリコンを用いゲート
線にクロム、ソース線にアルミニウムそして画素部１０
３及びドレイン部にＩＴＯを用いた。１０５は液晶分子
を配向させる為の配向膜を表わしており本実施例ではポ
リイミド膜を用い液晶分子長軸を基板と平行に配向させ
ラビング処理は施さない、この配向膜にはポリエステル
やポリアミドなどの高分子膜の使シランカップリング剤
などの表面処理剤なども有効である。１０８は入射光を
、また１０９は出射光を示している。また１０７は出射
光側の基板の外側に設けられた遮光膜を表わしており、
本実施例ではアルミニウムをスパッタ法により成膜した
。１１０は遮光膜な）オドエツチング法により取除いた
スポット部であり２０μｍφの円のパターンを用いた。[Example 11] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal electro-optical element used in an example of the present invention. Here, 101 is a transparent substrate, and in the present invention, a quartz substrate is used. This transparent substrate can also be made of Pyrex glass or soda glass. Reference numeral 102 denotes a metal electrode, and in this example, a sputtered aluminum film was patterned by a photo-etching process. This metal film can have the same effect if it is a conductive metal such as nickel, chromium, gold, or titanium, and can be formed by sputtering, vapor deposition, or plating. This metal electrode is kept at a constant voltage level as a common electrode, and the opposite transparent electrode 103
The purpose is to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 106 by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 106. Further, the metal electrode has holes of 200 umΦ arranged in a staggered manner at a pitch of 300 um as a pixel portion that transmits light. Further, 104 is a thin film transistor, and in this embodiment, the channel part is made of polysilicon, the gate line is made of chromium, the source line is made of aluminum, and the pixel part 10 is made of polysilicon.
3 and the drain portion were made of ITO. Reference numeral 105 represents an alignment film for aligning liquid crystal molecules. In this example, a polyimide film is used to orient the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules parallel to the substrate, and no rubbing treatment is applied. This alignment film is made of polyester, polyamide, etc. Surface treatment agents such as silane coupling agents for polymer membranes are also effective. Reference numeral 108 indicates incident light, and reference numeral 109 indicates outgoing light. Further, 107 represents a light shielding film provided on the outside of the substrate on the output light side.
In this example, aluminum was formed into a film by sputtering. Reference numeral 110 indicates a spot portion removed by the odo-etching method (a light-shielding film), and a circular pattern of 20 μmφ was used.
第２図は出射光側基板の平面図を表わしており、１１０
の外面のスポット部は１０２の内面の金属Ｔ！：Ｌ挿中
の穴部のほぼ中央部に設けである。第３図は電１萌１０
２と１０３との間に電界を印加しオン状態に選定した液
晶電気光学素子の断面図を模式的に表わしており、３０
１は電界により液晶分子長軸が電界方向に向いて立ち上
がった様子を示しており３０２は液晶分子がホモジニア
ス配列を残した状態を示している。このように液晶分子
が立った状態と寝たままの状態の間で屈折率の差がある
為、光を屈折させレンズ効果により１１０のスポット部
を多くの光が透過する。液晶層厚１２μｍで、誘電率異
方性＋５．屈折率異方性０．２０の液晶材↑４を用い１
０３の電極に±５．０Ｖ１０２の電極にＯｖの電圧を印
加した際に入射光の１２％の光が透過した。第４図はｉ
極１０２と１０３を同電位とし電界をな（した場合で液
晶層１０６は均一にホモジニアス配向しているため入射
光は直進し１１０のスポットを通（光はほとんどなくな
った状態となり実際の透過率は０３３％となった。FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the output light side substrate, and 110
The spot on the outer surface of is the metal T on the inner surface of 102! : Provided almost in the center of the hole where L is inserted. Figure 3 is Den 1 Moe 10
2 and 103 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal electro-optical element selected to be in an on state by applying an electric field between 30 and 103.
1 shows a state in which the long axes of liquid crystal molecules stand up in the direction of the electric field due to the electric field, and 302 shows a state in which the liquid crystal molecules remain homogeneously aligned. Since there is a difference in refractive index between the upright state and the lying state of the liquid crystal molecules, the light is refracted and a large amount of light passes through the spot portion 110 due to the lens effect. The liquid crystal layer thickness is 12 μm, and the dielectric anisotropy is +5. 1 using a liquid crystal material with refractive index anisotropy ↑4 of 0.20
When a voltage of Ov was applied to the electrode 03 of ±5.0V102, 12% of the incident light was transmitted. Figure 4 shows i
When the poles 102 and 103 are set to the same potential and an electric field is applied, the liquid crystal layer 106 is homogeneously aligned, so the incident light travels straight through the spot 110 (the light almost disappears and the actual transmittance is It became 033%.
このように高透過率状態と低透過率状態で３６１以上の
高いコントラスト比を得た。In this way, a high contrast ratio of 361 or more was obtained in the high transmittance state and the low transmittance state.
［実施例２１
第５図は本発明における２つ目の実施例に用いた液晶電
気光学素子の断面図を示している。ここで１１０のスポ
ット部を乳白色の光散乱１５１脂５０Ｉでおおうことに
より出射光を散乱させ広い視角範囲で視認可能とする事
が出来た。本実施例においではシリカ微粒子を混入した
シリコーン系接着剤を用いたところ全方向から均一に視
認可能となった。Example 21 FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal electro-optical element used in a second example of the present invention. Here, by covering the spot portion 110 with milky white light scattering 151 resin 50I, the emitted light was scattered and made visible in a wide viewing angle range. In this example, when a silicone adhesive mixed with silica particles was used, it became uniformly visible from all directions.
〔発明の効果１
本発明によれば偏光膜や散乱モードを用いる事なく高い
性能の光学特性を有する液晶電気光学素子を得る事が出
来た。[Effect of the Invention 1] According to the present invention, it was possible to obtain a liquid crystal electro-optical element having high performance optical characteristics without using a polarizing film or a scattering mode.
第１図は本発明の液晶電気光学素子の断面図。
第２図はその平面図であり金属電極と遮光部のパターン
の位置関係を示す図、第３図は液晶層に電界が加わった
状態で液晶の分子配列によりスボント部に光が集まった
様子を示す図。第４図は液晶層に電界が加わらず光が直
進し微小光のみが透過した様子を示す図、第５図は本発
明における実施例２に用いた液晶電気光学素子の断面図
である。
５０１・・・散乱部
以上FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal electro-optical element of the present invention. Figure 2 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between the metal electrode and the pattern of the light-shielding part, and Figure 3 shows how light is concentrated on the bont part due to the molecular arrangement of the liquid crystal when an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer. Figure shown. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer and light travels straight and only small amounts of light are transmitted. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal electro-optical element used in Example 2 of the present invention. 501...more than the scattering part
Claims (4)
基板上の画素部を透明電極で形成し出射光側の基板上の
非画素部を遮光性のある金属電極で形成、さらに出射光
側基板の外側を画素部のほぼ中心に位置し面積が画素部
の１／１０以下になるスポット部を残して遮光膜でおお
われており、液晶層に電界印加する事で液晶分子の配列
を制御しレンズ効果を発現させ入射光をスポット部に集
光させることにより画素部に入射した光の多くを透過さ
せ、電界無印加時には液晶を均一にホモジェニアス配向
させ、画素部に入射した光のうちのスポット部に対応す
る光のみが透過される事で画素のオン・オフ状態を電界
により制御する事を特徴とする液晶電気光学素子。(1) Of the two opposing transparent electrode substrates, the pixel part on the substrate on the incident light side is formed with a transparent electrode, and the non-pixel part on the substrate on the outgoing light side is formed with a metal electrode with a light-shielding property, and The outside of the substrate on the light emitting side is covered with a light-shielding film leaving a spot area located almost at the center of the pixel area and having an area of less than 1/10 of the pixel area, and by applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned. By controlling the lens effect and focusing the incident light on the spot part, much of the light incident on the pixel area is transmitted, and when no electric field is applied, the liquid crystal is aligned homogeneously, and the light incident on the pixel area is focused. A liquid crystal electro-optical device characterized by controlling the on/off state of a pixel by an electric field by transmitting only the light corresponding to the spot portion.
ランジスターを設け各画素ごとトランジスターのオン・
オフにより動作させた事を特徴とする請求項１記載の液
晶電気光学素子。(2) A thin film transistor is installed in an area other than the pixel part on the substrate on the incident light side, and the transistor is turned on and off for each pixel.
2. The liquid crystal electro-optical device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal electro-optical device is operated in an off state.
と同一な材料を用いた事を特徴とする請求項１記載の液
晶電気光学素子。(3) The liquid crystal electro-optical element according to claim 1, wherein the light-shielding film on the substrate on the output light side is made of the same material as the metal film used as the electrode.
乳白色の樹脂でおおったことを特徴とする請求項１記載
の液晶電気光学素子。(4) The liquid crystal electro-optical element according to claim 1, wherein the spot portion on the outer surface of the substrate on the output light side is covered with a scattering milky white resin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1147708A JPH0312631A (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1989-06-09 | Liquid crystal electrooptic element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1147708A JPH0312631A (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1989-06-09 | Liquid crystal electrooptic element |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0312631A true JPH0312631A (en) | 1991-01-21 |
Family
ID=15436429
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1147708A Pending JPH0312631A (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1989-06-09 | Liquid crystal electrooptic element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0312631A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003186036A (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Optical path deflecting element and image display device |
| WO2007007242A3 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-03-29 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Device for controlling the shape and direction of light |
-
1989
- 1989-06-09 JP JP1147708A patent/JPH0312631A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003186036A (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Optical path deflecting element and image display device |
| WO2007007242A3 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-03-29 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Device for controlling the shape and direction of light |
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