JPH029828B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH029828B2 JPH029828B2 JP25204783A JP25204783A JPH029828B2 JP H029828 B2 JPH029828 B2 JP H029828B2 JP 25204783 A JP25204783 A JP 25204783A JP 25204783 A JP25204783 A JP 25204783A JP H029828 B2 JPH029828 B2 JP H029828B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fire
- extinguishing
- tempura oil
- weight
- fires
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 39
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- -1 alcohol sulfate ester salt Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium sulfamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NS([O-])(=O)=O GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRCUIHOYPYOMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C.F.F.F.Br Chemical compound C.F.F.F.Br MRCUIHOYPYOMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASVUYIYKWCXZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N F.F.Cl Chemical compound F.F.Cl ASVUYIYKWCXZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZQSLXQPHPOTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K+].[K+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 FZQSLXQPHPOTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMVAWNCSXGFEDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.C[H] ZMVAWNCSXGFEDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940071089 sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Description
本発明は、安全で速消性を有する水系の消火剤
組成物に関する。
近年、家庭でのてんぷら油火災や石油ストーブ
火災が激増している。
てんぷら油は、通常の使用温度である170〜190
℃では種火を近づけても引火する惧れは全くな
い。しかしながら、約260℃の引火点以上に加熱
すると、表面からてんぷら油の蒸気や分解ガスが
出てくるため、種火を近づけると容易に引火する
ようになり、更に約360℃の発火点を超えると、
てんぷら油の蒸気や分解ガスが多量に発生し、種
火がなくても着火して火災を起すようになる。ま
た、石油ストーブは、不注意により、これを横倒
しにした場合や、灯油補給時に溢れた油に引火し
た場合に、火災を生じる。
ところで、従来の消火剤には、大別してガス系
のもの、蒸発性液体のもの、粉末系のもの、水系
のもの、泡系のものがあり、これらは夫々の特性
により火災対象物に応じて適宜使い分けされてい
る。しかしながら、てんぷら油が発火点以上で燃
焼している場合、及びストーブ火災のように消火
の障害物が存在する場合のいずれの場合において
も、満足に消火を行なえるものは、以下に述べる
ように従来の消火剤の中には見当らない。
即ち、てんぷら油が発火点以上で燃焼している
てんぷら油火災の場合、従来の炭酸ガス消火剤な
どのガス系の消火剤や、一臭化三フツ化メタン、
一臭化一塩化二フツ化メタン、二臭化四フツ化エ
タンなどの蒸発性液体系の消火剤は、その放射中
はてんぷら油火災を消火できるが、てんぷら油の
温度を発火点以下に下げる冷却作用がなく、且つ
てんぷら油からの可燃性蒸気の放出を抑制する作
用もないため、消火剤の放射を止めると直ちに再
着火し、消火不能である。
また、重炭酸アルカリ塩や、重炭酸アルカリ塩
と尿素との反応生成物などを主剤とする粉末系の
消火剤は、てんぷら油をわずかにケン化しててん
ぷら油の表面に薄い皮膜を形成するが、この皮膜
によつててんぷら油からの可燃性蒸気の放出を抑
制するまでには至らず、しかも上記のガス系消火
剤や蒸発性液体系消火剤と同様に冷却作用がない
ため、再着火を防止するには相当多量の粉末が必
要であり、通常家庭で使用される消火器に充填さ
れる量では不十分である。
更に、たん白泡消火剤、合成界面泡消火剤、水
成膜泡消火剤などによつて代表される泡系の消火
剤は、てんぷら油の冷却作用や可燃性蒸気の抑制
作用にはすぐれているが、泡放射時に火をあおつ
たり、てんぷら油を飛散させたりするので非常に
危険である。
上記４種の消火剤に較べ、水系の消火剤の代表
例の一つである炭酸カリウムを主剤とする強化液
消火剤は、主剤の炭酸カリウムが重炭酸アルカリ
塩よりは強アルカリ性でケン化作用が若干強く可
燃性蒸気の放出をある程度抑制することが可能で
あり、且つてんぷら油の冷却作用も有するところ
から、てんぷら油火災には比較的有効と考えられ
ているが、この強化液消火剤とても、再着火を完
全に防止するには可燃性蒸気の抑制作用がまだま
だ不充分であり、しかも炭酸カリウムを30重量％
以上も含有した濃厚溶液でPH12.4以上とアルカリ
性が強く人蓄に危険を及ぼすところから、消火剤
として充分満足し得るものとは到底言い難い。
一方、石油ストーブ火災のように消火の障害物
となるものが存在する火災の場合には、前述の蒸
発性液体系の消火剤や泡系の消火剤は、障害物が
あつても火災個所を覆うことができるので有効で
あるが、粉末系の消火剤や強化液消火剤では、障
害物があると邪摩になつて火災個所を覆いつくす
ことができないため、消火不能になる。
本発明は斯る事情に鑑みてなされたもので、消
防法に定めるＡ火災（普通火災）、Ｂ火災（油火
災）及びＣ火災（電気火災）を有効に消火するこ
とはもとより、近年多発しているてんぷら油火災
や石油ストーブ火災を安全且つ迅速に消火してそ
の再着火を充分に防止できる弱アルカリ性の消火
剤組成物を提供しようとするものである。
即ち、本発明の消火剤組成物は、重炭酸アルカ
リ塩６〜15重量％とホウ酸塩２〜10重量％と一種
又は二種以上の界面活性剤0.3〜５重量％とが主
剤として水等の溶媒に溶解せしめられたもので、
火災発生時に圧力容器から噴霧状ないし泡状で放
射することにより、消火を行なうものである。
重炭酸アルカリ塩を単独で水等の溶媒に溶解し
た溶液は弱アルカリ性であり、既述したようにて
んぷら油をわずかにケン化しててんぷら油の表面
に薄い皮膜を形成するが、てんぷら油からの可燃
性蒸気の放出を完全に抑制できる丈夫で耐久性の
ある泡をてんぷら油の表面に形成する働きはな
く、且つてんぷら油の温度を発火点以下に下げる
働きもない。しかも、この重炭酸アルカリ塩の単
独溶液は、前述の強化液消火剤の場合と同様の理
由で、石油ストーブ火災には不向きである。ま
た、ホウ酸塩の単独溶液の場合も上記の働きはな
い。更に重炭酸アルカリ塩とホウ酸塩よりなる消
火剤の場合は、てんぷら油火災には有効であつて
も、やはり強化液消火剤の場合と同様に石油スト
ーブ火災には不適である。
然るに、本発明のように重炭酸アルカリ塩６〜
15重量％とホウ酸塩２〜10重量％と一種又は二種
以上の界面活性剤0.3〜５重量％とが主剤として
水等の溶媒に溶解せしめられた消火剤組成物であ
れば、重炭酸アルカリ塩の濃度が低くても、噴霧
状で少量放射するだけで、発火点以上の高温で燃
焼しているてんぷら油の表面に丈夫で耐久性のあ
る泡を急速に形成し、てんぷら油火災を瞬時に消
火すると共にてんぷら油からの可燃性蒸気の放出
を抑制し、放射後の再着火を充分に防止すること
ができるのみならず、石油ストーブ火災に対して
は、界面活性剤の発泡作用で生成した泡が障害物
によつて邪摩されることなく流出灯油を覆いつく
し、満足に消火できるのである。
このことは本発明者が種々研究を重ねた結果、
初めて見出した知見であつて、てんぷら油火災に
有効であるのは、重炭酸アルカリ塩によるてんぷ
ら油のケン化作用が共存するホウ酸塩によつて著
しく促進されるために、可燃性蒸気の放出を完全
に抑制するに足る丈夫で耐久性のある泡が急速に
形成されるものと推察され、また石油ストーブ火
災に有効であるのは、共存する界面活性剤の発泡
作用で生成する泡の空気遮断作用、膨張作用等の
特性によるものである。
本発明に用いる重炭酸アルカリ塩としては、例
えば重炭酸カリウム、重炭酸ナトリウム等の水溶
性重炭酸アルカリ塩が好適であり、ホウ酸塩とし
ては、一般式M2O・mB2O3〔但し、式中Ｍはアル
カリ金属をあらわし、ｍは１から４の間の値をと
る〕で示される例えばホウ酸カリウム、ホウ酸ナ
トリウム、四ホウ酸カリウム等の水溶性ホウ酸塩
が好適である。また、界面活性剤としては、例え
ばＮ−アシルサルコシネート、高級アルコール硫
酸エステル塩、Ｎ−アシル−Ｎ−メチル−β−ア
ラニネート、高級脂肪酸エステル塩、ベタイン型
両性界面活性剤などの如き常温発泡性を有する非
弗素系界面活性剤、或は、パーフルオロアルキル
スルホネート、パーフルオロアルキルカーボネー
トなどの如き常温発泡性を有する弗素系界面活性
剤が好適であり、これら非弗素系及び弗素系界面
活性剤は単独でも勿論使用できるが、両者を併用
する方が望ましい。
これらの含有率は、重炭酸アルカリ塩が約６〜
15重量％、ホウ酸塩が約２〜10重量％、界面活性
剤が0.3〜５重量％の範囲となるようにする。こ
れは、重炭酸アルカリ塩が６重量％に満たず、ホ
ウ酸塩が２重量％に満たない場合は、重炭酸アル
カリ塩が不足すると共にホウ酸塩によるケン化促
進作用に行なわれないため、てんぷら油の表面に
充分な量の泡を形成させることが困難となり、逆
に重炭酸アルカリ塩が15重量％を超え、ホウ酸塩
が10重量％を超える場合は、過剰量の泡が形成さ
れる無駄があると共に消火剤自体のアルカリ性も
幾分かは強くなるという不都合を生じるからであ
る。また、界面活性剤が0.3重量％未満の場合に
は、発泡量が不足して石油ストーブ火災に対する
消火性能が不充分となり、一方５重量％を越えて
も、消火性能は殆んど変らず、無駄になるからで
ある。
本発明の消火剤組成物は、上記のように重炭酸
アルカリ塩とケン化促進作用を行なうホウ酸塩と
発泡作用を行なう一種又は二種以上の界面活性剤
とを主剤とするものであるが、望ましくは、これ
ら主剤間に化学反応を惹起しない、カルボキシメ
チルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、多糖
類、アルギン酸塩よりなる群から選ばれる一種又
は二種以上の増粘剤を更に添加してやるのがよ
い。斯る増粘剤を添加すると、てんぷら油の表面
に形成される泡の層や、灯油を覆う泡がより丈夫
で耐久性のよいものとなるからである。なお、斯
る増粘剤は１重量％未満の極く少量を添加するだ
けで充分である。
更に本発明消火剤組成物は、凝固点を下げる目
的で尿素等の不凍剤を添加したり、或は消防法に
定めるＡ火災の消火能力を高める目的で硫酸アン
モニウムやスルフアミン酸アンモニウム及びリン
酸アンモニウムを添加したり、或は消防法に定め
るＢ火災の消火能力を高める目的でクエン酸、酢
酸、酒石酸等の有機酸のアルカリ塩やハロゲン化
アルカリ塩を添加したりすることも勿論可能であ
る。これらの添加剤はいずれもケン化作用や消火
力を低下させる惧れのないものであるから、夫々
の目的に応じて自由に添加量を決定することがで
きる。
次に実施例を挙げて本発明消火剤組成物を説明
する。
実施例 １〜５
下記第１表に示す組成割合の５種の消火剤組成
物を調整し、各組成物をエアゾール式簡易消火具
に300ｇづつ充填して液化ガスで加圧し、次の要
領で消火模型１（てんぷら油火災）及び消火模型
２（石油ストーブ火災）の消火試験を行なつた。
消火模型１（てんぷら油火災）
直径30cm、深さ7.5cmの中華鍋に700mlの大豆油
（発火点が360〜370℃の範囲のもの）を入れ、ガ
スコンロで400℃まで加熱して大豆油を燃焼させ、
ガスコンロの火を消してから消火具又はエアゾー
ル式簡易消火具より消火剤組成物を噴霧状で放射
を開始し、消火終了後さらに５秒間連続放射した
後、再着火の有無とてんぷら油の表面の状態を観
察した。
消火模型２（石油ストーブ火災）
巾70cm、奥行40cm、深さ２cmの鉄製火皿の中心
に、巾40cm、奥行20cm、高さ50cmの鉄製箱を置
き、火皿の中にJISK2203、１号に適合する灯油
１とノルマルヘプタン100mlを入れて点火し、
１分間燃焼させた後、消火剤組成物を消火具又は
エアゾール式簡易消火具より放射して消火を行な
い、１分以内の再燃の有無を調べた。
以上の消火試験の結果を、消火模型１について
は下記第２表に、消火模型２については下記第３
表に示す。
比較例 １〜２
下記第１表に示す組成割合の２種頼の消火剤組
成物について、上記実施例と同じ要領で消火模型
１及び２の消火試験を行なつた。その結果を下記
第２表及び第３表に併せて示す。
The present invention relates to a water-based fire extinguishing agent composition that is safe and has quick extinguishing properties. In recent years, the number of tempura oil fires and kerosene stove fires in homes has increased dramatically. Tempura oil has a normal usage temperature of 170-190
At ℃, there is no risk of ignition even if a pilot flame is brought close. However, when heated above the flash point of approximately 260 degrees Celsius, steam and decomposition gas from the tempura oil will come out from the surface, which will easily ignite when brought close to the pilot flame, and will further exceed the ignition point of approximately 360 degrees Celsius. and,
A large amount of steam and decomposed gas from the tempura oil is generated, which can ignite and cause a fire even without a pilot flame. In addition, a kerosene heater can cause a fire if it is accidentally tipped over or if overflowing oil ignites when replenishing kerosene. By the way, conventional fire extinguishing agents can be roughly divided into gas-based, evaporative liquid, powder-based, water-based, and foam-based, and these differ depending on the fire target depending on their characteristics. They are used appropriately. However, in both cases where tempura oil is burning above its ignition point and where there are obstacles to extinguishing the fire, such as a stove fire, the only way to extinguish the fire satisfactorily is as described below. It is not found in conventional fire extinguishing agents. In other words, in the case of a tempura oil fire where the tempura oil is burning above its ignition point, gas-based extinguishing agents such as conventional carbon dioxide extinguishing agents, methane monobromide trifluoride,
Evaporative liquid extinguishing agents such as methane monobromide, monochloride difluoride, and ethane dibromidetetrafluoride can extinguish a tempura oil fire while they are being emitted, but they lower the temperature of the tempura oil below its ignition point. Since there is no cooling effect and no effect to suppress the release of flammable vapor from the tempura oil, the fire will ignite again as soon as the emission of fire extinguishing agent is stopped, making it impossible to extinguish the fire. In addition, powder-based fire extinguishers whose main ingredients are alkali bicarbonate or the reaction product of alkali bicarbonate and urea slightly saponify the tempura oil and form a thin film on the surface of the tempura oil. However, this film does not go so far as to suppress the release of flammable vapor from the tempura oil, and like the gas-based extinguishing agents and evaporative liquid-based extinguishing agents mentioned above, it does not have a cooling effect, so it does not prevent re-ignition. To prevent this, a considerable amount of powder is required, and the amount normally filled in a fire extinguisher used at home is insufficient. Furthermore, foam-based fire extinguishing agents, such as protein foam fire extinguishing agents, synthetic interfacial foam fire extinguishing agents, and aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agents, have excellent cooling effects on tempura oil and suppressing flammable vapors. However, it is extremely dangerous as it fans the flames and scatters tempura oil when emitting foam. Compared to the above four types of extinguishing agents, a reinforced liquid extinguishing agent whose main agent is potassium carbonate, which is one of the representative examples of water-based extinguishing agents, has a saponification effect because the main agent potassium carbonate is more alkaline than alkali bicarbonate. This enhanced liquid fire extinguisher is considered to be relatively effective against tempura oil fires because it is somewhat strong and can suppress the release of flammable vapor to some extent, and also has the cooling effect of tempura oil. However, the suppressing effect on flammable vapors is still insufficient to completely prevent re-ignition, and the potassium carbonate content is 30% by weight.
It is a concentrated solution containing the above, with a pH of 12.4 or higher, which is highly alkaline and poses a danger to human resources, so it is far from satisfactory as a fire extinguisher. On the other hand, in the case of a fire where there are obstacles to extinguishing, such as a kerosene stove fire, the aforementioned evaporative liquid-based extinguishing agent or foam-based extinguishing agent can be used to stop the fire even if there is an obstruction. They are effective because they can cover the area, but powder-based extinguishing agents and reinforced liquid extinguishing agents become obstructed by obstacles and cannot completely cover the area of fire, making it impossible to extinguish the fire. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is effective in extinguishing fires A (ordinary fire), fire B (oil fire), and fire C (electrical fire) stipulated in the Fire Service Act, as well as fires that have been occurring frequently in recent years. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a weakly alkaline fire extinguishing agent composition that can safely and quickly extinguish tempura oil fires and kerosene stove fires and sufficiently prevent re-ignition. That is, the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention contains 6 to 15% by weight of an alkali bicarbonate, 2 to 10% by weight of a borate, and 0.3 to 5% by weight of one or more surfactants, and water etc. as main ingredients. It is dissolved in a solvent of
When a fire occurs, it is extinguished by emitting spray or foam from a pressure vessel. A solution prepared by dissolving alkaline bicarbonate alone in a solvent such as water is weakly alkaline, and as mentioned above, it slightly saponifies tempura oil and forms a thin film on the surface of tempura oil. It does not work to form strong and durable bubbles on the surface of the tempura oil that can completely suppress the release of flammable vapors, nor does it work to lower the temperature of the tempura oil below its ignition point. Furthermore, this single solution of alkali bicarbonate is not suitable for kerosene stove fires for the same reason as the above-mentioned reinforced liquid fire extinguisher. In addition, a solution of borate alone does not have the above effect. Furthermore, although a fire extinguishing agent consisting of an alkali bicarbonate and a borate is effective against fires caused by tempura oil, it is still unsuitable for fires caused by kerosene stoves, as is the case with reinforced liquid fire extinguishing agents. However, as in the present invention, alkali bicarbonate 6~
If it is a fire extinguishing composition in which 15% by weight of borate, 2-10% by weight of borate, and 0.3-5% by weight of one or more surfactants are dissolved in a solvent such as water as the main ingredients, bicarbonate Even if the concentration of alkaline salts is low, just emitting a small amount in the form of a spray will rapidly form strong and durable bubbles on the surface of tempura oil that is burning at a high temperature above the ignition point, preventing tempura oil fires. Not only can it instantly extinguish the fire, suppress the release of flammable vapor from the tempura oil, and sufficiently prevent re-ignition after radiation, but the foaming action of the surfactant can also prevent fires from kerosene stoves. The generated foam completely covers the spilled kerosene without being interfered with by obstacles, and the fire can be extinguished satisfactorily. As a result of various research conducted by the present inventor,
This is the first finding that is effective against tempura oil fires because the saponification of tempura oil by alkali bicarbonate is significantly accelerated by the coexisting borates, resulting in the release of flammable vapor. It is assumed that strong and durable foam that is sufficient to completely suppress fires is formed rapidly, and what is effective against kerosene stove fires is the air in the foam that is generated by the foaming action of the coexisting surfactant. This is due to characteristics such as blocking action and expansion action. As the alkali bicarbonate salt used in the present invention, water-soluble alkali bicarbonate salts such as potassium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate are suitable. , where M represents an alkali metal and m takes a value between 1 and 4], for example, water-soluble borates such as potassium borate, sodium borate, and potassium tetraborate are suitable. In addition, as the surfactant, room temperature foaming such as N-acyl sarcosinate, higher alcohol sulfate ester salt, N-acyl-N-methyl-β-alaninate, higher fatty acid ester salt, betaine type amphoteric surfactant, etc. or fluorine-based surfactants that foam at room temperature, such as perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and perfluoroalkyl carbonates, and these non-fluorine and fluorine-based surfactants Of course, both can be used alone, but it is preferable to use both in combination. The content of these alkali bicarbonates is approximately 6 to
15% by weight, borate in the range of about 2-10% by weight, surfactant in the range of 0.3-5% by weight. This is because if the amount of alkali bicarbonate is less than 6% by weight and the amount of borate is less than 2% by weight, there will be a shortage of alkali bicarbonate and the saponification promoting effect of borate will not be achieved. It becomes difficult to form a sufficient amount of foam on the surface of tempura oil, and conversely, if the alkali bicarbonate exceeds 15% by weight and the borate exceeds 10% by weight, an excessive amount of foam may be formed. This is because, in addition to being wasteful, the alkalinity of the extinguishing agent itself becomes somewhat stronger. In addition, if the surfactant content is less than 0.3% by weight, the amount of foaming will be insufficient and the extinguishing performance against kerosene stove fires will be insufficient, while if it exceeds 5% by weight, the extinguishing performance will hardly change. Because it would be wasted. As mentioned above, the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention has as main ingredients an alkali bicarbonate, a borate which acts to promote saponification, and one or more surfactants which act as a foaming agent. It is desirable to further add one or more thickeners selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides, and alginates, which do not cause chemical reactions between these base ingredients. This is because when such a thickener is added, the foam layer formed on the surface of tempura oil and the foam covering kerosene become stronger and more durable. Incidentally, it is sufficient to add such a thickening agent in a very small amount of less than 1% by weight. Furthermore, the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention may contain an antifreeze agent such as urea for the purpose of lowering the freezing point, or may contain ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfamate, and ammonium phosphate for the purpose of increasing the ability to extinguish A fires stipulated in the Fire Service Act. Of course, it is also possible to add an alkali salt or an alkali halide salt of an organic acid such as citric acid, acetic acid, or tartaric acid for the purpose of increasing the ability to extinguish B fires specified in the Fire Service Act. Since all of these additives are free from the risk of reducing the saponification effect or fire extinguishing power, the amount to be added can be freely determined depending on the purpose. Next, the fire extinguishing agent composition of the present invention will be explained with reference to Examples. Examples 1 to 5 Five types of fire extinguishing agent compositions having the composition ratios shown in Table 1 below were prepared, and 300 g of each composition was filled into an aerosol type simple fire extinguisher, pressurized with liquefied gas, and heated in the following manner. Fire extinguishing tests were conducted using fire extinguishing model 1 (tempura oil fire) and extinguishing model 2 (oil stove fire). Fire extinguishing model 1 (tempura oil fire) Put 700ml of soybean oil (with an ignition point in the range of 360 to 370℃) in a wok with a diameter of 30cm and a depth of 7.5cm, and heat the soybean oil to 400℃ on a gas stove. burn it,
After extinguishing the fire on the gas stove, start spraying a fire extinguishing agent composition from a fire extinguisher or a simple aerosol fire extinguisher, and after extinguishing the fire, continue spraying for another 5 seconds, and then check whether there is any re-ignition and the surface of the tempura oil. I observed the condition. Fire extinguishing model 2 (oil stove fire) Place an iron box with a width of 40 cm, a depth of 20 cm, and a height of 50 cm in the center of an iron fire pan with a width of 70 cm, a depth of 40 cm, and a depth of 2 cm, and fit JISK2203, No. 1 inside the fire pan. Add 1 kerosene and 100 ml of normal heptane and ignite.
After burning for 1 minute, the fire extinguisher composition was emitted from a fire extinguisher or a simple aerosol fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire, and the presence or absence of rekindling within 1 minute was examined. The results of the above fire extinguishing tests are shown in Table 2 below for fire extinguishing model 1, and in Table 3 below for fire extinguishing model 2.
Shown in the table. Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Fire extinguishing tests were conducted using fire extinguishing models 1 and 2 in the same manner as in the above examples, using two types of extinguishing agent compositions having the composition ratios shown in Table 1 below. The results are also shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.
【表】【table】
【表】【table】
【表】
以上の結果から明らかなように、従来の強化液
消火剤（比較例１）や重炭酸カリウム塩とホウ酸
塩を主剤とする消火剤（比較例２）はてんぷら油
火災にのみ有効であるのに対し、本発明の消火剤
組成物はてんぷら油火災及び石油ストーブ火災の
双方を安全且つ少量で容易に消火できる優れた消
火能力及び再着火防止能力を有するものであるこ
とが判る。[Table] As is clear from the above results, the conventional reinforced liquid fire extinguisher (Comparative Example 1) and the fire extinguisher whose main ingredients are potassium bicarbonate and borate (Comparative Example 2) are effective only against tempura oil fires. On the other hand, it can be seen that the fire extinguishing composition of the present invention has excellent fire extinguishing ability and re-ignition prevention ability that can safely and easily extinguish both tempura oil fires and kerosene stove fires in a small amount.
Claims (1)
〜10重量％と一種又は二種以上の界面活性剤0.3
〜５重量％とが主剤として水等の溶媒に溶解せし
められていることを特徴とする消火剤組成物。 ２ カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリビニルア
ルコール、多糖類、アルギン酸塩よりなる群から
選ばれた一種又は二種以上の増粘剤を更に含有せ
しめた特許請求の範囲第１項記載の消火剤組成
物。[Scope of Claims] 1. 6 to 15% by weight of alkali bicarbonate and borate 2.
~10% by weight and one or more surfactants 0.3
5% by weight of a fire extinguishing agent composition, characterized in that the main ingredient is dissolved in a solvent such as water. 2. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, further comprising one or more thickeners selected from the group consisting of carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polysaccharides, and alginates.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25204783A JPS60142869A (en) | 1983-12-29 | 1983-12-29 | Fire extinguishing composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25204783A JPS60142869A (en) | 1983-12-29 | 1983-12-29 | Fire extinguishing composition |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60142869A JPS60142869A (en) | 1985-07-29 |
| JPH029828B2 true JPH029828B2 (en) | 1990-03-05 |
Family
ID=17231827
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP25204783A Granted JPS60142869A (en) | 1983-12-29 | 1983-12-29 | Fire extinguishing composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60142869A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0376963B1 (en) * | 1988-07-11 | 1995-02-15 | CURZON, Jon L. | Fire extinguishing composition |
| DE10003793A1 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-09-06 | Febbex Ag Steinsel | Process and extinguishing agent for extinguishing an oil and / or fat fire |
| JP5481033B2 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2014-04-23 | 能美防災株式会社 | Bubble fire extinguishing equipment |
| CN108553788A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-09-21 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of environmental protection temperature sensitive type colloid water mists additive and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5025095A (en) * | 1973-07-06 | 1975-03-17 | ||
| JPS5210784B2 (en) * | 1973-12-05 | 1977-03-26 |
-
1983
- 1983-12-29 JP JP25204783A patent/JPS60142869A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60142869A (en) | 1985-07-29 |
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