JPH0289368A - Solid-state image sensing device - Google Patents
Solid-state image sensing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0289368A JPH0289368A JP63241778A JP24177888A JPH0289368A JP H0289368 A JPH0289368 A JP H0289368A JP 63241778 A JP63241778 A JP 63241778A JP 24177888 A JP24177888 A JP 24177888A JP H0289368 A JPH0289368 A JP H0289368A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- solid
- selecting
- photoelectric
- switching transistor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は光電変換素子からの信号を画素毎に増幅して出
力する構造の固体撮像装置に関し、特にその3次元化を
図った固体撮像装置に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device having a structure in which a signal from a photoelectric conversion element is amplified and output for each pixel, and in particular to a solid-state imaging device that is three-dimensional. Regarding.
[発明の概要〕
本発明は、光電変換素子からの信号を画素毎に増幅して
出力する構造の固体撮像装置において、充電変換を行う
基板と電気信号を選択するための基板とを別個に形成し
た後、これら各基板を重ねて形成する構造にすることに
より、高感度化や高解像度化等を実現するものである。[Summary of the Invention] The present invention provides a solid-state imaging device having a structure in which a signal from a photoelectric conversion element is amplified and output for each pixel, in which a board for performing charge conversion and a board for selecting an electrical signal are formed separately. After that, by forming a structure in which these respective substrates are stacked one on top of the other, higher sensitivity, higher resolution, etc. can be realized.
最近の撮像技術においては、光電荷信号を低雑音で増幅
して、高感度化や高S/N化を図ろうとする技術が検討
されており、例えば「テレビジョン学会誌J、1988
年8月号、787頁〜793頁(Vol。In recent imaging technology, technologies are being considered that attempt to amplify photoelectric charge signals with low noise to achieve higher sensitivity and higher S/N.
August issue, pp. 787-793 (Vol.
42、社団法人テレビジョン学会発行)に記載されるよ
うに、その1つに画素の中に増幅回路を入れたAM I
(Amplified MOS Intellige
nt Imager)等の画素内で信号を増幅し、これ
を走査して取り出す装置が知られている。42, published by the Society of Television Engineers), one of them is AM I, which has an amplifier circuit inside the pixel.
(Amplified MOS Intellige
A device such as a nt Imager that amplifies a signal within a pixel and scans and extracts the signal is known.
このような増幅型固体撮像素子を用いることで、小さな
面積で大きなダイナツクレンジを得ることが可能となる
。By using such an amplification type solid-state image sensor, it is possible to obtain a large dynamic range with a small area.
しかしながら、増幅型とするためには、例えばその単位
画素を1つのフォトダイオードと3つのMOS)ランジ
スタで構成する必要があり、高密度に配置することが困
難となっている。However, in order to use an amplification type, for example, the unit pixel must be composed of one photodiode and three MOS transistors, which makes it difficult to arrange them at high density.
そこで、本発明は高感度化を図ると共にその高密度化も
1テうような固体;心像装置の提供を目的とする。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state image device that can achieve high sensitivity and high density.
(課題を解決するための手段〕
上述の目的を達成するために、本発明の固体撮像装置は
、光電変換素子の一方の領域から延在するゲート電極を
層間絶縁膜中に形成し、且つそのゲート電極により増幅
された信号を取り出す取り出し部とからなる光電変10
M板を有し、その光電変換基板上に、上記取り出し部
からの信号を選択するスイッチングトランジスタを形成
した選択用基板を形成したことを特徴とする。(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the solid-state imaging device of the present invention has a gate electrode extending from one region of a photoelectric conversion element formed in an interlayer insulating film, and a gate electrode extending from one region of a photoelectric conversion element. A photoelectric transformer 10 consisting of an extraction section that takes out the signal amplified by the gate electrode.
The present invention is characterized in that it has an M plate, and a selection substrate on which a switching transistor for selecting a signal from the extraction portion is formed is formed on the photoelectric conversion substrate.
ここで、上記光電変換基板における回路構成は、フォト
ダイオード等の光電変換素子に増幅用のトランジスタの
ゲート電極が接続したものとなり、その増幅した信号が
取り出し部に供給される。その回路には所要のリセット
するための素子を設けることもでき、フォトダイオード
のリセットを基板に特定の電位を与え、基板から電荷を
抜き出すように行うこともできる。また、基板の一方の
面に光電変換素子を配列させ、他方の面に取り出し部を
配列させるような構成にすることもできる。Here, the circuit configuration of the photoelectric conversion board is such that a gate electrode of an amplification transistor is connected to a photoelectric conversion element such as a photodiode, and the amplified signal is supplied to the extraction section. The circuit may be provided with a necessary resetting element, and the photodiode may be reset by applying a specific potential to the substrate and extracting the charge from the substrate. Further, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which photoelectric conversion elements are arranged on one surface of the substrate and take-out portions are arranged on the other surface.
さらに、取り出し部として特に選択成長層を用いるよう
な構成でも良い、選択成長層としては、選択エピタキシ
ャル層や選択シリサイド層2選択タングステン層等の各
種材料を用いることができる。Further, a structure in which a selectively grown layer is particularly used as the extraction portion may be used. As the selectively grown layer, various materials such as a selective epitaxial layer, a selective silicide layer, a selective tungsten layer, etc. can be used.
上記スイッチングトランジスタが形成された基板は、特
に7iJ膜のものとすることができ、その場合にはスイ
ッチングトランジスタを薄膜トランジスタにすることが
できる。The substrate on which the switching transistor is formed can in particular be of a 7iJ film, in which case the switching transistor can be a thin film transistor.
(作用〕
光電変換基板上に選択用基板を形成することで、素子の
構造を3次元化することが可能となる。従って、高密度
化が可能となり、高解像度化を図ることができる。また
、光電変換基板には、スイッチングトランジスタ等が設
けられず、その光電変換基板には信号の選択のための機
構が不要となり、その分だけ光電変換素子の面積等を増
大させて、高感度化を図ることができる。(Function) By forming the selection substrate on the photoelectric conversion substrate, it is possible to make the structure of the element three-dimensional.Therefore, it is possible to increase the density and achieve high resolution. , the photoelectric conversion board is not provided with a switching transistor, etc., and the photoelectric conversion board does not require a mechanism for signal selection, which increases the area of the photoelectric conversion element and increases sensitivity. can be achieved.
(実施例〕 本発明の好適な実施例を図面を参照しながら説明する。(Example〕 Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
本実施例の固体撮像装置は、各画素毎に信号の増幅機能
を有した固体撮像装置の例である。The solid-state imaging device of this embodiment is an example of a solid-state imaging device that has a signal amplification function for each pixel.
まず、その模式的な断面構造は、第1図に模式的に示す
ように、主に光電変IA基板lと選択用基(反2が張り
合わされた構造とされている。First, its schematic cross-sectional structure, as schematically shown in FIG. 1, is mainly a structure in which a photoelectric transformer IA substrate 1 and a selection group (2) are pasted together.
まず、光電変換基板1は、rI型のシリコンy!E阪1
1にp型のウェル領域12が形成された構造を有し、そ
のp型のウェル領域12の主面12aには、n−型の不
純物領域13.チャンネル形成領域14.n’型の不純
物領域15.チャンネルストッパー領域16が形成され
ている。なお、図示を省略するが、n型のシリコン基板
11の裏面11aには遮光膜が形成される。上記r1−
型の不純物領域13はp型のウェル領域12とpn接合
を形成し、フォトダイオードの一部として機能する。First, the photoelectric conversion substrate 1 is made of rI type silicon y! E-saka 1
The p-type well region 12 has a structure in which a p-type well region 12 is formed in the main surface 12a of the p-type well region 12, and an n-type impurity region 13. Channel forming region 14. n' type impurity region 15. A channel stopper region 16 is formed. Although not shown, a light shielding film is formed on the back surface 11a of the n-type silicon substrate 11. Above r1-
The type impurity region 13 forms a pn junction with the p-type well region 12, and functions as a part of a photodiode.
チャンネル形成領域14は、増幅用トランジスタのチャ
ンネルとなる領域であり、第2図に示すように、n゛型
の不純物領域15と電圧Vaaが供給されるn゛型の不
純′+!A領域19の間に延在される。The channel forming region 14 is a region that becomes a channel of the amplification transistor, and as shown in FIG. 2, it is composed of an n' type impurity region 15 and an n' type impurity '+! to which the voltage Vaa is supplied. It extends between the A areas 19.
チャンネルストンパー領域16は各画素間の分離を行う
ための領域である。上記n−型の不純物領域13の表面
からは、シリコン酸化膜等の層間絶縁膜17中にゲート
電極18が取り出されている。The channel stomper area 16 is an area for separating each pixel. A gate electrode 18 is extracted from the surface of the n-type impurity region 13 into an interlayer insulating film 17 such as a silicon oxide film.
このゲート電極18は上記チャンネル形成領域14に!
f!!縁膜を介して臨み、増幅用トランジスタのゲート
として機能する。従って、フォトダイオードに光が入射
することで、ゲート電極18の電位が高くなり、チャン
ネル形成領域14にチャンネルが形成され、上記n゛型
の不純物領域19と上記n゛型の不純物領域15の間が
導通ずる。そのn°型の不純物領域15の表面には層間
絶縁膜!7を開口してコンタクトホール21が形成され
、そのコンタクトホール
シリサイド石からなる選択成長層20が形成されている
。この選択成長層20は選択用基板2と光電変換基板l
の間の界面1aまで選択成長により形成され、増幅され
た信号の取り出し部取り出し部として機能する。This gate electrode 18 is located in the channel forming region 14!
f! ! It faces through the edge film and functions as the gate of the amplification transistor. Therefore, when light is incident on the photodiode, the potential of the gate electrode 18 increases, a channel is formed in the channel forming region 14, and a channel is formed between the n-type impurity region 19 and the n-type impurity region 15. is conductive. An interlayer insulating film is formed on the surface of the n° type impurity region 15! A contact hole 21 is formed by opening 7, and a selective growth layer 20 made of silicide stone is formed in the contact hole. This selective growth layer 20 consists of a selective substrate 2 and a photoelectric conversion substrate l.
It is formed by selective growth up to the interface 1a between them, and functions as an extraction portion for the amplified signal.
このような光電変換基板lと選択用基板2の間の界面1
aは極めて平坦な面とされる。そして、上記選択用基板
2は、その界面1aで張り合わされている。この選択用
基板2の界面la上にはシリコン薄膜が形成され、一部
がスイッチングトランジスタ(Y選択トランジスタ)の
活性領域として機能する。すなわち、上記選択成長層2
0に接続Vる領域にn°型の半導体領域22が形成され
、このn゛型の半導体領域22と隣接してp型の半導体
領域23が設けられる。このp型の半導体領域23の上
部には絶縁膜24を介してゲート電極25が形成される
。そのp型の半導体領域23を間に挟んでn°型の半導
体領域22と対向するようにn゛型の半導体領域26が
形成される。これらn゛型の半導体領域22.26は素
子分離のためのP゛型の半導体領域27に囲まれる。そ
して、これらの各半導体領域22,23,26.27の
上部には絶縁膜28が形成され、その絶縁膜28の上部
には上記ゲート電極25と接続するアルミ配線層29が
形成される。このアルミ配線層29はY選択用の信号Φ
Yをゲート電極25に伝え、選択用基板2では、その信
号ΦYに基づいて薄膜トランジスタからなるスイッチン
グトランジスタが作動することになる。An interface 1 between such a photoelectric conversion substrate 1 and a selection substrate 2
A is an extremely flat surface. The selection substrates 2 are bonded together at the interface 1a. A silicon thin film is formed on the interface la of the selection substrate 2, and a portion thereof functions as an active region of a switching transistor (Y selection transistor). That is, the selective growth layer 2
An n° type semiconductor region 22 is formed in a region connected to V0, and a p type semiconductor region 23 is provided adjacent to this n° type semiconductor region 22. A gate electrode 25 is formed above this p-type semiconductor region 23 with an insulating film 24 interposed therebetween. An n° type semiconductor region 26 is formed to face the n° type semiconductor region 22 with the p type semiconductor region 23 therebetween. These n-type semiconductor regions 22 and 26 are surrounded by a p-type semiconductor region 27 for element isolation. An insulating film 28 is formed above each of these semiconductor regions 22, 23, 26, and 27, and an aluminum wiring layer 29 connected to the gate electrode 25 is formed above the insulating film 28. This aluminum wiring layer 29 is a signal Φ for Y selection.
Y is transmitted to the gate electrode 25, and in the selection substrate 2, a switching transistor made of a thin film transistor is operated based on the signal ΦY.
おおむね上述の如き構成を有する固体撮像装置の各画素
の回路を第3図に示す。1つの画素は1つのフォトダイ
オード31と2つのMOSトランジスタ32.33とか
らなり、MOSトランジスタ32は信号の増幅用に用い
られ、MOS)ランジスタ33は画素の選択用に用いら
れる。第1図の対応する部分については、フォトダ・イ
オード31の一端が上記n゛型の不純物領域13となり
、これがMOS)ランジスタ32のゲートとなるゲート
電1順18に接続する。2つのMOSトランジスタ32
.33の接続点34は、第1図の選択成長層20が該当
し、MOSトランジスタ33のゲートは上記ゲートi極
25が対応する。」−記n゛型の半導体領域26がX選
択のために用いられる。FIG. 3 shows a circuit of each pixel of a solid-state imaging device having a configuration roughly as described above. One pixel consists of one photodiode 31 and two MOS transistors 32 and 33, the MOS transistor 32 is used for signal amplification, and the MOS transistor 33 is used for pixel selection. Regarding the corresponding portion in FIG. 1, one end of the photodiode 31 becomes the n' type impurity region 13, which is connected to the gate electrode 18 which becomes the gate of the MOS transistor 32. two MOS transistors 32
.. The connection point 33 corresponds to the selectively grown layer 20 in FIG. 1, and the gate of the MOS transistor 33 corresponds to the gate i-pole 25. ''-n'' type semiconductor region 26 is used for X selection.
ここで、本実施例の固体撮像装置が選択用基板2と光電
変換基板1の張り合わせからなるために、上記〜10S
トランジスタ32.33は、基板の主面に垂直な方向に
重なって配せられることになる。Here, since the solid-state imaging device of this embodiment is composed of the selection substrate 2 and the photoelectric conversion substrate 1, the above ~10S
The transistors 32 and 33 are arranged to overlap in a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate.
このため各画素の面積をそれほど大きく採ることなく増
幅型の素子構成にすることができ、高感度化を図ると同
時に、高密度化,高解像度化を図ることができる。また
、本実施例の固体撮像装置では、画素の回路にリセット
用の素子が設けられないが、フォトダイオード31のす
七ノドは、p型のウェル領域12やn型のシリコン基1
fi11等に所要の電位を与え、電荷を基板側へ引き出
すことで行うことができる。このためリセット用の素子
が設けられない分だけ、素子の面積を有効に用いること
ができ、高密度化.高解像度化を図ることができる。Therefore, an amplification type element structure can be provided without requiring a large area for each pixel, and it is possible to achieve high sensitivity, high density, and high resolution at the same time. Further, in the solid-state imaging device of this embodiment, a reset element is not provided in the pixel circuit, but the seven nodes of the photodiode 31 are connected to the p-type well region 12 and the n-type silicon substrate 1.
This can be done by applying a required potential to fi11 etc. and drawing out the charge to the substrate side. Therefore, since no reset element is provided, the area of the element can be used effectively, resulting in higher density. High resolution can be achieved.
このような固体撮像装置の製逍方法について節単に説明
すれば、フォトダイオードと増幅用トランジスタを有し
た光電変IA基板1を形成し、その界面1aを十分に平
坦化する。また、この時ス沢的な成長方法によって、取
り出し部としての選択成長層20を形成する。十分な平
1!l!化を図った後、シリコン薄膜を有した選択用基
板2を玉り合わせる。この選択用基板2は、通常のウェ
ハをグラ・インディング、ラシピング,ポリッシング、
等を施したようなものであっても良い。そして、その選
択用)i:仮2にスイッチングトランジスタ等を作るこ
とで、スイッチング(・ランジスクはSO[構造となり
、固体ti像装置の画素の選択用の回路の部分が製造さ
れることになる。To briefly explain the manufacturing method of such a solid-state imaging device, a photoelectric variable IA substrate 1 having a photodiode and an amplification transistor is formed, and its interface 1a is sufficiently flattened. Further, at this time, a selective growth layer 20 as a take-out portion is formed by a slow growth method. Enough Hei 1! l! After this, the selection substrate 2 having a silicon thin film is balled together. This selection substrate 2 can be used for grinding, rasping, polishing, and
It may also be one that has been subjected to such processing. Then, by creating a switching transistor, etc. for the selection) i: temporary 2, the switching transistor becomes an SO[ structure, and the circuit part for selecting the pixel of the solid-state TI image device is manufactured.
本発明の固体撮像装置は、光電変換基板−トに選沢用益
板を形成するため、素子の構造を3次元化することがで
き、従って、高密度化、高感度化。In the solid-state imaging device of the present invention, since the selection plate is formed on the photoelectric conversion substrate, the structure of the element can be made three-dimensional, and therefore, the density and sensitivity can be increased.
高解像度化を図ることができる。また、実施例に説明し
たように、2つのMOSLランジスタで画素の回路を構
成することもでき、撮像素子の特性向上を図ることがで
きる。High resolution can be achieved. Further, as described in the embodiment, a pixel circuit can be configured with two MOSL transistors, and the characteristics of the image sensor can be improved.
第1図は本発明の固体ii像装置の一例の模式的な断面
図、第2図はその一例の模式的な平面図、第3図はその
一例の画素の回路構成を示す回路図である。
l・・・光電変換基板
2・・・選択用基板
特許出願人 ソニー株式会社
代理人弁理士 小池 晃(1山2名)FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of the solid-state II image device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the example, and FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the circuit configuration of a pixel of the example. . l...Photoelectric conversion board 2...Selection board Patent applicant Akira Koike, patent attorney representing Sony Corporation (2 people per pile)
Claims (1)
層間絶縁膜中に形成し、且つそのゲート電極により増幅
された信号を取り出す取り出し部を有する光電変換基板
上に、上記取り出し部からの信号を選択するスイッチン
グトランジスタを形成した選択用基板を形成してなる固
体撮像装置。A gate electrode extending from one region of the photoelectric conversion element is formed in an interlayer insulating film, and a signal from the extraction portion is placed on a photoelectric conversion substrate having an extraction portion for extracting a signal amplified by the gate electrode. A solid-state imaging device including a selection substrate formed with switching transistors to be selected.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63241778A JPH0289368A (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Solid-state image sensing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63241778A JPH0289368A (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Solid-state image sensing device |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH0289368A true JPH0289368A (en) | 1990-03-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP63241778A Pending JPH0289368A (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1988-09-27 | Solid-state image sensing device |
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1988
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