JPH02301909A - Inorganic insulated cable and its manufacture - Google Patents

Inorganic insulated cable and its manufacture

Info

Publication number
JPH02301909A
JPH02301909A JP12378389A JP12378389A JPH02301909A JP H02301909 A JPH02301909 A JP H02301909A JP 12378389 A JP12378389 A JP 12378389A JP 12378389 A JP12378389 A JP 12378389A JP H02301909 A JPH02301909 A JP H02301909A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
layer
oxide
copper
alloy layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP12378389A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Koichi Yamada
浩一 山田
Kazuo Sawada
澤田 和夫
Masanobu Nishio
西尾 将伸
Shinji Inasawa
信二 稲沢
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
Priority to JP12378389A priority Critical patent/JPH02301909A/en
Publication of JPH02301909A publication Critical patent/JPH02301909A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an inorganic insulated cable having high conductivity and heat resistance and insulating property by forming an aluminum alloy layer copper, iron, nickel, or silver alloying element on the outer circumference of a copper conductor and forming an oxide layer containing aluminum oxide by heating the aluminum alloy layer. CONSTITUTION:An aluminum alloy layer 2 is formed on a conductor 1. The aluminum alloy layer 2 is an aluminum alloy containing copper, iron, nickel, and/or silver allying element. The reason for containing copper, iron, nickel, and/or silver is to promote oxidation of aluminum. An oxide layer 3 containing aluminum oxide is formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy layer 2 by heating the wire having aluminum alloy layer outside in oxygen-containing atmosphere. An inorganic insulating layer 4 is then formed on the oxide layer 3. As the inorganic insulating layer 4, aluminum oxide or silicon oxide is preferable.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 [産業上の利用分野] この発明は、高真空機器や高温使用機器などにおいて配
線用や巻線用電線等に用いられる電線に関するものであ
り、さらにはその電線の製造方法に関するものである。
[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to electric wires used for wiring and winding wires in high-vacuum equipment, high-temperature equipment, etc. It is about the method.

[従来の技術] 従来の一般的な機器に用いられる配線用電線や巻線用電
線には、金属導体のまわりを有機被覆材料で覆った電線
が知られている。特に耐熱性を要求される用途では、照
射架橋した樹脂、4フッ化エチレンなどのようなフッ素
含有樹脂、またはポリイミド等で被覆した電線が使用さ
れている。しかしながら、このような樹脂被覆電線の耐
熱性はたかだか300℃である。
[Prior Art] Wires in which a metal conductor is covered with an organic coating material are known as wiring wires and winding wires used in conventional general equipment. Particularly in applications requiring heat resistance, electric wires coated with radiation-crosslinked resins, fluorine-containing resins such as tetrafluoroethylene, or polyimides are used. However, the heat resistance of such resin-coated electric wires is at most 300°C.

高真空機器内で用いられる電線の場合には、ベーキング
処理等の加熱に耐え得る耐熱性が要求され、さらに高真
空度を達成し維持するために、吸着、吸収したガスや水
分等の放出が少なく、熱分解によるガス放出の少ない電
線が要求される。有機材料を被覆した従来の電線では、
このような耐熱性や非ガス放出性の要求を満足すること
はできない。
In the case of electric wires used in high vacuum equipment, heat resistance that can withstand heating such as baking treatment is required, and in order to achieve and maintain a high degree of vacuum, the release of adsorbed and absorbed gases and moisture is required. Electric wires that emit less gas due to thermal decomposition are required. Conventional wires coated with organic materials
Such requirements for heat resistance and non-gassing properties cannot be satisfied.

このため、無機材料により被覆された電線が検討されて
おり、たとえば、アルミニウム導体の表面をアルマイト
加工して、表面にAfh 203膜を形成したアルマイ
ト電線や、電析法による電線、さらには絶縁性セラミク
スをコーティングした電線が検討されている。
For this reason, electric wires coated with inorganic materials are being considered, such as anodized electric wires in which the surface of an aluminum conductor is anodized and an Afh 203 film is formed on the surface, electric wires made by electrodeposition, and even insulating wires. Electric wires coated with ceramics are being considered.

[発明が解決しようとする課題] しかしながら、従来検討されてきた電線には以下のよう
な問題がある。
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the electric wires that have been conventionally studied have the following problems.

アルマイト電線や電析法による電線は、導体部がアルミ
ニウムに限定されるため、単位体積あたりの熱容量の点
から耐熱性が乏しい。また、銅などのような高い導電性
を得ることができない。
Anodized electric wires and electric wires produced by electrodeposition have poor heat resistance in terms of heat capacity per unit volume because the conductor portion is limited to aluminum. Also, it cannot achieve high conductivity like copper.

絶縁性セラミクスをコーティングした電線においても、
銅はセラミクスとの密着性に劣るため、セラミクスとの
剥離を生じやすく、絶縁電線として使用することができ
なかった。
Even in electric wires coated with insulating ceramics,
Since copper has poor adhesion to ceramics, it tends to peel off from the ceramics, so it could not be used as an insulated wire.

この発明の目的は、このような従来の問題点を解消し、
高い導電性を有し、かつ耐熱性および絶縁性に優れた無
機絶縁電線およびその製造方法を提供することにある。
The purpose of this invention is to solve such conventional problems,
An object of the present invention is to provide an inorganic insulated wire having high conductivity and excellent heat resistance and insulation, and a method for manufacturing the same.

[課題を解決するための手段] 請求項1の発明は、銅からなる導体と、導体のまわりに
設けられ、銅、鉄、ニッケルおよび銀からなるグループ
より選ばれた少なくとも1種の合金元素を含んだアルミ
合金層と、酸素を含む雰囲気中でアルミ合金層の表面を
熱処理することにより形成される酸化アルミを含む酸化
物層と、酸化物層のまわりに設けられる無機絶縁層とを
備える、無機絶縁電線である。
[Means for Solving the Problems] The invention according to claim 1 includes a conductor made of copper and at least one alloy element selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, nickel and silver provided around the conductor. an oxide layer containing aluminum oxide formed by heat-treating the surface of the aluminum alloy layer in an atmosphere containing oxygen, and an inorganic insulating layer provided around the oxide layer. It is an inorganic insulated wire.

このような無機絶縁電線において、導体の材質としては
銅が用いられているが、高導電率を目的とする場合には
無酸素銅であることが好ましい。
In such inorganic insulated wires, copper is used as the conductor material, but oxygen-free copper is preferable when high conductivity is desired.

請求項3の発明は、請求項1の無機絶縁電線を製造する
ための方法にかかるものであり、銅、鉄、ニッケルおよ
び銀からなるグループより選ばれた少なくとも1種の合
金元素を含んだアルミ合金からなるパイプと、銅からな
る線状の導体を嵌合し、伸線して、外周にアルミ合金層
を有した線材とし、酸素を含む雰囲気中で線材を熱処理
することによって、アルミ合金層の表面に酸化アルミを
含む酸化物層を形成し、酸化物層のまわりに無機絶縁層
を形成する各ステップを備えている。
The invention according to claim 3 relates to a method for manufacturing the inorganic insulated wire according to claim 1, which includes aluminum containing at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, nickel, and silver. A pipe made of an alloy and a wire conductor made of copper are fitted together, drawn to form a wire with an aluminum alloy layer on the outer periphery, and the wire is heat-treated in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to form an aluminum alloy layer. The method includes steps of forming an oxide layer containing aluminum oxide on the surface of the oxide layer, and forming an inorganic insulating layer around the oxide layer.

この製造方法の発明において、熱処理の雰囲気は、分圧
制御された酸素と、アルミ合金層中の構成元素に対して
化学的に不活性なガスから構成されていることが好まし
い。アルミ合金層中の構成元素に対して化学的に不活性
なガスを混合するのは酸素分圧の制御を容易にするため
である。
In the invention of this manufacturing method, it is preferable that the heat treatment atmosphere is composed of oxygen whose partial pressure is controlled and a gas that is chemically inert to the constituent elements in the aluminum alloy layer. The reason for mixing a chemically inert gas with respect to the constituent elements in the aluminum alloy layer is to facilitate control of the oxygen partial pressure.

[発明の作用効果] 第1図は、この発明を説明するための一実施例を示す断
面図である。線材の中心部には導体1が設けられており
、この導体1は、銅、好ましくは無酸素銅からなる。こ
のため、請求項1の発明の無機絶縁電線は、高い耐熱性
および導電性を有する。また、線径を細くすることが可
能であり、配線等に有利な電線とすることができる。
[Operations and Effects of the Invention] FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment for explaining the present invention. A conductor 1 is provided in the center of the wire, and this conductor 1 is made of copper, preferably oxygen-free copper. Therefore, the inorganic insulated wire of the invention of claim 1 has high heat resistance and conductivity. Moreover, the wire diameter can be made thinner, and the wire can be made advantageous for wiring, etc.

導体1のまわりには、アルミ合金層2が設けられている
。アルミ合金層2は、銅、鉄、ニッケルおよび銀からな
るグループより選ばれた少なくとも1種の合金元素を含
んだアルミ合金からなる。
An aluminum alloy layer 2 is provided around the conductor 1. The aluminum alloy layer 2 is made of an aluminum alloy containing at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, nickel, and silver.

合金元素として、銅、鉄、ニッケルおよび銀からなるグ
ループより選ばれた少なくとも1種を含むのは、アルミ
ニウムの酸化を促進させるためである。
The reason why at least one element selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, nickel and silver is included as an alloying element is to promote the oxidation of aluminum.

また、これらの合金元素のアルミ合金層中における含有
量は、銅が8wt%以下、鉄が1 w t%以下、ニッ
ケルがl w t%以下、銀が5 w t%以下である
ことが好ましい。
Further, the content of these alloying elements in the aluminum alloy layer is preferably 8 wt% or less for copper, 1 wt% or less for iron, 1 wt% or less for nickel, and 5 wt% or less for silver. .

導体のまわりにアルミ合金層を設ける方法としては、請
求項3の製造方法のようにして、導体のまわりにアルミ
合金のパイプを嵌合してこれを伸線する方法を採用する
ことができる。
As a method of providing an aluminum alloy layer around the conductor, a method of fitting an aluminum alloy pipe around the conductor and drawing it as in the manufacturing method of claim 3 can be adopted.

このようにして伸線された線材は外周にアルミ合金層を
有しており、この線材を酸素を含む雰囲気中で熱処理す
ることにより、酸化アルミを含む酸化物層3を、アルミ
合金層2の表面に設ける。
The wire drawn in this way has an aluminum alloy layer on the outer periphery, and by heat-treating this wire in an atmosphere containing oxygen, the oxide layer 3 containing aluminum oxide is removed from the aluminum alloy layer 2. Provided on the surface.

熱処理の雰囲気中の酸素分圧は、少なくとも処理温度に
よって決定され、アルミ合金層中のアルミの平衡酸素分
圧より大きくなければならない。また、アルミ合金層中
の合金元素の平衡酸素分圧より小さいことが望ましい。
The oxygen partial pressure in the heat treatment atmosphere is determined by at least the treatment temperature, and must be greater than the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure of aluminum in the aluminum alloy layer. Further, it is desirable that the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure is lower than the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure of the alloying element in the aluminum alloy layer.

熱処理の温度としては、アルミニウムの融点未満であり
、アルミニウムの融点の90%以上が好ましい。
The temperature of the heat treatment is preferably lower than the melting point of aluminum and 90% or more of the melting point of aluminum.

酸化物層3のまわりには、無機絶縁層4が設けられてい
る。この発明において、無機絶縁層4を構成する無機絶
縁材料は、特に限定されないが、酸化アルミまたは酸化
硅素等が、酸化アルミを含む酸化物層との密着性を考慮
すれば好ましい。無機絶縁材料の形成方法は、特に限定
されるものではない。たとえば、CVD法などのような
気相法や、あるいはゾルゲル法などの液相法により形成
することができる。
An inorganic insulating layer 4 is provided around the oxide layer 3. In the present invention, the inorganic insulating material constituting the inorganic insulating layer 4 is not particularly limited, but aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, or the like is preferable in consideration of adhesion with an oxide layer containing aluminum oxide. The method of forming the inorganic insulating material is not particularly limited. For example, it can be formed by a gas phase method such as a CVD method, or a liquid phase method such as a sol-gel method.

[実施例] 実施例1 直径6.0mmの無酸素銅と、内径7. 0mm厚み2
.0mmのアルミ合金パイプ(4重量%CU)を嵌合し
、直径1.0mmまで伸線した。この線材を、分圧1.
QTorrの酸素を含む570℃の雰囲気中で熱処理し
た。この熱処理により、表面には酸化アルミを含む酸化
物層が形成された。
[Example] Example 1 Oxygen-free copper with a diameter of 6.0 mm and an inner diameter of 7.0 mm. 0mm thickness 2
.. A 0 mm aluminum alloy pipe (4% by weight CU) was fitted, and the wire was drawn to a diameter of 1.0 mm. This wire is heated to a partial pressure of 1.
Heat treatment was performed in an atmosphere of 570° C. containing oxygen at QTorr. As a result of this heat treatment, an oxide layer containing aluminum oxide was formed on the surface.

この酸化物層の厚みは、約100μmであった。The thickness of this oxide layer was approximately 100 μm.

酸化物層を形成した線材の表面の上に、ゾルゲル法によ
り、コーティングして、酸化アルミからなる無機絶縁層
を5μmを形成し、無機絶縁電線を得た。
The surface of the wire on which the oxide layer was formed was coated by a sol-gel method to form an inorganic insulating layer made of aluminum oxide with a thickness of 5 μm to obtain an inorganic insulated wire.

得られた無機絶縁電線について、JIS  C3003
−11に準拠して、絶縁破壊電圧を測定した結果、この
無機絶縁電線は800Vの値を示した。
Regarding the obtained inorganic insulated wire, JIS C3003
The dielectric breakdown voltage of this inorganic insulated wire was found to be 800 V as a result of measuring the dielectric breakdown voltage in accordance with the Standard -11.

また、この絶縁電線を折曲げ、可撓性を評価したところ
、曲げ半径lQmmまで、無機絶縁層の剥離は認められ
ず、また曲げ半径2mmまで絶縁破壊電圧は500V以
上の値を示した。
Further, when this insulated wire was bent and its flexibility was evaluated, no peeling of the inorganic insulating layer was observed up to a bending radius of 1Q mm, and the dielectric breakdown voltage showed a value of 500 V or more up to a bending radius of 2 mm.

実施例2 直径5.Qmmの無酸素銅の線材と、内径7゜Omm、
厚み2.Qmmのアルミ合金パイプ(0゜5重量%Fe
)を嵌合し、直径1.Ommまで伸線した。この線材を
、分圧1.0Torrの酸素を含む600℃の雰囲気中
で熱処理し、表面のアルミ合金層を酸化して、酸化アル
ミを含む酸化物層を形成した。酸化物層の厚みは、約1
00μmであった。
Example 2 Diameter 5. Qmm oxygen-free copper wire and inner diameter 7゜Omm,
Thickness 2. Qmm aluminum alloy pipe (0゜5wt%Fe
) and make the diameter 1. The wire was drawn to 0mm. This wire was heat-treated in an atmosphere of 600° C. containing oxygen at a partial pressure of 1.0 Torr to oxidize the aluminum alloy layer on the surface to form an oxide layer containing aluminum oxide. The thickness of the oxide layer is approximately 1
It was 00 μm.

酸化物層を形成した線材の表面に、プラズマCVD法に
より、酸化硅素をコーティングし、厚み5μmの無機絶
縁層を形成し、無機絶縁電線を得た。
The surface of the wire on which the oxide layer was formed was coated with silicon oxide by plasma CVD to form an inorganic insulating layer with a thickness of 5 μm, thereby obtaining an inorganic insulated wire.

得られた無機絶縁電線について、JIS  C3003
−11に準拠して、絶縁破壊電圧を測定した。その結果
、この無機絶縁電線は、900vの値を示した。
Regarding the obtained inorganic insulated wire, JIS C3003
-11, the dielectric breakdown voltage was measured. As a result, this inorganic insulated wire showed a value of 900v.

また、この無機絶縁電線を曲げて、可撓性を評価した。Further, this inorganic insulated wire was bent to evaluate its flexibility.

曲げ半径15mmまで表面の剥離は認められず、曲げ半
径5mmまで、絶縁破壊電圧は500V以上の値を示し
た。
No surface peeling was observed up to a bending radius of 15 mm, and the dielectric breakdown voltage showed a value of 500 V or more up to a bending radius of 5 mm.

比較例 直径1mmの無酸素銅からなる線材に、プラズマCVD
法により、酸化硅素を厚み5μmとなるようにコーティ
ングした。得られた線材は、銅線と酸化硅素膜との密着
性が非常に悪く、無機絶縁層である酸化硅素膜はすぐに
剥離してしまった。
Comparative Example A wire made of oxygen-free copper with a diameter of 1 mm was subjected to plasma CVD.
Silicon oxide was coated to a thickness of 5 μm using a method. In the obtained wire, the adhesion between the copper wire and the silicon oxide film was very poor, and the silicon oxide film, which was an inorganic insulating layer, peeled off immediately.

以上の結果から明らかなように、この発明に従う実施例
1および実施例2の無機絶縁電線は、絶縁性、耐熱性お
よび可撓性等において優れた無機絶縁電線であり、高真
空機器や高温使用機器などにおいて、配線用や巻線用電
線として有効に用いることができるものである。
As is clear from the above results, the inorganic insulated wires of Examples 1 and 2 according to the present invention are inorganic insulated wires with excellent insulation properties, heat resistance, flexibility, etc., and are suitable for use in high vacuum equipment and high temperature applications. It can be effectively used as a wire for wiring or winding in equipment.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は、この発明の一実施例を示す断面図である。 図において、1は導体、2はアルミ合金層、3は酸化物
層、4は無機絶縁層を示す。 第1図
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a conductor, 2 is an aluminum alloy layer, 3 is an oxide layer, and 4 is an inorganic insulating layer. Figure 1

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)銅からなる導体と、 前記導体のまわりに設けられ、銅、鉄、ニッケルおよび
銀からなるグループより選ばれた少なくとも1種の合金
元素を含んだアルミ合金層と、酸素を含む雰囲気中で前
記アルミ合金層の表面を熱処理することにより形成され
る酸化アルミを含む酸化物層と、 前記酸化物層のまわりに設けられる無機絶縁層とを備え
る、無機絶縁電線。
(1) A conductor made of copper, an aluminum alloy layer provided around the conductor and containing at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, nickel, and silver, and an atmosphere containing oxygen. An inorganic insulated wire, comprising: an oxide layer containing aluminum oxide formed by heat-treating the surface of the aluminum alloy layer; and an inorganic insulating layer provided around the oxide layer.
(2)前記導体が無酸素銅からなる請求項1記載の無機
絶縁電線。
(2) The inorganic insulated wire according to claim 1, wherein the conductor is made of oxygen-free copper.
(3)銅、鉄、ニッケルおよび銀からなるグループより
選ばれた少なくとも1種の合金元素を含んだアルミ合金
からなるパイプと、銅からなる線状の導体を嵌合し、伸
線して、外周にアルミ合金層を有した線材とし、 酸素を含む雰囲気中で前記線材を熱処理することによっ
て、前記アルミ合金層の表面に酸化アルミを含む酸化物
層を形成し、 前記酸化物層のまわりに無機絶縁層を形成する各ステッ
プを備える、無機絶縁電線の製造方法。
(3) A pipe made of an aluminum alloy containing at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, nickel, and silver is fitted with a wire conductor made of copper, and the wire is drawn. A wire rod having an aluminum alloy layer on its outer periphery is heat-treated in an atmosphere containing oxygen to form an oxide layer containing aluminum oxide on the surface of the aluminum alloy layer, and around the oxide layer. A method for manufacturing an inorganic insulated wire, comprising steps of forming an inorganic insulating layer.
(4)前記熱処理の雰囲気が、分圧制御された酸素と、
前記アルミ合金層中の構成元素に対して化学的に不活性
なガスとを混合して構成されている、請求項3記載の無
機絶縁電線の製造方法。
(4) The heat treatment atmosphere includes oxygen whose partial pressure is controlled;
4. The method of manufacturing an inorganic insulated wire according to claim 3, wherein the aluminum alloy layer is mixed with a gas that is chemically inert to the constituent elements of the aluminum alloy layer.
JP12378389A 1989-05-16 1989-05-16 Inorganic insulated cable and its manufacture Pending JPH02301909A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12378389A JPH02301909A (en) 1989-05-16 1989-05-16 Inorganic insulated cable and its manufacture

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP12378389A JPH02301909A (en) 1989-05-16 1989-05-16 Inorganic insulated cable and its manufacture

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH02301909A true JPH02301909A (en) 1990-12-14

Family

ID=14869185

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP12378389A Pending JPH02301909A (en) 1989-05-16 1989-05-16 Inorganic insulated cable and its manufacture

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH02301909A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0494424A1 (en) * 1991-01-10 1992-07-15 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited Inorganic insulating member
US5436409A (en) * 1991-01-10 1995-07-25 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Electrical conductor member such as a wire with an inorganic insulating coating
EP1318206A1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-11 Wieland-Werke AG Use of a copper-aluminium alloy with defined coatings as bearings material for the fabrication of wear resistant sliding bearings
CN105934803A (en) * 2016-04-29 2016-09-07 深圳顺络电子股份有限公司 Compound wire and preparation method thereof and method for preparing power inductance
CN111883289A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-11-03 华为技术有限公司 Insulated wire, method for manufacturing same, and coil or winding

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0494424A1 (en) * 1991-01-10 1992-07-15 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited Inorganic insulating member
US5436409A (en) * 1991-01-10 1995-07-25 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Electrical conductor member such as a wire with an inorganic insulating coating
EP1318206A1 (en) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-11 Wieland-Werke AG Use of a copper-aluminium alloy with defined coatings as bearings material for the fabrication of wear resistant sliding bearings
CN105934803A (en) * 2016-04-29 2016-09-07 深圳顺络电子股份有限公司 Compound wire and preparation method thereof and method for preparing power inductance
CN105934803B (en) * 2016-04-29 2018-02-02 深圳顺络电子股份有限公司 Compound wire and preparation method thereof and a kind of preparation method of power inductance
US10867748B2 (en) 2016-04-29 2020-12-15 Shenzhen Sunlord Electronics Co., Ltd. Method for preparing a composite wire and a power inductor
CN111883289A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-11-03 华为技术有限公司 Insulated wire, method for manufacturing same, and coil or winding

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