JPH0229617B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0229617B2
JPH0229617B2 JP57073794A JP7379482A JPH0229617B2 JP H0229617 B2 JPH0229617 B2 JP H0229617B2 JP 57073794 A JP57073794 A JP 57073794A JP 7379482 A JP7379482 A JP 7379482A JP H0229617 B2 JPH0229617 B2 JP H0229617B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
setting
quick
clinker
slaked lime
present
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP57073794A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS58190849A (en
Inventor
Joji Kojima
Junji Nishi
Isao Furuhashi
Yoshio Ikegami
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nihon Cement Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nihon Cement Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nihon Cement Co Ltd filed Critical Nihon Cement Co Ltd
Priority to JP7379482A priority Critical patent/JPS58190849A/en
Publication of JPS58190849A publication Critical patent/JPS58190849A/en
Publication of JPH0229617B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0229617B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06Aluminous cements
    • C04B28/065Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は吹付コンクリート工法に用いられる吹
付コンクリート用急結性材料に関するものであ
る。 〔従来の技術〕 一般にトンネル工事や法面、構造物の築造、及
びその修理には吹付コンクリート工法が採用され
ている。 この工法には、水とポルトランドセメント、骨
材等とを予め混合して吹付装置に供給し、圧送ホ
ースを通してノズルから吹付ける湿式工法、ポル
トランドセメントと骨材の混合物を圧送ホース中
で水と混合し吹付けるセミ湿式工法、あるいは圧
送されてくる前記混合物をノズル先端で水と混合
する乾式工法が知られている。 なお、これらの工法では添加剤として急結材が
工法に応じて材料の輸送中適宜添加されている。 上記従来工法の原料には、ポルトランドセメン
トとして普通ポルトランドセメントが、また急結
剤としては炭酸ナトリウム、アルミン酸ナトリウ
ム等を主成分とするものが用いられ、ポルトラン
ドセメントに対して3〜5重量%添加されてい
る。 [発明が解決しようとする課題] しかし、従来法では急結剤のポルトランドセメ
ントに対する最適添加量の範囲が狭く、かつ使用
量も少ないうえに、急結剤とポルトランドセメン
ト、骨材等との混練時間が短時間であるため、混
合不良となり、急結性がバラツキ、はね返り量も
多くなり、また吹付後のセメント硬化体の強度発
現が悪くなる欠点を有していた。 また、急結性吹付コンクリートを得るには急結
剤は必要不可欠であるが、この急結剤をポルトラ
ンドセメントに予め混合しておくと、その強い吸
湿性のため周辺のポルトランドセメントと共に水
和がある程度進行し、急結性並びに長期強度も低
下するため、ポルトランドセメントと急結材を予
め混合しておく方法は採用できなかつた。 〔課題を解決するための手段〕 そこで、本発明者らは前記欠点を除去するため
ポルトランドセメントに替えて、それ自体に急結
性と長期強度を具備する新規な材料を提供するこ
とを目的として鋭意研究した結果、カルシウムサ
ルフオアルミネートクリンカーの粉砕品、半水石
こう及び消石灰の特定量を組み合わせた新規材料
は、ポルトランドセメントを使用せず、前記欠点
のない急結性材料として使用できるとの知見を得
て本発明を完成するにいたつた。 すなわち、本発明の要旨は、カルシウムサルフ
オアルミネートのクリンカーの粉砕品30〜89.5重
量%、半水石こう10〜50重量%および消石灰0.5
〜20重量%の混合物を主成分とする吹付コンクリ
ート用急結性材料である。 以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。 本発明に使用されるカルシウムサルフオアルミ
ネート(3CaO・3Al2O3・CaSO4、以下C3A3C
S・と略称する)のクリンカーの粉砕品はC3A3C
Sが少なくとも20重量%(以下重量表示は省略す
る)以上含まれることが望ましい。 C3A3Cのクリンカーは石灰石などの石灰質原
料、ボーキサイトなどのアルミナ質原料および石
こうを、得られるクリンカーの中のC3A3Cが20
%以上生成するように適宜に配合して粉砕した原
料組成物、あるいは前記各原料を個別に粉砕した
のち所定の割合で混合した原料組成物を1200〜
1300℃で慣用の設備、たとえばロータリーキルン
で焼成すれば得られる。 本発明の急結性材料は、施工のさい骨材を配合
し、いわゆるコンクリートとして用いるため、
C3A3Cのクリンカー中に長期強度発現作用を有
すると2CaO・SlO2(以下C2Sと略称する)が10%
以上含まれていることが好ましいが、あまり強度
を必要としない法面などへの吹付などの場合に
は、その含有量についてそれほどこだわらなくて
もよい。 前記原料組成物から任意量のC2Sを含有する
C3A3Cクリンカーが得られないときは、けい石
等のけい酸質原料を適宜に配合すればよい。 このようにして得られたクリンカーには、
C3A3CとC2Sの他にCaSO4と4CaO・Al2O3
Fe2O3(以下C4AFと略称する)などが副生する
が、これら副生鉱物は本発明の急結性材料の性能
に実質的な影響を与えない。 また、以上のようにして得られたクリンカー中
のC3A3Cの含有量は経験的に70%が最大であつ
た。 本発明に使用される半水石こう及び消石灰は慣
用のものが用いられる。 以上説明した本発明の急結性材料はC3A3Cの
クリンカー、半水石こうおよび消石灰を混合粉砕
するか、あるいはそれぞれを慣用の粉砕手段で粉
砕したのち混合すれば得られる。 C3A3Cのクリンカーの粉砕品、半水石こう、
消石灰の配合割合はそれぞれ30〜89.5%、10〜50
%、0.5〜20%(全て内割%)である。消石灰の
配合割合が0.5%未満になると急結性が、また20
%越えると急結性が悪くなるばかりでなく強度も
低下する。 半水石こうは、C3A3Cクリンカー中に存在す
る無水石こう量とは無関係に10〜15%配合する。
その半水石こうが10%未満の場合、急結性が悪く
なり、50%を越えると硬化体が膨張し、強度低下
を起すので好ましくない。 本発明の急結性材料に含まれるC3A3Cの量は
18%以上であることが望ましい。 C3A3C、半水石こう及び消石灰の比率は、半
水石こう/C3A3C(モル比)が6.6以下、かつ
消石灰/半水石こう(モル比)が0.9以下である。 本発明において急結性とは、ASTMC403、−
65T「プロクター貫入抵抗法」によつて測定され
た凝結時間が短い場合をいう。 以上のように本発明の急結性材料は、C3A3C
S、半水石こう、消石灰が前記数値範囲にあつ
て、安定した急結性を呈し、そのいずれが欠けて
も所期の目的は達成できず、これらが水に接した
とき、半水石こう及び消石灰はすみやかに溶解す
る一方、C3A3Cは急速に加水分解し、その生成
物と直ちに水和反応をするため、急結するものと
推測される。その機構は詳細ではないが、たとえ
ば消石灰を欠いた場合、凝結が著しく遅延する現
象(後述する表4)から見て、半水石こう、消石
灰は共存していることが肝要である。 次に、本発明の急結性材料を用いた吹付コンク
リートの施工方法を説明する。 急結性材料を撹拌機で所定の砂、砂利と混合
し、圧搾空気によつて吹付用ホースでノズルへ向
けて給送し、加圧された水とノズル付近で混合さ
れながら、吹付面へ高速で吹き付け、施工する。 前述したように、急結性材料はそれ自体が急結
性を具備しているので、従来のように施工現場で
ポルトランドセメントと骨材の混合物に急結剤を
添加混合する工程を必要としないのでそれだけ管
理が簡単になり、かつ急結剤の混合不良もなく、
常に均一で良好な急結性を示す。しかも、C2S含
有量が多いものを用いれば、長期強度を高くする
こともできる特徴を有している。 〔実施例〕 つぎに本発明を実施例で示す。 表1に示す組成を有する原料を、表2に示す配
合割合に混合し粉砕した。得られた原料組成物を
テストキルンで1200〜1300℃焼成し2種類のクリ
ンカーを得た。 各クリンカーの化学分析値及び鉱物組成を求
め、その結果を表3に示した。 ついで表3のクリンカー、市販の半水石こうお
よび消石灰を表4に示す割合で混合し、ボールミ
ルにてブレーン比表面積4200〜4500cm2/gに粉砕
して、それぞれの急結性材料を製造した。 一方、比較例として、市販の急結剤を普通ポル
トランドセメントに対して4%配合した従来法の
急結性材料(吹付材)をつくつた。 次に、これらの急結性材料・砂比1:4、水・
急結性材料比55%になるように混練してそれぞれ
のモルタルを調整し、プロクター貫入抵抗法
(ASTMC403−65T)の手順に従つて凝結時間を
測定し、得た結果を表4に示した。 なお、混練及び成形は次にようにして行なつ
た。すなわち、F.M.=2.5の天然砂と急結性材料
をモルタルミキサーで30秒間空練りした後、水を
加えて10秒間練り混ぜこれをすばやく型枠に詰め
て成形した。測定環境は20℃、RH=80%であつ
た。
[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a quick-setting material for shotcrete used in a shotcrete construction method. [Prior Art] Generally, the shotcrete method is used for tunnel construction, slope construction, construction of structures, and repair thereof. This method involves a wet method in which water, portland cement, aggregate, etc. are mixed in advance and supplied to a spraying device, and the mixture is sprayed from a nozzle through a pressure hose, and a mixture of portland cement and aggregate is mixed with water in a pressure hose. A semi-wet construction method in which water is sprayed, or a dry construction method in which the mixture is pumped and mixed with water at the tip of a nozzle are known. In addition, in these construction methods, a quick-setting agent is added as an additive as appropriate during transportation of the material depending on the construction method. The raw materials for the conventional method described above are ordinary Portland cement, and the quick-setting agent is mainly composed of sodium carbonate, sodium aluminate, etc., and is added in an amount of 3 to 5% by weight based on the Portland cement. has been done. [Problems to be solved by the invention] However, in the conventional method, the range of the optimum amount of quick-setting agent to be added to Portland cement is narrow, the amount used is also small, and it is difficult to mix the quick-setting agent with Portland cement, aggregate, etc. Since the time is short, it has disadvantages such as poor mixing, uneven rapid setting, and a large amount of rebound, and poor strength development of the hardened cement after spraying. In addition, a quick-setting agent is essential to obtain quick-setting shotcrete, but if this quick-setting agent is mixed with Portland cement in advance, its strong hygroscopicity prevents hydration along with the surrounding Portland cement. As the hardening progresses to a certain extent, the rapid setting property and long-term strength decrease, so it was not possible to adopt a method of pre-mixing Portland cement and a rapid setting agent. [Means for Solving the Problems] Therefore, in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present inventors aimed to provide a new material that itself has rapid setting properties and long-term strength in place of Portland cement. As a result of intensive research, it was determined that a new material that combines a crushed calcium sulfo aluminate clinker, hemihydrate gypsum, and specific amounts of slaked lime can be used as a rapid-setting material without the above-mentioned drawbacks without using Portland cement. After obtaining this knowledge, we were able to complete the present invention. That is, the gist of the present invention is that 30-89.5% by weight of crushed clinker of calcium sulfo aluminate, 10-50% by weight of hemihydrate gypsum and 0.5% by weight of slaked lime.
It is a quick-setting material for shotcrete containing ~20% by weight of the mixture as the main component. The present invention will be explained in detail below. Calcium sulfoaluminate (3CaO・3Al 2 O 3・CaSO 4 , hereinafter referred to as C 3 A 3 C) used in the present invention
The crushed clinker product (abbreviated as S) is C 3 A 3 C
It is desirable that S be contained in an amount of at least 20% by weight (weight indication will be omitted hereinafter). C 3 A 3 C clinker is made from calcareous raw materials such as limestone, alumina raw materials such as bauxite, and gypsum, and C 3 A 3 C in the obtained clinker is 20
A raw material composition that has been appropriately blended and pulverized so as to produce 1,200 to
It can be obtained by firing at 1300°C in conventional equipment, such as a rotary kiln. Since the quick-setting material of the present invention is mixed with aggregate during construction and used as so-called concrete,
In the clinker of C 3 A 3 C, 2CaO・SlO 2 (hereinafter abbreviated as C 2 S) has a long-term strength development effect of 10%.
It is preferable that the above amount is contained, but in the case of spraying onto a slope surface etc. which does not require much strength, it is not necessary to be so particular about the content. Contains an arbitrary amount of C 2 S from the raw material composition
When C 3 A 3 C clinker cannot be obtained, a silicic acid raw material such as silica stone may be appropriately blended. The clinker obtained in this way has
In addition to C 3 A 3 C and C 2 S, CaSO 4 and 4CaO・Al 2 O 3
Although Fe 2 O 3 (hereinafter abbreviated as C 4 AF) and the like are produced as by-products, these by-product minerals do not substantially affect the performance of the quick-setting material of the present invention. Additionally, the maximum content of C 3 A 3 C in the clinker obtained as described above was empirically determined to be 70%. Conventional hemihydrate gypsum and slaked lime are used in the present invention. The rapid setting material of the present invention described above can be obtained by mixing and pulverizing C 3 A 3 C clinker, hemihydrate gypsum and slaked lime, or by pulverizing each of them by a conventional pulverizing means and then mixing them. C 3 A 3 C clinker crushed products, hemihydrate gypsum,
The blending ratio of slaked lime is 30-89.5% and 10-50%, respectively.
%, 0.5 to 20% (all percentages are internal). If the blending ratio of slaked lime is less than 0.5%, rapid setting will occur, and 20
If it exceeds %, not only the rapid setting property will deteriorate but also the strength will decrease. Gypsum hemihydrate is incorporated at 10-15%, independent of the amount of anhydrous gypsum present in the C3A3C clinker.
If the hemihydrate gypsum content is less than 10%, rapid setting will be poor, and if it exceeds 50%, the cured product will expand and its strength will decrease, which is not preferable. The amount of C 3 A 3 C contained in the quick-setting material of the present invention is
It is desirable that it be 18% or more. The ratio of C 3 A 3 C, hemihydrate gypsum and slaked lime is such that hemihydrate gypsum/C 3 A 3 C (molar ratio) is 6.6 or less, and slaked lime/hemihydrate gypsum (molar ratio) is 0.9 or less. In the present invention, rapid setting refers to ASTMC403, -
65T refers to cases where the setting time measured by the "Proctor penetration resistance method" is short. As described above, the rapid setting material of the present invention has C 3 A 3 C
When S, hemihydrate gypsum, and slaked lime are within the above numerical range, they exhibit stable rapid setting, and if any of them is missing, the desired purpose cannot be achieved, and when these come into contact with water, hemihydrate gypsum and slaked lime While slaked lime dissolves quickly, C 3 A 3 C rapidly hydrolyzes and immediately undergoes a hydration reaction with its products, which is presumed to cause rapid setting. Although the mechanism is not detailed, it is important that hemihydrate gypsum and slaked lime coexist, considering the phenomenon that, for example, in the absence of slaked lime, setting is significantly delayed (Table 4 to be described later). Next, a method for constructing shotcrete using the quick-setting material of the present invention will be explained. The quick-setting material is mixed with the specified sand and gravel using an agitator, and is fed to the nozzle using a spraying hose using compressed air.The material is mixed with pressurized water near the nozzle and then delivered to the spraying surface. Spray and install at high speed. As mentioned above, quick-setting materials themselves have quick-setting properties, so there is no need for the conventional process of adding a quick-setting agent to the mixture of Portland cement and aggregate at the construction site. This makes management easier, and there is no mismixing of the quick-setting agent.
Always exhibits uniform and good rapid setting. Furthermore, if a material with a high C 2 S content is used, the long-term strength can be increased. [Example] Next, the present invention will be illustrated by examples. Raw materials having the compositions shown in Table 1 were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 2 and pulverized. The obtained raw material compositions were fired in a test kiln at 1200 to 1300°C to obtain two types of clinkers. The chemical analysis values and mineral composition of each clinker were determined, and the results are shown in Table 3. Next, the clinker shown in Table 3, commercially available gypsum hemihydrate, and slaked lime were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 4, and ground to a Blaine specific surface area of 4200 to 4500 cm 2 /g in a ball mill to produce each quick-setting material. On the other hand, as a comparative example, a conventional quick-setting material (spraying material) was prepared by adding 4% of a commercially available quick-setting agent to ordinary Portland cement. Next, these quick-setting materials/sand ratio 1:4, water/
Each mortar was prepared by kneading so that the rapid setting material ratio was 55%, and the setting time was measured according to the procedure of the Proctor penetration resistance method (ASTMC403-65T).The obtained results are shown in Table 4. . The kneading and molding were carried out as follows. That is, natural sand with FM = 2.5 and a quick-setting material were dry-kneaded for 30 seconds in a mortar mixer, then water was added and mixed for 10 seconds, and the mixture was quickly packed into a mold and molded. The measurement environment was 20°C and RH = 80%.

【表】【table】

【表】【table】

【表】【table】

【表】 表4から明らかなように、本発明のC3A3Cの
クリンカーを用いた場合であつても、消石灰を配
合しなかつたものは凝結時間、特に終結が長かつ
た。 また、実施例に示した本発明の急結性材料は市
販の急結材と普通ポルトランドセメントを混合し
た従来の急結性材料に比し、凝結時間が短いこと
が認められた。 次に実際の施工例について説明する。 実施例4および比較例6(従来法)の急結性材
料を用い、表5に示す配合コンクリートにて乾式
吹付コンクリート工法によりトンネルの吹付施工
を行なつた。 急結性能を評価する一方法として、吹付後の吹
付コンクリートのはね返り率を測定した。 また施工面より6に示す材令毎に供試体をとり
圧縮強度を測定し、それらの結果を同表に併記し
た。
[Table] As is clear from Table 4, even when the C 3 A 3 C clinker of the present invention was used, the setting time, especially the completion time, was longer when slaked lime was not added. Furthermore, it was found that the quick-setting material of the present invention shown in the Examples had a shorter setting time than the conventional quick-setting material prepared by mixing a commercially available quick-setting material with ordinary Portland cement. Next, an actual construction example will be explained. Using the rapid setting materials of Example 4 and Comparative Example 6 (conventional method), tunnels were sprayed using the dry shotcrete method using concrete mixes shown in Table 5. As a method to evaluate rapid setting performance, the rebound rate of shotcrete after spraying was measured. In addition, from the construction side, specimens were taken for each material age shown in 6 and the compressive strength was measured, and the results are also listed in the same table.

【表】【table】

【表】 以上の結果より本発明の急結性材料を使用した
吹付コンクリートは、はね返り率が低くまた短期
長期とも強度が高いことが認められた。
[Table] From the above results, it was confirmed that the shotcrete using the quick-setting material of the present invention had a low rebound rate and high strength both in the short and long term.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 カルシウムサルフオアルミネートのクリンカ
ーの粉砕品30〜89.5重量%、半水石こう10〜50重
量%及び消石灰0.5〜20重量%を主成分とする吹
付コンクリート用急結性材料。
1. Rapid setting material for shotcrete, the main components of which are 30 to 89.5% by weight of pulverized calcium sulfoaluminate clinker, 10 to 50% by weight of hemihydrate gypsum, and 0.5 to 20% by weight of slaked lime.
JP7379482A 1982-04-30 1982-04-30 Spraying material Granted JPS58190849A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7379482A JPS58190849A (en) 1982-04-30 1982-04-30 Spraying material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7379482A JPS58190849A (en) 1982-04-30 1982-04-30 Spraying material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS58190849A JPS58190849A (en) 1983-11-07
JPH0229617B2 true JPH0229617B2 (en) 1990-07-02

Family

ID=13528441

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP7379482A Granted JPS58190849A (en) 1982-04-30 1982-04-30 Spraying material

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS58190849A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0516993Y2 (en) * 1989-05-02 1993-05-07

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EP1095922B2 (en) 1999-10-29 2014-01-08 Sika Schweiz AG Low viscosity, stabilised set and hardening accelerators
FR2807424B1 (en) * 2000-04-05 2002-12-13 Energetic Ind Internat HYDRAULIC BINDER RESULTING FROM THE MIXTURE OF A SULFATIC BINDER AND A BINDER CONTAINING THE MINERALOGIC COMPOUND C4A3S
JP5982207B2 (en) * 2012-07-19 2016-08-31 株式会社竹中工務店 Hydraulic composition, method for producing hydraulic material cured body, and hydraulic material cured body

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JPS4942715A (en) * 1973-05-30 1974-04-22

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4942715A (en) * 1973-05-30 1974-04-22

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0516993Y2 (en) * 1989-05-02 1993-05-07

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