JPH0227109B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0227109B2 JPH0227109B2 JP58010895A JP1089583A JPH0227109B2 JP H0227109 B2 JPH0227109 B2 JP H0227109B2 JP 58010895 A JP58010895 A JP 58010895A JP 1089583 A JP1089583 A JP 1089583A JP H0227109 B2 JPH0227109 B2 JP H0227109B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- component force
- force
- feed
- tool
- cutting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は工具異常検出装置、特に切削中の工
具の刃先の欠損や摩耗等の発生を実時間で検出す
る装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a tool abnormality detection device, and more particularly to a device for detecting, in real time, the occurrence of breakage, wear, etc. on the cutting edge of a tool during cutting.
従来、この種の工具異常検出装置としては、例
えば第１図に示すようなものがあつた。同図に示
す装置２０は、数値制御工作機械（NC工作機
械）１０を監視対象とするものであつて、一定周
期で信号を記憶するパターン記憶部１２、現在の
信号値とこれに対応した記憶値とを比較する判定
部１４、学習と判定の選択を外部からの指示で制
御する全体制御部１６、異常信号Ｗを工作機側へ
出力する出力部１８などによつて構成されてい
る。数値制御工作機械（NC工作機械）１０から
の検出指令Ｍは上記全体制御部１６へ送られ、工
作機の主軸モータの電力値Ｐあるいは送り軸のサ
ーボモータ電流値が上記記憶部１２および上記判
定部１４へ送られる。 Conventionally, as this type of tool abnormality detection device, there has been one shown in FIG. 1, for example. The device 20 shown in the figure is a device that monitors a numerically controlled machine tool (NC machine tool) 10, and includes a pattern storage section 12 that stores signals at regular intervals, and a memory that stores current signal values and their corresponding values. It is composed of a determination section 14 that compares the values with the values, an overall control section 16 that controls selection between learning and determination based on instructions from the outside, and an output section 18 that outputs an abnormality signal W to the machine tool side. The detection command M from the numerically controlled machine tool (NC machine tool) 10 is sent to the overall control section 16, and the power value P of the main spindle motor of the machine tool or the servo motor current value of the feed axis is stored in the storage section 12 and the above judgment. The information is sent to Department 14.
上述した装置では、先ず、検出に先立つて正常
値を記憶する。すなわち、上記検出指令Ｍが出力
されている間の主軸モータ電力値Ｐを一定周期毎
にパターン記憶部１２へ書込む。この書込みは加
工シーケンスの全期間について行なう。このよう
な正常値の学習が完了した後、作業者が検出状態
に切換操作を行なうと、上記検出指令Ｍが出力さ
れている間、パターン記憶部１２のデータを学習
と同一周期で読出し、この読出値Ｐを上記判定部
１４によつて現在の値Ppと比較する。ここで第
２図に示すように、もしその差dPが設定値を越
えたならば工具異常と判定して、出力部１８から
異常信号が出力される。 In the above-mentioned device, first, a normal value is stored prior to detection. That is, the spindle motor power value P while the detection command M is being output is written into the pattern storage section 12 at regular intervals. This writing is performed for the entire period of the machining sequence. After the learning of normal values is completed, when the operator performs a switching operation to the detection state, while the detection command M is being output, the data in the pattern storage section 12 is read out at the same cycle as the learning, and this The read value P is compared with the current value Pp by the determination section 14. Here, as shown in FIG. 2, if the difference dP exceeds the set value, it is determined that the tool is abnormal, and an abnormality signal is output from the output section 18.
ところが、上述した装置では、NCプログラム
毎に正常切削時のモータ負荷パターンを全期間に
わたつて記憶させなければならなず、このため最
初に行なう正常値の学習に非常に手間がかかり、
多種少量生産には適さないという欠点があつた。
また、荒加工時には、素材外形のバラツキによつ
てモータ負荷が変動するため、大きな欠損しか検
出できなくなるという欠点もあつた。 However, with the above-mentioned device, the motor load pattern during normal cutting must be memorized for the entire period for each NC program, which requires a great deal of time and effort to learn the normal values initially.
The drawback was that it was not suitable for high-mix, low-volume production.
Additionally, during rough machining, the motor load fluctuates due to variations in the outer shape of the material, so there was also the drawback that only large defects could be detected.
この発明は前述した従来の課題を鑑みてなされ
たもので、その目的とするところは、上記学習の
面倒を少なくし、例えばNCプログラムの変更あ
るいは素材外形のバラツキなどのように切削条件
が変化しても、工具異常を簡単かつ確実に検出で
きるようにした工具異常検出装置を提供すること
にある。 This invention was made in view of the conventional problems mentioned above, and its purpose is to reduce the trouble of learning as described above, and to prevent changes in cutting conditions such as changes in the NC program or variations in the outer shape of the material. An object of the present invention is to provide a tool abnormality detection device that can easily and reliably detect tool abnormalities.
上記の目的を達成するため、この発明は、正常
な工具についての切削時における主分力と送り分
力もしくは背分力の相互関係を予め記憶する記憶
手段と、実際の切削中における工具についての主
分力と送り分力もしくは背分力を求める分力演算
手段と、この分力演算手段によつて求められた分
力が上記記憶手段に記憶された関係にあてはめた
場合に得られる分力に対して設定量以上離れたか
否かにより異常を検出する判定手段と、を含み、
上記分力算出手段における主分力は主軸電動機主
軸を切削速度で除算して値に基づいて算出し、送
り分力もしくは背分力は送り軸のサーボモータ電
流に基づいて算出することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a storage means for storing in advance the mutual relationship between the principal component force and the feed component force or the thrust component force during cutting for a normal tool, and a storage means for storing in advance the mutual relationship between the principal component force and the feed component force or thrust component force during cutting for a normal tool, and A component force calculation means for calculating a principal component force and a feed component force or a backward component force, and a component force obtained when the component force determined by this component force calculation means is applied to the relationship stored in the storage means. determining means for detecting an abnormality based on whether the distance is more than a set amount from
In the component force calculation means, the principal component force is calculated based on a value obtained by dividing the main shaft of the main shaft motor by the cutting speed, and the feed component force or back component force is calculated based on the servo motor current of the feed shaft. do.
以下、この発明の好適な実施例を図面に基づい
て説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
先ず、第３図は、切削速度および送り速度が一
定の場合の主分力と送り分力の相互の関係を示
す。同図に示すように、工具に欠損や異常が生じ
ると、切削分力のうち送り分力と背分力が特に大
きく増加する。そこで、正常工具についての切削
条件と切削分力との相互の関係をあらかじめ求め
ておき、これを記憶させておく。工具監視中は、
現在の切削速度、送り速度、主分力から、あらか
じめ記憶された切削条件と切削分力の関係に基づ
いて、正常工具の送り分力もしくは背分力を推定
する。そして、この推定値と実測された送り分力
もしくは背分力とを比較し、その差が一定範囲以
上になつた場合に工具異常と判定する。 First, FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the principal component force and the feed component force when the cutting speed and feed rate are constant. As shown in the figure, when a breakage or abnormality occurs in the tool, the feed component force and back force of the cutting component force particularly increase significantly. Therefore, the mutual relationship between cutting conditions and cutting force for a normal tool is determined in advance and stored. During tool monitoring,
From the current cutting speed, feed rate, and principal force, the feed force or thrust force of a normal tool is estimated based on the relationship between the cutting conditions and the cutting force stored in advance. Then, this estimated value is compared with the actually measured feed component force or back force, and if the difference exceeds a certain range, it is determined that the tool is abnormal.
第４図はその判定を行なうための装置の一実施
例を示す。同図に示す装置２０は、数値制御工作
機械（NC工作機械）１０を監視対象とするもの
であつて、判定部１４、主分力演算部２８、送り
分力演算部３０、切削データ記憶部３２などを有
する。監視対象の数値制御工作機械（NC工作機
械）１０には主軸電動機の電力値Ｐを検出する変
換部が設けられている。この変換部からの電力値
Ｐは主分力演算部２８へ送られる。また、送り軸
の直流サーボモータに接続された変換部から送り
電流値Ｉが出力され、判定部１４および送り分力
演算部３０へ送られる。そして、判定部１４から
工具異常信号Ｗが出力されるようになつている。 FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a device for making this determination. The device 20 shown in the figure is for monitoring a numerically controlled machine tool (NC machine tool) 10, and includes a determination section 14, a principal force component calculation section 28, a feed component force calculation section 30, and a cutting data storage section. 32 etc. A numerically controlled machine tool (NC machine tool) 10 to be monitored is provided with a conversion unit that detects the power value P of the spindle motor. The power value P from this conversion section is sent to the principal force calculation section 28. Further, a feed current value I is outputted from a conversion section connected to the DC servo motor of the feed shaft, and sent to the determination section 14 and the feed component force calculation section 30. Then, the determination unit 14 outputs a tool abnormality signal W.
ここで、主分力Epと主軸電力値Ｐと切削速度
Ｖとの間には、
Ep＝k1・P/V＋k2
なる関係がある。ただし、k1、k2は定数である。 Here, there is a relationship between the principal force Ep, the spindle power value P, and the cutting speed V as follows: Ep=k1·P/V+k2. However, k1 and k2 are constants.
また、送り分力Efと送り軸サーボモータ電流
値Ｉとの間には、
Ef＝l1・Ｉ＋l2
なる関係がある。ただし、L1、L2は定数である。 Further, there is a relationship between the feed component force Ef and the feed axis servo motor current value I as Ef=l 1 ·I+l 2 . However, L 1 and L 2 are constants.
従つて、装置内部においては、主分力の代わり
に主軸電力Ｐを切削速度Ｖで除した値P/Vと、送
り分力の代わりに送り軸サーボモータ電流値Ｉを
監視すればよい。そして、監視すべき工具につい
ては、その使用範囲の異なる何点かの切削条件で
試験切削を行ない、このときのP/VとＩを、切削
データ記憶部３２へ切削速度と送り速度とに分け
て別々に書込む。この書込みは、第５図の破線の
ように外挿して行なう。 Therefore, inside the apparatus, it is sufficient to monitor the value P/V obtained by dividing the main shaft power P by the cutting speed V instead of the main component force, and the feed shaft servo motor current value I instead of the feed component force. Then, for the tool to be monitored, test cutting is performed under several cutting conditions with different usage ranges, and the P/V and I at this time are stored in the cutting data storage unit 32 and divided into cutting speed and feed rate. and write them separately. This writing is performed by extrapolation as indicated by the broken line in FIG.
監視を行なう場合は、先ず、主分力演算部２８
にて、主軸電力値Ppと切削速度VpからPp／Vp
を求める。次いで、この値Pp／Vpと現在の切削
速度Vp、送り速度ｆに対応する正常送り電流値
Ｉを、切削データ記憶部３２と送り分力演算部３
０にて求める。判定部１４は正常送り電流Ｉと現
在の送り電流Ipとを比較し、その差dIが設定値よ
りも大きな場合に工具異常信号Ｗを出力する。 When monitoring, first, the principal force calculation unit 28
From the spindle power value Pp and cutting speed Vp, Pp/Vp
seek. Next, the normal feed current value I corresponding to this value Pp/Vp, the current cutting speed Vp, and the feed rate f is stored in the cutting data storage section 32 and the feed component force calculation section 3.
Find at 0. The determination unit 14 compares the normal feed current I and the current feed current Ip, and outputs a tool abnormality signal W when the difference dI is larger than a set value.
ここで、工具を交換する場合は、数値制御工作
機械（NC工作機械）等から工具に対応する番号
信号Ｔを工具別に切削データ記憶部へ入力すれば
よい。被切削材質が変わる場合も、これと同様に
材質番号信号Ｃを入力すればよい。また、数値制
御工作機械（NC工作機械）１０に周速を一定に
する制御機能があつて工具毎の切削速度を一定に
する場合は、切削速度を入力しなくてもよい。ま
た、ある大きさ以上の異常を検出すればよい場合
は、送り速度ｆを入力しなくてもよい。 Here, when replacing a tool, it is sufficient to input a number signal T corresponding to the tool from a numerically controlled machine tool (NC machine tool) or the like to the cutting data storage section for each tool. Even when the material to be cut changes, the material number signal C can be input in the same way. Further, if the numerically controlled machine tool (NC machine tool) 10 has a control function to keep the circumferential speed constant and the cutting speed for each tool is kept constant, it is not necessary to input the cutting speed. Further, if it is sufficient to detect an abnormality of a certain size or more, it is not necessary to input the feed rate f.
なお、上記実施例では、主軸モータ電力と送り
軸サーボモータ電流を利用して異常検出を行なう
ようにしていたが、歪みゲージ等のように他の変
換手段を利用して主分力、送り分力などを求める
ようにしても、同様の効果を得ることができる。
また、監視対象は、NC旋盤に限られるものでは
なく、例えばボーリング加工、ドリル加工などに
おいても同様の効果を得ることができる。 In the above embodiment, the main shaft motor power and the feed shaft servo motor current were used to detect abnormalities, but other conversion means such as strain gauges were used to detect the main component force and the feed component. A similar effect can be obtained by seeking power, etc.
Furthermore, the monitoring target is not limited to NC lathes, and similar effects can be obtained in boring processing, drilling processing, etc., for example.
以上のように、この発明による工具異常検出装
置は、正常値を学習させる手間が少なく、例えば
NCプログラムの変更あるいは素材外形のバラツ
キなどのように切削条件が変化しても、工具異常
を簡単かつ確実に検出できる。 As described above, the tool abnormality detection device according to the present invention requires less effort to learn normal values, and, for example,
Tool abnormalities can be easily and reliably detected even if the cutting conditions change, such as due to changes in the NC program or variations in the outer shape of the material.
第１図は従来の工具異常検出装置の一例を示す
構成図、第２図はその動作原理を説明するための
グラフ図、第３図はこの発明の実施例の装置の動
作原理を説明するためのグラフ図、第４図はこの
発明による工具異常検出装置の一実施例を示す構
成図、第５図は第４図の装置における異常検出方
法を示すグラフ図である。
各図中同一部材には同一符号を付し、１０は数
値制御工作機械（NC工作機械）、１４は判定部、
２８は主分力演算部、３０は送り分力演算部、３
２は切削データ記憶部、Ｃは被切削材質番号指示
信号、Ｉ，Ipはサーボモータ電流値、Ｍは検出指
令、Ｐ，Ppは主軸モータ電力値、Ｔは工具番号
信号、Ｖは切削速度、ｆは送り速度である。
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a conventional tool abnormality detection device, FIG. 2 is a graph diagram for explaining its operating principle, and FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operating principle of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the tool abnormality detection device according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a graph diagram showing an abnormality detection method in the device of FIG. 4. The same members in each figure are given the same symbols, 10 is a numerically controlled machine tool (NC machine tool), 14 is a judgment section,
28 is a principal component force calculation section, 30 is a feed component force calculation section, 3
2 is a cutting data storage unit, C is a cutting material number instruction signal, I, Ip are servo motor current values, M is a detection command, P, Pp are spindle motor power values, T is a tool number signal, V is a cutting speed, f is the feed rate.
Claims (1)
と送り分力もしくは背分力の相互関係を予め記憶
する記憶手段と、実際の切削中における工具につ
いての主分力と送り分力もしくは背分力を求める
分力演算手段と、この分力演算手段によつて求め
られた分力が上記記憶手段に記憶された関係にあ
てはめた場合に得られる分力に対して設定量以上
離れたか否かにより異常を検出する判定手段と、 を含み、 上記分力算出手段における主分力は主軸電動機
主軸を切削速度で除算して値に基づいて算出し、
送り分力もしくは背分力は送り軸のサーボモータ
電流に基づいて算出することを特徴とする工具異
常検出装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. Storage means for storing in advance the mutual relationship between principal force and feed force or thrust force during cutting for a normal tool, and storage means for storing in advance the relationship between principal force and feed force for the tool during actual cutting. A component force calculation means for calculating a component force or a thrust component force, and a set amount for the component force obtained when the component force calculated by the component force calculation means is applied to the relationship stored in the storage means. determination means for detecting an abnormality based on whether the distance is greater than or equal to the distance, and the principal component force in the component force calculation means is calculated based on a value obtained by dividing the main shaft of the main shaft motor by the cutting speed;
A tool abnormality detection device characterized in that a feed component force or a back force is calculated based on a servo motor current of a feed shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1089583A JPS59142048A (en) | 1983-01-26 | 1983-01-26 | Abnormality detector for tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1089583A JPS59142048A (en) | 1983-01-26 | 1983-01-26 | Abnormality detector for tool |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59142048A JPS59142048A (en) | 1984-08-15 |
| JPH0227109B2 true JPH0227109B2 (en) | 1990-06-14 |
Family
ID=11763037
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1089583A Granted JPS59142048A (en) | 1983-01-26 | 1983-01-26 | Abnormality detector for tool |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59142048A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01301044A (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1989-12-05 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | Detecting method for tool damage |
| JPH074734B2 (en) * | 1988-11-21 | 1995-01-25 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | Cutting condition monitoring device for cutting equipment |
| US20040038082A1 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2004-02-26 | Toshihiro Tsumori | Substrate for perpendicular magnetic recording hard disk medium and method for producing the same |
| US6956233B2 (en) | 2002-08-26 | 2005-10-18 | Sin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Plated substrate for hard disk medium |
| JP7401207B2 (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2023-12-19 | ファナック株式会社 | Machine learning device, robot system, and machine learning method for learning tool status |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57138559A (en) * | 1981-02-16 | 1982-08-26 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method of detecting defect in tool |
-
1983
- 1983-01-26 JP JP1089583A patent/JPS59142048A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57138559A (en) * | 1981-02-16 | 1982-08-26 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Method of detecting defect in tool |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59142048A (en) | 1984-08-15 |
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