JPH02258024A - Isotope separation and concentration using laser - Google Patents
Isotope separation and concentration using laserInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02258024A JPH02258024A JP7893089A JP7893089A JPH02258024A JP H02258024 A JPH02258024 A JP H02258024A JP 7893089 A JP7893089 A JP 7893089A JP 7893089 A JP7893089 A JP 7893089A JP H02258024 A JPH02258024 A JP H02258024A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- raw material
- carbon
- material gas
- laser
- isotope
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005372 isotope separation Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N Carbon-13 Chemical compound [13C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006862 quantum yield reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000018459 dissociative disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 29
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-IGMARMGPSA-N Carbon-12 Chemical compound [12C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005369 laser isotope separation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000155 isotopic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-OUBTZVSYSA-N Ammonia-15N Chemical compound [15NH3] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100459438 Caenorhabditis elegans nac-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005445 isotope effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-OUBTZVSYSA-N oxygen-17 atom Chemical compound [17O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005610 quantum mechanics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、レーザを用いた同位体の分離・濃縮法に関し
、詳しくは赤外多光子解離を利用したレーザ同位体分離
による同位体の分離・濃縮法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for separating and concentrating isotopes using a laser, and more specifically, isotope separation by laser isotope separation using infrared multiphoton dissociation.・Regarding concentration method.
天然に存在する元素は質量数の異なる同位体が混合して
おり、例えば炭素では、質量数１２と１３の同位体から
なり、前者が９８．９％、後者が１．１％を占め、酸素
では、質量数１６．１７と１８の同位体からなり、前よ
り９９．８％、０゜０４％、０．２％を占め、窒素では
、質量数１４と１５の同位体からなり、前者が９９．６
％、後者が０．４％を占める。これらの同位体の中で炭
素１３同位体、酸素１７同位体、窒素１５同位体等は、
ＮＭＲ−ＭＨＩの標識化合物等の原料として国内外の医
学、生理学の研究者からの需要がとみに高まり、価格の
低下と供給の安定化が強く要請され始めている。従来実
用化されているこれらの同位体の分離方法は、はとんど
蒸留法によるものであり、炭素１３同位体の分離・濃縮
法について述べれば、−酸化炭素（ＣＯ）の低温蒸留に
基づいているが、ＣＯが有毒ガスであり、冷媒の液体窒
素を大量に使用しなければならず、また装置が大型化す
る等の欠点を有し、さらに製造コストも高いものとなっ
ている。Naturally occurring elements are a mixture of isotopes with different mass numbers. For example, carbon consists of isotopes with mass numbers 12 and 13, with the former accounting for 98.9% and the latter 1.1%, while oxygen In the case of nitrogen, it consists of isotopes with mass numbers 16.17 and 18, which account for 99.8%, 0°04%, and 0.2% compared to the previous one, and in nitrogen, it consists of isotopes with mass numbers 14 and 15, with the former being 99.6
%, the latter accounting for 0.4%. Among these isotopes, carbon-13 isotope, oxygen-17 isotope, nitrogen-15 isotope, etc.
The demand for it as a raw material for NMR-MHI labeling compounds, etc. from medical and physiological researchers in Japan and abroad is increasing rapidly, and there are strong demands for lower prices and stabilization of supply. Conventional methods of separating these isotopes that have been put to practical use are mostly based on distillation methods, and the method for separating and concentrating carbon-13 isotopes is based on low-temperature distillation of carbon oxide (CO). However, CO is a toxic gas, a large amount of liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant must be used, and the apparatus has disadvantages such as an increase in size, and the manufacturing cost is also high.
これに対してレーザを用いて、安全かつ小規模で安価に
炭素、酸素、窒素、硫黄、シリコン等の同位体が分離・
濃縮できれば、その意義は大きく、そのためこれまでに
も種々の提案がなされている（例えば、特開昭６０−１
３２６２９号公報や米国特許第４４３６７０９号）、こ
れまでに知られているレーザを用いた炭素１３同位体の
分離・濃縮法では、ＣＸＦｓ 、ＣＨＸＦｔ （Ｘは
Ｆ、ＣＩ。In contrast, isotopes such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and silicon can be safely, small-scale, and inexpensively separated using lasers.
It would be of great significance if it could be enriched, and various proposals have been made for this purpose (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-1
32629 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,436,709), conventional methods of separating and concentrating carbon-13 isotopes using lasers include CXFs and CHXFt (X is F, CI).
ＢｒあるいはＩのいずれかである）等のフルオロカーボ
ンガスのみ、あるいはこれらのフルオロカーボンガスに
ハロゲンガスを添加したものを原料として、炭酸ガスレ
ーザ光を照射し、光吸収特性の同位体シフトを用いて、
炭素１３同位体を含むフルオロカーボンの赤外多光子解
離を選択的に起こすものであった。すなわち、原料ガス
としてＣＸＦ３を用いた場合の赤外多光子解離では、解
離物として、炭素１３同位体が濃縮されたＣＦ３が生成
され、原料ガスとしてＣＨＸ Ｆ ！を用いた場合では
炭素１３同位体が濃縮されたＣＦ、と、ＨＸが生成され
る。これらのＣＦ、やＣＦ ｔはきわめて、不安定なラ
ジカルやカルベンであり、最終生成物として反応器外に
取り出すためには、二量体化やハロゲン化して、化学的
に安定でかつ原料とは異なる分子に変換して取り出すも
のであった。Using only fluorocarbon gas (such as Br or I) or halogen gas added to these fluorocarbon gases as a raw material, irradiation with carbon dioxide laser light and using the isotope shift of the light absorption characteristics,
This method selectively causes infrared multiphoton dissociation of fluorocarbons containing carbon-13 isotopes. That is, in infrared multiphoton dissociation when CXF3 is used as a raw material gas, CF3 enriched with carbon-13 isotopes is produced as a dissociated product, and CHX F! When this is used, CF enriched in carbon-13 isotopes and HX are produced. These CF and CF t are extremely unstable radicals and carbenes, and in order to be taken out of the reactor as a final product, they must be dimerized or halogenated to make them chemically stable and different from the raw materials. It was converted into a different molecule and extracted.
すなわち、解離物がＣＦ、の場合には、Ｃ，Ｆ。That is, when the dissociated product is CF, C, F.
やＣＦ３Ｙ（Ｙは、原料ガスのＸとは異なるハロゲン元
素をあられす）の形にして、解離物がＣＦ２の場合には
、ｃｚ ＦａやＣＦｔ ＹＺ （ここでＹとＺは、原料
ガスのＸとは異なるハロゲン元素をあられす）の形にし
て反応器外に取り出すものであった。or CF3Y (Y is a halogen element different from X in the source gas), and when the dissociated product is CF2, it can be converted into The halogen element, which is different from the reactor, was taken out of the reactor in the form of a hailstone.
しかしながら、従来の方法では、原料ガスへの赤外多光
子の吸収が効率よくおこらないために、結果として赤外
多光子解離反応が活発にならず、炭素１３同位体の分離
・濃縮速度や量子収率が低下するという欠点があった。However, in the conventional method, the absorption of infrared multiphotons into the raw material gas does not occur efficiently, and as a result, the infrared multiphoton dissociation reaction does not become active, and the separation/concentration rate of carbon-13 isotopes and quantum There was a drawback that the yield decreased.
本発明は、レーザを用いた同位体の分離・濃縮法におい
て、レーザ光の吸収の効率をよくし、同位体の分離・濃
縮速度や量子収率を大幅に向上する方法を提供すること
を目的とするものである。The present invention aims to provide a method for isotope separation and concentration using a laser, which improves the efficiency of laser light absorption and significantly improves isotope separation and concentration speed and quantum yield. That is.
同位体の分離・濃縮速度を向上させることは、生産性の
向上を意味し、多量の同位体の生産を可能とするもので
ある。量子収率が改善されることは、高価なレーザ光の
有効利用を意味し、安価に同位体分離・濃縮をおこなう
ことを可能にするものである。Improving the isotope separation/concentration rate means improving productivity, which makes it possible to produce a large amount of isotopes. Improving the quantum yield means that expensive laser light can be used effectively, making it possible to perform isotope separation and concentration at low cost.
本発明は、従来のレーザ同位体分離による同位体の分離
・濃縮法につき、鋭意、実験、検討を行った結果、従来
の方法では、原料ガス分子の振動エネルギー準位間のエ
ネルギー幅が徐々に狭くなってくる非調和項の効果で、
赤外多光子吸収が効率よくおこらないために、同位体の
分離・？ｌ縮速度や量子収率が低下することを見いだし
、さらに分子の振動エネルギー準位は、電場や磁場をか
けることで変化するという知見をもとに完成されたもの
である。すなわち、本発明では、レーザ光を原料ガスに
照射し、原料ガスの光吸収特性の同位体シフトを利用し
て、原料ガスを解離させ、同位体を分離・濃縮する方法
において、反応領域の原料ガスに電場または磁場のいず
れかあるいは両方を印加しつつ、レーザ光の照射を行う
ものである。The present invention has been developed as a result of intensive experiments and studies on isotope separation and concentration methods using conventional laser isotope separation. Due to the effect of the anharmonic term becoming narrower,
Because infrared multiphoton absorption does not occur efficiently, isotope separation/? It was completed based on the discovery that the contraction rate and quantum yield decrease, and the knowledge that the vibrational energy level of molecules changes when an electric or magnetic field is applied. That is, in the present invention, in a method of irradiating a source gas with a laser beam and utilizing an isotopic shift in the light absorption characteristics of the source gas to dissociate the source gas and separate and concentrate isotopes, the source gas in the reaction region is Laser light irradiation is performed while applying either an electric field or a magnetic field, or both, to the gas.
一般に、レーザを用いた同位体の分離・ｔＩｉ縮法にお
いては、弗素を含む分子、特に炭素の場合にはＣＸＦ３
、ＣＨＸＦｔ （ＸはＦ、、ＣＩ、ＢｒあるいはＩ
のいずれかである）で示されるフルオロカーボンガスが
原料ガスとして用いられることが多いが、これは天然に
は弗素は同位体が存在せず、１００％弗素１９であるた
めに同位体効果が鮮明にでるためであり、特にハロゲン
（Ｘ）や水素（Ｈ）を含んだフルオロカーボンを用いる
のは、これらの原子は容易にフルオロカーボン分子から
脱離して、ＸやＨＸといった解離物を生成するためであ
る。Generally, in the isotope separation/tIi reduction method using a laser, molecules containing fluorine, especially carbon, CXF3
, CHXFt (X is F, , CI, Br or I
Fluorocarbon gas, which is one of the above), is often used as a raw material gas, but this is because there is no isotope of fluorine in nature, and it is 100% fluorine-19, so the isotope effect is clearly visible. In particular, fluorocarbons containing halogen (X) and hydrogen (H) are used because these atoms easily detach from fluorocarbon molecules to produce dissociated products such as X and HX.
従来法と、本発明法を用いた場合の作用について炭素を
例にとって説明する。従来法について、原料ガスとして
、ＣＨＣＩＦｇを用いた場合を例にして、説明する。原
料のＣＨＣＩ Ｆ、ガスに、炭酸ガスレーザ等の非常に
強い赤外パルス光を照射すると、赤外多光子吸収で解離
を起こし、解離物としてＣＦ２とＨＣＩが生じる。ただ
し、分解を誘起するには、さらに強い光が必要であり、
レーザ光をレンズで集光して照射する必要がある。The effects of the conventional method and the method of the present invention will be explained using carbon as an example. The conventional method will be explained using an example in which CHCIFg is used as the raw material gas. When the raw material CHCI F and gas are irradiated with extremely strong infrared pulsed light from a carbon dioxide laser, dissociation occurs due to infrared multiphoton absorption, and CF2 and HCI are produced as dissociated products. However, more intense light is required to induce decomposition;
It is necessary to focus the laser light with a lens and irradiate it.
レーザ光の波長を１０３０〜１０５１０５Ｏ’付近に、
またそのフルーレンズを３〜ＩＯＪ／ｃｍ”に設定する
と、解離物ｃＦｓ中に炭素１３が分離・濃縮され、解離
物ｃＦｓ同士が二組化反応をおこして炭素１３が３０％
以上に濃縮されたＣｚＦ４が最終生成物として得られる
。The wavelength of the laser beam is set to around 1030 to 105105O',
In addition, when the full lens is set to 3 to IOJ/cm'', carbon-13 is separated and concentrated in the dissociated cFs, and the dissociated cFs undergo a two-parting reaction, resulting in 30% carbon-13.
CzF4 concentrated above is obtained as the final product.
ＣＨＣＩ Ｆｔ ＋ｎ ｈ ν→ｃＦｇ ＋ＨＣ
Ｉ （１）ＣＦｚ ＋ＣＦｚ ＝Ｃ＊ Ｆａ
反応（１）はＣＨＣＩＦｔが炭酸ガスレーザの赤外多光
子を吸収して、解離する過程を表す、前述の如き照射条
件では、炭素１３同位体を含むＣＨＣＩ Ｆ を分子が
選択的に解離し、炭素１３ｔＭ度の高いＣＦ ｚカルベ
ンが生成する。このＣＦＺカルベンは反応（２）によっ
て、二量体化しＣ１Ｆ４が生成する。このＣｔＦ４には
炭素１３が濃縮されている０反応（１）で炭素１３の選
択的な解離が起こるメカニズムについては、以下で説明
するように炭素１３同位体の選択的な赤外多光子吸収に
よると考えられている。CHCI Ft +n h ν→cFg +HC
I (1)CFz +CFz =C*Fa
Reaction (1) represents the process in which CHCIFt absorbs infrared multiphotons from the carbon dioxide laser and dissociates. Under the irradiation conditions described above, the molecule selectively dissociates CHCIF containing the carbon-13 isotope, and carbon CF z carbene with a high degree of 13 tM is produced. This CFZ carbene is dimerized by reaction (2) to produce C1F4. CtF4 is enriched with carbon-13. The mechanism by which carbon-13 is selectively dissociated in reaction (1) is due to selective infrared multiphoton absorption of carbon-13 isotopes, as explained below. It is believed that.
分子は量子力、学によれば、その分子構造に応じて、第
３図に示すように離散的な振動エネルギー準位を有する
ことが知られている。図において、分子の振動エネルギ
ー準位間のエネルギー幅は、低いエネルギー準位のとこ
ろでは一定である。従って、その振動エネルギー準位間
のエネルギー差に応じた、波長の光のみが吸収される。According to quantum mechanics, molecules are known to have discrete vibrational energy levels, as shown in FIG. 3, depending on their molecular structure. In the figure, the energy width between the vibrational energy levels of the molecule is constant at lower energy levels. Therefore, only light with a wavelength corresponding to the energy difference between the vibrational energy levels is absorbed.
すなわち、Ｅ＝ｈν （ここで、Ｅは振動エネルギー準
位間の差、ｈはブランク常数、νは光の振動数を示す）
を満たす振動数の光のみが吸収される。一方、炭素１３
からなるＣＨＣＩ Ｆ、と炭素１２からなるＣ ＨＣＩ
Ｆ ｔでは、同位体効果によって、その振動エネルギ
ー準位が異なり、結果的に振動エネルギー準位間のエネ
ルギー幅が異なることが知られており、非常に波長域の
せまい単色性にすぐれたレーザ光を用いると、炭素１３
からなるＣＨＣＩＦ、には吸収されるが、炭素１２から
なるＣＨＣＩＦＺには吸収されないような光の照射が可
能となる。１つの光子を吸収しただけでは、分子は単に
励起状態に昇位されるだけであるが、多数の光子を吸収
するとやがて、分子は解離する。これ力（いわゆる赤外
多光子解離による、同位体分離・濃縮の原理である。That is, E=hν (where E is the difference between vibrational energy levels, h is a blank constant, and ν is the frequency of light)
Only light with a frequency that satisfies this is absorbed. On the other hand, carbon-13
CHCI F consisting of carbon-12, and CHCI F consisting of carbon-12
It is known that Ft has different vibrational energy levels due to isotopic effects, and as a result, the energy width between the vibrational energy levels differs, resulting in laser light with an extremely narrow wavelength range and excellent monochromaticity. using carbon-13
It becomes possible to irradiate light that is absorbed by CHCIF, which is made of carbon-12, but not absorbed by CHCIFZ, which is made of carbon-12. Absorbing just one photon simply promotes the molecule to an excited state, but absorbing many photons eventually causes the molecule to dissociate. This force (so-called infrared multiphoton dissociation) is the principle of isotope separation and concentration.
しかしながら、分子の振動エネルギー準位をさらに詳細
に考察すれば、以下で示す非調和項の効果を無視できな
いことが知られている。すなわち、第４図に示すように
、分子の振動エネルギー準位間のエネルギー幅は、低い
エネルギー準位のところでは一定であるが、高エネルギ
ー準位側では、通常そのエネルギー幅が小さくなってい
くことが非調和項の効果として知られている。そのため
、従来の方法では、最初の吸収、励起は効率よく起こる
が、高エネルギー準位側では、Ｅ＝ｈν（ここで、Ｅは
振動エネルギー準位間の差、ｈはブランク常数、νは光
の振動数を示す）を満たさなくなり、光子の吸収が効率
よく行われないという欠点があった。However, if we consider the vibrational energy levels of molecules in more detail, it is known that the effect of the anharmonic term shown below cannot be ignored. In other words, as shown in Figure 4, the energy width between the vibrational energy levels of a molecule is constant at low energy levels, but it usually becomes smaller at higher energy levels. This is known as the effect of anharmonic term. Therefore, in the conventional method, initial absorption and excitation occur efficiently, but on the high energy level side, E = hν (where E is the difference between vibrational energy levels, h is a blank constant, and ν is the optical The problem is that photon absorption does not occur efficiently.
本発明は、反応領域の原料ガスに電場や磁場を印加する
ことで、光子の吸収を効率よくし、上記の解離反応（１
）を活発に起こして、炭素１３の分離・濃縮速度や量子
収率を大幅に向上するものである。The present invention efficiently absorbs photons by applying an electric field or magnetic field to the raw material gas in the reaction region, and the above dissociation reaction (1)
), which greatly improves the separation/concentration rate and quantum yield of carbon-13.
すなわち、５ｔａｒｋ効果やＺ ｅ ｅ ｍ ａ ｎ
ｎ効果と呼ばれる現象で説明されているように、原料ガ
スに非常に強い電場や磁場が、印加されると、元の原料
ガスの振動エネルギー準位が***を起こして、複数のエ
ネルギー準位に分かれる現象を用いるものである。本発
明ではこれを用い、元のエネルギー準位を強制的に変化
させて、照射するレーザ光の波長に相当するエネルギー
の準位を強制的につくることによって、解離に至るまで
の多光子吸収を非常に効率よく起こすものである。In other words, the 5tark effect and Z e e m a n
As explained by a phenomenon called the n effect, when a very strong electric or magnetic field is applied to a raw material gas, the vibrational energy level of the original raw material gas is split into multiple energy levels. It uses the phenomenon of separation. In the present invention, this is used to forcibly change the original energy level and forcibly create an energy level corresponding to the wavelength of the irradiated laser beam, thereby suppressing multiphoton absorption leading to dissociation. It is very efficient.
原料ガスとして、ＣＨＣＩＦ、を用い、３７０Ｖ ／
ｃ ｍの電場を印加した場合を例にして説明すると、第
１表に示すように電場を印加しない時と比べて、非常に
吸収度が増加して、光子の吸収が効率よ（行われている
ことがわかる。Using CHCIF as the raw material gas, 370V/
Taking as an example the case where an electric field of cm m is applied, as shown in Table 1, compared to when no electric field is applied, the absorbance increases significantly, and the absorption of photons becomes more efficient. I know that there is.
第１表
条件 光源 炭酸ガスパルスレーザ９Ｐ（２２）
１０４５．０２／ｃｍ 、７Ｊ原料ガス ＣＨＣＩＦ
、 圧力５Ｔｏｒｒこの方法では、同位体分離・濃縮
反応をきわめて、効率よく行うことができ、生産性が向
上し、生産コストの低減が可能となる。Table 1 Conditions Light source Carbon dioxide pulse laser 9P (22)
1045.02/cm, 7J raw material gas CHCIF
, Pressure: 5 Torr In this method, isotope separation and concentration reactions can be carried out extremely efficiently, productivity can be improved, and production costs can be reduced.
以上、対象元素が炭素で、原料ガスとしてＣＨＣＩＦ、
を用いて電場を印加した場合について説明したが、対象
元素が酸素、シリコン、窒素、ウラン等の場合でも全く
同様である。In the above, the target element is carbon, and the raw material gas is CHCIF,
Although the explanation has been given on the case where an electric field is applied using , the same applies even when the target element is oxygen, silicon, nitrogen, uranium, etc.
対象元素が炭素の場合では原料ガスとしてＣＨＢｒＦｔ
、ＣＨＩＦｚ、ＣＦｚ Ｂｒ＝ 、ＣＦｚ Ｂｒ、ＣＦ
ｚ Ｉ等のフルオロカーボンガスを用いても、全く同様
のことが起こる。また電場の代わりに磁場、あるいは電
場と磁場の両方を印加しても、全く同様のことがおこる
。When the target element is carbon, CHBrFt is used as the raw material gas.
, CHIFz, CFz Br= , CFz Br, CF
Exactly the same thing happens when using a fluorocarbon gas such as z I. The same thing happens when a magnetic field is applied instead of an electric field, or when both an electric field and a magnetic field are applied.
以下の実施例でさらに詳細に説明する。This will be explained in further detail in the following examples.
実施例１
第１図に本発明のレーザ法同位体分離に用いたレーザ照
射・反応装置の模式図を示す０図においてレーザ発振器
１は回折格子を組み込んだＴＥＡ型パルスＣｏ寞レーザ
であり、出力されたレーザビームは両面に減反射コーテ
ィングがほどこされた長焦点の集光レンズ２ （Ｎａ
Ｃ１，ｒ＝２ｍ）で集光され、原料ガスの存在する反応
器３（長さ２．７ｍ、石英ガラス製）に入射する。炭酸
ガスレーザの発振ラインは９Ｐ （２２）（１０４５゜
０２ｅｍ−’）に設定し、レーザ出力は７Ｊ／パルスで
ある。電場は、銅製の平行平板電橋４を用い、反応器の
外部に設置し電極間の距離を３ｃｍにして、１４００Ｖ
を印加した。Example 1 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a laser irradiation/reaction device used for laser isotope separation of the present invention. In FIG. The laser beam is passed through a long focal length condensing lens 2 (Na
C1, r=2 m), and enters the reactor 3 (2.7 m long, made of quartz glass) where the raw material gas is present. The oscillation line of the carbon dioxide laser was set to 9P (22) (1045°02em-'), and the laser output was 7 J/pulse. The electric field was set to 1400 V using a copper parallel plate electric bridge 4 installed outside the reactor with a distance of 3 cm between the electrodes.
was applied.
原料ガスとしてはＣＨＣＩ Ｆ、を１００Ｔｏ ｒ「用
いた。この結果、炭素１３が３４％に濃縮されたＣ ｚ
Ｆ ａが８Ｘ１０−’ｍｏｌ／パルスノ効率で得られ
た。また比較のための電場を印加しない実験をおこなっ
た結果、炭素１３が２９％に濃縮されたＣｚＦａが５
Ｘ １０−’ｍｏ Ｉ／パルスの効率で得られた。レー
ザ光１パルス当たりの炭素１３同位体が向上することは
、量子収率の向上を示すが、同時に、レーザ発振の１秒
当たりの発振数はほぼ一定であることから、生産性が向
上していることが判る。As the raw material gas, CHCIF was used at 100 Torr.As a result, CZ with carbon-13 concentrated to 34%
F a was obtained with an efficiency of 8×10 −′ mol/pulse. Additionally, as a result of an experiment without applying an electric field for comparison, it was found that CzFa with 29% carbon-13 concentration was
An efficiency of X 10-'mo I/pulse was obtained. An increase in the amount of carbon-13 isotope per pulse of laser light indicates an improvement in quantum yield, but at the same time, since the number of laser oscillations per second is almost constant, productivity is improved. I know that there is.
実施例２
第２図に本発明のレーザ法同位体分離に用いたレーザ照
射、反応装置の模式図を示す０図においてレーザ発振器
ｌは回折格子を組み込んだＴＥＡ型パルスｃｏ！レーザ
であり、出力されたレーザビームは両面に減反射コーテ
ィングがほどこされた長焦点の集光レンズ２ （Ｎａｃ
１．［＝２ｍ）で集光され、原料ガスの存在する反応
器３（長さ２．７ｍ、石英ガラス製）に入射する。炭酸
ガスレーザの発振ラインは９Ｐ（２８）（１０３９゜３
７ｃｍ−１）（２２）に設定し、レーザ出力は８Ｊ／パ
ルスである。電磁石を反応器の外部に設置して原料ガス
に均一な磁場を印加した。磁橿間４の距離を３ｃｍにし
て、１４ｋｇａｕｓｓを印加した。Example 2 Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the laser irradiation and reaction apparatus used in the laser method of isotope separation of the present invention. In Figure 0, the laser oscillator l is a TEA-type pulsed CO! The output laser beam is passed through a long focal length condensing lens 2 (Nac
1. [=2 m), and enters the reactor 3 (2.7 m long, made of quartz glass) where the raw material gas is present. The oscillation line of the carbon dioxide laser is 9P (28) (1039°3
7 cm-1) (22), and the laser output is 8 J/pulse. An electromagnet was installed outside the reactor to apply a uniform magnetic field to the raw material gas. The distance between the magnetic rods 4 was set to 3 cm, and 14 kgauss was applied.
原料ガスとしてはＣＦ ｓ Ｂ ｒを６０Ｔｏｒｒもち
いた。この結果、炭素１３同位体が３４％に濃縮された
ＣｚＦｈが３Ｘ１０−’ｍｏｌ／パ／Ｌ／ス（７）効率
で得られた。また比較のために、原料ガスを同量用いて
、磁場を印加しないで実験をおこなった。この結果、炭
素１３同位体が３２％に濃縮されたＣｚ Ｆｂを４Ｘ１
０−’ｍｏｌ／パルスの効率で得られた。As the raw material gas, CFsBr was used at 60 Torr. As a result, CzFh with carbon-13 isotope enriched to 34% was obtained with an efficiency of 3×10 −'mol/per/L/s(7). For comparison, an experiment was conducted using the same amount of raw material gas and without applying a magnetic field. As a result, Cz Fb enriched to 32% carbon-13 isotope was 4X1
It was obtained with an efficiency of 0-'mol/pulse.
本発明によれば、レーザを用いた同位体の分離・濃縮法
において、その濃縮速度や量子収率が大幅に改善され、
生産性が著しく向上し、低コストで同位体を分離・濃縮
することが可能となる。According to the present invention, in an isotope separation and concentration method using a laser, the concentration rate and quantum yield are significantly improved,
Productivity is significantly improved and it becomes possible to separate and concentrate isotopes at low cost.
第１図及び第２図は、本発明で用いた同位体分離装置の
模式図、第３図は分子の離散的な振動エネルギー準位を
示す図、第４図は分子の振動エネルギー準位の非調和項
の効果を示す図である。
１・・・レーザ発振器、２・・・集光レンズ、３・・・
反応器、４・・・電極、５・・・磁極。Figures 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of the isotope separation apparatus used in the present invention, Figure 3 is a diagram showing the discrete vibrational energy levels of molecules, and Figure 4 is a diagram showing the vibrational energy levels of molecules. It is a figure showing the effect of an anharmonic term. 1... Laser oscillator, 2... Condensing lens, 3...
Reactor, 4...electrode, 5...magnetic pole.
Claims (2)
特性の同位体シフトを利用して、原料ガスを解離させ、
同位体を分離・濃縮する方法において、反応領域の原料
ガスに電場または磁場のいずれかあるいは両方を印加し
つつ、レーザ光を照射することを特徴とするレーザを用
いた同位体の分離・濃縮法。(1) Irradiating the source gas with laser light and utilizing the isotope shift of the light absorption characteristics of the source gas to dissociate the source gas,
A method for separating and concentrating isotopes using a laser, which is characterized in that the source gas in a reaction region is irradiated with laser light while applying either an electric field or a magnetic field, or both. .
１記載のレーザを用いた同位体の分離・濃縮法。(2) The method for isotope separation and concentration using a laser according to claim 1, wherein the isotope to be separated and concentrated is carbon-13.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7893089A JPH02258024A (en) | 1989-03-30 | 1989-03-30 | Isotope separation and concentration using laser |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7893089A JPH02258024A (en) | 1989-03-30 | 1989-03-30 | Isotope separation and concentration using laser |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02258024A true JPH02258024A (en) | 1990-10-18 |
Family
ID=13675590
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7893089A Pending JPH02258024A (en) | 1989-03-30 | 1989-03-30 | Isotope separation and concentration using laser |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02258024A (en) |
-
1989
- 1989-03-30 JP JP7893089A patent/JPH02258024A/en active Pending
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