JPH02257834A - Cellular feed for culturing fish and production thereof - Google Patents
Cellular feed for culturing fish and production thereofInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02257834A JPH02257834A JP1077522A JP7752289A JPH02257834A JP H02257834 A JPH02257834 A JP H02257834A JP 1077522 A JP1077522 A JP 1077522A JP 7752289 A JP7752289 A JP 7752289A JP H02257834 A JPH02257834 A JP H02257834A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- fish
- hardness
- oils
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 33
- 241001600434 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Species 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000473391 Archosargus rhomboidalis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000269908 Platichthys flesus Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000555825 Clupeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000239366 Euphausiacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269821 Scombridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001504592 Trachurus trachurus Species 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020640 mackerel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020660 omega-3 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940012843 omega-3 fatty acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006014 omega-3 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019512 sardine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、ハマチ、ブリ、ヒラメ、シマアジ、マグロ、
サケ、マス、ウナギなどの養殖魚、特にハマチの餌とし
て好適に使用できる多孔性養魚飼料とその製造方法に関
するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is applicable to yellowtail, yellowtail, flounder, striped horse mackerel, tuna,
The present invention relates to porous fish feed that can be suitably used as feed for farmed fish such as salmon, trout, and eel, particularly yellowtail, and a method for producing the same.
〔従来の技術］
近年、わが国の栽培漁業はますます重要な地位を占める
ようになっている。しかし、ハマチやタイに代表される
魚の海面養殖では多養魚であるイワシ、サバなどの生魚
または冷凍魚をミンチ、切断、丸の形状で給餌するため
、海水中への水溶性栄養分の溶出が多くまた水中でのバ
ラケが多く、魚の捕食率が低いという欠点がある。特に
ノ１マチやブリなどは、従来性の魚種で広（使用されて
いる固型養魚飼料（ドライペレット）を摂餌しなかった
ため、長年にわたり上記生餌給餌形態がとられており、
この分野での固型飼料の研究が進まず現在環境悪化、へ
い死の増大、経営悪化への悪循環が起こりやすくなって
いる。[Conventional technology] In recent years, the cultivation and fishing industry in Japan has come to occupy an increasingly important position. However, in marine aquaculture of fish such as yellowtail and sea bream, raw or frozen fish such as sardines and mackerel, which are polycultured fish, are fed in the form of minced, cut, or rounded fish, which causes a large amount of water-soluble nutrients to be leached into the seawater. Another disadvantage is that there is a lot of breakage in the water, and the rate of fish predation is low. In particular, fish such as Japanese yellowtail and Japanese yellowtail have not been fed the solid fish feed (dry pellets) that is used in conventional fish species, so they have been fed the above-mentioned live food system for many years.
Research on solid feed in this field is not progressing, and a vicious cycle of environmental deterioration, increased mortality, and deterioration of business management is likely to occur.
従って、現在、ハマチ、タイなどの海水魚向養魚用餌用
として魚粉、小麦粉、大豆油かす、グルテンミール、米
ヌカなどを主原料として、これに各種ビタミン、ミネラ
ル類さらにアルギン酸ナトリウム、カルボキシメチルセ
ルロースナトリウム（ＣＭＣ） 、グアガム等の粘結剤
を配合して粉末状にした配合飼料と、生魚もしくは冷凍
魚をミンチ状にしたものを混合して造粒したモイストペ
レットが普及しつつある。このモイストベレットは、水
分を３０〜４０％以上含みやわらかいため嗜好性もよく
、養魚は生餌にひってきする成長をしている。しかし、
モイストペレットの製造設備に多額の設備投資を要する
こと、品質にバラツキが生じること及び給餌作業がふえ
る等数多くの問題がある。Therefore, currently, fish meal, wheat flour, soybean oil cake, gluten meal, rice bran, etc. are used as main ingredients for fish feed for saltwater fish such as yellowtail and sea bream, and various vitamins and minerals are added to these as well as sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. (CMC) Moist pellets, which are granulated by mixing powdered compound feed with a binder such as guar gum and minced raw or frozen fish, are becoming popular. These moist berets contain 30 to 40% water and are soft, making them highly palatable, and the growth of farmed fish attracts them to live bait. but,
There are many problems, such as requiring a large investment in equipment for producing moist pellets, causing variations in quality, and increasing feeding work.
こうした中で最近品質的に安定している配合飼料のみを
使用した多孔性固型養魚飼料が市場に出現している。こ
の多孔性飼料は、通常、養魚用配合飼料に用いられる魚
粉、大豆油かす、コーングルテンミール、でんぷん質（
でんぷん粉、小麦粉など）及び米ぬかなどを主原料とし
、ビタミンやミネラル類を加えた後、エクストルーダー
（加圧加熱押出機）で加圧、押し出して成型された飼料
であり、ハマチ用のものも出現している。特に、ハマチ
は、乾燥した硬い固型配合飼料を好まず、そのままでは
摂餌しないので、これらの多孔性養魚飼料を用いる場合
には、飼料に水または水と油をしみ込ませてスポンジ状
にして給餌させる必要がある。従って、水を用意したり
作業面でも手間がかかるうえ、自動給餌がむずかしいと
いう問題がある。また栄養面でも水溶性ビタミン類が水
中へ流出する恐れもあり、さらに魚の成長も従来の生餌
飼料を与えた場合に比べると劣るなど実用的でなくあま
り普及していないのが現状である。Under these circumstances, porous solid fish feeds that use only compound feeds that are stable in quality have recently appeared on the market. This porous feed is usually made from fishmeal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, starch (
It is a feed made from starch powder, wheat flour, etc.) and rice bran, etc., and after adding vitamins and minerals, it is pressurized and extruded using an extruder (pressure heating extruder) to form the feed, and it is also used for yellowtail. It is appearing. In particular, yellowtail does not like dry, hard solid compound feeds and will not eat them as is, so when using these porous fish feeds, the feed should be impregnated with water or water and oil to form a sponge. need to be fed. Therefore, there are problems in that it takes time and effort to prepare water and work, and automatic feeding is difficult. In terms of nutrition, there is also the risk that water-soluble vitamins may be leached into the water, and the growth of fish is also inferior to that of conventional raw feed, making it impractical and not widely used.
本発明は、乾燥した固型配合飼料を好まないノ１マチや
ブリなどの海水魚が食べ、かつこれらの魚の成育を向上
させることができる固型配合飼料を提供することを目的
とする。An object of the present invention is to provide a solid compound feed that can be eaten by seawater fish such as sea bream and yellowtail, which do not like dry solid compound feed, and can improve the growth of these fish.
本発明は、また上記固型飼料の効率的な製造方法を提供
することを目的とする。Another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient method for producing the solid feed.
本発明は、飼料中の粗脂肪含量を高め、かつ硬度が低く
て嵩比重が特定の範囲にある多孔性形態の固型飼料を用
いると上記課題を解決できるとの知見、及び該飼料を製
造するにあたり、油脂を２回に分けて添加すると効率よ
く、かつすぐれた固型飼料を製造できるとの知見に基づ
いてなされたのである。The present invention is based on the knowledge that the above problems can be solved by using a porous solid feed that has a high crude fat content, low hardness, and a bulk specific gravity within a specific range, and the production of the feed. This was done based on the knowledge that adding fats and oils in two portions makes it possible to produce an efficient and superior solid feed.
すなわち、本発明は、粗脂肪含有量が１３〜３５重量％
であり、硬度が０．５〜４．０ ｋｇ ／ （ｄで、か
つ嵩比重が０．３５〜０．６５の範囲にあることを特徴
とする多孔性養魚飼料を提供する。本発明は、また養魚
飼料原料に油脂を添加後、水を加えて加圧加熱用押出機
で加熱混練し、次いで乾燥した後、油脂を含浸させるこ
と特徴とする上記多孔性養魚飼料の製造方法を提供する
。That is, in the present invention, the crude fat content is 13 to 35% by weight.
The present invention provides a porous fish feed characterized by having a hardness of 0.5 to 4.0 kg/(d) and a bulk specific gravity of 0.35 to 0.65. In addition, there is provided a method for producing the above-mentioned porous fish feed, which is characterized in that after adding oil and fat to the fish feed raw material, water is added and the mixture is heated and kneaded using a pressurized and heated extruder, and then dried and impregnated with oil and fat.
本発明の多孔性高脂質養魚飼料は従来の多孔性養魚飼料
の原材料とほぼ同じものを用いることができ、魚粉、大
豆油かす、コーングルテンミールなどのタンパク質、で
んぷん質（でんぷん粉、小麦粉など）にビタミン、ミネ
ラル類を含有するが、特に粗脂肪を１３〜３５重量％（
以下％と略称する）と多量に含有することを特徴とする
。つまり、このような量で粗脂肪を含有させると成長促
進においてすぐれた効果が得られるからである。粗脂肪
の量は、好ましくは１８〜３０％、より好ましくは、２
０〜ａＯ％、最も好ましくは２３〜３０％である。該粗
脂肪は、魚粉などの原材料由来の脂肪分に加えて、動物
性油脂や植物性油脂が含まれる。尚、油脂としては高度
不飽和脂肪酸のω３系脂肪酸を含むものが好ましく、融
点が一２０〜５０℃のものを用い、るのが好ましい。The porous high-lipid fish feed of the present invention can use almost the same raw materials as conventional porous fish feed, including fish meal, proteins such as soybean oil cake and corn gluten meal, and starches (starch powder, wheat flour, etc.). contains vitamins and minerals, but especially contains 13 to 35% by weight of crude fat (
It is characterized by containing a large amount (hereinafter abbreviated as %). In other words, when crude fat is contained in such an amount, an excellent effect in promoting growth can be obtained. The amount of crude fat is preferably 18-30%, more preferably 2
0-aO%, most preferably 23-30%. The crude fat includes animal oil and vegetable oil in addition to fat derived from raw materials such as fish meal. The fats and oils are preferably those containing ω3 fatty acids, which are highly unsaturated fatty acids, and preferably have a melting point of 120 to 50°C.
本発明の飼料成分は上記要件を満せば特に限定されない
が、通常粗タンパク質３５〜５５％、粗脂肪１３〜３５
％、炭水化物５〜３０％、無機物、ビタミン等１〜５％
を含み、水分含量が１０％以下のものが好ましい。又、
上記炭水化物はα化デンプンの形態で含ませるのがよい
。The feed ingredients of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they meet the above requirements, but are usually 35 to 55% crude protein and 13 to 35% crude fat.
%, carbohydrates 5-30%, inorganic substances, vitamins, etc. 1-5%
It is preferable that the water content is 10% or less. or,
The above-mentioned carbohydrates are preferably included in the form of pregelatinized starch.
本発明の飼料は、上記特徴に加えて、硬度が０、５〜４
．０ ｋｇ／ ｃｎｆと軟かく、嵩比重が０．３５〜０
．６５の範囲にある多孔性形態にあることを特徴とする
。すなわち、硬度を０．５〜４．’ Ｏｋｇ ／ ｃｉ
、好ましくは０．７〜３．０ ｋｇ／ｃｖｊ、より好
ましくは１．０〜２．５ｋｇ／ｃｔｌとすることによっ
て、魚に与える前に水につけて飼料を軟かくするという
従来の固型飼料が有する問題を除くことができ、直接魚
に与えることができるのである。また嵩比重が０．４０
〜０．６５、好ましくは０．５〜ｏ、６５、より好まし
くは０．５５〜０．６５の多孔性とすることによって、
自動給餌システムを使用して効率的な給餌を達成できる
からである。In addition to the above characteristics, the feed of the present invention has a hardness of 0, 5 to 4.
．． Soft at 0 kg/cnf, bulk specific gravity 0.35-0
．． It is characterized by a porous morphology in the range of 65%. That is, the hardness is 0.5 to 4. 'Okg/ci
, preferably 0.7 to 3.0 kg/cvj, more preferably 1.0 to 2.5 kg/ctl, compared to conventional solid feeds in which the feed is soaked in water to soften it before feeding to fish. This eliminates the problems associated with fish and can be fed directly to fish. Also, the bulk specific gravity is 0.40
By having a porosity of ~0.65, preferably 0.5-0.65, more preferably 0.55-0.65,
This is because efficient feeding can be achieved using automatic feeding systems.
上記硬度及び嵩比重は使用原料や製造条件の調整により
所望の範囲とすることができる。The above-mentioned hardness and bulk specific gravity can be adjusted to desired ranges by adjusting the raw materials used and manufacturing conditions.
本発明の多孔性飼料は、上記タンパク質、炭水化物、ビ
タミン等を含有する粗脂肪分２〜９％、好ましくは３〜
８％、水分含量５〜１４％の原料に動物性油脂もしくは
植物性油脂を１〜６％、好ましくは３〜５％の割合で混
合し、加水加圧熱く水蒸気でも可〉の存在下にふいて、
でんぷん質をα化しつつ加熱加圧押し出しにより多孔性
固体に成型した後乾燥する方法により製造するのが好ま
しい。ここで加水量としては１０〜２４％の水を加える
のがよい。このように原料配合時に油脂を加えると、加
圧過程で原材料がスリップ状態を起こし加圧が不十分に
なる恐れが生じるので２軸エクストルーダーを用いて加
圧押出するのがよい。The porous feed of the present invention contains the above proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc., and has a crude fat content of 2 to 9%, preferably 3 to 9%.
Mix animal fat or vegetable oil at a ratio of 1 to 6%, preferably 3 to 5%, to raw materials with a water content of 8% and a moisture content of 5 to 14%, and then wiping the mixture in the presence of water, pressure, and hot water vapor. hand,
It is preferable to produce the porous solid by forming it into a porous solid by extrusion under heat and pressure while gelatinizing the starch, and then drying it. Here, the amount of water added is preferably 10 to 24%. If fats and oils are added when blending raw materials in this way, there is a risk that the raw materials may slip during the pressurization process, resulting in insufficient pressurization, so it is preferable to extrude under pressure using a twin-screw extruder.
２軸エクストルーダーを用いると摩擦熱を押さえて８０
〜１００℃といった中低温で加圧加熱及び混練が可能で
あり、原料の加熱や酸化による劣化を押えることができ
る。上記方法では、加圧加熱された原料を空気中に押出
すことにより、実質的に減圧下で水分が蒸散し膨化し、
その直後に水分含量を所定の数置となるまで乾燥すると
所望の硬度の多孔体が製造できる。Using a twin-screw extruder suppresses frictional heat and increases the
Pressurized heating and kneading are possible at medium to low temperatures of ~100°C, and deterioration due to heating and oxidation of raw materials can be suppressed. In the above method, by extruding the pressurized and heated raw material into the air, water evaporates under substantially reduced pressure and the raw material expands.
Immediately thereafter, drying is performed until the moisture content reaches a predetermined value, thereby producing a porous material having a desired hardness.
上記２軸エクストルーダーを用いる方法では、配合原料
をフィーダーに供給し、次に、クツカー部においてスチ
ームまたは温水によって水分含量を２０〜３８％に上げ
、スクリュープレス部で加圧、加熱、混練されてグイか
み空気中に放出される方法によるのがよい。In the above-mentioned method using a twin-screw extruder, the mixed raw materials are fed to a feeder, and then the moisture content is increased to 20-38% with steam or hot water in the courier section, and the mixture is pressurized, heated, and kneaded in the screw press section. It is best to use a method in which the substance is released into the air.
このようにして得られた多孔体を水分含量が１２％以下
、好ましくは５〜１２％となるように乾燥した後、動物
性油脂または植物性油脂およびその混合物を常温もしく
は加温した状態でスプレーもしくは噴霧するなどの手段
で後添加することでハマチ、ブリなどが活発に摂餌し、
成長する高脂質養魚飼料が製造できる。油脂の後添加は
約６％〜約２５％で行い、養魚飼料の成分を粗脂肪１３
％〜３５％、飼料の総エネルギー４５００ｋｃａｌ／ｋ
ｇ 〜６１０ Ｑｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ、好ましくは粗脂肪１
８〜３０％、４９００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ〜５９００ｋｃａ
ｌ／ｋｇに調整するのがよい。本発明の飼料は多孔性な
ので、上記油脂を極めて効率的に吸収することができる
。After drying the porous material obtained in this way to a moisture content of 12% or less, preferably 5 to 12%, animal oil or vegetable oil or a mixture thereof is sprayed at room temperature or in a heated state. Alternatively, by adding it later by spraying or other means, yellowtail, yellowtail, etc. will actively feed.
It is possible to produce high-fat fish feed for growth. Post-addition of fats and oils is carried out at approximately 6% to approximately 25%, and the ingredients of fish feed are reduced to 13% crude fat.
%~35%, total feed energy 4500kcal/k
g ~610 Qkcal/kg, preferably crude fat 1
8-30%, 4900kcal/kg-5900kcal
It is best to adjust it to 1/kg. Since the feed of the present invention is porous, it can absorb the above-mentioned fats and oils very efficiently.
本発明の多孔性飼料は、任意の形、大きさとすることが
できるが、ダイ等の形状を変更することにより、直径的
０．５〜５０ａｍの球状又は直径的０−５〜５０ ｍａ
ｒ長さ約０．５〜１００１０１０（７）円筒状とするこ
とができる。The porous feed of the present invention can be made into any shape and size, but by changing the shape of the die etc., it can be made into a spherical shape with a diameter of 0.5 to 50 am or a diameter of 0-5 to 50 mm.
rLength approximately 0.5 to 1001010 (7) Can be cylindrical.
：発明の効果二
本発明の多孔性高脂質養魚飼料は、栄養価が高〈従来乾
燥固型飼料を摂餌しないとされていたハマチにおいても
活発；こ捕食され、従来の生餌主体飼育に優るとも劣ら
ない成長を示した。: Effect of the invention 2 The porous high-lipid fish feed of the present invention has high nutritional value. It showed a growth that was comparable to that of the previous one.
従って、本発明の飼料は、ハマチやブリなどはもとより
他の多くの魚の養殖用飼料として輻広く使用できる。Therefore, the feed of the present invention can be widely used as feed for cultivating not only yellowtail and yellowtail but also many other fish.
また、嵩比重を調整することにより、フロート飼料（嵩
比重的０．３５〜約０．５２）や沈降性飼料（約０．５
２〜約０．６５）とすることができる。In addition, by adjusting the bulk specific gravity, float feed (bulk specific gravity 0.35 to about 0.52) and sedimentary feed (about 0.5
2 to about 0.65).
次に実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明
はこれろの実施例に限定されるものではない。EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
実施例１
下記の原料：
魚粉 ７２％
大豆油かす ４％
小麦粉 １３％
馬鈴しょ澱粉 ６％
ビタミン・ミネラル ２％
魚油 ３％
（水分含量ｌＯ％、粗脂肪含量１１％）を混合機で十分
ミキシングした後、２軸エクストルーダー（クレクスト
ラル社製）にて加水１７％、加熱温度８０℃〜１００℃
下で加圧成型した後、水分１０％弱に乾燥した。Example 1 The following raw materials: Fish meal 72% Soybean oil cake 4% Wheat flour 13% Potato starch 6% Vitamins and minerals 2% Fish oil 3% (Water content 10%, Crude fat content 11%) were thoroughly mixed using a blender. After that, add 17% water with a twin-screw extruder (manufactured by Clextral) and heat at a temperature of 80°C to 100°C.
After being pressure molded below, it was dried to a moisture content of just under 10%.
その後フィードオイル（魚油）を１４％スプレーし、粗
脂肪的２５％の多孔性高脂質養魚飼料（直径１０ｍｍ、
゛長さ１２ｍの円柱状ペレット、硬度２．３、嵩比重０
．５２＞を得た。尚、硬度は、本屋式硬度計を用い、加
圧面の直径が５ｆｆｉＩＩφの円形の平面（プランジャ
ー）で加圧、破砕した状態での数値ｋｇを、ベレットの
直径から面積を算出しｌｃｄ当たりの破砕硬度とした（
以下同じ）。After that, 14% feed oil (fish oil) was sprayed, and a porous high-lipid fish feed containing 25% crude fat (diameter 10 mm,
゛Cylindrical pellets with a length of 12 m, hardness 2.3, bulk specific gravity 0
．． 52> was obtained. The hardness is determined by using a Honya-type hardness tester, applying pressure and crushing it with a circular plane (plunger) with a pressing surface diameter of 5ffiIIφ, and calculating the area from the diameter of the pellet, and calculating the area per LCD. Fracture hardness (
same as below).
この多孔性飼料を用いてハマチの養殖を６０日間行った
。一方、比較用に生餌と市販のハマチ用配合飼料を８＝
２の割合で混合して造粒したモイストペレットを用いて
同様の試験を行った。結果を次に示す。Yellowtail was cultured for 60 days using this porous feed. On the other hand, for comparison, raw bait and commercially available compound feed for yellowtail were used at 8 =
A similar test was conducted using moist pellets that were mixed and granulated at a ratio of 2. The results are shown below.
上記結果から明らかな様に本発明の飼料は、水を加えた
りすることなしに使用でき、従来の生餌主体養殖よりも
優れた結果を得た。また、本発明の飼料は食べ残しもな
く、利用率はモイストペレットと同等もしくはそれ以上
であった。As is clear from the above results, the feed of the present invention can be used without adding water, and results were superior to conventional live feed-based aquaculture. In addition, the feed of the present invention had no leftover food, and the utilization rate was equal to or higher than that of moist pellets.
本発明の飼料をハマチ以外のヒラメに与えて養殖したと
ころ、すぐれた成長率と高い利用率が得られた。When the feed of the present invention was fed to flounder other than yellowtail and farmed, excellent growth rates and high utilization rates were obtained.
実施例２
下記の原料：
魚粉 ６０％
イカミール １６％
小麦粉 ６％
馬鈴しょ澱粉 ８％
コーンスターチ ４％
ビタミン・ミネラル ２％
大豆油 ４％
（水分含量１０％、粗脂肪含量１．０％）を用い、実施
例１と同一の装置を用いて加水量を１５％、加熱温度８
０〜９５℃で加圧成形し、水分含量８％に乾燥した。Example 2 The following ingredients: Fishmeal 60% Squid meal 16% Wheat flour 6% Potato starch 8% Cornstarch 4% Vitamins/minerals 2% Soybean oil 4% (Water content 10%, Crude fat content 1.0%) Using the same equipment as in Example 1, the amount of water added was 15% and the heating temperature was 8.
It was pressure molded at 0-95°C and dried to a moisture content of 8%.
その後、油脂（融点０℃）を２０％スプレーして、粗脂
肪含量３０％の多孔性高脂質飼料（硬度２．０、嵩比重
０．５５）を得た。Thereafter, 20% oil (melting point: 0° C.) was sprayed to obtain a porous high-lipid feed (hardness: 2.0, bulk specific gravity: 0.55) with a crude fat content of 30%.
この飼料は実施例１と同等のすぐれた性能を有していた
。This feed had the same excellent performance as Example 1.
実施例３
下記の原料：
魚粉 ５０％
オキアミ粉末 ２０％
０％大豆油 ５％
小麦粉 ７％
馬鈴しょ澱粉 ５％
小麦グルテン ６％
ビタミン・ミネラル ２％
フィードオイル（魚油） ３％
大豆油 ２％
（水分含量９％、粗脂肪含量９％）
を用い、実施例１と同一の装置を用いて加水量１６％、
加熱温度８０〜９０℃で加圧成形し、水分９％まで戦場
した。Example 3 The following ingredients: Fish meal 50% Krill powder 20% 0% Soybean oil 5% Wheat flour 7% Potato starch 5% Wheat gluten 6% Vitamins/minerals 2% Feed oil (fish oil) 3% Soybean oil 2% ( Using the same equipment as in Example 1, the amount of water added was 16%,
Pressure molding was carried out at a heating temperature of 80 to 90°C, and the moisture content was reduced to 9%.
その後、油脂（融点Ｏ℃）を２０％スプレーして、粗脂
肪含量２９％の多孔性高脂質飼料（硬度２．３、嵩比重
０．３５）を得た。Thereafter, 20% oil (melting point O°C) was sprayed to obtain a porous high-lipid feed (hardness 2.3, bulk specific gravity 0.35) with a crude fat content of 29%.
この飼料は浮上性であり、ハマチに与えたところすぐれ
た成長率と高い利用率が得られた。This feed is buoyant, and when fed to yellowtail, an excellent growth rate and high utilization rate were obtained.
Claims (1)
．５〜４．０ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２で、かつ嵩比重が０．３５
〜０．６５の範囲にあることを特徴とする多孔性養魚飼
料。 ２、養魚飼料原料に油脂を添加後、水を加えて加圧加熱
用押出機で加熱混練し、次いで乾燥した後、油脂を含浸
させること特徴とする請求項１記載の多孔性養魚飼料の
製造方法。[Scope of Claims] 1. The crude fat content is 13 to 35% by weight, and the hardness is 0.
．． 5 to 4.0 kg/cm^2 and bulk specific gravity 0.35
A porous fish feed characterized in that it is in the range of ~0.65. 2. Production of the porous fish feed according to claim 1, characterized in that after adding oil and fat to the fish feed raw material, water is added and heated and kneaded using a pressure heating extruder, and then dried and impregnated with oil and fat. Method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1077522A JP2640533B2 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1989-03-29 | Porous fish feed and its production method |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32996888 | 1988-12-27 | ||
| JP63-329968 | 1988-12-27 | ||
| JP1077522A JP2640533B2 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1989-03-29 | Porous fish feed and its production method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02257834A true JPH02257834A (en) | 1990-10-18 |
| JP2640533B2 JP2640533B2 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
Family
ID=26418599
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1077522A Expired - Lifetime JP2640533B2 (en) | 1988-12-27 | 1989-03-29 | Porous fish feed and its production method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2640533B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06292516A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1994-10-21 | Norin Suisansyo Suisanchiyou Youshiyoku Kenkyusho | Feed for rainbow trout mixed with powdery malt protein |
| JP2008220180A (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-25 | Univ Kinki | Artificial formula feed for fish of thunnus, and rearing method of fish of thunnus |
| JP2011142855A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Kinki Univ | Compound feed for raising flounder and method for raising flounder |
-
1989
- 1989-03-29 JP JP1077522A patent/JP2640533B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06292516A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1994-10-21 | Norin Suisansyo Suisanchiyou Youshiyoku Kenkyusho | Feed for rainbow trout mixed with powdery malt protein |
| JP2008220180A (en) * | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-25 | Univ Kinki | Artificial formula feed for fish of thunnus, and rearing method of fish of thunnus |
| JP2011142855A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Kinki Univ | Compound feed for raising flounder and method for raising flounder |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2640533B2 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
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