JPH02230666A - Fuel cell power generating system - Google Patents
Fuel cell power generating systemInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02230666A JPH02230666A JP1051611A JP5161189A JPH02230666A JP H02230666 A JPH02230666 A JP H02230666A JP 1051611 A JP1051611 A JP 1051611A JP 5161189 A JP5161189 A JP 5161189A JP H02230666 A JPH02230666 A JP H02230666A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- power
- steam
- water
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明は水冷式の燃料電池発電装！、ことにその起動
時における水系の温度および発生電力の制御装置に関す
る。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This invention is a water-cooled fuel cell power generation system! In particular, this invention relates to a control device for controlling the temperature of a water system and the generated power during startup.
第２図は従来装置の水系統および出力電気系統を簡略化
して示すシステム図であり、水冷式冷却器ＩＡを有する
燃料電池１と、水蒸気改質器２Ａを含む水蒸気改質器系
２に飽和水蒸気９を供給する水蒸気分離器３とが、水蒸
気分離器３の包蔵水８を冷却水８Ａとして燃料電池１の
水冷式冷却器１＾に循環する冷却水循環系４によって連
結されており、燃判電池が発電運転中はその発電生成熱
を冷却水８＾が奪って燃料電池１をその作動温度（例え
ばりん酸形燃料電池の場合１９０℃）に保持するととも
に、加熱された冷却水８Ａが水蒸気分離器３の包蔵水８
を加温する．加温した包蔵水８によって生成され圧力調
整弁３Ｂによって圧力調整された所定温度（例えば１６
０℃程度）の飽和水蒸気９が水蒸気改質系２に供給され
て吸熱反応である原燃料の水蒸気改質反応に寄与し、燃
料ガス７が燃料電池ｌに供給されて酸化剤ガスとの電気
化学反応により直接発電が行われ、発生電力は直流開閉
器１２．直交変換装置１３を介して交流電力に変換され
、負荷開閉器ｌ４を介して例えば交流電力系統１５に供
給される．また、水蒸気分離器３の包蔵水８は飽和水蒸
気の気化熱によって冷却されて燃料電池の水冷冷却器Ｉ
Ａとの間に温度差が生ずるので、冷却水循環系４を循環
する水を冷却媒体として燃料電池１の冷却が行われる。Figure 2 is a simplified system diagram showing the water system and output electrical system of the conventional device. The water vapor separator 3 that supplies water vapor 9 is connected to the water vapor separator 3 by a cooling water circulation system 4 that circulates the stored water 8 of the water vapor separator 3 as cooling water 8A to the water-cooled cooler 1^ of the fuel cell 1. When the battery is in power generation operation, the cooling water 8A absorbs the generated heat and maintains the fuel cell 1 at its operating temperature (for example, 190°C in the case of a phosphoric acid fuel cell), and the heated cooling water 8A turns into water vapor. Stored water 8 in separator 3
Warm up. A predetermined temperature (for example, 16
Saturated steam 9 at a temperature of about 0℃) is supplied to the steam reforming system 2 and contributes to the endothermic steam reforming reaction of the raw fuel, and the fuel gas 7 is supplied to the fuel cell 1 to generate electricity with the oxidizing gas. Direct power generation occurs through a chemical reaction, and the generated power is transferred to a DC switch 12. It is converted into AC power via the orthogonal conversion device 13, and is supplied to, for example, the AC power system 15 via the load switch l4. Furthermore, the stored water 8 of the water vapor separator 3 is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the saturated water vapor, and is transferred to the water-cooled cooler I of the fuel cell.
Since there is a temperature difference between the fuel cell 1 and the fuel cell 1, the fuel cell 1 is cooled using water circulating in the cooling water circulation system 4 as a cooling medium.
一方、燃料電池の発電運転を開始するためには、燃料電
池１をその起動に好適な温度（例えば１３０℃）に予熱
すると同時に、水蒸気改質器系２に所定温度（例えば１
６０℃）に加熱された飽和水蒸気９を供給して燃料ガス
７を燃料電池１に供給する必要がある．そこで、水蒸気
分離器３に、その包蔵水８を循環加熱する加熱器５を有
する加熱循環系６を設け、加熱された包蔵水により飽和
水蒸気を発生させると同時に、包蔵水を加熱媒体として
冷却水循環系４を介して燃料電池１を予熱するとともに
、起動操作中に燃料電池１が発生する電力を、その直流
出力側に開閉８１７を介して接続された可変形の起動抵
抗器１６によって消費して発電生成熱を発生させる。発
生電力が例えば定格出力の１７３程度を超えた時点で直
流開閉器１２を閉じて直交変換装買１３を起動するとと
もに負荷開閉器１４を閉じ、起動抵抗器１６に流れる電
流を徐々に絞って交流出力を増加させ、発生電力が所望
のレベルに到達した時点で起動抵抗器１６を切離すこと
により起動操作を終了するよう構成したものが知られて
いる．なお、１９は運転停止時に用いられる小容量の放
電抵抗器である．
〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕
従来装置においては、その起動時に燃料電池の発生電力
が所望のレベルに到達するまでの間、起動抵抗器に発生
電力を消費させるために、この間発生ずる電力とこれを
発生するための原燃料が無駄に消費されるばかりか、電
力を無駄に消費させるための起動抵抗器を設備しなけれ
ばならないという問題がある．
この発明の目的は、起動抵抗器を必要とせず、かつ起動
時の発生電力を有効に利用して装置の起動を効率化する
ことにある。On the other hand, in order to start power generation operation of the fuel cell, the fuel cell 1 is preheated to a temperature suitable for startup (for example, 130°C), and at the same time, the steam reformer system 2 is heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, 130°C).
It is necessary to supply fuel gas 7 to fuel cell 1 by supplying saturated steam 9 heated to 60°C). Therefore, a heating circulation system 6 having a heater 5 that circulates and heats the stored water 8 is installed in the steam separator 3, and the heated stored water generates saturated steam, and at the same time, cooling water is circulated using the stored water as a heating medium. The fuel cell 1 is preheated via the system 4, and the power generated by the fuel cell 1 during the startup operation is consumed by the variable startup resistor 16 connected to the DC output side of the fuel cell 1 through the switch 817. Generates heat for power generation. When the generated power exceeds the rated output of about 173, for example, the DC switch 12 is closed to start the orthogonal converter 13, the load switch 14 is closed, and the current flowing through the starting resistor 16 is gradually throttled back to AC. A device is known in which the output is increased and the starting operation is terminated by disconnecting the starting resistor 16 when the generated power reaches a desired level. In addition, 19 is a small capacity discharge resistor used when the operation is stopped. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the conventional device, in order to cause the starting resistor to consume the generated power until the generated power of the fuel cell reaches the desired level at the time of startup, the power generated during this time and the There is a problem in that not only the raw fuel for generating this is wasted, but also a starting resistor must be installed to waste electricity. An object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of starting a device by eliminating the need for a starting resistor and effectively utilizing the power generated during starting.
上記課題を解決するために、この発明によれば、出力側
が直交変換装置を介して交流系統に接続された水冷式燃
料電池と、原燃料の水蒸気改質系に飽和水蒸気を供給す
る水蒸気分離器とが冷却水循環系により相互に連結され
、発電運転中は燃料電池の発生熱を熱源として前記水蒸
気分離器が飽和水蒸気を発生するものにおいて、前記直
交変損装置の出力交流側および交流系統側に切換可能に
接続され，前記燃料電池の起動時における発生電力を供
給源の一部として発熱する電気ヒータを備え、この電気
ヒータを熱源として前記水蒸気分離器の包蔵水を起動に
好通な所定温度に加熱するものとする．
〔作用〕
上記手段において、直交変換装置の交流出力側および交
流系統側に切換接続可能に電気ヒータを設け、起動時に
燃料電池が発生する電力を電気ヒータへの供給電力の一
部として水蒸気分離器の包蔵水を加熱するようにしたこ
とにより、起動抵抗器が不要となり、その分装置の構成
を簡素化できるとともに、起動時の発生電力を蒸気の生
成および燃料電池の予熱に有効利用でき、したがって装
置の起動を省資源化できる．
〔実施例〕
以下この発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a water-cooled fuel cell whose output side is connected to an AC system via an orthogonal conversion device, and a steam separator that supplies saturated steam to a raw fuel steam reforming system. are interconnected by a cooling water circulation system, and the steam separator generates saturated steam using the heat generated by the fuel cell as a heat source during power generation operation, and the output AC side and the AC system side of the orthogonal transformation device An electric heater is switchably connected and generates heat using the electric power generated during startup of the fuel cell as part of the supply source, and uses the electric heater as a heat source to bring the contained water of the steam separator to a predetermined temperature favorable for startup. It shall be heated to . [Operation] In the above means, an electric heater is provided in a switchable manner on the AC output side and the AC system side of the orthogonal conversion device, and the water vapor separator uses the electric power generated by the fuel cell at startup as part of the electric power supplied to the electric heater. By heating the stored water, a starting resistor is no longer required, which simplifies the configuration of the device, and the power generated during startup can be effectively used for steam generation and fuel cell preheating. Resources can be saved when starting the device. [Examples] The present invention will be described below based on Examples.
第１図はこの発明の実施例装宜の主要部分を簡略化して
示すシステム図であり、従来装置と同じ部分には同一参
照符号を用いることにより詳細な説明を省略する。図に
おいて、２１Ａ，２１Ｂは複数の電気ヒータであり、水
蒸気分離器３の加熱Ｉ環系６に従来装１の加熱器５の代
わりに設けられる。FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing the main parts of an embodiment of the present invention in a simplified manner, and detailed explanations are omitted by using the same reference numerals for the same parts as in the conventional apparatus. In the figure, 21A and 21B are a plurality of electric heaters, which are provided in the heating I ring system 6 of the steam separator 3 in place of the heater 5 of the conventional device 1.
電気ヒータ２１Ａ．２１Ｂは！磁開閉器２３Ａ．２３Ｂ
を介して負荷開閉器ｌ４の電力系統１５側に接続され、
電力系統１５から電力を受けられるとともに、直交変換
装ｙ１１３の出力側から電磁開閉器２４，交流電圧調整
器２６および電磁開閉器２ ５ Ａ ， ２．５ Ｂを
介して起動時の発生電力を供給できるよう構成される．
なお、加熱Ｗｉ環系６を設けずに電気ヒータを包蔵水８
中に設けてもよい．
このように構成された実施例装置の起動時における電気
ヒータのオン・オフ制御は、まず直流開閉器１２および
負荷開閉器】４を開いた状態でスイッチ２３Ａ，２３Ｂ
を閉じ、電力系統ｌ５側から電気ヒータ２１＾， ２１
Ｂに交流電力を供給して加熱循環系６によって水蒸気分
離器３の包蔵水Ｂを加熱する．また、冷却水循環系４に
よって包蔵水８を加熱媒体として燃料電池１に循環して
燃料電池を起動可能な最低温度に予熱し、かつ発生した
飽和水蒸気９を水蒸気改質系２に送って原燃料の水蒸気
改質を開始する．
燃料電池１に供給される燃料ガス量が増加した時点で直
流開閉器１２を閉じて直交変換装置１３を起動するとと
もに、電磁開閉器２３Ａ．２３Ｂを開き、代わりに電磁
開閉器２４および２５Ａを閉じ、燃料電池１で発生し、
交流に変換された電力を電圧調整器２６で電圧調整しつ
つ電気ヒータ２１Ａに供給する．この状態で燃料電池１
に発電生成熱が発生するので、この発電生成熱と従来は
無駄に消費されていた発生電力とを有効に利用して電池
の加温と燃料ガスの生成が促進される．
電気ヒータ２１Ａに供給される電力がその容量を超える
状態に達した時点で電磁開閉器２５Ｂを閉じて電気ヒー
タ２１Ｂに通電し電池の加温と燃料ガスの生成をさらに
促進する．発生電力が燃料電池の定格出力の１７３程度
に到達すると電気ヒータの助けを借りずに定常運転が可
能になるので、電磁開閉器２４を開くとともに加熱循環
系６の循環ポンプを停止し、負荷開閉器ｌ４を閉じるこ
とによって起動操作が完了する．
〔発明の効果〕
この発明は前述のように、直交変換装置の出力交流側お
よび交流系統側に切換可能に接続された電気ヒータを設
け、この電気ヒータを熱源として水蒸気分離器の包蔵水
を起動に好通な温度に加熱するよう構成した．その結果
、従来装置で必要とした起動抵抗器が排除されて装１の
構成が簡素化されるとともに、起動抵抗器によって従来
無駄に消費されていた起動時の発生電力を飽和水蒸気の
生成および燃料電池の加温に有効に利用して装置の起動
を行うことができる．したがって、構成が簡素化され、
かつ省資源化された燃料電池発電装置を経済的に有利に
提供することができる．Electric heater 21A. 21B is! Magnetic switch 23A. 23B
is connected to the power system 15 side of the load switch l4 via
It can receive power from the power system 15, and also supplies generated power at startup from the output side of the orthogonal converter y113 via the electromagnetic switch 24, AC voltage regulator 26, and electromagnetic switches 25A, 2.5B. It is configured so that it can be done.
In addition, the electric heater can be used without installing the heating Wi ring system 6.
It may be placed inside. The on/off control of the electric heater at the time of startup of the embodiment device configured as described above is performed by first turning on/off the switches 23A and 23B with the DC switch 12 and the load switch 4 open.
Close the electric heater 21^, 21 from the power grid l5 side.
AC power is supplied to B, and the stored water B in the steam separator 3 is heated by the heating circulation system 6. In addition, the cooling water circulation system 4 circulates the contained water 8 as a heating medium to the fuel cell 1 to preheat it to the lowest temperature at which the fuel cell can be started, and sends the generated saturated steam 9 to the steam reforming system 2 to provide raw fuel. Start steam reforming. When the amount of fuel gas supplied to the fuel cell 1 increases, the DC switch 12 is closed to start the orthogonal conversion device 13, and the electromagnetic switch 23A. 23B is opened, and the electromagnetic switches 24 and 25A are closed instead.
The voltage of the converted AC power is adjusted by a voltage regulator 26 and then supplied to the electric heater 21A. In this state, fuel cell 1
Since heat generated by power generation is generated, this heat generated by power generation and the generated electric power, which was wasted in the past, can be effectively used to heat the battery and generate fuel gas. When the electric power supplied to the electric heater 21A exceeds its capacity, the electromagnetic switch 25B is closed and the electric heater 21B is energized to further promote battery heating and fuel gas generation. When the generated power reaches the fuel cell's rated output of about 173, steady operation is possible without the help of the electric heater, so the electromagnetic switch 24 is opened and the circulation pump of the heating circulation system 6 is stopped, and the load is switched on and off. The startup operation is completed by closing the container l4. [Effects of the Invention] As described above, the present invention includes an electric heater that is switchably connected to the output AC side and the AC system side of the orthogonal conversion device, and uses this electric heater as a heat source to start the stored water of the steam separator. It was designed to heat to a temperature suitable for As a result, the starting resistor required in conventional devices has been eliminated, simplifying the configuration of device 1, and the power generated during starting, which was previously wasted due to the starting resistor, can be used to generate saturated steam and fuel. This can be effectively used to warm the battery and start the device. Therefore, the configuration is simplified and
In addition, it is possible to provide an economically advantageous fuel cell power generation device that saves resources.
Claims (1)
た水冷式燃料電池と、原燃料の水蒸気改質系に飽和水蒸
気を供給する水蒸気分離器とが冷却水循環系により相互
に連結され、発電運転中は燃料電池の発生熱を熱源とし
て前記水蒸気分離器が飽和水蒸気を発生するものにおい
て、前記直交変換装置の出力交流側および交流系統側に
切換可能に接続され、前記燃料電池の起動時における発
生電力を供給源の一部として発熱する電気ヒータを備え
、この電気ヒータを熱源として前記水蒸気分離器の包蔵
水を起動に好適な所定温度に加熱することを特徴とする
燃料電池発電装置。1) A water-cooled fuel cell whose output side is connected to an AC system via an orthogonal conversion device and a steam separator that supplies saturated steam to a raw fuel steam reforming system are interconnected by a cooling water circulation system to generate electricity. During operation, the steam separator generates saturated steam using the heat generated by the fuel cell as a heat source, and is switchably connected to the output AC side and the AC system side of the orthogonal conversion device, and when the fuel cell is started up. A fuel cell power generation device comprising an electric heater that generates heat using generated power as part of a supply source, and using the electric heater as a heat source to heat stored water in the steam separator to a predetermined temperature suitable for startup.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1051611A JPH02230666A (en) | 1989-03-03 | 1989-03-03 | Fuel cell power generating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1051611A JPH02230666A (en) | 1989-03-03 | 1989-03-03 | Fuel cell power generating system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02230666A true JPH02230666A (en) | 1990-09-13 |
Family
ID=12891702
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1051611A Pending JPH02230666A (en) | 1989-03-03 | 1989-03-03 | Fuel cell power generating system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02230666A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000294263A (en) * | 1999-04-08 | 2000-10-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system and heating method for fuel cell |
| WO2006094393A1 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-14 | Hyteon Inc. | Combined heat and power system |
| JP2010282831A (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2010-12-16 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60172175A (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1985-09-05 | Hitachi Ltd | Load control device of fuel cell system |
| JPS6185775A (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-05-01 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel battery power generating system |
-
1989
- 1989-03-03 JP JP1051611A patent/JPH02230666A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60172175A (en) * | 1984-02-17 | 1985-09-05 | Hitachi Ltd | Load control device of fuel cell system |
| JPS6185775A (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1986-05-01 | Toshiba Corp | Fuel battery power generating system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000294263A (en) * | 1999-04-08 | 2000-10-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel cell system and heating method for fuel cell |
| WO2006094393A1 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-14 | Hyteon Inc. | Combined heat and power system |
| JP2010282831A (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2010-12-16 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
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