JPH0219159B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0219159B2 JPH0219159B2 JP55175196A JP17519680A JPH0219159B2 JP H0219159 B2 JPH0219159 B2 JP H0219159B2 JP 55175196 A JP55175196 A JP 55175196A JP 17519680 A JP17519680 A JP 17519680A JP H0219159 B2 JPH0219159 B2 JP H0219159B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- methanol
- nitrate
- compounds
- ether
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- AGCQZYRSTIRJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCOCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O AGCQZYRSTIRJFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LYAGTVMJGHTIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O LYAGTVMJGHTIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound O=N(=O)OCCON(=O)=O UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XSCGAZKWNYKQMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-butoxy-2-ethoxyethyl) nitrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)OCC XSCGAZKWNYKQMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 141
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- GDNQXPDYGNUKII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethyl nitrate Chemical compound CCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O GDNQXPDYGNUKII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- -1 e.g. Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 3
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ABSDZQDZDHJMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibutoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(O)COCCCC ABSDZQDZDHJMPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSYGRUUFKPLTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxybutyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(CC)COC(O)=O FSYGRUUFKPLTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQXMBZPLNQCFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O ZQXMBZPLNQCFKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisoamyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)CCOCCC(C)C AQZGPSLYZOOYQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic aldehyde Chemical compound CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002092 orthoester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- SQYNKIJPMDEDEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N paraldehyde Chemical compound CC1OC(C)OC(C)O1 SQYNKIJPMDEDEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960003868 paraldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDQXKKFRNOPRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-triethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)(OCC)OCC NDQXKKFRNOPRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDPNBNXLBDFELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)(OC)OC HDPNBNXLBDFELL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSFOOCQEJQKBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dihexyloxyethane Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(C)OCCCCCC VSFOOCQEJQKBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEVZIKFSVBYKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,1-dibutoxyethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)(OCCCC)OCCCC UEVZIKFSVBYKAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butoxyethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCCC GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGJBIFUEFLWXJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(dibutoxymethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOC(OCCCC)OCCCC SGJBIFUEFLWXJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFBZPRXNUFHLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(tributoxymethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOC(OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC GFBZPRXNUFHLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMRPYOJZGIJGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethoxyethyl nitrate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)CO[N+]([O-])=O VMRPYOJZGIJGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical group CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003855 acyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OFCQLMQFPZNAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethyl nitrate Chemical compound O([N+](=O)[O-])COCC OFCQLMQFPZNAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IDNUEBSJWINEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl nitrate Chemical compound CCO[N+]([O-])=O IDNUEBSJWINEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- NFMHSPWHNQRFNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hyponitrous acid Chemical compound ON=NO NFMHSPWHNQRFNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPJKMVATUPSWOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrooxidanyl Chemical compound [O][N+]([O-])=O YPJKMVATUPSWOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004905 tetrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Description
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TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to fuels, and in particular to fuels for compression ignition internal combustion engines. The use of methanol as a fuel suffers from the disadvantage that we are not aware that it can be used as such in conventional compression ignition internal combustion engines, commonly known as diesel engines. . On the other hand, it is desirable to use methanol as a fuel, since this can be obtained from coal, of which there are large resources in many Western countries, particularly in the Union of South Africa. Recently, the use of ethanol as a fuel has become extremely important due to the high cost of fuels from petroleum. The fuel for a compression ignition internal combustion engine according to the present invention comprises: (A) at least one alcohol having an average molecular weight of 160 or less; and (B) a compound containing (i) one nitrate radical and at least two ether bonds; and (ii) at least one other organic compound selected from compounds containing two nitrate radicals and at least one ether bond, or a mixture of compounds that together have an autoignition temperature of 450°C or less. Consists of 10% by volume or less (calculated based on the above alcohol). According to the present invention, the method for operating a compression ignition internal combustion engine includes (A) at least one alcohol having an average molecular weight of 160 or less, and (B) (i) one nitrate group and at least two ether bonds. Compounds containing, and
(ii) at least one other organic compound selected from compounds containing two nitrate radicals and at least one ether bond, or which together have an autoignition temperature;
It consists of injecting and/or introducing into the engine up to 10% by volume (calculated on the basis of said alcohol) of two components of a mixture of compounds having a temperature of up to 450°C. These components of the fuel can be injected and/or inhaled as a mixture or can be injected and/or inhaled separately from separate containers. Generally, the engine can be a compression ignition internal combustion engine. When mixed with the alcohol, the other organic compounds described above have been found to enhance the compression ignition properties of the alcohol as a compression ignition fuel. These alcohols can therefore be made commercially available in naturally inhaled form by the addition of other organic compounds, if no organic compounds are added to them and they are less suitable or unsuitable for use as such fuels. The performance can be improved to form a fuel suitable for compression additive internal combustion engines. Alcohols that are improved in this way can therefore be used in naturally aspirated commercial compression ignition internal combustion engines without additional energy inputs such as heated air intake and/or
or operate as a fuel without auxiliary equipment, turbo charge, spark ignition, unusually high compression ratios or other additional energy sources and/or auxiliary equipment, provided that such energy sources and/or auxiliary equipment may can be used. Other organic compounds, if added in increasing amounts to the fuel according to the invention, can only be used in naturally aspirated compression ignition internal combustion engines, but they increase the power and improve the performance of said internal combustion engines. It acts to make the engine rotate more smoothly. In particular, if organic compound B contains these two nitrate groups and ether bonds, these particular compounds have been found to be particularly suitable as ignition improvers for alcoholic fuels. Generally, the alcohol or mixture of alcohols forming component (A) has an average molecular weight of 90 or less. Particularly preferred alcohols are methanol and ethanol. Component (B) is an organic compound or a mixture of organic compounds having a spontaneous ignition temperature of 450°C or less. The term "auto-ignition temperature" refers to the lowest temperature at which a substance will ignite itself in air. Organic compounds forming component (B) and which can be mixed with the alcohol are oxygen-containing organic compounds and the aforementioned nitrogen-containing compounds, some of which contain both nitrogen and oxygen. Examples of oxygen-containing compounds 1 which can be used as component (B) are other alcohols, ethers, peroxides, hydroperoxides, formula: R-(CO)-R', where R and R' are suitable organic residues. acyl compounds, one of which can be a hydrogen atom), cyclic ethers having one or more oxygen atoms in the ring, and esters. An ether bond is a bond in which an oxygen atom connects two carbon atoms. The ether linkage of the oxygen compound 1 which can be used as component (B) according to the invention can be present in any of the following formulas: where R 1 and R 2 are each an alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. and R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 7 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or another organic group containing an ether bond, and optionally also other functional groups, e.g. , hydroxyl, carbonyl (other carbonyl-containing groups, e.g. carboxylic acid,
(to contain esters, aldehydes or carbonates), azo, and nitro, in particular o-nitro, and R 6 is H or any group represented by R 3 . The ether can be: (a) a single ether of the formula: R 1 -O-R 2 , such as diisoamyl ether, in which case R 1 and R 2
is -CH2CH2CH ( CH3 ) 2 (b) an alkoxy ether of the formula R3 -O- R1 , such as 1,2-dibutoxyethane, in which case R1
is -nC 4 H 9 and R 3 is -(CH 2 ) 2 -O-
nC4H9 . (c) Ether containing an ether bond between groups containing other functional groups of the formula: R3 -O- R4 . For example: diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, where R3 and R4 are -( CH2 ) 2 -O- CH3 . diethylene glycol monobutyl ether,
nC4H9OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH ; 1,3- dibutoxy - 2 - propanol , Ethyl-2-butoxyethyl carbonate (d) Formula: , ethers containing acetal and/or ketal groups. For example: (i) Acetaldehyde dihexyl acetal, where R 3 and R 4 are ânC 6 H 13 and R 5 is â
CH3 , and R6 is -H. (ii) Glyoxaltetrabutyl acetal (nC 4 H 9 O) 2 CH-CH (O-nC 4 H 9 ) 2 (iii) Glyoxal tetra(2-butoxyethyl) acetal (nC 4 H 9 OCH 2 CH 2 O) 2 CHâ
CH ( OCH2CH2O â nC4H9 ) 2 . (e) Formula:
ãåŒãã®ããªã«ããšã¹ãã«åºã
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(f) åŒïŒAn ether containing an orthoester group of the formula. For example: (i) triethyl orthoformate, in which case R 3 ,
R 4 and R 5 are -C 2 H 5 and R 6 is -H. (ii) Tributyl orthoacetate, R3 , R4 and R5 are -nC4H9 and R6 is -CH3 . (f) Formula:
ãåŒãã®ããªã«ãã«ãŒãããŒ
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(g) åŒïŒAn orthocarbonate-containing ether of the formula. For example: Tetrabutyl orthocarbonate, then
R3 , R4 , R5 and R7 are -nC4H9 . (g) Formula:
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A cyclic ether of the formula, in which R 8 can be a hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms, or a group R 3 as defined above
It can be an organic group containing other ether bonds and/or other functional groups as described for ~ R7 . For example: (i) tetrahydrofuran, where R 8 is â
(CH 2 ) 4 â. (ii) paraldehyde, in which case R 8 is
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[Formula]. (iii) Furfural, in which case R 8 is âCH=CHâ
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ãããšãã§ããã[Formula]. If component (B) contains a nitrate group and an ether linkage (i.e. "Compound 2" above), the ether linkage can be represented, for example, in one or more of the following forms: a single ether linkage, e.g. , 2-ethoxyethyl nitrate and 2'-butoxy-2-ethoxyethyl nitrate, b acetal or ketal group, e.g. 2,2-diethoxyethyl nitrate, c orthoester group, d orthocarbonate group, e cyclic Ethers such as 1,3-dioxane-5-nitrate. Nitrogen compounds 3 that can be used as component (B) include azo compounds and tetrazines (including those containing up to two organic residues substituted at each terminal nitrogen atom position), as well as those containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms. The following compounds containing both, namely nitroso compound (formula: R 9 -NO), nitro compound (formula: R 9 -NO 2 ), nitrate compound (formula: R 9 -
ONO 2 ), and hyponitrite (formula: R 9 â
ON=NOâ R10 ). In these formulas, R 9 and R 10 are organic groups. The proportions of components (A) and (B) can vary widely, for example from about 999,999 parts alcohol to 0.1 parts alcohol per 100 parts fuel mixture.
The balance can be varied to 50 parts, the remainder being other organic compounds, and generally more advantageously alcohol component 50 parts.
~99% present. Optionally up to 15% by weight of water may be added. Particular examples of compounds that can be mixed with methanol and/or ethanol are acetaldehyde, paraldehyde, tetrahydrofuran, nitromethane, propionaldehyde, 2-
Ethoxyethyl nitrate, 2-butoxyethyl nitrate, 2'-butoxy-2-ethoxy-
These are ethyl nitrate, diethylene glycol dinitrate, triethylene glycol dinitrate, and polyethylene glycol dinitrate with an average molecular weight of 400. When producing fuel, the fuel can be produced by mixing these components together.
Optionally, lubricants such as castor oil can also be added. Other organic, organometallic or inorganic substances that can be added to the fuel include, for example:
lubricants, stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors, ignition improvers, other fuels, fuel extenders and fuel additives. Fuel can be injected into the engine via a fuel injector and/or introduced into the engine via an air supply manifold. When an engine runs on fuel, these components are
It can be injected and/or introduced as a mixture or separately from separate containers. Optionally, injection can be carried out by first using a small amount and following up with a larger amount. Optionally the diesel fuel can be injected therefrom as a mixture with the fuel according to the invention or separately. EXAMPLES The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited by these Examples. Example 1 Various fuels were made by mixing together the components listed below. Then the mixture
It was introduced into a compression ignition internal combustion engine for testing. In all cases, ignition was found to occur on engine compression. The fuels tested had the following composition, percentages are by volume: 25% acetaldehyde and 75% methanol, 10% acetaldehyde and 90% methanol, 25% acetaldehyde, 74% methanol and 1% castor oil, 20% acetaldehyde, 70% methanol and 10% water, 20% acetaldehyde and 80% ethanol, 25% paraaldehyde and 75% methanol, 25% tetrahydrofuran and 75% methanol
%, nitromethane 20% and methanol 80%, acetaldehyde 10%, methanol 70% and diacetyl 20%, 2-butoxyethanol 50% and methanol
50%, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 50%
and methanol 50%, dioxane 50% and methanol 50%, acetylacetone 50% and methanol 50%. Example 2 Various fuels were made by mixing together the components listed below. Then the mixture
It was introduced into a compression ignition internal combustion engine for testing. It was found that in all cases ignition took place on compression of the engine, which rotated continuously. The fuel to be tested had the following composition. Percentages are in % by volume: (i) diethyl ether 50% methanol 50% (ii) di-iso-amyl ether 40% methanol 60% (iii) butyl carbitol (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether) 30% methanol 70% (iv) Glyoxaltetrabutyl acetal 20% Methanol 80% (v) Glyoxaltetra(2'-butoxyethyl)
Acetal 20% Methanol 80% (vi) Butyl carbitol 20% Triethyl orthoacetate 10% Methanol 70% (vii) Butyl carbitol 20% Tributyl orthoformate 10% Methanol 70% (viii) Butyl carbitol 10% Trimethyl orthoacetate 10% Methanol 70% (ix) Butyl carbitol 10% Paraaldehyde 10% Methanol 80% (x) Glyoxal Tetrahexylacetal 10% Paraaldehyde 10% Methanol 80% () Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether 20% Methanol 80% () Diethylene glycol Dimethyl ether 10% Paraaldehyde 10% Methanol 80% () 1,3-dibutoxy-2-propanol 20% Methanol 80% () 2-Ethoxyethyl nitrate 10% Methanol 90% () 2-Ethoxyethyl nitrate 4% Methanol 96% Example 3 Various fuels were made by mixing together the components listed below. Then the mixture
It was introduced into a compression ignition internal combustion engine for testing. It was found that in all cases ignition took place at the compression of the engine and that the engine rotated continuously under load. The fuel to be tested had the following composition. Percentages are volume percent. (i) 2-Ethoxymethyl nitrate 10% Methanol 90% (ii) 2-Butoxyethyl nitrate 10% Methanol 90% (iii) 2'-Butoxy-2-ethoxyethyl nitrate 10% Methanol 90% (iv) Diethylene glycol dinitrate 10% Methanol 90% (v) Triethylene glycol dinitrate 10% Methanol 90% (vi) Polyethylene glycol 400 Dinitrate 10% Methanol 90% (vii) Triethylene glycol dinitrate 4% Methanol 96 % (viii) Triethylene glycol dinitrate 4% Isopropanol 96% (ix) Triethylene glycol dinitrate 1% n-butanol 99% (x) Triethylene glycol dinitrate 3% Iso-amyl alcohol 97% () Triethylene glycol dinitrate 0.2% n-octanol 99.8% () Triethylene glycol dinitrate 4% Ethanol 67.2% Propanol 25.9% Butanol 2.4% Higher alcohol 0.5% () Triethylene glycol dinitrate 1.6% Methanol 0.8% Ethanol 1.6% Butanol 32% Pentanol 16% Octanol 32% Dodecanol 16% () Triethylene glycol dinitrate 5% Methanol 75% Ethanol 14% Propanol 5.4% Butanol 0.6% () Triethylene glycol dinitrate 9% Methanol 1% Acetone 90% () Triethylene glycol dinitrate 10% Methanol 10% Methyl formate 80% () Triethylene glycol dinitrate 5% Methanol 80% Furfural 15% () Triethylene glycol dinitrate 5% Methanol 80% Dimethyl carbonate 15% Example 4 Triethylene glycol dinitrate 5%,
A fuel consisting of 2% castor oil and 93% methanol was injected into a 7.45kw two-cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine connected to a generator. This fuel was found to be able to start the engine from room temperature (environmental temperature 10°C) and to rotate the engine sufficiently at its rated output. Example 5 Triethylene glycol dinitrate 10%,
A fuel consisting of 2% castor oil and 88% methanol was injected into a 3.5 liter four-cylinder diesel engine mounted on a truck, and another amount of methanol was introduced into the engine via the air intake manifold. Using this fuel, it was possible to drive the truck satisfactorily.
Claims (1)
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ãããïŒé ã«èšèŒã®çæã[Claims] 1. A fuel for a compression ignition internal combustion engine, comprising (A) at least one alcohol having an average molecular weight of 160 or less, and (B) (i) one nitrate group and at least two ether bonds. and (ii) at least one other organic compound selected from compounds containing two nitrate groups and at least one ether bond, or a plurality of compounds that together have a spontaneous ignition temperature of 450°C or less. Fuel consisting of a mixture of compounds of not more than 10% by volume (calculated on the basis of said alcohol). 2 The fuel contains a compound as component (B), i.e. 2'-
A fuel according to claim 1 containing butoxy-2-ethoxyethyl nitrate. 3. The fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fuel contains diethylene glycol dinitrate as component (B). 4. The fuel contains a compound, namely triethylene glycol dinitrate, as component (B).
The fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. The fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fuel contains polyethylene glycol dinitrate having an average molecular weight of 400 as component (B).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ZA796717 | 1979-12-11 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP1263160A Division JPH02245459A (en) | 1979-12-11 | 1989-10-11 | Operation method for internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS56159290A JPS56159290A (en) | 1981-12-08 |
JPH0219159B2 true JPH0219159B2 (en) | 1990-04-27 |
Family
ID=25574415
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP17519680A Granted JPS56159290A (en) | 1979-12-11 | 1980-12-11 | Fuel and internal combustion engine operation |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS56159290A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000509433A (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 2000-07-25 | ããŒããŒã»ã¢ã¢ã³ã»ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ | Power generation method in dimethyl ether fuel and dry low NO NO combustion system |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2792988B2 (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1998-09-03 | æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãžã§ã¢ãã¯ãã«ã«ãªãµãŒãã»ã³ã¿ãŒ | Fuel oil for diesel engines |
DE19843380A1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2000-03-23 | Kief Horst | Process for reducing the pollutant emissions from I.C. engines comprises adding glyoxal in an aqueous solution to the fuel |
JP7250304B2 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2023-04-03 | åœç«å€§åŠæ³äººå®€èå·¥æ¥å€§åŠ | Propellant for gas generator for turbine drive and method for producing the same |
-
1980
- 1980-12-11 JP JP17519680A patent/JPS56159290A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000509433A (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 2000-07-25 | ããŒããŒã»ã¢ã¢ã³ã»ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ | Power generation method in dimethyl ether fuel and dry low NO NO combustion system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS56159290A (en) | 1981-12-08 |
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