JPH02168803A - Electric vehicle - Google Patents

Electric vehicle

Info

Publication number
JPH02168803A
JPH02168803A JP63325464A JP32546488A JPH02168803A JP H02168803 A JPH02168803 A JP H02168803A JP 63325464 A JP63325464 A JP 63325464A JP 32546488 A JP32546488 A JP 32546488A JP H02168803 A JPH02168803 A JP H02168803A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
load
methanol
output
lead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP63325464A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kenji Sakamoto
研二 坂本
Katsuhiko Abe
克彦 阿部
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Industries Corp
Original Assignee
Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Ltd filed Critical Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Ltd
Priority to JP63325464A priority Critical patent/JPH02168803A/en
Publication of JPH02168803A publication Critical patent/JPH02168803A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
    • H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04544—Voltage
    • H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04574—Current
    • H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/04947—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent turning ON/OFF of a fuel cell and to lengthen service life by connecting a constant load corresponding to the lowest output of a fuel cell and regulating the output of the fuel cell according to the charged condition of an auxiliary cell. CONSTITUTION:Output from a fuel cell 2 is fed through a DC/DC converter 3 to a traveling motor 5a, a load/unload pump motor 5b and a hydraulic pump drive motor 37b, and it is also employed for charging of a lead battery 4. The hydraulic pump drive motor 37b is a fixed load heavier than the lowest output of the fuel cell. A controller 39 detects the charged condition of the lead battery 4 through a voltage detector 43, a current sensor 44 and a temperature sensor 45, then the controller 39 controls the fuel cell 2 correspondingly. Since there is a fixed load heavier than the lowest output of the fuel cell 2, the fuel cell is not shut off even upon finish of charging of the lead battery 4.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 ［産業上の利用分野］ この発明は電気車に係り、詳しくは、燃料電池と補助電
池を搭載した電気車に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an electric vehicle, and more particularly, to an electric vehicle equipped with a fuel cell and an auxiliary battery.

［従来技術］ 従来から水素と酸素により電気を発生させる燃料電池が
あり、この水素をメタノールの改質反応により得る方法
がある。即ら、メタノールと水とを原料として高温触媒
下で、水素を生成するものである。そして、この改質装
置を備えた燃料電池をフォークリア１〜等の車両に搭載
（した場合には、補助電池として鉛蓄電池を搭載し、改
質装置を備えた燃料電池から走行用モータや荷役用ポン
プモータ等の負荷への出力電流の余剰分を鉛蓄電池に充
電し、又、鉛蓄電池は燃料電池から負荷への出力電流の
不足分を放電する。そして、負荷がなく、かつ鉛蓄電池
が満充電状態に達した状態で、さらに、当該燃料電池が
連続して発電を続けると燃料電池からの出力は全て鉛蓄
電池（補助電池）に充電されることになり、鉛蓄電池（
補助電池）は過充電されてしまう。この過充電を防ぐた
めには燃料電池の発電を停止しなければならない。[Prior Art] Conventionally, there have been fuel cells that generate electricity using hydrogen and oxygen, and there is a method of obtaining this hydrogen through a reforming reaction of methanol. That is, hydrogen is produced using methanol and water as raw materials under a high-temperature catalyst. Then, the fuel cell equipped with this reformer is installed in a vehicle such as a forklift truck 1~ (in that case, a lead-acid battery is installed as an auxiliary battery, and the fuel cell equipped with the reformer is used to power the driving motor or cargo handling). The excess output current to the load such as a fuel pump motor is charged to the lead-acid battery, and the lead-acid battery discharges the insufficient output current from the fuel cell to the load.Then, when there is no load and the lead-acid battery is If the fuel cell continues to generate electricity in a fully charged state, all output from the fuel cell will be charged to the lead-acid battery (auxiliary battery), and the lead-acid battery (auxiliary battery) will be charged.
(auxiliary battery) will be overcharged. In order to prevent this overcharging, the power generation of the fuel cell must be stopped.

「発明が解決しようとする課題」 しかし、上述した電気車においては、負荷がなく、かつ
鉛蓄電池（補助電池）が満充電状態になる毎に燃料電池
がオン・オフ（起動及び駆動停止）され、メタノール改
質装置と燃料電池において加熱・冷却が頻繁に繰返し行
なわれ、熱的疲労によりシテ命を短くしてしまう。``Problem to be solved by the invention'' However, in the electric vehicle described above, the fuel cell is turned on and off (started and stopped) every time there is no load and the lead acid battery (auxiliary battery) is fully charged. Heating and cooling are frequently repeated in methanol reformers and fuel cells, which shortens the life of the fuel cell due to thermal fatigue.

この発明の目的は、長寿命化に優れた電気車を提供する
ことにある。An object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle with an excellent long life.

［課題を解決するための手段］ この発明は、メタノールと水とを原料として高温雰囲気
触媒下で水素を生成するメタノール改質装置と、その水
素と酸素により電気を発生させる燃料電池と、車両の運
転状態により負荷状態が変化する変動負荷と、前記燃料
電池から前記変動負荷への出力電流の余剰分を充電する
とともに、当該燃料電池から変動負荷への出力電流の不
足分を放電する補助電池とを備え、前記補助電池の充電
状態に応じて前記燃料電池の出力を制御するようにした
電気車において、 前記変動負荷に対し並列に接続され、少なくとも前記燃
料電池の発電時には当該燃料電池の最低出力状態におい
て前記変動負荷と独立した一定の負荷が加わっている第
２の負荷を備えてなる電気車をその要旨とするものであ
る。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides a methanol reformer that uses methanol and water as raw materials to generate hydrogen under a catalyst in a high temperature atmosphere, a fuel cell that generates electricity from the hydrogen and oxygen, and a vehicle. A variable load whose load state changes depending on the operating state, and an auxiliary battery that charges the excess output current from the fuel cell to the variable load and discharges the insufficient output current from the fuel cell to the variable load. and is configured to control the output of the fuel cell according to the state of charge of the auxiliary battery, the electric vehicle being connected in parallel to the variable load, and at least when the fuel cell is generating power, the minimum output of the fuel cell is controlled. The gist of the electric vehicle is an electric vehicle comprising a second load to which a constant load independent of the variable load is applied in the state.

［作用］ 負荷状態が変化する変動負荷と、少なくとも燃料電池の
発電時には当該燃料電池の最低出力による発電続行のた
めの負荷が加わっている第２の負荷が備えられ、燃料電
池の出力は補助電池の充電状態に応じて制御している。[Function] A variable load whose load state changes and a second load that is added to at least a load to continue power generation at the minimum output of the fuel cell when the fuel cell is generating power are provided, and the output of the fuel cell is transferred to the auxiliary battery. It is controlled according to the charging status of the battery.

即ち、補助電池が満充電状態になければ燃料電池は最低
出力で発電を行なっていることになる。その状態におい
て、変動負荷の負荷状態が減少しても、第２の負荷が作
動し燃料電池が停止することなく発電を続（プても補助
電池は過充電されることがない。In other words, if the auxiliary battery is not fully charged, the fuel cell is generating power at the lowest output. In this state, even if the load condition of the variable load decreases, the second load operates and the fuel cell continues to generate electricity without stopping, but the auxiliary battery is not overcharged.

［実施例］ 以下、この発明を具体化した一実施例を図面に従って説
明する。[Example] An example embodying the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

本実施例はメタノール改質装置を備えた燃料電池をフｌ
−クリア１〜に搭載にしたものであり、当該改質装置を
備えた燃料電池と補助電池にて走行用モータと荷役用ポ
ンプモータか駆動されるようになっている。This example is a fuel cell equipped with a methanol reformer.
- It is installed on Clear 1~, and the traveling motor and cargo handling pump motor are driven by the fuel cell and auxiliary battery equipped with the reformer.

第１図は電源供給系を示し、全体としてメタンル改質装
置１と燃料電池２とＤＣ／ＤＣＩンバータ３と補助電池
としての鉛蓄電池４と走行用直流モータ５ａと荷役用ポ
ンプ廿−夕５ｂとから構成されている。Fig. 1 shows a power supply system, which as a whole includes a methanol reformer 1, a fuel cell 2, a DC/DCI inverter 3, a lead acid battery 4 as an auxiliary battery, a DC motor 5a for driving, and a cargo handling pump 5b. It consists of

水タンク６の水は水ポンプ７の駆動により混合器８に供
給されるとともに、メタノールタンク９のメタノールは
メタノールポンプ１０の駆動により混合器８に供給され
、この混合器８にて水とメタノールが混合され、メタノ
ール改質装置１に供給される。The water in the water tank 6 is supplied to the mixer 8 by driving the water pump 7, and the methanol in the methanol tank 9 is supplied to the mixer 8 by driving the methanol pump 10. In this mixer 8, water and methanol are mixed. The mixture is mixed and supplied to the methanol reformer 1.

メタノール改質装置１は第３図及び第３図のへ−Ａ断面
を示す第４図に示ずように、円筒形をなすフレーム１１
には断熱材１２が配置されている。The methanol reforming apparatus 1 has a cylindrical frame 11, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG.
A heat insulating material 12 is arranged.

そのフレーム１１内には触媒＠１３が同心円子に複数立
設され、触媒層１３の中には改質触媒１４が充填されて
いる。この改質触媒１４としてはＣｕｏ、ｚｎｏ系触媒
が使用される。又、前記混合器８にて混合されたメタノ
ール／水の改質原料はメタノール改質装置１のフレーム
１１内に改質原料供給管１５を介して供給される。その
改質原料供給管１５はフレーム１１内の中心部に螺旋状
に延設され、さらに、分岐部１６から各触媒層１３の底
部に接続されている。各触媒層１３の上端部は集合され
て水素排出管１７にて外部に連通している。A plurality of catalysts @13 are arranged concentrically in the frame 11, and a reforming catalyst 14 is filled in the catalyst layer 13. As the reforming catalyst 14, a Cuo or ZNO type catalyst is used. Further, the methanol/water reforming raw material mixed in the mixer 8 is supplied into the frame 11 of the methanol reformer 1 via the reforming raw material supply pipe 15. The reforming material supply pipe 15 extends spirally in the center of the frame 11, and is further connected to the bottom of each catalyst layer 13 from a branch part 16. The upper end of each catalyst layer 13 is assembled and communicated with the outside through a hydrogen discharge pipe 17.

フレーム１１の内筒上部にはバーナー８が設りられ、そ
のバーナー８にはブロワ１９にて空気（酸素）が供給さ
れるとともメタノールポンプ２０にて前記メタノールタ
ンク９からメタノールが供給される。そして、メタノー
ル改質装置１の起動時の昇温の際にはバーナー８により
メタンルが空気中の酸素にて燃焼してその高温の燃焼ガ
スは内筒部を通過し前記改質原料供給管１５内のメタノ
ール／水の改質原料を加熱するとともに、外筒を通過し
各触媒層１３を加熱して排気通路２１から外部に排出さ
れる。A burner 8 is provided in the upper part of the inner cylinder of the frame 11, and the burner 8 is supplied with air (oxygen) by a blower 19 and methanol from the methanol tank 9 by a methanol pump 20. When the temperature rises at the time of startup of the methanol reformer 1, the burner 8 burns methanol with oxygen in the air, and the high-temperature combustion gas passes through the inner cylinder section and passes through the reforming raw material supply pipe 15. The methanol/water reforming raw material inside is heated, and it passes through the outer cylinder, heats each catalyst layer 13, and is discharged to the outside from the exhaust passage 21.

さらに、バーナ１Ｂには燃料電池２の未反応水素が供給
され、メタノール改質装置１の昇温が終了した後におい
てはこの水素が前記ブロア１９により供給される空気中
の酸素にて燃焼してその高温の燃焼ガスが前記改質原料
供給管１５を加熱するとともに、各触媒層１３を加熱す
る。即ち、メタノール改質装置１の昇温時はメタノール
炎にて触媒層１３を加熱し、−旦反応温度の約３２０′
Ｃに達し、メタノール改質反応が行なわれた後は、メタ
ノール炎を停止し、燃料電池２からの未反応水素による
水素炎に切換え改質反応に必要な熱を供給する。そして
、燃焼ガスはメタノール改質装置１の内筒から外筒を通
過し、排気通路２１から外部に排出される。Further, unreacted hydrogen from the fuel cell 2 is supplied to the burner 1B, and after the temperature of the methanol reformer 1 has finished rising, this hydrogen is combusted by the oxygen in the air supplied by the blower 19. The high-temperature combustion gas heats the reforming material supply pipe 15 and also heats each catalyst layer 13. That is, when the temperature of the methanol reformer 1 is raised, the catalyst layer 13 is heated with a methanol flame, and the temperature rises to approximately 320' above the reaction temperature.
After reaching C and the methanol reforming reaction has taken place, the methanol flame is stopped and switched to a hydrogen flame using unreacted hydrogen from the fuel cell 2 to supply the heat necessary for the reforming reaction. Then, the combustion gas passes from the inner cylinder of the methanol reformer 1 to the outer cylinder, and is discharged to the outside from the exhaust passage 21.

又、触媒層１３においては、上述したバーナ１８での燃
焼による高温雰囲気下においてメタノールと水とを原料
として改質触媒１４にて水素を生成する（ＣＨ３０Ｈ＋
Ｈ２０→３Ｈ２＋ＣＯ２−ΔＱ）。この水素生成反応は
吸熱反応であるた。In addition, in the catalyst layer 13, hydrogen is generated in the reforming catalyst 14 using methanol and water as raw materials in a high temperature atmosphere due to combustion in the burner 18 described above (CH30H+
H20→3H2+CO2−ΔQ). This hydrogen production reaction is an endothermic reaction.

めに加熱が必要となっている。Heating is required.

燃料電池２は、リン酸電解質２２を介して水素極２３と
酸素極２４が対向配置され、水素極２３側に前記メタノ
ール改質装置１により生成された水素が前記水素排出管
１７からフィルタ２５を介して供給される。又、酸素極
２４側にブロワ２６により空気（酸素）が供給される。In the fuel cell 2, a hydrogen electrode 23 and an oxygen electrode 24 are disposed facing each other with a phosphoric acid electrolyte 22 in between, and hydrogen generated by the methanol reformer 1 is passed from the hydrogen discharge pipe 17 to the filter 25 on the hydrogen electrode 23 side. Supplied via Further, air (oxygen) is supplied to the oxygen electrode 24 side by a blower 26.

さらに、この燃料電池２には該燃料電池２を加熱及び冷
却するための熱交換器（オイル管）２７が配置され、こ
の管内にはオイルポンプ２Ｂの駆動により熱交換器２９
及びオイルタンク３０を介してオイルが循環される。熱
交換器２９には起動用バーナ３１が設けられ、メタノー
ルポンプ３２により前記メタノールタンク９からメタノ
ールが供給されるとともにブロワ３３により空気が供給
される。そして、燃料電池２の起動時には起動用バーナ
３１にてメタノールが燃焼してオイルが加熱され、オイ
ルが循環され燃料電池２が約１００℃付近まで昇温され
る。Furthermore, a heat exchanger (oil pipe) 27 for heating and cooling the fuel cell 2 is arranged in this fuel cell 2, and a heat exchanger 29 is installed in this pipe by driving the oil pump 2B.
Oil is circulated through the oil tank 30 and the oil tank 30. The heat exchanger 29 is provided with a starting burner 31, to which methanol is supplied from the methanol tank 9 by a methanol pump 32 and air is supplied by a blower 33. When starting up the fuel cell 2, methanol is burned in the starting burner 31 to heat the oil, the oil is circulated, and the temperature of the fuel cell 2 is raised to around 100°C.

燃料電池２の温度が約１００’Ｃに達すると発電が開始
される。燃料電池２は発電を開始すると発熱反応により
温度が上昇するが反応に適正な温度は１９０’Ｃ±２０
’Ｃ付近であり、その温度範囲内に温度制御する必要が
おる。燃料電池２の冷却はブロワ３３を駆動し、熱交換
器２９にて循環するオイルが冷却することにより行なわ
れ、燃料電池２の昇温はメタノールポンプ３２とブロワ
３３を駆動するとともに起動用バーナ３１によりメタノ
ール炎を着火し、熱交換器２９にて循環するオイルを加
熱することにより行なわれる。When the temperature of the fuel cell 2 reaches approximately 100'C, power generation begins. When the fuel cell 2 starts generating electricity, the temperature rises due to an exothermic reaction, but the appropriate temperature for the reaction is 190'C±20
It is around 'C, and it is necessary to control the temperature within that temperature range. The fuel cell 2 is cooled by driving the blower 33 and the oil circulating in the heat exchanger 29 is cooled, and the temperature of the fuel cell 2 is raised by driving the methanol pump 32 and the blower 33 and by driving the starting burner 31. This is done by igniting a methanol flame and heating the oil circulating in the heat exchanger 29.

又、燃料電池２においては、メタノール改質装置１から
供給される水素とブロワ２６により供給される空気（酸
素〉にＪ：り水素極２３と酸素極２４との間に起電力が
発生する。又、水素の未反応物は逆火防止器３４を介し
て前記メタノール改質装置１のバーナー８に戻される。Further, in the fuel cell 2, an electromotive force is generated between the hydrogen electrode 23 and the oxygen electrode 24 due to hydrogen supplied from the methanol reformer 1 and air (oxygen) supplied by the blower 26. Further, unreacted hydrogen is returned to the burner 8 of the methanol reformer 1 via the flashback preventer 34.

燃料電池２の画電極はＤ　Ｃ／Ｄ　Ｃコンバータ３に接
続されている。又、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３の出力端子
間には鉛蓄電池４を介して車両の走行用モータ５ａと荷
役用ポンプモータ５ｂが接続されている。走行用モータ
５ａは切替コンタクタ（前進用、後進用＞３５ａ、３５
ｂが並列に接続されるとともに、走行用モータ５ａに対
しトランジスタ丁ｒが直列に接続されている。又、接続
点ａ、ｂにはフライホイールダイオードＤ１．Ｄ２が接
続されている。そして、運転席に設けた前後進レバーの
操作によりいずれかの切替コンタクタ３５ａ、３５ｂが
閉路されるとともに、運転席に設けたアクセルペダルの
操作により１〜ランジスタＴｒがチョッパ制御されるこ
とにより走行用モータ５ａが前進又は後進側に所定の速
度で制御されるようになっている。The picture electrode of the fuel cell 2 is connected to a DC/DC converter 3. Further, a vehicle running motor 5a and a cargo handling pump motor 5b are connected between the output terminals of the DC/DC converter 3 via a lead acid battery 4. The traveling motor 5a has a switching contactor (for forward, for reverse>35a, 35
The transistors b are connected in parallel, and the transistors r are connected in series to the traveling motor 5a. Furthermore, flywheel diodes D1. D2 is connected. Then, one of the switching contactors 35a and 35b is closed by operating the forward/reverse lever provided at the driver's seat, and chopper control is performed on the transistors 1 to Tr by operating the accelerator pedal provided at the driver's seat, thereby switching the switching contactors 35a and 35b for driving. The motor 5a is controlled to move forward or backward at a predetermined speed.

又、運転席に設けたリフｌ−レバーの操作によりスイッ
チング回路３６が閉路して荷役用ポンプモータ５ｂが駆
動されて作動油をリフ１〜シリンダに供給してフォーク
の上昇動作を行なわせる。Further, the switching circuit 36 is closed by the operation of the rif l-lever provided at the driver's seat, and the cargo handling pump motor 5b is driven to supply hydraulic oil to the rif 1 to the cylinders to raise the fork.

又、前後進レバーをニュー１〜ラルから前進又は後進に
操作するとコンタクタ３７ａが閉路になり、パワーステ
アリングの油圧ポンプ駆動用モータ３７ｂが駆動しパワ
ステに油圧を供給する。Further, when the forward/reverse lever is operated from neutral 1 to forward or reverse, the contactor 37a closes, and the power steering hydraulic pump drive motor 37b is driven to supply hydraulic pressure to the power steering.

そして、本実施例では走行用モータ５ａと荷役用ポンプ
モータ５ｂとをその運転状態で負荷状態が変化すること
から変動負荷とし、前記パワーステアリングの油圧ポン
プ駆動用モータ３７ｂを第２の負荷としている。In this embodiment, the traveling motor 5a and the cargo handling pump motor 5b are used as variable loads because their load conditions change depending on their operating conditions, and the hydraulic pump drive motor 37b of the power steering is used as a second load. .

システム全体を制御するコン１〜ローン３９は前記各ブ
１」ワ１９，２６．３３、ポンプ７．１０゜２０．２８
．３２を駆動制御するとともに、メタノール改質装置１
の触媒温度を検出する温度センサ４０からの信号と燃料
電池２の温度を検出する温度センサ４１からの信号を入
力して各温度を検知する。又、コン１〜ローラ３９は電
圧検出部４２による燃料電池２の出力電圧ＶＦＣを検知
するとともに、電圧検出部４３による鉛蓄電池４の端子
電圧ｖｂを検知する。又、コン１ヘローラ３９は電流セ
ン１）−４，４による鉛蓄電池４の充放電電流Ｈｂを検
知するとともに、温度センサ４５による鉛蓄電池４の温
度を検知する。The controllers 1 to 39 that control the entire system are the above-mentioned blowers 19, 26.33 and pumps 7.10° and 20.28.
．． 32, and the methanol reformer 1
A signal from a temperature sensor 40 that detects the catalyst temperature of the fuel cell 2 and a signal from a temperature sensor 41 that detects the temperature of the fuel cell 2 are input to detect each temperature. Further, the controller 1 to the roller 39 detect the output voltage VFC of the fuel cell 2 by the voltage detection section 42, and also detect the terminal voltage vb of the lead acid battery 4 by the voltage detection section 43. Further, the controller 1 roller 39 detects the charging/discharging current Hb of the lead-acid battery 4 by the current sensors 1)-4, 4, and detects the temperature of the lead-acid battery 4 by the temperature sensor 45.

さらに、コン１〜ローラ３９はＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３
に燃料電池２からの出力電流指令値を出力するとともに
、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３と鉛蓄電池４との間に設けら
れた負荷コンタクタ４６を開閉制御する。Furthermore, the controller 1 to the roller 39 are the DC/DC converter 3
It outputs the output current command value from the fuel cell 2, and also controls the opening and closing of the load contactor 46 provided between the DC/DC converter 3 and the lead acid battery 4.

次に、このシステムの起動制御を説明する。Next, the startup control of this system will be explained.

まず、コントローラ３９はメタノール改質装置１の触媒
温度が改質反応可能な最低温度（約２５ｏ’ｃ＞に達す
るまでの間、メタノールポンプ２０とブロワ１９を駆動
してメタノールをバー−Ｊｉ８で燃焼さＶ触媒層１３を
昇温する。同時に、コントローラ３９は燃料電池２が発
電可能な最低温度（約１００’Ｃ）に達するまでの間、
メタノールポンプ３２とブロワ３３を駆動して起動用バ
ーナ３１でメタノールを燃焼させ、オイルポンプ２８に
よりオイルを循環させ燃料電池２を昇温させる。First, the controller 39 drives the methanol pump 20 and the blower 19 until the catalyst temperature of the methanol reformer 1 reaches the minimum temperature at which a reforming reaction is possible (approximately 25 o'c>) to combust methanol in the bar-Ji8. The temperature of the V catalyst layer 13 is raised.At the same time, the controller 39 raises the temperature of the fuel cell 2 until it reaches the lowest temperature (approximately 100'C) at which it can generate electricity.
The methanol pump 32 and blower 33 are driven to burn methanol with the starting burner 31, and the oil pump 28 circulates oil to raise the temperature of the fuel cell 2.

そして、コントローラ３９はメタノール改質装置１で改
質反応可能な最低温度（約２５０°Ｃ）に達するととも
に燃料電池２が発電可能な最低温度（約１００℃）に達
すると、水ポンプ７とメタノールポンプ１０を駆動し、
メタノール改質装置１に改質原料の供給を開始する。す
ると、メタツル改質装置１の改質触媒１４で改質された
水素はフィルタ２５を経由して燃料電池２に供給される
。Then, when the methanol reformer 1 reaches the lowest temperature (approximately 250°C) at which a reforming reaction is possible and the fuel cell 2 reaches the minimum temperature (approximately 100°C) at which it can generate electricity, the controller 39 controls the water pump 7 and the methanol Drive the pump 10;
Supply of the reforming raw material to the methanol reformer 1 is started. Then, hydrogen reformed by the reforming catalyst 14 of the Metatsuru reformer 1 is supplied to the fuel cell 2 via the filter 25.

この際、燃料電池２からの未反応水素は逆火防止器３４
を介してメタノール改質装置１のバーナ１８で燃焼させ
る。At this time, unreacted hydrogen from the fuel cell 2 is removed from the flashback preventer 34.
It is burned in the burner 18 of the methanol reformer 1 via the methanol reformer 1.

それ以後、コン１〜ローラ３９はメタノール改質装置１
のメタノールポンプ２０を停止しメタノール改質装置１
てのバー太１８の燃焼を未反応水素主体で行なわせる。After that, controller 1 to roller 39 are connected to methanol reformer 1.
The methanol pump 20 of the methanol reformer 1 is stopped.
The combustion of the burner 18 is performed mainly with unreacted hydrogen.

コン１ヘローラ３９は燃料電池２への水素供給が始まる
と同時にブロワ２６を駆動し空気（酸素）を供給する。The controller 1 fuel roller 39 drives the blower 26 to supply air (oxygen) at the same time that hydrogen supply to the fuel cell 2 begins.

水素と酸素の供給が始まると燃料電池２の両電極間にオ
ーブン電圧が発生する。コントローラ３９はオープン電
圧が規定の電圧に達した後、負荷コンタクタ４６を閉じ
て外部への電力供給を開始する。この時、コン１ヘロー
ラ３９はＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３に燃料電池２からの出
力電流指令値を出力し、Ｄ　Ｃ／Ｄ　Ｃコンバータ３は
その値に従って多段階に定電流出力制御を行なっている
。When the supply of hydrogen and oxygen begins, an oven voltage is generated between both electrodes of the fuel cell 2. After the open voltage reaches a specified voltage, the controller 39 closes the load contactor 46 and starts supplying power to the outside. At this time, the controller 1 roller 39 outputs the output current command value from the fuel cell 2 to the DC/DC converter 3, and the DC/DC converter 3 performs constant current output control in multiple stages according to the value.

さらに、フン１〜ローラ３９は鉛蓄電池４の端子電圧Ｖ
ｂと充放電電流Ｈと温度を常時検出することにより鉛蓄
電池４の充電状態を算出している。Furthermore, the terminal voltage V of the lead-acid battery 4 is
The state of charge of the lead-acid battery 4 is calculated by constantly detecting the charging/discharging current H and temperature.

ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３への出力電流指令値は鉛蓄電池
４の充電状態に相関して出力するようにしている。即ち
、鉛蓄電池４の放電が進んでいる場合には燃料電池２の
出力を最大側に設定し、鉛蓄電池４が充分に充電されて
いる場合には低出力側に設定している。コントローラ３
９は燃料電池２の発電が開始されると同時に起動用バー
ナ３１へのメタノール供給を停止し、ブロワ３３ににり
燃料電池２を冷却する。The output current command value to the DC/DC converter 3 is output in correlation with the state of charge of the lead acid battery 4. That is, when the lead-acid battery 4 is being discharged, the output of the fuel cell 2 is set to the maximum side, and when the lead-acid battery 4 is sufficiently charged, the output is set to the low output side. controller 3
At 9, the supply of methanol to the starting burner 31 is stopped at the same time that the fuel cell 2 starts generating electricity, and the blower 33 cools the fuel cell 2.

次に、この燃料電池２と鉛蓄電池４の運転方法を説明す
る。Next, a method of operating the fuel cell 2 and lead acid battery 4 will be explained.

燃料電池２の出力電力はＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３を経由
して走行用モータ５ａ等の負荷、又は、鉛蓄電池４に供
給されるわＣプであるが、Ｄ　Ｃ／ＤＣコンバータ３は
その出力を常に鉛蓄電池４の充電電圧ｖｂになるように
制御し、燃料電池２と鉛蓄電池４によるハイブリッド運
転を行なわぜる。The output power of the fuel cell 2 is supplied to the load such as the driving motor 5a or the lead acid battery 4 via the DC/DC converter 3. The charging voltage of the lead-acid battery 4 is always controlled to be Vb, and a hybrid operation using the fuel cell 2 and the lead-acid battery 4 is performed.

又、メタノール改質装置１、燃料電池２、ＤＣ／ＤＣコ
ンバータ３の出力は鉛蓄電池４の放電が進んでいる状態
では出力最大側にし、満充電状態になるにつれて低い出
力になるように制御している。In addition, the outputs of the methanol reformer 1, fuel cell 2, and DC/DC converter 3 are controlled to be at the maximum level when the lead-acid battery 4 is discharging, and to become lower as the battery becomes fully charged. ing.

そして、鉛蓄電池４においては燃料電池２から負荷への
出力電流の余剰分を充電し、負荷への出力電流の不足分
を放電する。The lead-acid battery 4 is charged with the excess output current from the fuel cell 2 to the load, and discharged with the insufficient output current to the load.

ここで、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３の出力電流をＩｃとし
、鉛蓄電池４の充放電電流をＩｂとし、変動負荷（走行
用モータ５ａ、荷役用ポンプモータ５ｂ）への電流をＩ
ｄ　　（−走行用モータ５ａへの電流Ｉｄａ十荷役用ポ
ンプモータ５ｂへの電流Ｉｄｂ）とし、第２の負荷（パ
ワーステアリングの油圧ポンプ駆動用モータ３７ｂ）へ
の電流をＩｅとすると、接続点Ｃにおいて次式が成立つ
。Here, the output current of the DC/DC converter 3 is Ic, the charging/discharging current of the lead acid battery 4 is Ib, and the current to the variable loads (travel motor 5a, cargo handling pump motor 5b) is I.
d (-current Ida to the travel motor 5a + current Idb to the cargo handling pump motor 5b), and current to the second load (power steering hydraulic pump drive motor 37b) to Ie, then the connection point C The following equation holds true.

１ｃ−Ｉｂ　＋Ｉｄ　十Ｉｅ 第２図を用いてＩｃ、Ｉｂ、Ｉｄ、Ｉｅのそれぞれの電
流収支の関係を代表的な５つの期間のパターンに分類し
て模式的に説明する。1c-Ib +Id 1Ie Using FIG. 2, the relationship between the current balances of Ic, Ib, Id, and Ie will be schematically explained by classifying them into five representative period patterns.

期間■においては、燃料電池２は最大定格で発電してお
り、Ｄ　Ｃ／Ｄ　Ｃコンバータ３からの出力電流Ｉｃも
最大のＩＣ＝１００Ａを出力している。In the period ■, the fuel cell 2 is generating power at the maximum rating, and the output current Ic from the DC/DC converter 3 is also the maximum, IC=100A.

この時、当該走行モータ５ａ等への変動負荷電流はＩｄ
＝１５０Ａを必要としているため不足分の５０Ａは鉛蓄
電池４が放電している。このとぎ、第２の負荷電流Ｉｅ
　＝ＯＡである。At this time, the variable load current to the traveling motor 5a etc. is Id
= 150A is required, so the lead acid battery 4 is discharging the shortfall of 50A. At this point, the second load current Ie
=OA.

期間■においては、期間■における変動負荷が減少した
ためく例えば、リフ１−は停止した状態）、ＩｄはＩｄ
÷１０Ａとなり、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３からの出力電
流ＩＣ＝１００Ａのうち余剰分である９０Ａは鉛蓄電池
４に充電されている。In period ■, because the variable load in period ■ has decreased, for example, riff 1- is in a stopped state), Id is
÷10A, and out of the output current IC=100A from the DC/DC converter 3, the surplus 90A is charged into the lead acid battery 4.

期間■においては、期間■が経過した後、鉛蓄電池４が
徐々に充電されることにより燃料電池２の出力が下がり
ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３からの出力電流■ｃ　＝５ＯＡ
となった状態である。期間■と同様にリフ１〜は停止し
た状態のままであり、変動負荷電流Ｊ（Ｉは１０Ａのみ
であり、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３からの出力電流ＩＣ＝
５０Ａの余剰分４．ＯＡは鉛蓄電池に充電されている。During the period ■, after the period ■ has elapsed, the output of the fuel cell 2 decreases as the lead acid battery 4 is gradually charged, and the output current from the DC/DC converter 3 c = 5OA
The situation is as follows. As in period ■, riffs 1~ remain in a stopped state, and the variable load current J (I is only 10A, and the output current IC from the DC/DC converter 3 =
50A surplus 4. OA is charged in a lead acid battery.

期間■においては、期間■が継続することにより鉛蓄電
池４の充電がさらに進み満充電状態となり、燃料電池の
発電を最低出力に落して運転している状態である。リフ
１〜は期間■〜■と同様に停止しているため、変動負荷
電流ｉｄは１０Ａのみである。ＤＣ／Ｃコンバータから
の出力は最低用ツノでおる２ＯＡを出力しているため余
剰分である１０Ａは鉛蓄電池４に充電している。この状
態を続けると鉛蓄電池４は過充電となるため鉛蓄電池４
の性能が劣化する。しかしながら、燃料電池２の最低出
力での発電はこれ以下にはできないために停止するしか
なく前記の問題があった。In period (2), as period (2) continues, charging of the lead-acid battery 4 further progresses to a fully charged state, and the fuel cell is operating with power generation reduced to the minimum output. Since the riff 1~ is stopped like the periods ■~■, the variable load current id is only 10A. Since the output from the DC/C converter is 2OA, which is the minimum output, the surplus 10A is used to charge the lead-acid battery 4. If this state continues, lead-acid battery 4 will become overcharged, so lead-acid battery 4
performance deteriorates. However, since power generation at the minimum output of the fuel cell 2 cannot be lowered below this, there is no choice but to stop, resulting in the above-mentioned problem.

そのために、期間■においては、コンタクタ３７ａを閉
路して■ｅ＝１０Ａ程度の第２の負荷（パワーステアリ
ングの油圧ポンプ駆動用モータ３７ｂ）を作動すること
により鉛蓄電池４へ充電される電流をｒＯＪ　Ａ又は幾
分放電側になるようにしている。さらに、期間■の状態
から期間■のように変動負荷電流ｉｄが流れるとコンタ
クタ３７ａは開路される。To this end, during period (2), the contactor 37a is closed and the second load (the power steering hydraulic pump drive motor 37b) of approximately A or somewhat on the discharge side. Further, when the variable load current id flows from the state of the period ■ to the period ■, the contactor 37a is opened.

このように本実施例によれば、車両の運転状態により負
荷状態が変化する変動負荷（５ａ、５ｂ）に対しパワー
ステアリングのポンプ駆動用モータ３７ｂを並列に接続
することにより、変動負荷が動作していない（走行モー
タも荷役ポンプも停止している）状態において、鉛蓄電
池４が満充電となってもＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３からの
出ツノを最低に設定した状態で、当該箱２の負荷を接続
することにより鉛蓄電池４が過充電されることなく燃料
電池２の発電を停止せず連続して運転することができる
。As described above, according to the present embodiment, the variable loads (5a, 5b) whose load states change depending on the driving state of the vehicle can be operated by connecting the power steering pump drive motor 37b in parallel. Even if the lead-acid battery 4 is fully charged, the load on the box 2 is set to the lowest level with the output from the DC/DC converter 3 set to the lowest level. By connecting, the lead acid battery 4 is not overcharged and the fuel cell 2 can be operated continuously without stopping the power generation.

その結果、改質装置を備えた燃料電池２がオン・オフ（
起動・駆動停止）されず、メタノール改質装置１及び燃
料電池２において、加熱・冷却が繰返し行なわれず熱的
疲労を回避し長野白化することができることとなる。又
、改質装置を備えた燃料電池２の駆動を停止してしまう
と、再始動の際には昇温するまでに時間がかかるが、そ
のにうなことなく迅速な対応が可能となる。As a result, the fuel cell 2 equipped with the reformer is turned on and off (
This means that the methanol reformer 1 and the fuel cell 2 are not repeatedly heated and cooled, thereby avoiding thermal fatigue and preventing Nagano whitening. Furthermore, if the fuel cell 2 equipped with the reformer is stopped, it will take time for the temperature to rise when restarting, but this can be done quickly.

尚、この発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、
例えば、第２の負荷としてパワーステアリングのポンプ
駆動用モータ３７ｂの代りに第１図中、−点鎖線で示す
ようにダミー抵抗４７（及びコンタクタ４８）を用いて
もよい。Note that this invention is not limited to the above embodiments,
For example, a dummy resistor 47 (and contactor 48) may be used as the second load instead of the power steering pump drive motor 37b, as shown by the dashed line in FIG.

［発明の効果］ 以」：詳述したようにこの発明によれば、長野白化に優
れた電気車を提供することができる優れた効果を発揮す
る。[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail, the present invention provides an excellent effect of providing an electric vehicle that is excellent in Nagano whitening.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図Ｇ、１．実施例の電気車の概ｌ１１８構成図、第
２図は各電流値を模式的に示すタイムチャート、第３図
はメタノール改質装置の断面図、第４図は第３図のＡ−
△断面図である。 １はメタノール改質装置、２は燃料電池、４は補助電池
としての鉛蓄電池、５ａは変動負荷としての走行用モー
タ、５ｂは変動負荷としての荷役用ポンプモータ、３７
ｂは第２の負荷としてのパワーステアリングのポンプ駆
動モータ、。Figure 1G, 1. 118 schematic diagram of the electric car of the example, FIG. 2 is a time chart schematically showing each current value, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the methanol reformer, and FIG. 4 is A-A in FIG. 3.
△It is a sectional view. 1 is a methanol reformer, 2 is a fuel cell, 4 is a lead acid battery as an auxiliary battery, 5a is a running motor as a variable load, 5b is a cargo handling pump motor as a variable load, 37
b is a power steering pump drive motor as a second load;

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 １、メタノールと水とを原料として高温雰囲気触媒下で
水素を生成するメタノール改質装置と、その水素と酸素
により電気を発生させる燃料電池と、 車両の運転状態により負荷状態が変化する変動負荷と、 前記燃料電池から前記変動負荷への出力電流の余剰分を
充電するとともに、当該燃料電池から変動負荷への出力
電流の不足分を放電する補助電池と を備え、前記補助電池の充電状態に応じて前記燃料電池
の出力を制御するようにした電気車において、 前記変動負荷に対し並列に接続され、少なくとも前記燃
料電池の発電時には当該燃料電池の最低出力状態におい
て前記変動負荷と独立した一定の負荷が加わつている第
２の負荷を備えてなる電気車。[Claims] 1. A methanol reformer that uses methanol and water as raw materials to generate hydrogen under a catalyst in a high-temperature atmosphere, a fuel cell that generates electricity from the hydrogen and oxygen, and a load condition depending on the operating condition of the vehicle. a variable load whose output current changes; and an auxiliary battery that charges a surplus output current from the fuel cell to the variable load and discharges a shortfall in output current from the fuel cell to the variable load, the auxiliary battery In an electric vehicle, the output of the fuel cell is controlled according to the state of charge of the battery, the variable load being connected in parallel to the variable load, and at least when the fuel cell is generating power, the variable load is controlled in the lowest output state of the fuel cell. An electric vehicle comprising a second load to which an independent constant load is applied.
JP63325464A 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 Electric vehicle Pending JPH02168803A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63325464A JPH02168803A (en) 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 Electric vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63325464A JPH02168803A (en) 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 Electric vehicle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH02168803A true JPH02168803A (en) 1990-06-28

Family

ID=18177164

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP63325464A Pending JPH02168803A (en) 1988-12-22 1988-12-22 Electric vehicle

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH02168803A (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998056058A1 (en) * 1997-06-06 1998-12-10 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Fuel cell methanol reformer with an energy storage unit and method for controlling the energy flow of the system
KR20040009370A (en) * 2002-07-23 2004-01-31 현대자동차주식회사 Method of controlling output power of fuel cell for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle
US7390587B2 (en) * 2000-03-29 2008-06-24 Idatech, Llc Fuel cell system with load management
JP2008271655A (en) * 2007-04-17 2008-11-06 Toyota Motor Corp Fuel cell system
JP2010063265A (en) * 2008-09-03 2010-03-18 Toyota Industries Corp Fuel cell-mounted vehicle
JP2014513509A (en) * 2011-02-25 2014-05-29 ユナイテッド テクノロジーズ コーポレイション Control of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell voltage during power transients and idling
US11142441B2 (en) 2018-11-12 2021-10-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Industrial vehicle

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59149669A (en) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-27 Toshiba Corp Over-voltage suppressing apparatus of fuel battery

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59149669A (en) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-27 Toshiba Corp Over-voltage suppressing apparatus of fuel battery

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998056058A1 (en) * 1997-06-06 1998-12-10 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Fuel cell methanol reformer with an energy storage unit and method for controlling the energy flow of the system
US7390587B2 (en) * 2000-03-29 2008-06-24 Idatech, Llc Fuel cell system with load management
KR20040009370A (en) * 2002-07-23 2004-01-31 현대자동차주식회사 Method of controlling output power of fuel cell for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle
JP2008271655A (en) * 2007-04-17 2008-11-06 Toyota Motor Corp Fuel cell system
JP2010063265A (en) * 2008-09-03 2010-03-18 Toyota Industries Corp Fuel cell-mounted vehicle
JP2014513509A (en) * 2011-02-25 2014-05-29 ユナイテッド テクノロジーズ コーポレイション Control of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell voltage during power transients and idling
US9130205B2 (en) 2011-02-25 2015-09-08 Audi Ag Controlling PEM fuel cell voltage during power transitions and idling
US11142441B2 (en) 2018-11-12 2021-10-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Industrial vehicle

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