JPH0214915A - Air conditioner for vehicle - Google Patents
Air conditioner for vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0214915A JPH0214915A JP16078388A JP16078388A JPH0214915A JP H0214915 A JPH0214915 A JP H0214915A JP 16078388 A JP16078388 A JP 16078388A JP 16078388 A JP16078388 A JP 16078388A JP H0214915 A JPH0214915 A JP H0214915A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- outdoor
- heating
- air
- heat exchanger
- vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［発明の目的］
（産業上の利用分野）
この発明は、床下に形成した収容空間に空調機を据付け
て、車内を冷暖房するようにした車両用空気調和装置に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner in which an air conditioner is installed in a storage space formed under the floor to cool and heat the interior of a vehicle.
（従来の技術）
床下に収容空間をもつハイデツカ−タイプの車両では、
収容空間に冷暖房運転可能なヒートポンプ式の空調機を
据付けるが、車体の窓枠部を構成する骨部材間から、限
られた高さおよび奥行きの収容空間へ空調機を入れる都
合上、空調機の幅寸法、奥行き寸法および高さ寸法など
が制限される。(Prior art) In a Heidetsu car type vehicle with storage space under the floor,
A heat pump type air conditioner capable of cooling and heating operation will be installed in the housing space, but due to the need to insert the air conditioner into the housing space with limited height and depth between the frame members that make up the window frame of the car body, the air conditioner will not be installed. The width, depth, height, etc. of
そのため、ハイデツカ−車に据付ける場合、個々が小形
ですむセパレート式の空調機（室内機と室外機とに分れ
るもの）、例えば１台の室内機と２台の室外機とを組合
わせた空調機を収容空間に据付けることが行なわれてい
る。Therefore, when installing in a Heidetsu car, it is recommended to use separate air conditioners (divided into an indoor unit and an outdoor unit) that are individually small, for example, a combination of one indoor unit and two outdoor units. Air conditioners are installed in accommodation spaces.
ところが、ヒートポンプ式の空調機は、低外気温におけ
る暖房運転時の暖房能力が低下が著しく、外気温によっ
ては良好な暖房ができないばかりか、室外機の室外側熱
交換器に霜が着いて（湿度が高いとき）しまう難点をも
っている。However, with heat pump type air conditioners, the heating capacity during heating operation at low outside temperatures is significantly reduced, and depending on the outside temperature, not only is it not possible to provide good heating, but also frost may form on the outdoor heat exchanger of the outdoor unit ( When the humidity is high)
そこで、従来では、室内機に補助ヒータを設けたり、除
霜運転（暖房とは逆の冷房運転によって霜を溶かす）を
したりすることが行なわれている。Therefore, conventionally, an auxiliary heater is provided in the indoor unit, or a defrosting operation (cooling operation, which is the opposite of heating, is used to melt the frost).
（発明が解決しようとする課題）
ところが、補助ヒータを設けたものは、かなり冷凍サイ
クルの能力が低下するために、着霜時の室内機の吹出温
度の低下は避けられない。また除霜運転は、運転中、暖
房効果が期待できないから、車内温度の低下をきたし、
いずれも良いものではなかった。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the case where an auxiliary heater is provided, the capacity of the refrigeration cycle is considerably reduced, and therefore, a decrease in the blowing temperature of the indoor unit during frost formation is unavoidable. In addition, defrosting operation cannot be expected to have a heating effect while driving, so the temperature inside the car will drop.
None of them were good.
なお、直接的に座席に座る人に対して熱を与えるように
、座席下に電気ヒータを設けることも行なわれているが
、この電気ヒータの設置は見栄え。Additionally, electric heaters are sometimes installed under the seats to provide heat directly to the people sitting in the seats, but the installation of these electric heaters is visually appealing.
座席の機能１面で好ましいものではない。One aspect of the seat's function is not desirable.
この発明はこのような事情に着目してなされたもので、
その目的とするところは、座席にヒータを装着せず、低
外気温時および着霜時、暖房能力を低下させることなし
に冷凍サイクルで車内を暖房することができる車両用空
気調和装置を提供することにある。This invention was made with attention to these circumstances,
The purpose is to provide a vehicle air conditioner that can heat the interior of a vehicle using a refrigeration cycle without reducing the heating capacity when the outside temperature is low or when frost forms, without installing a heater on the seat. There is a particular thing.
［発明の構成］
（問題点を解決するための手段）
上記目的を達成するために、この発明の車両用空気調和
装置は、床下の収容空間に設けた室外機の室外側熱交換
器の吸込側に加熱ヒータを設け、また室外機の周囲に前
記収容空間の壁部、前記室外機および前記車両の床で囲
まれる空間を用いてループ状の風路を構成し、この風路
の前記室外側熱交換器の吸込側に外気取入路を設け、ま
た風路の前記室外側熱交換器の吹出側に排気路を設け、
この排気路および外気取入路に常開の開閉装置を設け、
かつこの開閉装置および加熱ヒータを制御し、低外気温
の暖房運転時および前記室外側熱交換器に霜が着いたと
き、前記開閉装置を閉じ側に作動、前記加熱ヒータを発
熱動させる制御手段を設ける。[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention provides an air conditioner for a vehicle that is equipped with a A heater is provided on the side, and a loop-shaped air path is formed around the outdoor unit using a space surrounded by the wall of the storage space, the outdoor unit, and the floor of the vehicle, and An outside air intake path is provided on the suction side of the outside heat exchanger, and an exhaust path is provided on the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger of the air path,
A normally open opening/closing device is installed in this exhaust passage and outside air intake passage,
and a control means that controls the opening/closing device and the heater, and operates the opening/closing device to the closing side and causes the heating heater to generate heat during heating operation at a low outside temperature or when frost forms on the outdoor heat exchanger. will be established.
（作用）
この発明の車両用空気調和装置によると、例えば暖房運
転中、低外気温、室外側熱交換器に着霜が生じると、外
気取入口および排気口が「閉」となって、室外機の周囲
に室外側熱交換器を通る閉ループを構成していく。そし
て、この閉ループと共に発熱動する加熱ヒータによって
、上記閉ループを循環する風を加熱し、室外側熱交換器
に熱を与えていく。これにより、加熱ヒータの熱を室内
機へ送って、高い吹出温度の温風を維持する。(Function) According to the vehicle air conditioner of the present invention, for example, during heating operation, when the outside temperature is low, and when frost forms on the outdoor heat exchanger, the outside air intake port and the exhaust port are "closed" and the outdoor air conditioner is closed. A closed loop is constructed around the machine through an outdoor heat exchanger. Then, a heater that generates heat along with this closed loop heats the air circulating in the closed loop to provide heat to the outdoor heat exchanger. As a result, the heat from the heater is sent to the indoor unit to maintain hot air at a high blowout temperature.
また暖房効果を損わずに室外側熱交換器に若いた霜を溶
かすようにする（除霜）。It also melts young frost on the outdoor heat exchanger (defrosting) without impairing the heating effect.
（実施例）
以下、この発明を第１図ないし第６図に示す第１の実施
例にもとづいて説明する。第１図および第２図中、１は
ハイデツカ−タイプの列車車両の車体、２はその車体１
の床１ａの下に形成された収容空間である。この収容空
間２は、仕切壁部２ａで、例えば前後方向に対して３つ
に分割されている。なお、収容空間２の内側は断熱処理
されているものである。そして、この分割された収容空
間２のそれぞれに空調機４が同じ状態で据付けられてい
る（１台の空調機４のみ図示）。空調機４には、いずれ
も１台の室内機５と２台の室外機６ａ、６ｂとを組合わ
せてなるセバレー、ト式が用いられている。そして、そ
の１つの構成が第３図に示されている。(Embodiment) The present invention will be described below based on a first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6. In Figures 1 and 2, 1 is the body of a Heidetsuka-type train vehicle, and 2 is the body 1 of the train.
This is a storage space formed under the floor 1a of the building. This accommodation space 2 is divided into three parts, for example, in the front-rear direction by a partition wall 2a. Note that the inside of the accommodation space 2 is heat-insulated. Air conditioners 4 are installed in the same state in each of the divided housing spaces 2 (only one air conditioner 4 is shown). The air conditioners 4 each use a semi-air conditioner type in which one indoor unit 5 and two outdoor units 6a and 6b are combined. One such configuration is shown in FIG.
すなわち、室内機５には、例えば両側に吹出ロアａおよ
び吸込ロアｂ（第１図に図示）を設けてなる偏・平な筺
体７内に、例えば２段に熱交換器８ａ、８ｂを重ねてな
る室内側熱交換器８と室内ファン９とを設けた構造が用
いられている。むろん、室内側熱交換器８は吹出ロアａ
と吸込ロアｂの間に所定に配置される。That is, in the indoor unit 5, heat exchangers 8a and 8b are stacked in two stages, for example, in a flat housing 7 which is provided with a blowout lower a and a suction lower b (shown in FIG. 1) on both sides. A structure including an indoor heat exchanger 8 and an indoor fan 9 is used. Of course, the indoor heat exchanger 8 is the blowout lower a.
and the suction lower b.
また室外機６ａは、圧縮機１０ａに、四方弁１１ａ、室
外ファン１２ａを付帯した室外側熱交換器１３ａ、逆止
弁１４ａと暖房用キャピラリーチニーブ１５ａ（暖房用
の減圧装置）、冷房用キャピラリーチューブ１６ａ（冷
房用の減圧装置）を接続してなる室外側回路１７ａを偏
平な筺体１８ａ内に内装する。そして、この室外側熱交
換器１３ａの風上側となる吸込側に電気ヒータ１９（加
熱ヒータ）を設けた構造となっている。むろん、電気ヒ
ータ１９には風が流通できる構造のものが使用されてい
る。なお、室外機６ｂは室外機６ａと同じ構成なので、
番号の後尾に区別するための符号ｒｂＪを付して、その
説明を省略する。In addition, the outdoor unit 6a includes a compressor 10a, a four-way valve 11a, an outdoor heat exchanger 13a equipped with an outdoor fan 12a, a check valve 14a, a heating capillary reach knee 15a (heating pressure reducing device), and a cooling capillary. An outdoor circuit 17a connected to a tube 16a (cooling pressure reducing device) is housed in a flat housing 18a. The structure is such that an electric heater 19 (heater) is provided on the suction side, which is the windward side of the outdoor heat exchanger 13a. Of course, the electric heater 19 has a structure that allows wind to flow through it. In addition, since the outdoor unit 6b has the same configuration as the outdoor unit 6a,
The code rbJ is added to the end of the number to distinguish it, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.
そして、室外機６ａの冷媒管が上記室内機５の熱交換器
８ａに接続され、また室外機６ｂの冷媒管が残る室内機
５の熱交換器８ｂに接続され、それぞれ冷暖房運転可能
なヒートポンプ式の冷凍サイクルを構成している。また
それぞれ室内側回路１７ａ、１７ｂには、室外側熱交換
器１３ａ。The refrigerant pipes of the outdoor unit 6a are connected to the heat exchanger 8a of the indoor unit 5, and the refrigerant pipes of the outdoor unit 6b are connected to the heat exchanger 8b of the remaining indoor unit 5. refrigeration cycle. Further, an outdoor heat exchanger 13a is provided in each of the indoor circuits 17a and 17b.
１３ｂおよび暖房側キャピラリ−チューブ１５ａ間の冷
媒管部分と、冷房用キャピラリーチューブ１６ａ、１６
ｂおよび熱交換器８ａ、８ｂ間の冷媒管部分との間に、
開閉弁２０ａ、２０ｂを介装したバイパス路２１ａ、２
１ｂが接続されていて、開閉弁２０ａ、２０ｂの開閉に
より、ヒートポンプサイクルによる暖房運転と、上記電
気ヒータ１９ａ、１９ｂの熱を加熱源に使用した冷媒加
熱サイクルによる暖房運転とに切換えられるようにして
いる。13b and the heating side capillary tube 15a, and the cooling capillary tube 16a, 16
b and the refrigerant pipe section between the heat exchangers 8a and 8b,
Bypass paths 21a and 2 with on-off valves 20a and 20b interposed
1b is connected, and by opening and closing the on-off valves 20a and 20b, it is possible to switch between heating operation using a heat pump cycle and heating operation using a refrigerant heating cycle using the heat of the electric heaters 19a and 19b as a heating source. There is.
そして、第１図に示すように、こうした空調機４の室内
機５が、収容空間２の中央部に、吹出ロアａ、吸込ロア
ｂ側を車幅方向に配置した状態で据付けられている。な
お、筺体７の吹出ロアａ。As shown in FIG. 1, the indoor unit 5 of the air conditioner 4 is installed in the center of the accommodation space 2 with the blowout lower a and suction lower b sides arranged in the vehicle width direction. In addition, the blow-out lower a of the housing 7.
吸込ロアｂを除く上下部と収容空間２の上下部とは密接
している。そして、残る２つの室外機６ ａ 。The upper and lower parts of the housing space 2, excluding the suction lower b, are in close contact with each other. And the remaining two outdoor units 6a.
６ｂが、室内機５を挟むようにして収容空間２の前後部
に、吹出口、吸込口（いずれも図示しない）を車幅方向
に向けた状態で、互いに点対称の関係となるように据付
けられている。詳しくは、右側の室外機６ａは、第１図
において吹出側を下側に配置し、吸込側を上側に配置し
て据付けられる。6b are installed at the front and rear parts of the storage space 2 with the indoor unit 5 sandwiched therebetween, with the air outlet and the air inlet (none of which are shown) facing the vehicle width direction, so as to be point symmetrical to each other. There is. Specifically, the right outdoor unit 6a is installed with the blowout side on the lower side and the suction side on the upper side in FIG.
また左側の室外機６ｂは、逆に吹出側を上側に配置し、
吸込側を下側に配置して据付けられる。In addition, the left outdoor unit 6b is arranged with the blowing side on the upper side,
It can be installed with the suction side facing down.
また、隣接する室内機５と室外機６ａ、６ｂとの隙間、
室外機６ａ、６ｂと収容空間２の端壁部との隙間には、
収容空間２内を車幅方向で２分割するようにゴム製の仕
切板２２ａ〜２２ｄが介装されている。そして、この仕
切りにより、第６図にも示されるように室外機６ａ、６
ｂの周囲に、収容空間２の壁部、室外機６ａ、６ｂ、床
１ａ、さらには室内機５で囲む空間を用いた、ループ状
の風路２３を構成できるようにしている。In addition, gaps between adjacent indoor units 5 and outdoor units 6a and 6b,
In the gaps between the outdoor units 6a and 6b and the end wall of the housing space 2,
Rubber partition plates 22a to 22d are interposed to divide the inside of the accommodation space 2 into two in the vehicle width direction. With this partition, as shown in FIG.
Around b, a loop-shaped air passage 23 can be constructed using a space surrounded by the walls of the accommodation space 2, the outdoor units 6a and 6b, the floor 1a, and further the indoor unit 5.
一方、第５図および第６図でも示されるように室外機６
ａ、６ｂの吸込口と対向する収容空間２の車幅方向の側
壁部分には、風路２３と外部とを連通ずる外気取入口２
４（外気取入路に相当）が設けられている。さらにまた
室外機６ａ、 ６ｂの吹出口と対向する収容空間２の
車幅方向の側壁部分には、風路２３と外部とを連通ずる
排気口２５（排気路に相当）が設けられている。なお、
外気取入口２４および排気口２５には空調機５を搬入す
るための開口を利用している。そして、これら外気取入
口２４．排気口２５には、電動ダンパー付がらり蓋２６
（常開の開閉装置に相当し、以下、単にがらり扉２６と
称す）が設けられている。また室内機５の車幅方向側部
と収容空間２の車幅方向の側壁部との間に形成された隙
間部分２ｂには、例えば回動式のダンパー２７がそれぞ
れ設けられている。On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the outdoor unit 6
In the side wall portion of the housing space 2 in the vehicle width direction facing the intake ports a and 6b, there is an outside air intake port 2 that communicates the air passage 23 with the outside.
4 (corresponding to the outside air intake path) is provided. Furthermore, an exhaust port 25 (corresponding to an exhaust path) that communicates the air path 23 with the outside is provided in a side wall portion of the storage space 2 in the vehicle width direction that faces the air outlet of the outdoor units 6a, 6b. In addition,
Openings for carrying in the air conditioner 5 are used as the outside air intake port 24 and the exhaust port 25. These outside air intake ports 24. The exhaust port 25 has a lid 26 with an electric damper.
(corresponding to a normally open opening/closing device and hereinafter simply referred to as the Garari door 26) is provided. Further, in the gap portions 2b formed between the side portions of the indoor unit 5 in the vehicle width direction and the side walls of the storage space 2 in the vehicle width direction, rotary dampers 27, for example, are provided, respectively.
そして、第４図に示される制御系を用いて、こうしたダ
ンパー２７、がらり蓋２６の開閉、上記電気ヒータ１９
の作動、さらには開閉弁２０ａ。Then, using the control system shown in FIG.
operation, and furthermore, the on-off valve 20a.
２０ｂの作動などを制御して、低外気温時の暖房運転、
ならびに着霜時の暖房能力の低下を防ぐようにしている
。20b, heating operation at low outside temperatures,
It also prevents the heating capacity from decreasing during frost.
すなわち、制御系について説明すれば、２８は制御部（
マイクロコンピュータおよびその周辺回路よりなるもの
で、制御手段に相当）である。そして、この制御部２８
に、室外機６ａ、６ｂの機器がそれぞれ接続されている
。また制御部２８には、この他、車外の温度を検知する
車外温度センサー２９（外気が流れる部位に設置）、車
内の温度を検知する車内温度センサー３０（座席３１が
据付けて有る車内３２内に設置）、室外側熱交換器１３
ａ、１３ｂの温度を検知する室外熱交温度センサー３３
（室外側熱交換器１３ａ、１３ｂに設置）が接続されて
いる。そして、制御部２８は、能力の低下をきたさない
温度、すなわち例えば外気温が「平衡温度（負荷と能力
のバランス点となる温度）＋５℃（余裕分）」以上のと
きは、冷暖のいずれも電気ヒータ１９を「ＯＦＦ」、開
閉弁２０ａ、２０ｂを「閉」、がらり蓋２６を「全開」
、ダンパー２７を「閉」にして、冷凍サイクルのみで冷
暖房運転を行なうようにしている。つまり、第５図のよ
うに室外側熱交換器１３ａ。That is, to explain the control system, 28 is the control section (
It consists of a microcomputer and its peripheral circuits, and corresponds to control means). And this control section 28
The devices of the outdoor units 6a and 6b are connected to each of the outdoor units 6a and 6b. In addition, the control unit 28 includes an exterior temperature sensor 29 (installed in a location where outside air flows) that detects the temperature outside the vehicle, and an interior temperature sensor 30 (installed in the interior 32 where the seat 31 is installed) that detects the temperature inside the vehicle. installation), outdoor heat exchanger 13
Outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 33 that detects the temperature of a and 13b
(installed in the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b) are connected. Then, the control unit 28 controls whether the cooling or heating is performed at a temperature that does not cause a decrease in capacity, that is, for example, when the outside temperature is equal to or higher than "equilibrium temperature (temperature that is the balance point of load and capacity) + 5°C (margin)". Turn off the electric heater 19, close the on-off valves 20a and 20b, and open the lid 26 fully.
, the damper 27 is closed, and heating and cooling operation is performed using only the refrigeration cycle. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the outdoor heat exchanger 13a.
１３ｂにそれぞれ外気を流通させる方向に風路２３を切
換えて、室外側熱交換器１３ａ、１３ｂを外気と熱交換
させるようにしている。また制御部２８は、それ以下の
温度となる暖房のときは、電気ヒータ１９をｒＯＮＪ、
ＪＩＪ閉弁２０ａ。The air passages 23 are switched in a direction to allow outside air to flow through the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b, respectively, so that the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b exchange heat with the outside air. In addition, the control unit 28 controls the electric heater 19 to rONJ when the temperature is lower than that for heating.
JIJ valve closed 20a.
２０ｂを「開」、がらりＭ２６を「全開」、ダンパー２
７を「開」にし、暖房運転を行なうようにしている。つ
まり、第６図のように空気が室外側熱交換器１３ａ、１
３ｂを閉ループ状に循環する方向に風路２３を切換える
とともに、その外気と触れずに循環する空気を電気ヒー
タ１９で加熱して、室外側熱交換器１３ａ、１３ｂを加
熱ヒータ１９の熱と熱交換させるようにしている。そし
て、さらに効率を高めるべく、室内側熱交換器８で凝縮
した冷媒をバイパス路２１ａ、２１ｂを通して室外側熱
交換器１３ａ、１３ｂへ直接に導く冷媒加熱サイクルを
構成するようにしている。20b "open", Garari M26 "fully open", damper 2
7 is set to ``open'' to perform heating operation. In other words, as shown in FIG.
At the same time, the air passage 23 is switched to a direction in which the air 3b is circulated in a closed loop, and the air that circulates without contacting the outside air is heated by the electric heater 19, and the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b are heated by the heat of the heater 19. I'm trying to get it replaced. In order to further improve efficiency, a refrigerant heating cycle is configured in which the refrigerant condensed in the indoor heat exchanger 8 is directly guided to the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b through the bypass paths 21a and 21b.
そして、この運転モードを、このような低外気温時の暖
房運転の他、室外側熱交換器１３ａ。In addition to the heating operation at such a low outside temperature, this operation mode is set to the outdoor heat exchanger 13a.
１３ｂに着霜が生じたときにも、動作させるようにして
いる。すなわち、制御部２８は、室外熱交温度センサー
３３から、室外側熱交換器１３ａに「着霜」 （外気温
が３〜４℃で着霜し始める）が生じたことを示す温度情
報が出力されると、除霜が必要と判断して、先のヒータ
熱と熱交換する冷媒加熱サイクルを構成するようにもな
っている。The device is also operated when frost occurs on the device 13b. That is, the control unit 28 outputs temperature information from the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 33 indicating that "frost formation" (frost formation begins when the outside temperature is 3 to 4 degrees Celsius) has occurred on the outdoor heat exchanger 13a. When this occurs, it is determined that defrosting is necessary, and a refrigerant heating cycle is configured to exchange heat with the previous heater heat.
なお、室外ファン１２ａ、１２ｂは、室外熱交温度セン
サー３３の検知温度に応じて回転数が可変（風量可変）
されるようになっていて、常に最適な条件で熱交換を行
なえるようにしている。Note that the rotation speed of the outdoor fans 12a and 12b is variable (variable air volume) according to the temperature detected by the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 33.
The system is designed to ensure that heat exchange is always performed under optimal conditions.
但し、室内機５の吹出ロアａおよび吸込ロアａは、吹出
ダクト４０および戻りダクト（図示しない）を介して車
内３２内と連通している。However, the blowout lower a and the suction lower a of the indoor unit 5 communicate with the interior of the vehicle 32 via a blowout duct 40 and a return duct (not shown).
つぎに、このように構成された車両用空気調和装置の作
用を説明する。Next, the operation of the vehicle air conditioner configured as described above will be explained.
制御部２８に接続された操作部（図示しない）を「暖房
側」にセットし、設定温度を設定する。An operating section (not shown) connected to the control section 28 is set to the "heating side" and a set temperature is set.
すると、制御部２８から室内機５．室外機６ａ。Then, the controller 28 controls the indoor unit 5. Outdoor unit 6a.
６ｂに「ＯＮ」指令が出力され、圧縮機１０ａ。An "ON" command is output to the compressor 10a.
１０ｂが最大の電源周波数で駆動（始動時のため）する
とともに、室内ファン９および室外ファン１２ａ、１２
ｂが作動していく。10b is driven at the maximum power frequency (for starting), and the indoor fan 9 and outdoor fans 12a, 12
b is activated.
ここで、車外温度センサー２９からの出力と「平衡温度
＋５℃」との比較によって、外気の温度から暖房に必要
な熱が十分に有ると制御部２８で判断すると、制御部２
８は電気ヒータ１９をｒＯＦＦＪ、開閉弁２０ａ、２０
ｂを「閉」、がらり蓋２６を「全開」、ダンパー２７を
「閉」にしていく。Here, if the control unit 28 determines that there is sufficient heat necessary for heating from the outside air temperature by comparing the output from the vehicle outside temperature sensor 29 and the "equilibrium temperature +5°C", the control unit 28
8 turns the electric heater 19 rOFFJ, the on-off valves 20a, 20
b to "close", the lid 26 to "fully open", and the damper 27 to "close".
すると、圧縮機１０ａ、１０ｂから吐出した冷媒は、四
方弁１１ ａ、 １ ｌ ｂ、室内側熱交換器８、冷
房用キャピラリチューブ１６ ａ、 １６ ｂｓ暖房
用キャピラリチューブ１５ａ、１５ｂおよび室外側熱交
換器１３ａ、１３ｂを順に流れていく。また、それと共
に風路２３は、第５図に示されるように室外熱交換器１
３ａ、１３ｂに外気が独立して流通する風路形態Ａに切
換えられていく。Then, the refrigerant discharged from the compressors 10a, 10b is transferred to the four-way valves 11a, 11b, the indoor heat exchanger 8, the cooling capillary tubes 16a, 16bs, the heating capillary tubes 15a, 15b, and the outdoor heat exchanger. The liquid flows sequentially through the vessels 13a and 13b. In addition, the air passage 23 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 1 as shown in FIG.
3a and 13b are switched to the air path configuration A in which outside air flows independently.
しかるに、室外機６ａ、６ｂを流れる新鮮外気が、それ
ぞれ室外側外側熱交換器１３ａ、１３ｂと熱交換する２
系統のヒートポンプサイクルが構成され、車内３２を暖
房していく。However, the fresh outside air flowing through the outdoor units 6a and 6b exchanges heat with the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b, respectively.
A system heat pump cycle is configured to heat the vehicle interior 32.
一方、これに対し、外気には暖房に必要な熱が無いと制
御部２８で判断すると、制御部２８は電気ヒータ１９を
ｒＯＮＪ、開閉弁２０ａ、２０ｂを「開」、がらり蓋２
６を「全閉」、ダンパー２７を「開」にしていく。On the other hand, if the control unit 28 determines that there is no heat necessary for heating in the outside air, the control unit 28 turns the electric heater 19 to rONJ, opens the on-off valves 20a and 20b, and closes the lid 2.
6 to "fully closed" and damper 27 to "open".
すると、圧縮機１０ａ、１０ｂから吐出した冷媒は、四
方弁１１ａ、１ｌｂｓ室内側熱交換器８、バイパス路２
１ ａ、 ２１ ｂ、電気ヒータ１９で加熱された室
外側熱交換器１３ａ、１３ｂを順に流れていく。Then, the refrigerant discharged from the compressors 10a and 10b passes through the four-way valve 11a, the 1lbs indoor heat exchanger 8, and the bypass path 2.
1 a, 21 b, and the outdoor heat exchangers 13 a and 13 b heated by the electric heater 19 .
またそれと共に第１図および第６図に示されるように室
外機６ａ、６ｂ （含む室内機５）の周囲に、室外側熱
交換器１３ａ、１３ｂを通る略「Ｏ状」の閉ループ状の
風路形態Ｂが構成されていく。これにより、電気ヒータ
１９で、室外側熱交換器１３ａ、１３ｂと熱交換する空
気がロスなく高温に加熱されていく。At the same time, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, a substantially "O-shaped" closed-loop wind is generated around the outdoor units 6a and 6b (including the indoor unit 5) passing through the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b. Road form B is being constructed. Thereby, the electric heater 19 heats the air that exchanges heat with the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b to a high temperature without loss.
しかるに、熱ロスなく温度上昇した空気が、それぞれ外
側熱交換器１３ａ、１３ｂと熱交換する２系統の冷媒加
熱サイクル（電気ヒータ１９を熱源としたサイクル）が
構成されていく。However, a two-system refrigerant heating cycle (a cycle using the electric heater 19 as a heat source) is constructed in which the air whose temperature has increased without heat loss exchanges heat with the outer heat exchangers 13a and 13b, respectively.
それ故、高い熱エネルギーが室内機５の室内側熱交換器
８に送られ、車内３２を高い吹出温度の温風で暖房して
いく。つまり、暖房能力の低下なく、暖房を行なうこと
ができる。Therefore, high thermal energy is sent to the indoor heat exchanger 8 of the indoor unit 5, and the interior of the vehicle 32 is heated with hot air having a high blowout temperature. In other words, heating can be performed without reducing the heating capacity.
しかも、こうした低外気温のときの暖房運転中は、床下
の収容空間２の全体が電気ヒータ１９の熱で加熱される
から、一種の床暖房状態となり、車内３２を良好な温度
分布で暖房できる効果をもたらす。加えて、室外側熱交
換器１３ａ、１３ｂで吸収されない熱、すなわち熱ロス
も車体１へ熱伝導されて、暖房に有効に活用され、車内
１の上下の温度差を改善する働きをなしていく。むろん
、こうした暖房は座席下に補助ヒータが無いので、見栄
えもよく、また座席３１の機能性を損うようなことがな
くてすむ。Moreover, during the heating operation when the outside temperature is low, the entire underfloor accommodation space 2 is heated by the heat of the electric heater 19, so it becomes a kind of floor heating state, and the inside of the car 32 can be heated with a good temperature distribution. bring about an effect. In addition, heat that is not absorbed by the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b, that is, heat loss, is also conducted to the vehicle body 1 and effectively utilized for heating, thereby working to improve the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the vehicle interior 1. . Of course, since such heating does not require an auxiliary heater under the seat, it looks good and does not impair the functionality of the seat 31.
他方、上記ヒートポンプサイクルによる暖房運転中、室
外熱交温度センサー３３からの検知温度を受けて制御部
２８で、室外側熱交換器１３ａ。On the other hand, during the heating operation by the heat pump cycle, in response to the detected temperature from the outdoor heat exchanger temperature sensor 33, the controller 28 controls the outdoor heat exchanger 13a.
１３ｂに霜が着いたと判断すると、先の低外気温時の暖
房運転と同じ運転モードに切換っていく。When it is determined that frost has formed on the air conditioner 13b, the operation mode is switched to the same operation mode as the heating operation when the outside temperature was low.
すると、電気ヒータ１９で加熱された風で、室外側熱交
換器１３ａ、１３ｂに若いた霜を溶かしていく。Then, the air heated by the electric heater 19 melts the young frost on the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b.
ここで、除霜中は、車内３２の温度が低下することが懸
念される。しかし、冷媒加熱サイクル（暖房運転）中の
室外側熱交換器１３ａ、１３ｂにヒータ熱を供給するも
のであるから、暖房効果を損わずして霜とりを行なうこ
とができる。つまり、暖房運転の中断なく、良好な暖房
を継続することができる利点もある。Here, there is concern that the temperature inside the vehicle 32 will drop during defrosting. However, since heater heat is supplied to the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b during the refrigerant heating cycle (heating operation), defrosting can be performed without impairing the heating effect. In other words, there is an advantage that good heating can be continued without interruption of heating operation.
但し、上述の説明では暖房について述べたが、冷房は上
述の風路形態Ａのもとで行なわれるものである。作用と
しては、冷媒の流れる方向が変るものであるから、その
詳細な説明は省略する。However, although heating has been described in the above description, cooling is performed under the above-mentioned air path configuration A. Since the effect is to change the direction in which the refrigerant flows, a detailed explanation thereof will be omitted.
なお、風路形態Ａ、風路形！！！Ｂの他に、両者の中間
のとなる状態を、がらり蓋２６およびダンパー２７の動
作から形成して、熱交換特性を変化させるようにしても
よい。In addition, air path form A, air path form! ! ! In addition to B, a state intermediate between the two may be formed by the operation of the flap cover 26 and the damper 27 to change the heat exchange characteristics.
この発明は第１の実施例に限らず、第７図および第８図
に示す第２の実施例、第９図および第１０図に示す第３
の実施例、第１１図に示す第４の実施例のようにしても
よい。This invention is not limited to the first embodiment, but also applies to the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, and the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
The fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 11 may also be used.
すなわち、第２の実施例は室外機６ａ、６ｂの下部側に
ダンパー２７を設けて、第１の実施例と同様な風路切換
えを行なうようにしたものである。That is, in the second embodiment, a damper 27 is provided on the lower side of the outdoor units 6a, 6b to perform the same air path switching as in the first embodiment.
但し、４０は吹出ダクト、４１は戻りダクト、４２は冷
媒管、４３は室外機６ａ、６ｂの吹出口。However, 40 is a blow-off duct, 41 is a return duct, 42 is a refrigerant pipe, and 43 is a blow-off port of the outdoor units 6a, 6b.
吸込口（一方のみ図示）に装着されるフィルターである
。This is a filter attached to the suction port (only one is shown).
第３の実施例は、ディーゼルエンジン５０を動力源とし
て動く気動車５１の排ガスの熱をヒータ熱に替って用い
たものである。具体的には、第１の実施例と同じ構造の
風路２３にディーゼルエンジン５０の排気管５０ａを連
通させる他、閉ループの風路２３を構成する際、風路２
３において排気管５０ａから最も離れた地点のがらり蓋
２６を「半開」の状態する構造を採用して、低外気温時
。In the third embodiment, the heat of exhaust gas from a diesel train 51 running with a diesel engine 50 as a power source is used instead of the heater heat. Specifically, in addition to communicating the exhaust pipe 50a of the diesel engine 50 with the air passage 23 having the same structure as the first embodiment, when configuring the closed loop air passage 23, the air passage 2
3, a structure is adopted in which the lid 26 at the point farthest from the exhaust pipe 50a is in a "half-open" state when the outside temperature is low.
岩霜時にディーゼルエンジン５０から排気された高温の
排気ガスを室外側熱交換器１３ａ、１３ｂに循環させる
ようにしている。High-temperature exhaust gas exhausted from the diesel engine 50 during rock frost is circulated to the outdoor heat exchangers 13a and 13b.
第４の実施例は、車内３２の側壁３２ａの内部と風路２
３内とに渡リヒートバイブロ０を設け、かつヒートバイ
ブロ０の風路側の端部に複数の吸熱フィン６１を設けた
もので、風路２３内の熱をヒートバイブロ０を通じ側壁
に伝熱して、窓６２側で生じる外気による冷輻射（冬季
、夜間走行時など）を解消するようにしたものである。In the fourth embodiment, the inside of the side wall 32a of the vehicle interior 32 and the air passage 2 are
3, and a plurality of heat absorption fins 61 are provided at the end of the heat vibro 0 on the air path side, so that the heat in the air path 23 is transferred to the side wall through the heat vibro 0, This is designed to eliminate cold radiation from outside air generated on the window 62 side (during winter, when driving at night, etc.).
なお、第２の実施例ないし第４の実施例において、第１
の実施例と同じものには同一符号を附して、その説明を
省略した。Note that in the second to fourth embodiments, the first
Components that are the same as those in the embodiment described above are given the same reference numerals, and their explanations are omitted.
また上述した実施例のいずれも、２台の室外機６ａ、６
ｂの廻りｌ風を循環させるようにしたが、むろん２台で
なく、室外機６ａ、６ｂの各１台づつの廻りに風を循環
させるようにしてもよい。In addition, in any of the embodiments described above, two outdoor units 6a, 6
In the above embodiment, the air is circulated around the outdoor units 6a and 6b, but the air may be circulated around one each of the outdoor units 6a and 6b instead of two.
［発明の効果］
以上説明したようにこの発明によれば、低外気温時およ
び管寄時、暖房能力を低下させることなしに冷凍サイク
ルで車内を暖房することができる。しかも、低外気温時
、若布時の暖房は暖房運転がそのまま継続されるうえ、
風路を流れる熱で体側か加熱される一種の床暖房状態と
なるから、車内を良好に暖房できる。そのうえ、室外側
熱交換器で吸収されない熱も車体へ熱伝導されるから、
ヒータ熱を暖房に有効に活用することができる利点もあ
る。[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the present invention, the interior of the vehicle can be heated by the refrigeration cycle without reducing the heating capacity when the outside temperature is low or when the outside temperature is low. What's more, when the outside temperature is low, the heating operation continues as is when heating is done, and
The body side is heated by the heat flowing through the air ducts, creating a kind of underfloor heating condition, which can effectively heat the inside of the car. Furthermore, heat that is not absorbed by the outdoor heat exchanger is also conducted to the vehicle body.
Another advantage is that the heater heat can be effectively used for space heating.
また座席にヒータを装着しないから、見栄えもよく、ま
た座席の機能性を損うようなことがなくてすむ。Furthermore, since no heater is attached to the seat, it looks good and does not impair the functionality of the seat.
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図ないし第６図はこの発明の第１の実施例を示し、
第１図は車両用空気調和装置を示す平断面図、第２図は
その側面図、第３図は冷凍サイクル回路を示す構成図、
第４図は制御系を示すブロック図、第５図および第６図
は異なる風路内の風の流れを示す平断面図、第７図はこ
の発明の第２の実施例の車両用空気調和装置を示す斜視
図、第８図はその車体に搭載された空気調和装置の断面
図、第９図は第３の実施例の車両用空気調和装置を示す
断面図、第１０図はその平断面図、第１１図はこの発明
の第４の実施例の要部を示す斜視図である。
１・・・車体、１ａ・・・床、２・・・収容空間、４Ｃ
・・・空調機、５・・・室内機、６ａ、６ｂ・・・室外
機、８・・・室内側熱交換器、９・・・室内ファン、１
２ａ。
１２ｂ・・・室外ファン、１３ａ、１３ｂ・・・室外側
熱交換器、１９・・・電気ヒータ（加熱ヒータ）２３・
・・風路、２４・・・外気取入口（外気取入路）、つ
５・・・排気口
（排気路）
２６・・・電動ダンパー付
がらり蓋（常開の開閉装置）
２８・・・制御部
（制
御手段）[BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS] FIGS. 1 to 6 show a first embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view showing a vehicle air conditioner, FIG. 2 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a refrigeration cycle circuit.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the control system, FIGS. 5 and 6 are plan sectional views showing the flow of wind in different air channels, and FIG. 7 is a vehicle air conditioner according to the second embodiment of the present invention. A perspective view showing the device, FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the air conditioner mounted on the vehicle body, FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing the vehicle air conditioner of the third embodiment, and FIG. 10 is a plan cross section thereof. 11 are perspective views showing essential parts of a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 1...Vehicle body, 1a...Floor, 2...Accommodation space, 4C
...Air conditioner, 5...Indoor unit, 6a, 6b...Outdoor unit, 8...Indoor heat exchanger, 9...Indoor fan, 1
2a. 12b...Outdoor fan, 13a, 13b...Outdoor heat exchanger, 19...Electric heater (heater) 23.
...Air passage, 24...Outside air intake (outside air intake path), 5...Exhaust port (exhaust path) 26...Garari lid with electric damper (normally open opening/closing device) 28... Control unit (control means)
Claims (1)
この室内機と共に前記収容空間に設けられ当該室内機と
組合って冷暖房運転可能なセパレート式の空調機を構成
する室外機と、この室外機を構成する室外側熱交換器の
吸込側に設けられた加熱ヒータと、前記収容空間の壁部
，前記室外機および前記車両の床で囲まれる空間を用い
て前記室外機の周囲に構成した前記室外側熱交換器の吹
出側および吸込側と連通するループ状の風路と、この風
路の前記室外側熱交換器の吸込側に設けた外部に開口す
る外気取入路と、前記風路の前記室外側熱交換器の吹出
側に設けた外部に開口する排気路と、この排気路および
前記外気取入路に設けられた常開の開閉装置と、低外気
温の暖房運転時および前記室外側熱交換器に霜が着いた
とき、前記開閉装置を閉じ側に作動させるとともに前記
加熱ヒータを発熱動させる制御手段とを具備したことを
特徴とする車両用空気調和装置。An indoor unit installed in a storage space formed under the floor of a vehicle,
An outdoor unit is provided in the housing space together with this indoor unit and constitutes a separate air conditioner capable of heating and cooling operation in combination with the indoor unit, and an outdoor unit is provided on the suction side of the outdoor heat exchanger that constitutes this outdoor unit. The heater communicates with the outlet side and suction side of the outdoor heat exchanger configured around the outdoor unit using a space surrounded by the wall of the housing space, the outdoor unit, and the floor of the vehicle. a loop-shaped air passage, an outside air intake passage that opens to the outside provided on the suction side of the outdoor heat exchanger of this air passage, and an external air intake passage provided on the outlet side of the outdoor heat exchanger of the air passage. an exhaust passage that opens to the outside; a normally open opening/closing device provided in the exhaust passage and the outside air intake passage; and a normally open opening/closing device provided in the exhaust passage and the outside air intake passage; An air conditioner for a vehicle, comprising a control means for operating the device toward the closing side and operating the heater to generate heat.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16078388A JPH0214915A (en) | 1988-06-30 | 1988-06-30 | Air conditioner for vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16078388A JPH0214915A (en) | 1988-06-30 | 1988-06-30 | Air conditioner for vehicle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0214915A true JPH0214915A (en) | 1990-01-18 |
Family
ID=15722354
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16078388A Pending JPH0214915A (en) | 1988-06-30 | 1988-06-30 | Air conditioner for vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0214915A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003326949A (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-19 | Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd | Air conditioner in construction machine |
| US8820102B2 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2014-09-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Ventilation and air conditioning apparatus for vehicle |
| US9561703B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2017-02-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Vehicle air-conditioning device |
-
1988
- 1988-06-30 JP JP16078388A patent/JPH0214915A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003326949A (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2003-11-19 | Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd | Air conditioner in construction machine |
| US8820102B2 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2014-09-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Ventilation and air conditioning apparatus for vehicle |
| US9561703B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2017-02-07 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Vehicle air-conditioning device |
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