JPH02147932A - Leakage detection for pipeline - Google Patents

Leakage detection for pipeline

Info

Publication number
JPH02147932A
JPH02147932A JP30248888A JP30248888A JPH02147932A JP H02147932 A JPH02147932 A JP H02147932A JP 30248888 A JP30248888 A JP 30248888A JP 30248888 A JP30248888 A JP 30248888A JP H02147932 A JPH02147932 A JP H02147932A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
pressure
pipeline
leak
pressure drop
drop rate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP30248888A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasunori Onishi
大西 靖典
Makoto Yamagishi
誠 山岸
Hidekazu Horigome
堀篭 秀和
Takahiro Onishi
大西 隆広
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Engineering Corp
Original Assignee
NKK Corp
Nippon Kokan Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NKK Corp, Nippon Kokan Ltd filed Critical NKK Corp
Priority to JP30248888A priority Critical patent/JPH02147932A/en
Publication of JPH02147932A publication Critical patent/JPH02147932A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To detect a small leakage accurately by a method wherein a pressure drop rate is determined at a specified measuring position using a pressure value measured with a manometer and a leak is determined to occur in a pipeline when a value of the pressure drop rate is deviated from a predetermined range. CONSTITUTION:Measured pressure values are transmitted to an A/D converter 4 through an input circuit 3 from a plurality of manometers 21-26 set on a gas pipeline 1 and converted into a digital signal to be transmitted to a memory 5 and an arithmetic circuit 6 in a computer 8. The arithmetic circuit 6 inputs a measured pressure value at a desired time from the A/D converter 4 and the contents of the memory 5 and based thereon, a pressure drop rate is calculated to be transmitted to a judging circuit 7, which 7 judges the presence of a leak caused based on the pressure drop rate transmitted from the arithmetic circuit 6. When the presence of the leak is determined, a specified display is performed through an output device 8.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は例えば石油ガスや天然ガス等の流体を輸送する
パイプラインにおいて、特に輸送時におけるパイプライ
ンからの流体の漏洩を検知する方法に関するものである
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for detecting leakage of fluid from a pipeline, particularly during transportation, in a pipeline that transports a fluid such as oil gas or natural gas. It is.

(従来の技術) 一般に、ガスパイプラインにおけるガス漏れは、漏洩量
の多少に係わらず損失であるばかりでなく、場合によっ
ては爆発等の危険な状態を来たす恐れがある。このため
、従来からこのようなガスパイプラインの漏洩を検知す
る方法として、作業員がガス検知器を持ってパイプライ
ン沿いにパトロールしたり、パイプラインの途中に圧力
計を設置して監視し、圧力の計測値が所定の下限値を下
回った場合に漏洩発生と判定する方法が実施されている
(Prior Art) In general, gas leaks in gas pipelines not only result in losses, regardless of the amount of leakage, but may also lead to dangerous situations such as explosions. For this reason, conventional methods for detecting leaks in gas pipelines include having workers patrol along the pipeline with gas detectors, or installing pressure gauges along the pipeline to monitor and check the pressure. A method has been implemented in which it is determined that a leak has occurred when the measured value of is less than a predetermined lower limit value.

(発明が解決しようとする課題) しかしながら、作業員がガス検知器を持ってパイプライ
ン沿いにパトロールする方法では、多大な労力を要して
非能率的であると共に、パイプライン全体に亙って常時
監視できないため漏洩発見が手遅れになる場合がある。
(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, the method in which workers patrol along the pipeline with gas detectors requires a great deal of labor and is inefficient, as well as the method of patrolling the entire pipeline. Since constant monitoring is not possible, leaks may be detected too late.

また、パイプラインに圧力計を設置して監視し、圧力の
計測値が所定の下限値を下回った場合に漏洩発生と判定
する方法では、検知できる漏洩は極めて大量の場合に限
られる。
Furthermore, in a method in which a pressure gauge is installed in a pipeline to monitor the pipeline and a leak is determined to have occurred when the measured pressure value falls below a predetermined lower limit value, the leak that can be detected is limited to extremely large amounts.

本発明は上記のような問題を解決するために成されたも
ので、その目的はパイプライン全体に亙って連続的かつ
自動的に監視を行ない、小漏洩を確実に検知することが
可能なパイプラインの漏洩検知方法を提供することを目
的とする。
The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to continuously and automatically monitor the entire pipeline so that small leaks can be reliably detected. The purpose of this invention is to provide a pipeline leakage detection method.

(課題を解決するための手段) 上記の目的を達成するために本発明に係るパイプライン
の漏洩検知方法は、流体を輸送するパイプラインに複数
個の圧力計を所定間隔にて設置し、これらの圧力計によ
る圧力計測値を用いて所定の計測位置の圧力降下速度を
求め、この圧力降下速度の値が予め定められた範囲を逸
脱した場合にパイプラインに漏洩が発生したと判定する
ようにしている。
(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, a pipeline leakage detection method according to the present invention includes installing a plurality of pressure gauges at predetermined intervals in a pipeline transporting fluid. The pressure drop rate at a predetermined measurement position is determined using the pressure measurement value from the pressure gauge, and if this pressure drop rate value deviates from a predetermined range, it is determined that a leak has occurred in the pipeline. ing.

(作用) パイプラインに漏洩が発生すると、パイプラインの長さ
方向の圧力降下パターンが変化する。
(Operation) When a leak occurs in a pipeline, the pressure drop pattern along the length of the pipeline changes.

そして、これに伴い、所定の圧力計測位置における圧力
値を時間で1同機分したもの、すなわち圧力計測位置の
圧力降下速度は、漏洩が発生した時に著しく変化する。
As a result, the pressure value at a predetermined pressure measurement position divided by one unit over time, that is, the rate of pressure drop at the pressure measurement position, changes significantly when a leak occurs.

従って、所定の計測位置の圧力降下速度を監視し、これ
が予め定められた範囲を逸脱した場合に、パイプライン
に漏洩が発生したと判定することが可能となる。
Therefore, it is possible to monitor the pressure drop rate at a predetermined measurement position and determine that a leak has occurred in the pipeline if this rate deviates from a predetermined range.

(実施例) 以下、本発明の一実施例について図面を参照して説明す
る。
(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

第1図は、本発明による圧力計を設置したパイプライン
の一例を示す概念図である。第1図において、1は流体
である石油ガスや天然ガス等の気体(ガス)を輸送する
ために配設されたがスパイプライン、21〜26はこの
ガスパイプライン1に所定間隔で設置された複数個の圧
力計で、これら複数個の圧力計21〜26のうち21側
がガスパイプライン1の上流側である。
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a pipeline equipped with a pressure gauge according to the present invention. In Fig. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a gas pipeline installed to transport gas such as oil gas or natural gas, and 21 to 26 denote a plurality of gas pipelines installed at predetermined intervals on this gas pipeline 1. Of the plurality of pressure gauges 21 to 26, the 21 side is on the upstream side of the gas pipeline 1.

第2図は、漏洩の無いガスパイプライン1の圧力分布曲
線の一例を示す図である。第2図において、横軸はガス
パイプライン1の長さ、Sl−S6は複数個の圧力計2
1〜26の各計測位置、縦軸はガスパイプライン1の内
圧、Aは複数個の圧力計21〜26で計測した各圧力計
測値に基づいた圧力分布曲線である。この圧力分布曲線
Aにより、ガスパイプライン1に漏洩が無い場合におけ
る圧力は、上流から下流へ行くにしたがって低下すると
共に、高圧側に湾曲を形成する放物線を描いていること
が把握できる。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pressure distribution curve of the gas pipeline 1 without leakage. In Fig. 2, the horizontal axis is the length of the gas pipeline 1, and Sl-S6 is the length of the plurality of pressure gauges 2.
At each measurement position 1 to 26, the vertical axis is the internal pressure of the gas pipeline 1, and A is a pressure distribution curve based on each pressure measurement value measured by a plurality of pressure gauges 21 to 26. From this pressure distribution curve A, it can be seen that the pressure in the case where there is no leakage in the gas pipeline 1 decreases from upstream to downstream, and draws a parabola that curves toward the high pressure side.

第3図は、漏洩が無い状態から計測位置S4において漏
洩が発生し安定するまでのガスパイプライン1の圧力分
布曲線の推移の一例を示す図である。第3図において、
Aが漏洩の無い状態における圧力計測値の圧力分布曲線
、Bが漏洩発生直後における圧力計測値の圧力分布曲線
、Cが漏洩発生後しばらく時間が経過して状態が安定し
た時における圧力計測値の圧力分布曲線を示している。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the transition of the pressure distribution curve of the gas pipeline 1 from a state where there is no leakage to when a leakage occurs at the measurement position S4 and stabilizes. In Figure 3,
A is the pressure distribution curve of the pressure measurement value when there is no leakage, B is the pressure distribution curve of the pressure measurement value immediately after the leakage occurs, and C is the pressure distribution curve of the pressure measurement value when the condition has stabilized after a while after the leakage occurrence. The pressure distribution curve is shown.

この第3図から、漏洩が発生すると漏洩地点を中心に圧
力が降下し、この現象はガスパイプライン1の状態が安
定するまで続くことがわかる。
It can be seen from FIG. 3 that when a leak occurs, the pressure drops around the leak point, and this phenomenon continues until the state of the gas pipeline 1 becomes stable.

本発明は、この圧力降下に着目し、各計n1位置におけ
る所定の時間間隔をおいた圧力計測値同士の差、すなわ
ち圧力降下速度を監視することを特徴としている。すな
わち、計測位置Stにおける圧力降下速度は次式により
算出できる。
The present invention is characterized by paying attention to this pressure drop and monitoring the difference between pressure measurement values at predetermined time intervals at each total n1 position, that is, the pressure drop rate. That is, the pressure drop rate at the measurement position St can be calculated using the following equation.

Vi  (t)−P+  (t  −Δ tt  )−
PI  (t)・・・ (1) ここで、Vi  (t):計測位置S1における時刻t
の圧力降下速度、Pi  (t):計測位置Siにおけ
る時刻tの圧力計測値、Pi  (を−Δt1):計測
位置S1における時刻tより時間Δt1前の圧力計測値
である。
Vi (t)−P+ (t−Δtt)−
PI (t)... (1) Here, Vi (t): Time t at measurement position S1
Pi (t): pressure measurement value at time t at measurement position Si, Pi (-Δt1): pressure measurement value at time Δt1 before time t at measurement position S1.

第4図は、計測位置S4における漏洩発生前後の圧力降
下速度の一例を示すタイムチャートである。第4図より
、圧力降下速度は漏洩の無い時には所定の範囲内で変動
するが、漏洩が発生すると一時的にこの範囲を逸脱する
ことがわかる。従って、圧力降下速度が下式に示す如く
予め定められた値を超えた場合に、漏洩が発生したと判
定することができる。
FIG. 4 is a time chart showing an example of the pressure drop rate before and after the occurrence of leakage at the measurement position S4. From FIG. 4, it can be seen that the pressure drop rate fluctuates within a predetermined range when there is no leakage, but it temporarily deviates from this range when a leakage occurs. Therefore, when the pressure drop rate exceeds a predetermined value as shown in the equation below, it can be determined that a leak has occurred.

Vi(t)>ε1         ・・・(2)ここ
で、ε1は設定値である。なお、この現象は大きさの違
いこそあれ、漏洩地点から離れた計測位置でも見られる
Vi(t)>ε1 (2) Here, ε1 is a set value. This phenomenon can also be observed at measurement locations far from the leak point, although the magnitude may vary.

一方第5図は、本発明の方法を実施する際に用いられる
漏洩検知装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。本漏洩
検知装置は、ガスパイプライン1における各計測位置に
設置された圧力計21〜26による圧力計測値を入力し
、任意位置の任意時間と所定時間経過後との圧力計測値
の差、すなわち圧力降下速度を計算し、この圧力降下速
度を監視して漏洩時には漏洩信号を出力するものである
On the other hand, FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a leak detection device used when implementing the method of the present invention. This leak detection device inputs the pressure measurement values from the pressure gauges 21 to 26 installed at each measurement position in the gas pipeline 1, and calculates the difference between the pressure measurement values at any position at any time and after a predetermined period of time, that is, the pressure It calculates the rate of pressure drop, monitors the rate of pressure drop, and outputs a leak signal in the event of a leak.

すなわち、第5図において、21〜26はガスパイプラ
イン1に所定間隔で設置された複数個の圧力計、3はこ
れらの圧力計21〜26により計MI した圧力計測値
を入力する入力回路、4はこの入力回路3からのアナロ
グ信号をデジタル信号に変換するA/D変換器、5はこ
のA/D変換器4からの出力信号(圧力計測値)を任意
の時間分記憶するメモリ、6はA/D変換器4からの出
力信号とメモリ5の記憶内容とに基づいて圧力降下速度
を計算する演算回路、7はこの演算回路6からの圧力降
下速度に基づいて(総合的に)漏洩発生のa無を判定す
る判定回路、8はこの判定回路7で漏洩発生有と判定さ
れた場合に漏洩信号を出力する出力器、9はメモリ5.
演算回路61判定回路7を内蔵したコンピュータである
That is, in FIG. 5, 21 to 26 are a plurality of pressure gauges installed at predetermined intervals in the gas pipeline 1, 3 is an input circuit for inputting the pressure measurement values measured by these pressure gauges 21 to 26, and 4 5 is an A/D converter that converts the analog signal from this input circuit 3 into a digital signal, 5 is a memory that stores the output signal (pressure measurement value) from this A/D converter 4 for an arbitrary amount of time, and 6 is a memory that stores the output signal (pressure measurement value) from this A/D converter 4. An arithmetic circuit that calculates the rate of pressure drop based on the output signal from the A/D converter 4 and the contents stored in the memory 5, and 7 indicates the occurrence of leakage (comprehensively) based on the rate of pressure drop from the arithmetic circuit 6. 8 is an output device that outputs a leakage signal when the determination circuit 7 determines that leakage has occurred; 9 is a memory 5.
This is a computer incorporating an arithmetic circuit 61 and a determination circuit 7.

次に、本漏洩検知装置の動作について説明する。Next, the operation of the present leak detection device will be explained.

ガスパイプライン1に設置された複数個の圧力計21〜
26により計測された圧力計測値は入力回路3に人力さ
れ、これよりA/D変換器4に伝送される。A/D変換
器4では、入力回路3から伝送された圧力計測値がデジ
タル信号に変換され、これよりコンピュータ8のメモリ
5および演算回路6に伝送される。コンピュータ8の演
算回路6では、A/D変換器4から任意時刻の圧力計測
値とメモリ5の内容とを入力し、これに基づいて圧力降
下速度が計算され、これより判定回路7に伝送される。
A plurality of pressure gauges 21 installed on the gas pipeline 1
The pressure measurement value measured by 26 is input manually to the input circuit 3, and is transmitted from there to the A/D converter 4. The A/D converter 4 converts the pressure measurement value transmitted from the input circuit 3 into a digital signal, which is then transmitted to the memory 5 and arithmetic circuit 6 of the computer 8 . The arithmetic circuit 6 of the computer 8 inputs the pressure measurement value at an arbitrary time and the contents of the memory 5 from the A/D converter 4, calculates the pressure drop rate based on this, and transmits it to the determination circuit 7. Ru.

判定回路7では、演算回路6から伝送された圧力降下速
度に基づいて(総合的に)漏洩発生の有無が判定される
。この結果、判定回路7で漏洩発生有と判定された場合
には、漏洩信号が外部表示信号として出力器8から出力
され、この外部表示信号は例えば適当なデイスプレィで
数値あるいは記号やランプ等で表示される。
The determination circuit 7 determines (overall) whether or not a leak has occurred based on the pressure drop rate transmitted from the arithmetic circuit 6. As a result, if the determination circuit 7 determines that leakage has occurred, the leakage signal is output from the output device 8 as an external display signal, and this external display signal is displayed, for example, as a numerical value, symbol, lamp, etc. on an appropriate display. be done.

−!−述したように本実施例では、気体を輸送するガス
パイプライン1に所定間隔で設置された複数個の圧力計
21〜26により計測した圧力計測値に括づいて所定の
計測位置の圧力降下速度を求め、この圧力降下速度の値
が予め定められた範囲を逸脱した場合にガスパイプライ
ン1に気体の漏洩が発生したと判定するようにしている
ので、ガスパイプライン1の漏洩をガスパイプライン1
全体に亙って連続的かつ自動的に監視して確実に検知す
ることができ、安全対策上極めて優れた効果を得ること
が可能となる。
-! - As mentioned above, in this embodiment, the pressure drop rate at a predetermined measurement position is determined based on the pressure measurement values measured by the plurality of pressure gauges 21 to 26 installed at predetermined intervals in the gas pipeline 1 that transports gas. If the value of this pressure drop rate deviates from a predetermined range, it is determined that a gas leak has occurred in the gas pipeline 1.
The entire system can be continuously and automatically monitored and detected reliably, making it possible to obtain extremely excellent effects in terms of safety measures.

尚、本発明の方法は気体のパイプラインに適用した場合
に効果が著しいものであるが、液体のパイプラインにつ
いても同様に適用できることは明らかであり、この場合
には従来の方法よりも高い信頼性を得ることができる。
Although the method of the present invention is particularly effective when applied to gas pipelines, it is clear that it can be similarly applied to liquid pipelines, and in this case, it is more reliable than conventional methods. You can get sex.

(発明の効果) 以上説明したように本発明によれば、流体を輸送するパ
イプラインに複数個の圧力計を所定間隔にて設置し、こ
れらの圧力計による圧力計測値を用いて所定の計測位置
の圧力降下速度を求め、この圧力降下速度の値が予め定
められた範囲を逸脱した場合にパイプラインに漏洩が発
生したと判定するようにしたので、パイプライン全体に
亙って連続的かつ自動的に監視を行ない、小漏洩を確実
に検知することが可能なパイプラインの漏洩検知方法が
提供できる。
(Effects of the Invention) As explained above, according to the present invention, a plurality of pressure gauges are installed at predetermined intervals in a pipeline that transports fluid, and pressure measurement values from these pressure gauges are used to perform predetermined measurements. The rate of pressure drop at a given position is determined, and if the value of this rate of pressure drop deviates from a predetermined range, it is determined that a leak has occurred in the pipeline. A pipeline leak detection method that can automatically monitor and reliably detect small leaks can be provided.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明の一実施例による圧力計を設置したパイ
プラインの一例を示す概念図、第2図は漏洩の無いガス
パイプラインの圧力分布曲線の一例を示す図、第3図は
漏洩発生前後の圧力分布曲線の推移の一例を示す図、第
4図は漏洩発生前後の圧力降下速度の一例を示すタイム
チャート図、第5図は本発明の方法を実施する際に用い
られる漏洩検知装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。 1・・・ガスパイプライン、21〜26・・・圧力計、
3・・・入力回路、4・・・A/D変換器、5・・・メ
モリ、6・・・演算回路、7・・・判定回路、8・・・
出力器、9・・・コンピュータ。
Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a pipeline equipped with a pressure gauge according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pressure distribution curve of a gas pipeline without leakage, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a pressure distribution curve of a gas pipeline with no leakage. A diagram showing an example of the transition of the pressure distribution curve before and after the occurrence of a leak, FIG. 4 is a time chart diagram showing an example of the pressure drop rate before and after the occurrence of a leak, and FIG. 5 is a leak detection device used when carrying out the method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example. 1... Gas pipeline, 21-26... Pressure gauge,
3... Input circuit, 4... A/D converter, 5... Memory, 6... Arithmetic circuit, 7... Judgment circuit, 8...
Output device, 9...computer.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 流体を輸送するパイプラインに複数個の圧力計を所定間
隔にて設置し、これらの圧力計による圧力計測値を用い
て所定の計測位置の圧力降下速度を求め、この圧力降下
速度の値が予め定められた範囲を逸脱した場合にパイプ
ラインに漏洩が発生したと判定することを特徴とするパ
イプラインの漏洩検知方法。
Multiple pressure gauges are installed at predetermined intervals on a pipeline that transports fluid, and the pressure measurement values from these pressure gauges are used to determine the pressure drop rate at a predetermined measurement position. A method for detecting a pipeline leak, characterized in that it is determined that a leak has occurred in the pipeline when the leak exceeds a predetermined range.
JP30248888A 1988-11-30 1988-11-30 Leakage detection for pipeline Pending JPH02147932A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP30248888A JPH02147932A (en) 1988-11-30 1988-11-30 Leakage detection for pipeline

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP30248888A JPH02147932A (en) 1988-11-30 1988-11-30 Leakage detection for pipeline

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH02147932A true JPH02147932A (en) 1990-06-06

Family

ID=17909563

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP30248888A Pending JPH02147932A (en) 1988-11-30 1988-11-30 Leakage detection for pipeline

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH02147932A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5388445A (en) * 1992-10-16 1995-02-14 Nkk Corporation Method for determining arrival and amplitude of a wave front and apparatus therefor
JP2001337002A (en) * 2000-05-29 2001-12-07 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Leak point estimation support system and method

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58100730A (en) * 1981-12-11 1983-06-15 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Method and device for detecting leakage of pipeline

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58100730A (en) * 1981-12-11 1983-06-15 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Method and device for detecting leakage of pipeline

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5388445A (en) * 1992-10-16 1995-02-14 Nkk Corporation Method for determining arrival and amplitude of a wave front and apparatus therefor
JP2001337002A (en) * 2000-05-29 2001-12-07 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Leak point estimation support system and method

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