JPH02143257A - Electrophotographic sensitive body - Google Patents
Electrophotographic sensitive bodyInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02143257A JPH02143257A JP29619088A JP29619088A JPH02143257A JP H02143257 A JPH02143257 A JP H02143257A JP 29619088 A JP29619088 A JP 29619088A JP 29619088 A JP29619088 A JP 29619088A JP H02143257 A JPH02143257 A JP H02143257A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- layer
- surface layer
- polyethylene powder
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 19
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 11
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N Stilbene Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 description 3
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WCVOGSZTONGSQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trichloroanisole Chemical compound COC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C=C1Cl WCVOGSZTONGSQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azulene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC2=C1 CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical compound C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUMXHEUHHRTBQT-AATRIKPKSA-N 2,4-dimethoxy-1-[(e)-2-nitroethenyl]benzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(\C=C\[N+]([O-])=O)C(OC)=C1 NUMXHEUHHRTBQT-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJQYAPNPXXKRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,3-dihydro-1h-pyrazol-3-yl)-n,n-diethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C1C=CNN1 JJQYAPNPXXKRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXWVEJFXXLLAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-(diethylamino)-2-methylphenyl]-phenylmethyl]-n,n-diethyl-3-methylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)N(CC)CC)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XXWVEJFXXLLAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSZJZNNASZFXKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-propan-2-ylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 LSZJZNNASZFXKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002126 Acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000000177 Indigofera tinctoria Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinacridone Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3NC1=C2 NRCMAYZCPIVABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZTWQZJLUUZHJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vat Yellow 4 Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=O)C4=C3C2=C1C=C4 ZTWQZJLUUZHJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBZANZVJRKXVBH-GYDPHNCVSA-N alpha-Cryptoxanthin Natural products O[C@H]1CC(C)(C)C(/C=C/C(=C\C=C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C=C\C=C(/C=C/[C@H]2C(C)=CCCC2(C)C)\C)/C)\C)/C)=C(C)C1 NBZANZVJRKXVBH-GYDPHNCVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007766 curtain coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZXIJMRYMVAMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptene Chemical compound C1CCC=CCC1 ZXIJMRYMVAMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- KPVWDKBJLIDKEP-UHFFFAOYSA-L dihydroxy(dioxo)chromium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KPVWDKBJLIDKEP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940097275 indigo Drugs 0.000 description 1
- COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N indigo powder Natural products N1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C1=C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N1 COHYTHOBJLSHDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M metanil yellow Chemical group [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(N=NC=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1 NYGZLYXAPMMJTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XRWSIBVXSYPWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-n-[(4-pyrrolidin-1-ylphenyl)methylideneamino]aniline Chemical compound C1CCCN1C(C=C1)=CC=C1C=NN(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XRWSIBVXSYPWLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005668 polycarbonate resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004431 polycarbonate resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium dichromate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KMUONIBRACKNSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14708—Cover layers comprising organic material
- G03G5/14713—Macromolecular material
- G03G5/14717—Macromolecular material obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G5/14721—Polyolefins; Polystyrenes; Waxes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は電子写真感光体く関し、詳しくは耐湿性機械的
強度の優れた高耐久性の電子写真感光体に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more particularly to a highly durable electrophotographic photoreceptor with excellent moisture resistance and mechanical strength.
電子写真感光体には、適用される電子写真プロセスに応
じた所定の感度、電気特性、光学特性を備えていること
が要求されるが、さらに繰シ返し使用される感光体にあ
っては、その感光体の表面層、即ち基体より最も離れた
層（以下、表面層という）Ｋは、コロナ帯電、トナー現
像１紙への転写、クリーニング処理などの電気的、機械
的外力が直接に加えられるため、それらに対する耐久性
が要求される。Electrophotographic photoreceptors are required to have predetermined sensitivity, electrical properties, and optical properties depending on the electrophotographic process to which they are applied, but in addition, for photoreceptors that are used repeatedly, The surface layer of the photoreceptor, that is, the layer farthest from the substrate (hereinafter referred to as surface layer) K, is directly subjected to electrical and mechanical external forces such as corona charging, toner development 1 transfer to paper, and cleaning treatment. Therefore, durability against them is required.
具体的には、摺擦による表面の摩耗や傷の発生。Specifically, the occurrence of surface wear and scratches due to rubbing.
また高湿下においてコロナ帯電時に発生するオゾンによ
る表面の劣化などく対する耐久性が要求されている。Additionally, durability against surface deterioration due to ozone generated during corona charging under high humidity conditions is required.
一方、トナーの現滓、クリーニングの繰シ返しによる表
面層へのトナー付着という問題もあシ、これに対しては
表面層のクリーニング性を向上することが求められてい
る。On the other hand, there are also problems such as toner scum and toner adhesion to the surface layer due to repeated cleaning, and to solve this problem, it is required to improve the cleaning performance of the surface layer.
上記のような表面層に要求される特性を満たすため１ｃ
ａｌ々の方法が検討されているが、その中でもポリエチ
レン粉体を表面層中に分散させるという手段は効果的で
ある。ぼりエチレン粉体の分散によシ表面層の摩擦係数
が低下し、クリーニング性の向上、摩耗や傷に対する耐
久性の向上などに作用する。In order to meet the characteristics required for the surface layer as described above, 1c
Several methods have been studied, among which the method of dispersing polyethylene powder in the surface layer is effective. The dispersion of the ethylene powder reduces the coefficient of friction of the surface layer, which improves cleaning performance and durability against wear and scratches.
また表面層の撥水性、雌型性も向上するため高湿下での
表面劣化の防止に対しても有効である。Furthermore, since the water repellency and female moldability of the surface layer are improved, it is also effective in preventing surface deterioration under high humidity.
しかしながらプリエチレン粉体の分散においては、その
分散性、凝集性に問題があり、均一で平滑な膜を形成す
ることが困難であるため、得られた表面層は画像むらや
ピンホールなどの画像欠陥を有することが避けられなか
った。However, when dispersing polyethylene powder, there are problems with its dispersibility and cohesiveness, making it difficult to form a uniform and smooth film. It was inevitable that it would have defects.
そこでポリエチレン粉体を均一に分散し平滑な膜を形成
する方法の１つに界面活性剤を分散助剤として用いるこ
とが提案されておシ、近年、このポリエチレン粉体の添
加量を増すことによシ感光体の摩耗量をさらに低下させ
感光体の寿命を伸ばすことが検討されている。こＯ？プ
リエチレン粉体増加に伴ない分散助剤である界面活性剤
の添加量も増加させなくてはならない。この界面活性剤
の増量によシ塗布液が泡立つ１発生した泡が消えにくい
といりた問題点が発生した。また、界面活性剤を増やし
た電子写真感光体は繰シ返し使用による感度低下、高温
高湿環境下における感度低下といった電子写真特性の劣
化を引き起こしていた。Therefore, one method of uniformly dispersing polyethylene powder and forming a smooth film has been proposed to use a surfactant as a dispersion aid, and in recent years, the amount of polyethylene powder added has been increased. Studies are currently underway to further reduce the amount of wear on the photoreceptor and extend the life of the photoreceptor. Koo? As the amount of polyethylene powder increases, the amount of surfactant, which is a dispersion aid, must also be increased. This increase in the amount of surfactant caused the problem that the coating solution foamed and the foam that formed was difficult to disappear. Furthermore, electrophotographic photoreceptors with increased surfactant content have caused deterioration in electrophotographic properties, such as a decrease in sensitivity due to repeated use and a decrease in sensitivity under high temperature and high humidity environments.
さらに、導電性支持体、電荷発生層、電荷輸送層を順次
積層して成る機能分離型感光体くおいては、表面層であ
る電荷輸送層のオゾン、 ＮＯｘ等の帯′成生成物によ
る劣化を防止するため酸化防止剤等の添加剤を電荷輸送
層中に添加することが提案されておシこの添加剤と先の
ポリエチレン粉体の分散助剤である界面活性剤とが共存
することによりさらに電子写真特性の劣化を引き起こす
ことが解った。Furthermore, in functionally separated photoreceptors that are formed by successively laminating a conductive support, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer, the charge transport layer, which is the surface layer, is subject to deterioration due to band formation products such as ozone and NOx. It has been proposed to add additives such as antioxidants to the charge transport layer in order to prevent this. Furthermore, it was found that it caused deterioration of electrophotographic properties.
このように、ポリエチレン粉体を添加した電子写真感光
体においては種々の問題点がありた。As described above, electrophotographic photoreceptors to which polyethylene powder is added have various problems.
本発明は前述の要求に答えるべき電子写真感光体を提供
することＫある。An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that meets the above-mentioned requirements.
即ち本発明の目的の第一は、摺擦による表面の摩耗や傷
の発生などく対して耐久性を有する電子写真感光体を提
供することＫある。That is, a first object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has durability against surface abrasion and scratches caused by rubbing.
目的の第二は、高湿下においても安定で高品位な画像を
得られる電子写真感光体を提供することＫある。The second objective is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that can provide stable, high-quality images even under high humidity conditions.
目的の第三は、クリーニング性が良好で表面層へのトナ
ーの付着のない電子写真感光体を提供することＫある。A third objective is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has good cleaning properties and does not have toner attached to its surface layer.
目的の第四は１表面の塗膜むらやピンホールがなく、か
つ繰り返し電子写真プロセスにおいて残留電位の蓄積が
なく常に高品位の画像が得られる電子写真感光体を提供
することである。The fourth objective is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has no coating unevenness or pinholes on one surface, and that does not accumulate residual potential during repeated electrophotographic processes and can always produce high-quality images.
目的の第五は、分散助剤による電子写真特性の劣化のな
い電子写真感光体を提供することである。A fifth objective is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor whose electrophotographic properties are not degraded by a dispersion aid.
本発明者らは上記目的に従って鋭意検討した結果表面酸
化処理が施されたポリエチレン粉体が分散された表面層
を有する電子写真感光体が前述の要求に答えるものであ
ることを見い出し本発明を完成し九。As a result of extensive studies in accordance with the above objectives, the present inventors discovered that an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a surface layer in which polyethylene powder subjected to surface oxidation treatment was dispersed satisfies the above requirements, and completed the present invention. Nine.
即ち、本発明は、導電性支持体上に感光層を有する電子
写真感光体において、表面層に表面酸化処理されたポリ
エチレン粉体が含有されていることを特徴とする電子写
真感光体である。That is, the present invention is an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, characterized in that the surface layer contains polyethylene powder subjected to surface oxidation treatment.
本発明では、塗膜中に表面酸化処理されたプリエチレン
粉体が均一に分散されるため、界面活性剤を多量に添加
する必要もなく、ａ血液中に泡の発生することがなくな
った。In the present invention, since the surface-oxidized polyethylene powder is uniformly dispersed in the coating film, there is no need to add a large amount of surfactant, and no bubbles are generated in the blood.
本発明に適用するポリエチレン粉体の分子量や粉体粒径
は市販品のブレードから適宜選択して用いることができ
る。The molecular weight and powder particle size of the polyethylene powder applied to the present invention can be appropriately selected from commercially available blades.
表面層に分散されるポリエチレン粉体の含有度は、表面
層固形分（／リエチレン粉体を除く）重量に対して１〜
５０重量係重量当であり特ＶＣ１〜３０重量係が好まし
い。含有率が１％未満ではポリエチレン粉体による表面
層改質効果が十分でなく一方５ａｔｉｎを越えると光透
過性が低下しかクキャリア移動性も低下する。The content of polyethylene powder dispersed in the surface layer is 1 to 1 based on the weight of the surface layer solid content (excluding polyethylene powder).
50 weight ratio, and preferably VC1 to 30 weight ratio. If the content is less than 1%, the effect of modifying the surface layer by the polyethylene powder will not be sufficient, while if it exceeds 5atin, the light transmittance and carrier mobility will decrease.
又５本発明におけるポリエチレン粉体の表面酸化処理方
法としてはコロナ放電処理、オゾン処理、化学処理等の
表面処理方法を用いることが可能である。表面層を形成
するためのバインダー樹脂は成膜性のある高分子であれ
ばよいが、単独でもある程度の硬さを有すること、キャ
リヤー輸送を妨害しないことなどの点からＩリメタクリ
ル酸エステル、プリスチレン、メタクリル酸エステル／
スチレン共重合体、／リカー−ネート、ボリアリレート
、ポリエステル、Ｉリスルホン等が好ましい。Furthermore, as the method for surface oxidation treatment of polyethylene powder in the present invention, it is possible to use surface treatment methods such as corona discharge treatment, ozone treatment, and chemical treatment. The binder resin for forming the surface layer may be any polymer with film-forming properties, but from the viewpoints of having a certain degree of hardness even when used alone and not interfering with carrier transport, we use I-remethacrylic acid ester, polymer, etc. Styrene, methacrylate ester/
Styrene copolymers, /recarnates, polyarylates, polyesters, Irisulfone, etc. are preferred.
本発明の電子写真感光体を製造する場合、支持体として
は、アルミニウム、ステンレスなどの金属、紙、ｆ’）
スチレンなどの円筒状シリンダーまたはフィルムが用い
られる。When producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, the support may be metal such as aluminum or stainless steel, paper, f')
Cylindrical cylinders or films such as styrene are used.
これらの支持体の上にはノ４リアー機能と下引機能をも
つ下引層（接着層）を設けることができる。A subbing layer (adhesive layer) having a rear function and a subbing function can be provided on these supports.
下引層は感光層の接着性改良、塗工性改良、支持体の保
護、支持体上の欠陥の被覆、支持体からの電荷注入性改
良、感光層の電気的破壊に対する保護などのために形成
される。下引層の材料としては、ポリビニルアルコール
、ポリ−Ｎ−ビニルイミダゾール、Ｉリエチレンオキシ
ド、エチルセルローλ、メチルセルロース、エチレン−
アクリル酸コポリマー、カゼイン、ポリアミド、共重合
ナイロン、にかわ、ゼラチンなどが知られている。The subbing layer is used to improve adhesion of the photosensitive layer, improve coating properties, protect the support, cover defects on the support, improve charge injection from the support, protect the photosensitive layer from electrical damage, etc. It is formed. Materials for the undercoat layer include polyvinyl alcohol, poly-N-vinylimidazole, I-lyethylene oxide, ethylcellulose λ, methylcellulose, ethylene-
Known examples include acrylic acid copolymers, casein, polyamides, copolymerized nylons, glue, and gelatin.
これらはそれぞれく適し九溶剤に溶解されて支持体上に
塗布される。その膜厚は０．２〜２μｍ程度である。Each of these is dissolved in a suitable solvent and applied onto the support. The film thickness is about 0.2 to 2 μm.
電荷発生物質としてはシアニン系染料、アズレン系染料
、スクプアリリウム系染料、ピリリクム系染料、チアピ
リリウム系染料、７タロシアニン系顔料、アントアント
ロン系顔料、ジベンズピレンキノン系顔料、−ラントロ
ン系顔料、モノアゾ顔料、ジスアゾ顔料、トリスアゾ顔
料等、アゾ系顔料、インジゴ系顔料、キナクリドン系顔
料、非対称キックアニン、キノシアニンなどを用いるこ
とができる。The charge generating substances include cyanine dyes, azulene dyes, scuparylium dyes, pyrylicum dyes, thiapyrylium dyes, 7-thalocyanine pigments, anthorone pigments, dibenzpyrenequinone pigments, -lanthrone pigments, monoazo pigments, Azo pigments such as disazo pigments and trisazo pigments, azo pigments, indigo pigments, quinacridone pigments, asymmetric kickanine, quinocyanine, and the like can be used.
電荷輸送物質としては、Ｎ−イソプロピルカルバゾール
、Ｎ−メ？ルーＮ−フェニルヒドラジノ−３−メチリデ
ン−９−エチルカルバゾール、Ｎ、Ｎ−ジフェニルヒド
ラジノ−３−メチリデン−９−エチルカルバゾールナト
のカルバソール系化合物、ｐ−ジエチルアミノベンズア
ルデヒド−Ｎ−α−す７チルーＮ−フェニルヒドラゾン
、ｐ−ピロリジノベンズアルデヒド−Ｎ、Ｎ−ジフェニ
ルヒドラゾン、 １，３．３− ）ジメチルインドレニ
ン−ω−アルデヒド−Ｎ、Ｎ−ジフェニルヒドラゾン、
ｐ−ジエチルベンズアルデヒド−３−メチルベンズチア
ゾリノン−２−ヒドラゾンなどのヒドラゾン系化合物、
１−〔ピリジル（２） ］ −３−（ｐ −ジエチルア
ミノスチリル）−４−メチル−５−（ｐ−ジエチルアミ
ノフェニル）ピラゾリン、１−〔ピリジル（２） ）
−３−（α−メチル−Ｐ−ジエチルアミノスチリル）−
５−（ｐ−ジエチルアミノフェニル）ピラゾリンなどの
ピラゾリン系化合物、２−（ｐ−ジエチルアミノスチリ
ル）−６−ジニチルアミノベンズオキサゾール、２−（
ｐ−ジエチルアミノ７エ二ル）−４−（ｐ−ジメチルア
ミノフェニル）−５−（２−クロロフェニル）オキサゾ
ールなどのオキサゾール系化合物、２−（ｐ−ジエチル
アミノスチリル）−６−／／エチルアミノベンズチアゾ
ールなどのチアゾール系化合物、ビス（４−ジエチルア
ミノ−２−メチルフェニル）フェニルメタンなどのトリ
アリールメタン系化合物、１，１−ビス（４−Ｎ、Ｎ−
ジエチルアミン−２−メチルフェニル）ヘプタン、 １
，１，２．２−テトラキス（４−Ｎ、Ｎ −−／メチル
アミノー２−メチルフェニル）エタンなどのポリアリー
ルアルカン類５−（４−ジフェニルアミノベンジリデン
）−５′−ジペンゾ〔為、ｄ〕シクロヘプテン、１．２
−ベンゾ−３−（α−７エニルスチリル）−９−、−ブ
チルカル−１ゾール等のスチルベン化合＊などを用いる
ことができる。As the charge transport substance, N-isopropylcarbazole, N-methane? N-phenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-9-ethylcarbazole, N,N-diphenylhydrazino-3-methylidene-9-ethylcarbazole, carbazole-based compounds, p-diethylaminobenzaldehyde-N-α-su7 N-phenylhydrazone, p-pyrrolidinobenzaldehyde-N,N-diphenylhydrazone, 1,3.3-) dimethylindolenine-ω-aldehyde-N,N-diphenylhydrazone,
hydrazone compounds such as p-diethylbenzaldehyde-3-methylbenzthiazolinone-2-hydrazone;
1-[pyridyl(2)]-3-(p-diethylaminostyryl)-4-methyl-5-(p-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 1-[pyridyl(2))
-3-(α-methyl-P-diethylaminostyryl)-
Pyrazoline compounds such as 5-(p-diethylaminophenyl)pyrazoline, 2-(p-diethylaminostyryl)-6-dinithylaminobenzoxazole, 2-(
Oxazole compounds such as p-diethylamino7enyl)-4-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-5-(2-chlorophenyl)oxazole, 2-(p-diethylaminostyryl)-6-//ethylaminobenzthiazole thiazole compounds such as, triarylmethane compounds such as bis(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)phenylmethane, 1,1-bis(4-N,N-
diethylamine-2-methylphenyl)heptane, 1
, 1,2.2-tetrakis(4-N,N--/methylamino-2-methylphenyl)ethane and other polyarylalkanes 5-(4-diphenylaminobenzylidene)-5'-dipenzo[tame,d]cycloheptene , 1.2
Stilbene compounds* such as -benzo-3-(α-7enylstyryl)-9-, -butylcar-1zole, etc. can be used.
本発明の電子写真感光体の作成方法を電荷発生層上に電
荷輸送層を積層する機能分離型感光体の場合を例として
説明する。The method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention will be explained using an example of a functionally separated photoreceptor in which a charge transport layer is laminated on a charge generation layer.
前記の電荷発生物質を０．３〜１０９倍量の結着剤樹脂
および溶剤と共にホモジナイザー、超音波、ｄ−ルミル
、振動？−ルミル、サンドミル、アトライター ロール
ミルなどの方法でよく分散する。The above charge generating substance is mixed with a binder resin and a solvent in an amount of 0.3 to 109 times using a homogenizer, ultrasonic waves, d-lumin, vibration? - Disperses well using methods such as lumill, sand mill, attritor roll mill, etc.
この分散液を前記下引層を塗布した基体上に塗布、乾燥
し、０．１〜１μｍ程度の塗膜を形成させる。This dispersion is applied onto the substrate coated with the undercoat layer and dried to form a coating film of about 0.1 to 1 μm.
このｆｌＩにおいては、表面層が′電荷輸送層となるの
でここにポリエチレン粉体を分散するが、このポリエチ
レン粉体は分散に先立ち前述した様なコロナ放電処理、
オゾン処理、化学処理等の方法により表面改質したもの
を使用する。表面処理の終ったポリエチレン粉体は、バ
インダー樹脂、ポリエチレン粉体及び溶剤と共にホモジ
ナイザー、超音波、ボールミル、サンドミル、アトライ
ターロールミルなどで分散し、これに電荷輸送物質と結
着剤樹脂の溶液を添加し、所望の電荷輸送層液を調合す
る。In this flI, polyethylene powder is dispersed in the surface layer as it becomes a charge transport layer, but prior to dispersion, this polyethylene powder is subjected to the corona discharge treatment as described above.
Use those whose surface has been modified by methods such as ozone treatment or chemical treatment. The surface-treated polyethylene powder is dispersed together with the binder resin, polyethylene powder, and solvent using a homogenizer, ultrasonic wave, ball mill, sand mill, attritor roll mill, etc., and a solution of the charge transport substance and binder resin is added to this. and prepare the desired charge transport layer liquid.
電荷輸送物質とバインダー樹脂との混合割合は２：１〜
ｌ：４程度である。The mixing ratio of charge transport material and binder resin is 2:1~
l: about 4.
溶剤としてはトルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素
類、ジクロルメタン、クロルペ／ゼン。Solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, dichloromethane, and chlorpe/zene.
クロロホルム、四基化炭素々どの塩素系炭化水素類など
が用いられる。この溶液を塗布する際には。Chlorinated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and carbon tetracarbons are used. When applying this solution.
例えば浸漬コーティング法、スプレーコーティング法、
スピンナーコーティング法、ピードコーティング法、ブ
レードコーティング法、カーテンコーティング法などの
コーティング法を用いることができ、乾燥は１０〜２０
０℃、好ましくは２０〜１５０℃の範囲の温度で５分〜
５時間、好ましくは１０分〜２時間の時間で送風乾燥ま
たは静止乾燥下で行なうことができる。形成した電荷輸
送層の膜厚は１０〜３０μｍ程度である。For example, dip coating method, spray coating method,
Coating methods such as spinner coating method, pea coating method, blade coating method, and curtain coating method can be used, and drying time is 10 to 20 minutes.
5 minutes to 0°C, preferably at a temperature in the range of 20 to 150°C
The drying can be carried out for 5 hours, preferably from 10 minutes to 2 hours, under blow drying or stationary drying. The thickness of the formed charge transport layer is about 10 to 30 μm.
又電荷発生層を電荷輸送層上に！！！設する感光体の場
合ＫＦ′ｉ、！荷発生層が表面層になるので、ここに表
面酸化処理されたポリエチレン粉体が含有される。この
電荷発生層分散液は、電荷発生層に用いる結着樹脂中に
表面酸化処理されたポリエチレン粉体を分散させた分散
液を前述の様に調製した電荷発生物質の分散液に添加、
混合する方法によって調製することができ、この分散液
を電荷輸送層上に塗布して氷見用へ感光体を得ることが
できる。Also, place the charge generation layer on the charge transport layer! ! ! In the case of a photoconductor to be installed, KF′i,! Since the load-generating layer becomes the surface layer, the surface oxidized polyethylene powder is contained therein. This charge generation layer dispersion is prepared by adding a dispersion of surface oxidized polyethylene powder dispersed in a binder resin used for the charge generation layer to a charge generation material dispersion prepared as described above.
It can be prepared by a mixing method, and a photoreceptor for Himi use can be obtained by coating this dispersion on a charge transport layer.
又、感光層の上に保護層を設け、保護層が表面層となる
場合には、この保護層中に表面酸化処理されたポリエチ
レン粉体が含有される。この保護層は前述の様に保護層
を形成する樹脂中に表面酸化処理された。ｄ リエチレ
ン粉体を分散させた分散液を感光層上に塗布することに
よって得ることができる。Further, when a protective layer is provided on the photosensitive layer and the protective layer serves as a surface layer, this protective layer contains polyethylene powder subjected to surface oxidation treatment. This protective layer was subjected to surface oxidation treatment in the resin forming the protective layer as described above. d It can be obtained by coating a dispersion liquid containing polyethylene powder on the photosensitive layer.
以下、本発明を実施例にて詳細に説明する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples.
実施例エ ポリエチレン粉体の表面酸化処理方法。Example D Surface oxidation treatment method for polyethylene powder.
１）コロナ放電処理 ポリエチレン粉体（商品名＝７０−センＵＦ。1) Corona discharge treatment Polyethylene powder (trade name = 70-sen UF.
製鉄化学（株）裂）をステンレス製の容器の上に厚さ約
２−になるように均一に散布しその上から幅２５■、
高さ１５ｍ、長さ３４０ｍのステンレスから成る帯電器
ハクスに太さ６０μｍのタングステンワイヤーを張った
コロナ帯電器により印加電圧−６ｋＶ、総電流２００μ
Ａの放電条件でタングステンワイヤーと前記ポリエチレ
ン粉体の距離を約２０鯵に保ちつつコロナ放電処理を行
なった。尚、均一に処理を行々うためステンレス容器を
２０ｙｍ／ｍ ｌ ！ｌの速度で前後に移動させ単位面
積肖シのコロナ放電時間が２分／帰２になるようにコロ
ナ放電処理を行なった。この表面酸化処理を施したポリ
エチレン粉体をム１とする。Sprinkle Seitetsu Kagaku Co., Ltd.) evenly onto a stainless steel container to a thickness of approximately 2cm, and then sprinkle a 25cm wide layer over it.
A corona charger made of stainless steel with a height of 15m and a length of 340m is connected to a tungsten wire with a thickness of 60μm.The applied voltage is -6kV and the total current is 200μ.
Corona discharge treatment was performed under discharge conditions A while maintaining the distance between the tungsten wire and the polyethylene powder at about 20 mm. In addition, in order to perform the treatment uniformly, the stainless steel container should be 20mm/ml! The corona discharge treatment was carried out by moving the sample back and forth at a speed of 1, so that the corona discharge time per unit area was 2 minutes/2 minutes. The polyethylene powder subjected to this surface oxidation treatment is referred to as Mu1.
１１）オゾン処理
先に用いたポリエチレン粉体をステンレス製の容器の上
に厚さ約５ｍになるように均一に数分しオゾン雰囲気槽
（金田理化工業（株）製型式〇−３−２）Ｋ入れオゾン
濃度３００ ｐｐｍにて２０分間オゾン処理を行なった
。この表面酸化処理を施したポリエチレン粉体をム２と
する。11) Spread the polyethylene powder used for ozone treatment uniformly on a stainless steel container for several minutes to a thickness of about 5 m and place it in an ozone atmosphere bath (Model 0-3-2 manufactured by Kaneda Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd.). Ozone treatment was performed for 20 minutes at an ozone concentration of 300 ppm with K added. The polyethylene powder subjected to this surface oxidation treatment is referred to as Mu2.
１１１）化学処理
ガラスビーカーに先のポリエチレン粉体２００Ｉを入れ
その中に硫酸−クロム酸混液（Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７；１（２
０； Ｈ２ＢＯ３−４，４： ８８．５ ： ７．１重
量比） ５００、ｄを加え軽くガラス棒で攪拌し３０秒
間靜装した後、ろ過を行ないポリエチレンを分離した。111) Put 200I of the above polyethylene powder into a chemically treated glass beaker and add sulfuric acid-chromic acid mixture (K2Cr2O7; 1(2
0; H2BO3-4,4: 88.5: 7.1 weight ratio) 500.d was added, stirred lightly with a glass rod, kept quiet for 30 seconds, and then filtered to separate polyethylene.
そしてこの化学処理の終ったポリエチレンを８００に加
温し比熱風乾燥機により３時間乾燥した。この表面酸化
処理を施したポリエチレン粉体を扁３とする。The chemically treated polyethylene was then heated to 800℃ and dried for 3 hours using a specific hot air dryer. The polyethylene powder subjected to this surface oxidation treatment is referred to as a flat plate 3.
実施例２
８０φＸ３６０ｍのアルミニウムシリンダーを基体とし
、これにポリアミド（商品名アミランＣＭ−４０００、
東しく株）製）の５チメタノール溶液を浸漬撒布し、１
μｍ厚の下引層を設けた。Example 2 An aluminum cylinder of 80φ x 360m was used as a base, and polyamide (trade name: Amilan CM-4000,
Toshishiku Co., Ltd.) 5-time methanol solution was immersed and sprayed.
A micrometer-thick subbing layer was provided.
次に下記構造式のシスアゾ顔料を１０部（重量部、以下
同様）、
トン７０〜１２０（適宜）部を加えて下引層上に塗布し
、膜厚０．２０１ｔｍの電荷発生層を形成した。Next, 10 parts (parts by weight, same hereinafter) and 70 to 120 parts (appropriate) of a cis-azo pigment having the following structural formula were added and coated on the undercoat layer to form a charge generation layer with a thickness of 0.201 tm. .
次に、ポリメチルメタクリレート（商品名：ダイヤナー
ルＢＲ−８５三菱レーヨン製）１０部、前記ＡＸのポリ
エチレン粉体１０部をモノクロルベンゼン４０部、ブト
２ヒドロフ２フ３０部中に溶解し、ステンレスＭｙＷ−
ルミルにて４８時間分散した。得られた分散液１０部に
対し
ポリビニルブチラール（商品名工スレツクＢＭ−２、種
水化学（株）製）５部およびシクロヘキサノン５０部を
１φガラスピーズを用いたサンドミルで２００時間分散
た。この分散液にメチルエチルケで示される構造式のヒ
ドラゾン化合物１０部と上記ポリメチルメタクリレート
１０部をモノクロルベンゼン６０部に溶解した樹脂酸ｅ
、７０部を混合し電荷輸送層溶液を調製した。この溶液
を上記電荷発生層上に塗布し、１１０℃、９０分熱Ｊ虱
乾燥して１８μｍの電荷輸送層を形成した。得られた電
荷輸送層表面は均一で平滑でめった（平均面徂さ０．２
μｍ）。これを試料１とする。比較のため前記表面処理
を施していないポリエチレン粉体を用い上記と同様にし
て感光体を作成し、これを試料２とする。Next, 10 parts of polymethyl methacrylate (trade name: Dianal BR-85 manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon) and 10 parts of the polyethylene powder of the above AX were dissolved in 40 parts of monochlorobenzene and 30 parts of buto2hydrof2fu, and stainless steel MyW −
The mixture was dispersed in Lumil for 48 hours. To 10 parts of the resulting dispersion, 5 parts of polyvinyl butyral (trade name: Kosuretsu BM-2, manufactured by Tanezu Kagaku Co., Ltd.) and 50 parts of cyclohexanone were dispersed for 200 hours in a sand mill using 1φ glass beads. In this dispersion, 10 parts of a hydrazone compound having the structural formula represented by methylethylke and 10 parts of the above polymethyl methacrylate were dissolved in 60 parts of monochlorobenzene.
, 70 parts were mixed to prepare a charge transport layer solution. This solution was coated on the charge generation layer and dried under heat at 110° C. for 90 minutes to form a charge transport layer of 18 μm. The surface of the charge transport layer obtained was uniform, smooth and uneven (average surface area 0.2
μm). This is designated as sample 1. For comparison, a photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as above using polyethylene powder that had not been subjected to the surface treatment, and this was designated as Sample 2.
試料２は表面層のポリエチレン粉体の凝集力甚だしく、
画像評価に値しない状態であった。一方、ポリエチレン
粉体を添加しないものを上記と同様に作成した。これを
試料３とする。In sample 2, the cohesive force of the polyethylene powder in the surface layer was extremely strong.
The condition was not worthy of image evaluation. On the other hand, a sample without the addition of polyethylene powder was prepared in the same manner as above. This is designated as sample 3.
これらの各試料を１次帯電、画像露光、乾式トナー現像
、転写紙へのトナー像の転写、転写紙の感光体からの分
離、クリームング、前露光からなる電子写真プロセスを
有する電子写真複写機ＮＰ−３７２５機（キャノン（株
）製）によシ、初期画倖性、耐久特性について評価を行
なった。先ず初期画像特性は、先の現像器位置における
感光体表面電位が原稿Ｏ黒地部−６５０Ｖ、白地部−１
３０ｖになるよりに、先の１次帯電器の放電ワイヤーの
位置１画ｇＩＮ光装置に用いているハロダンラングの点
灯電圧をそれぞれｖＩ４整して各試料とも同一潜像電位
になるようＫして初期画像を得た。又、耐久特性につい
ては、初期画像評価後そのままの条件にて常温常湿２３
℃、５５優Ｒｆ（。Each of these samples is transferred to an electrophotographic copying machine that has an electrophotographic process consisting of primary charging, image exposure, dry toner development, transfer of the toner image to transfer paper, separation of the transfer paper from the photoreceptor, creaming, and pre-exposure. Evaluations were made on NP-3725 machine (manufactured by Canon Inc.) with respect to initial printability and durability. First, regarding the initial image characteristics, the photoreceptor surface potential at the previous developing device position is -650V for the black background part of the original O, and -650V for the white background part.
Before the voltage reaches 30V, adjust the lighting voltage of the Halodan Lang used in the gIN light device for each position of the discharge wire of the primary charger to vI4 so that each sample has the same latent image potential. Got the image. In addition, regarding durability characteristics, after the initial image evaluation, it was tested under the same conditions at room temperature and humidity at 23℃.
℃, 55 Excellent Rf (.
高温高湿３２．５℃９０４ＲＨそれぞれの環境下におい
て３０，０００枚の耐久性評価により行なった。Durability evaluation was carried out on 30,000 sheets under environments of high temperature, high humidity, 32.5° C., and 904 RH.
結果を表ＩＫ示す。The results are shown in Table IK.
実施例３
８０φ×３６０鱈のアルミニウムシリンダーを支持体と
し、これにポリアミド（商品名アミランＣＭ−８０００
、東しく株）製）の５係メタノール溶液を浸漬塗布し、
１μｍ厚の下引層を設けた。Example 3 An 80φ x 360mm aluminum cylinder was used as a support, and polyamide (trade name Amilan CM-8000) was applied to this.
, manufactured by Toshiku Co., Ltd.) by dip coating,
A subbing layer with a thickness of 1 μm was provided.
次に、実施例２と同じ材料及び方法にて電荷発生層を形
成した。次に、ビスフェノール２型ポリカーゴネート（
三菱ガス化学（株）製）１０部、前記４２の４リ工チレ
ン粉体２０部をシクロヘキサノン５０部テトラヒドロフ
ラン２０部中に溶解し、１ｍφのガラスピーズを用いた
サンドミル装置にて２０時間分散した。得られた分散液
１０部に対し、下記構造式のピラゾリン化合物１２部と
上記ポリカー♂ネート樹脂１０部をシクロヘキサ２フ４
０部、テトラヒドロフラン２０部中に溶解した樹脂溶液
７０部を混合し、電荷輸送層溶液を１！Ｊｉｍした。こ
の溶液を上記電荷発生層上に塗布し１１０℃、９０分熱
風乾燥して２０μｍの電荷輸送層を形成した。表面粗さ
は０．２μｍ以下であった。Next, a charge generation layer was formed using the same materials and method as in Example 2. Next, bisphenol type 2 polycargonate (
(manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 20 parts of the 4-reproduced tyrene powder of No. 42 above were dissolved in 50 parts of cyclohexanone and 20 parts of tetrahydrofuran, and dispersed for 20 hours in a sand mill apparatus using 1 mφ glass beads. To 10 parts of the obtained dispersion, 12 parts of a pyrazoline compound having the following structural formula and 10 parts of the above polycarbonate resin were added to 24 parts of cyclohexane.
0 parts, and 70 parts of the resin solution dissolved in 20 parts of tetrahydrofuran are mixed to form a charge transport layer solution of 1! Jim did it. This solution was applied onto the charge generation layer and dried with hot air at 110° C. for 90 minutes to form a charge transport layer with a thickness of 20 μm. The surface roughness was 0.2 μm or less.
これを試料４とする。This is designated as sample 4.
比較のため、前記表面処理を施していないポリエチレン
粉体を用い上記と同様にして感光体を作成し、これを試
料５とする。For comparison, a photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as above using polyethylene powder that had not been subjected to the surface treatment, and this was designated as Sample 5.
試料５は表面層のポリエチレン粉体の凝集が甚だしく、
画像評価に値しない状態であった。Sample 5 had severe agglomeration of polyethylene powder in the surface layer.
The condition was not worthy of image evaluation.
一方、ポリエチレンを添加しないものを上記と同様に作
成した。これを試料６とする。On the other hand, a sample without adding polyethylene was prepared in the same manner as above. This is designated as sample 6.
これらの各試料に対し、実施例２同様に耐久性評価を行
なった。結果を表２に示す。Durability evaluation was performed on each of these samples in the same manner as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 2.
実施例４
８０φ×３６０冑のアルミニウムシリンダーを支持体と
し、これにポリアミド（商品名アミランＣＭ−８０００
．東しく株）製）の５チメタノール溶液を浸漬塗布し、
０，５μｍ厚の〒別層を設けた。Example 4 An aluminum cylinder of 80φ x 360mm was used as a support, and polyamide (trade name Amilan CM-8000
．． 5-time methanol solution (manufactured by Toshishiku Co., Ltd.) was applied by dip coating,
A separate layer with a thickness of 0.5 μm was provided.
次に下記構造式のジスアゾ顔料を１０部、ズを用いたサ
ンドミル装置にて２０時間分散した。Next, 10 parts of a disazo pigment having the following structural formula was dispersed for 20 hours in a sand mill using a sand mill.
得られた分散液１０部に対し、下記構造式のスチルベン
化合物を１０部、前記ポリカーゴネート樹ポリビニルブ
チラール６樹脂（商品名：エスレックＢＬ−８．積水化
学製）６部、及びシクロヘキサノン５０部を１■φガラ
スピーズを用いたサンドミル装置で２０時間分散した。To 10 parts of the obtained dispersion, 10 parts of a stilbene compound having the following structural formula, 6 parts of the polycarbonate tree polyvinyl butyral 6 resin (trade name: S-LEC BL-8, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical), and 50 parts of cyclohexanone were added. Dispersion was carried out for 20 hours using a sand mill device using 1 φ glass beads.
この分散液にテトラヒドロ７ラン１００部を加えて下引
き層上に塗布し、０．２μｍ厚の電荷発生層を形成した
。100 parts of Tetrahydro 7ran was added to this dispersion and applied onto the undercoat layer to form a charge generation layer with a thickness of 0.2 μm.
次に、実施例２で用いたビスフェノールｚ型Ｉリカーメ
ネート１０部、前記＆３の一すエチレン粉体１０部、ジ
クロルメタン５０部、モノクロルベンゼン１０部中に溶
解し、１■φのガラスビー脂１０部をジクロルメタン５
０部、モノクロルベンゼン１０部に洛解した樹脂溶液７
０部を混合し電荷輸送層溶液を調製した。これに酸化防
止剤として１，３．５− ）リスチル−２，４，６−）
リス（３，５−Ｊ −ｔ＠ｒｔ ｆチル−４−ヒドロキ
シベンジル）ベンゼンを０．３部添加し上記電荷発生層
上に塗布し１１０℃、９０分熱風乾燥して２０μｍの電
荷輸送層を形成した。これを試料７とする。Next, 10 parts of the bisphenol z type I recarmenate used in Example 2, 10 parts of monoethylene powder of &3 above, 50 parts of dichloromethane, and 10 parts of monochlorobenzene were dissolved, and 10 parts of glass bee fat of 1 φ was added. dichloromethane 5
Resin solution 7 dissolved in 0 parts and 10 parts of monochlorobenzene
0 parts were mixed to prepare a charge transport layer solution. As an antioxidant, 1,3,5-) listyl-2,4,6-)
0.3 part of lith(3,5-J-t@rtf-thyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene was added and applied onto the charge generation layer, and dried with hot air at 110°C for 90 minutes to form a charge transport layer of 20 μm. Formed. This is designated as sample 7.
比較のため、＃記表面処理を施していないポリエチレン
粉体を用い上記と同様にして感光体を作成し、これを試
料８とする。For comparison, a photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as above using polyethylene powder that had not been subjected to the # surface treatment, and this was designated as Sample 8.
試料８は表面層のポリエチレン粉体の凝集が甚だしく、
画像評価に値しない状態であった。Sample 8 had severe agglomeration of polyethylene powder in the surface layer.
The condition was not worthy of image evaluation.
一方、ポリエチレンを添加しないものを上記と同様に作
成した。これを試料９とする。On the other hand, a sample without adding polyethylene was prepared in the same manner as above. This is designated as sample 9.
これらの各試料に対し、実施例２同様に耐久性評価を行
なった。結果を表３に示す。Durability evaluation was performed on each of these samples in the same manner as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 3.
実施例５
実Ｍ１９１４で用いたスチルベン化合物１０部と実施例
２で用いたポリカーゴネート樹脂１０部をジクロルメタ
ン５０部、モノクロルベンゼン１０部に溶解した。この
溶液を実施例３と同様にして下引き層を塗工した。８０
四Ｘ３６０ｍのアルミニウムシリンダー上に浸漬塗布し
１００℃、工時間の乾燥をして１２μｍの電荷輸送層を
形成した。Example 5 10 parts of the stilbene compound used in Example M1914 and 10 parts of the polycargonate resin used in Example 2 were dissolved in 50 parts of dichloromethane and 10 parts of monochlorobenzene. An undercoat layer was applied using this solution in the same manner as in Example 3. 80
It was applied by dip coating onto a 4×360 m aluminum cylinder and dried at 100° C. for several hours to form a charge transport layer of 12 μm.
次に、前記ム１ダリエチレン粉体１０部と実施例４で用
いたジスアゾ顔料１０部、同じ〈実施例４で用いた酸化
防止剤０．６部を上記ポリカー−ネートの１０重量係シ
クロヘキサノン溶液１００部の中へ添加し、ステンレス
ボールミルにて５０時間分散した。この溶液を上記電荷
輸送層上に突上げ塗布し、１００℃で２０分間乾燥して
３μｍ厚の電荷発生層を形成した。表面粗さはＯ８４以
下であった。作成した感光体を試料１０とする。Next, 10 parts of the above-mentioned bulk ethylene powder, 10 parts of the disazo pigment used in Example 4, and 0.6 parts of the same antioxidant used in Example 4 were added to 100 parts of the cyclohexanone solution based on 10 parts by weight of the polycarbonate. and dispersed in a stainless steel ball mill for 50 hours. This solution was applied onto the charge transport layer and dried at 100° C. for 20 minutes to form a charge generation layer with a thickness of 3 μm. The surface roughness was O84 or less. The prepared photoreceptor is referred to as sample 10.
比較のため、前記表面処理を施していないポリエチレン
粉体を用い上記と同様にして感光体を作成し、これを試
料１１とする。For comparison, a photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as above using polyethylene powder that had not been subjected to the surface treatment, and this was designated as Sample 11.
試料１１は表面層のポリエチレン粉体の凝集が甚だしく
、画像評価に値しない状態であった。Sample 11 had severe agglomeration of the polyethylene powder in the surface layer, and was not worthy of image evaluation.
一方、４！リ工チレン粉体を添加しないものを上記と同
様に作成した。これを試料１２とする。On the other hand, 4! A sample without the addition of recycled tyrene powder was prepared in the same manner as above. This is designated as sample 12.
これらの各試料を実施例２で用いた電子写真複写機ＮＰ
−３７２５機の１次帯電、転写帯電の極性を外部電源に
よシ■に変えさらに現像器に印加する現像ノクイアスの
極性も変え、トナーも逆極性のものＮＰ−７５５０機（
キャノン製）に用いているものに変えて実施例２同様に
初期画像、１０．０００枚の耐久性評価を行なった。結
果を表４に示す。Electrophotocopying machine NP using these samples in Example 2
-The polarity of the primary charging and transfer charging of the NP-3725 machine was changed to the external power supply, and the polarity of the developing noquis applied to the developing device was also changed, and the toner was also of opposite polarity.The NP-7550 machine (
In the same manner as in Example 2, the durability of initial images and 10,000 sheets was evaluated, except for the one used in Canon (manufactured by Canon). The results are shown in Table 4.
実施例６
８０φＸ３６０ｍのアルミニウムシリンダーを支持体と
し、これにＩリアミド（商品名アミランＣＭ−８０００
、東しく株）製）の５チメタノール溶液を浸漬塗布し、
０．５μｍ厚の下引層を設けた。Example 6 An aluminum cylinder of 80φ x 360m was used as a support, and I-lyamide (trade name Amilan CM-8000) was applied to it.
, manufactured by Toshiku Co., Ltd.) was applied by dip coating,
A subbing layer with a thickness of 0.5 μm was provided.
次に、この上に実施例３と同様の電荷発生層を０．２μ
ｍ厚に塗布した。さらＫこの上にビスフェノールＡ型Ｉ
リカー♂ネート１０部をジオキサンとジクロルメタン混
合溶媒６０部に溶解し、さらに実施例４で用いた電荷輸
送物質１０部、酸化防止剤０．３部を溶解した溶液を浸
漬塗布により１８μｍ厚に塗布し、１００℃で１時間乾
燥して電荷輸送層を形成した。これを試料１３とする。Next, on top of this, a charge generation layer similar to that in Example 3 was applied with a thickness of 0.2 μm.
It was applied to a thickness of m. Furthermore, bisphenol A type I is added to this.
A solution prepared by dissolving 10 parts of liquorinate in 60 parts of a mixed solvent of dioxane and dichloromethane, and further dissolving 10 parts of the charge transport substance used in Example 4 and 0.3 parts of antioxidant was applied to a thickness of 18 μm by dip coating. , and dried at 100° C. for 1 hour to form a charge transport layer. This is designated as sample 13.
さらＫこの電荷輸送層上部に、実施例２で用いたビスフ
ェノール２型ポリカーＩネート２部をジクロルメタン３
０部に溶解しこれに前記４２．ｊｆ！Ｊエチレン粉体１
部を添加してステンレス製ホールミルで５０時間分散し
た液を塗布して１μｍ厚の保護層を設けた。これを試料
１４とする。Furthermore, on top of this charge transport layer, 2 parts of the bisphenol 2 type polycarbonate used in Example 2 was added with 3 parts of dichloromethane.
Dissolve 0 parts in 42. jf! J ethylene powder 1
A protective layer having a thickness of 1 μm was formed by applying the dispersion solution for 50 hours using a stainless steel hole mill. This is designated as sample 14.
比較として前記表面処理を施していないポリエチレン粉
体を用い上記と同様にして感光体を作成し、これを試料
１５とする。For comparison, a photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as above using polyethylene powder that had not been subjected to the surface treatment, and this was designated as Sample 15.
試料１５は表置層のポリエチレン粉体の凝集が甚だしく
画像評価に値しない状態であった。Sample 15 was in a state where the agglomeration of the polyethylene powder in the surface layer was so severe that it was not worthy of image evaluation.
これらの各試料に対し、実施例２同様に耐久性評価を行
なった。結果を表５ＬＫ−示す。Durability evaluation was performed on each of these samples in the same manner as in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 5LK-.
以上、本発明による如く、表面酸化処理を施したポリエ
チレン粉体を表面層に含有する電子写真感光体は、ポリ
エチレン粉体が均一に分散されその分散安定性が向上さ
れているため常に均一な表面層が得られ、その結果初期
画像はもちろんのこと繰り返し耐久後も傷や画像流れが
発生せず、常に高品位の画像を得ることができるもので
ある。As described above, the electrophotographic photoreceptor containing polyethylene powder subjected to surface oxidation treatment in the surface layer according to the present invention always has a uniform surface because the polyethylene powder is uniformly dispersed and its dispersion stability is improved. As a result, not only initial images but also scratches and image deletion do not occur even after repeated durability, and high-quality images can always be obtained.
表面酸化処理し７’１１− ／ ＩＪエチレン粉体を用
いることＫより、界面活性剤が不要となるため、塗布液
中の泡の発生がなくなるので、得られた感光体くよ９１
画像欠陥のない高画質を提供できる。By using surface oxidized 7'11-/IJ ethylene powder, no surfactant is required, and bubbles are no longer generated in the coating solution, so the resulting photoreceptor 91
It can provide high image quality without image defects.
代理人 弁理士 山 下 穣 平Agent Patent Attorney Johei Yamashita
Claims (1)
て、表面層に表面酸化処理されたポリエチレン粉体が含
有されていることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, wherein the surface layer contains polyethylene powder subjected to surface oxidation treatment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29619088A JPH02143257A (en) | 1988-11-25 | 1988-11-25 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29619088A JPH02143257A (en) | 1988-11-25 | 1988-11-25 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02143257A true JPH02143257A (en) | 1990-06-01 |
Family
ID=17830336
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29619088A Pending JPH02143257A (en) | 1988-11-25 | 1988-11-25 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH02143257A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5399452A (en) * | 1992-01-27 | 1995-03-21 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| US6444387B2 (en) | 1999-12-24 | 2002-09-03 | Ricoh Company Limited | Image bearing material, electrophotographic photoreceptor using the image bearing material, and image forming apparatus using the photoreceptor |
| JP2009265660A (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-11-12 | Xerox Corp | Improved imaging member and method of forming the same |
| US7659044B2 (en) | 2004-07-05 | 2010-02-09 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Photoconductor, producing method thereof, image forming process and image forming apparatus using photoconductor, and process cartridge |
| US7985520B2 (en) | 2007-11-29 | 2011-07-26 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Photoreceptor, image formation method, image forming apparatus and process cartridge |
-
1988
- 1988-11-25 JP JP29619088A patent/JPH02143257A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5399452A (en) * | 1992-01-27 | 1995-03-21 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| US6444387B2 (en) | 1999-12-24 | 2002-09-03 | Ricoh Company Limited | Image bearing material, electrophotographic photoreceptor using the image bearing material, and image forming apparatus using the photoreceptor |
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