JPH01298395A - Internal lighting marker - Google Patents
Internal lighting markerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01298395A JPH01298395A JP1065798A JP6579889A JPH01298395A JP H01298395 A JPH01298395 A JP H01298395A JP 1065798 A JP1065798 A JP 1065798A JP 6579889 A JP6579889 A JP 6579889A JP H01298395 A JPH01298395 A JP H01298395A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sign
- area
- sheet
- light
- base layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100525014 Arabidopsis thaliana RIN4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100313164 Caenorhabditis elegans sea-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
- G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
- G02B5/124—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
- G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
- G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
- G09F13/0418—Constructional details
- G09F13/0481—Signs, boards or panels having a curved shape
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
- G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
- G09F13/0418—Constructional details
- G09F13/0422—Reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
- G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
- G09F13/0418—Constructional details
- G09F13/0472—Traffic signs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
- G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
- G09F13/14—Arrangements of reflectors therein
- G09F2013/145—Arrangements of reflectors therein curved reflectors
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は逆反射性材料を用いる内面的照明標識に関する
。光は標識内部に光導管によって導入することができる
。
内面的照明標識は非照明または外部的照明標識よりし一
般に夜間により容易に観察される画像を観察者に与える
。内面的照明標識は言過はｆ１外広告に用いられる。交
通標識の上質機能としては自動中運転名に対し重要情報
をり）率的に提供することで・あり、内面的照明標識は
またこの応用に有用である。
しかし、内向的ＩＫ（明標識は電気がｈ′易に得られな
い場所（遠隔田舎道に対する交通標識のような）、また
は？七カ損失が起こりうる揚Ｆｊｉ（１！Ｉｆ ”）、
ししら標１が中断の可能性がある回路に予備電源なしで
接続される場合）においての残量利用には好適ではない
。いま一つの問題は光源が（典型的には白熱ランプまた
は蛍光電球）それらの限定される寿命のために定Ｉｌｌ
的交換を要することである。
内向的照明標識を増大するために逆反ＱＪ Ｍ ＋４料
が使用されたがぞれににって乗り物のへラドライ１〜で
照明されるときにそれらｔよ児やすくなるであろう。こ
のＪ、うにして、たとえ電力または光源が使用されなく
℃も標識は見えるようになる。
逆反１；）Ｉｆ／ｌ材料の一つの■！は一般に入射光り
向について狭い角度の範囲内に入射光を反射さＶるため
に加えられた鏡のにうに反射Ｊる層を右する微小球で構
成される。このやり方の一具体化は微小球をつ１ブのひ
ｂ中に埋め込むことである。内面的照明標識へのこの応
用ｔよウェブの聞ｎ’１区域を内面的照明標識を見る人
に伝達するｌこめに利用し、−５逆反射性微小球は夜中
に自ＶＪ巾へラドライトで標識を見ることを可能にする
。
いま一つの型の逆反射性材料はひ方体＝＋ −−） −
ＲＩＮ４ （ｃｕｂｅ ｃｏｒｎｅｒ （！１ｅｌ（！
ｎｊ ）で構成する。米国特訂第４．５８８．２５８ｊ
Ｅ−（ｌｌｏｏｐｍａｎ ） ’；よつＣＰｉλられる
ように、そのよう４１シー１へ材料The present invention relates to internally illuminated signs using retroreflective materials. Light can be introduced into the interior of the label by a light conduit. Internally illuminated markers provide the viewer with an image that is generally more easily viewed at night than non-illuminated or externally illuminated markers. Internally illuminated signs are often used for outside F1 advertising. A quality feature of traffic signs is to efficiently provide important information to autonomous vehicles, and internally illuminated signs are also useful in this application. However, introverted IK (bright signs are used in places where electricity is not easily available (such as traffic signs for remote country roads), or where losses can occur (1!If''),
It is not suitable for using the remaining power in a case where the sign 1 is connected to a circuit that may be interrupted without a standby power source. Another problem is that light sources (typically incandescent lamps or fluorescent bulbs) are unstable due to their limited lifetimes.
This requires an exchange of information. Inverse QJ M +4 charges were used to increase the inwardly illuminated signs, but they would be easier to use when illuminated by the vehicle's HeraDry 1~. This way, the sign will remain visible even if no power or light source is used. Reverse 1;) If/l one of the materials ■! Generally consists of microspheres with a reflective layer added to the mirror to reflect the incident light within a narrow range of angles with respect to the direction of the incident light. One implementation of this approach is to embed the microspheres in the ribs of a single tube. This application to internally illuminated signs utilizes the first area of the web to communicate internally illuminated signs to the viewer, and the -5 retroreflective microspheres are illuminated with radlight to the width of the VJ during the night. Allows you to see signs. Another type of retroreflective material is the rhomboid = + −−) −
RIN4 (cube corner (!1el(!
nj). US Special Edition No. 4.588.258j
E-(lloopman)'
【ま立方体コーナー
部材を引き離すことにＪ、って内面的照明透過さけ、そ
して光を４５２識の内側から外側１こ伝える平らな隙間
１区域を１４じさせるのである。
本発明は前（ｎｌを示す少なくと６−側面に４３いて光
に透過性ｒある閉鎖容器、および標識の前１ｎ１に入射
する光を反）ｌするように位置を定めたｖＬ方体二１−
ノーの逆反射性シートを含む内面的照明標識て°あって
、ここにＳｒ方体コーナー逆適役用シートは：（１）多
数の適役剣性立り体二】−ナ一部＋４４ｒ Ｏする敲ｒ
Ｒ層Ｊ３よびその被覆層に結合される透明材料の基層で
構成され、そして（２）閃層が被覆層に結合した区１或
を有し、それは、（ａ）場合によっては０１良よりも大
さいかまたは等しくそして９０ Ｉｆｆ Ｊ、すｂ小さ
い入射角度の内部光に光学的に透明でありイして０立方
体−ｊ−ｌ一部材で占められる区域内に配置し、そのよ
うな透明性区域と立方体二１−ブー１メ域の割合および
相ｎにおけるそれらの配置は内面的照明、適役）１した
光、またはその双方の′ｆ−段にＪ、って標識が目視さ
れることを許容するように固定される。
閉鎖容：Ｓはこの技術で既知の何れかの好適な材料から
組立てることができる。一般に、それは内部空間をつく
りそこから一つまたは一つ以上の透光側面のみを通って
ＩＩＪ察名に内面的照明を仏λる。
内面的照明源は標識内またはその外側でよく、後名の場
合には照明は光導管によって内部に導入される。照明源
と正面側の間に拡散表面を用いてしよい。もしム用いる
なら図示を標識の前面に配置し、イして既知の好適な材
料を使用して組み立てる。］図示］は交通表象のような
情報の構造的または象徴的表示である。
第１図は本発明の標識１０の略図を示し、閉鎖容′Ｉｊ
１１１、内面内照［１１１源（この置体−Ｃは管状光管
）１２、拡散体１３、適役（ＪＨ’ｌシー１−１４、お
よび透明標識面１５で構成される。この具体にＪ３い−
（、内１０１的照明、逆反射光、またはその双方何れか
のト段によって標識の前側面から見ることができる図示
１６を透明標識表面に保持している。
標識は一つまたは一つ以十の内部光源１２を有りること
がて・き、または内面的照明の光源は閉鎖容器の外部で
もよく、イして光は閉鎖容器の内部に一つまたは一つ以
上の人口を通って光導管によって導入される。光導管ま
たは光パイプとしＣし知られる光導管は照明源から導管
の縦軸に沿って光の強さに署しい減少らなく光を伝導し
照明源の反対端から光ｔよδ管を離れる。
拡散体１３は必要ではないが好ましく、でれによって標
識表面１５を通ってくる光は前面または図示１６の全区
域にねたつ【実質的に均一になる。
図示１６は現在この技術で知られている方法を用い−（
？Ｘ識而面に冒くことがでさる。例えば、図示【よｆｉ
色した光−透過性インキを適役（ト）材料とｌ］視省の
間で標識の外側表面において透明体に結合したａ層部分
として構成することができる。標識の内部からの直接の
または逆反射の後の標識背後からイン１゛を通る白色光
は着色した画像を目視名にホすぐあろう。透光性インキ
を肖接逆反射シー１−１４と結合させて、標識表面１５
を省略りることしできる。
立方体＝１−を一部材を組み入れＩＣ逆適役シー１へは
好ましい。一つのＦｔに好ましい立方体コーナー逆反則
部材の設計は米山特許第４．５εＮ３．２５３ ’ｙ”
、 （ｌｌｏｏｐｍａｎ ）中に記載されている。（の
ような製品は少なくとも一対のマツプ−した立Ｉｊ体＝
＋ −ナー適役射部ｌからなり、部Ｈの三つのｔｌｉに
直角の側面ｆ、Ｌ其通の深さおよびＶ型横断面を有する
三組の交叉する満で形成されそのために部Ｈの側面の底
部縁は溝の底で作られた共通の平面に在る。
（米国特許部４，５８８．２５８号第４欄１５−５）０
行および第１−３図を参照）、ｆｆｌ方体］−ナーは米
国特許部４．５８８．２５８号中′Ｃ教えられる技法を
用いてシートに組み立て（観察ｒがイＱ欝するであろう
平面に充分な逆戻１；ＩＩ強度をＬｊえる。
例えば、交通への適用では部材の光学的軸が指示する角
度はく与えられる材料の屈折率に対して）道路−Ｆの観
察者に対しては視界を改良するが道路の片側」−の観察
者には改良しないように調節することができる。
米国特許部４．５ε３８，２５８号中に間型される製品
ｔま立方体コーナー部材を分Ｉ１１することによって特
に透明にして、内部照明が通過する平ら４【区域を創出
する（米国特許部４，５８８，２５８号第６１１１．５
０行から７１１１２１行ｔ テラ９ 照）。
イＣビなれば分離区域は甲であって、標識の内部の光線
（，１ぞの入射角度に関係なくそのような区域を通過ザ
るぐあろうから。
本発明においては、第２図中に示されるように、シート
１４は多数の逆戻（Ｊ、ｌ竹立万体；１−ナ一部材２１
を有する被覆層２０で構成され、被覆層は一つまたは一
つ以上の結合４１２３によって透明基層２２に結合され
る。結合材２３の区域にない立方体コーナ一部材２４は
影響されない（部伺２４がシーＩ・１４の外部からはな
れでいることに起因づる何らかの効果は無視して）。シ
ートは被覆８１１１２０が標識の前方に向・）ようにイ
して単層２２は標識の内部に向うように音訓される。
透明な結合材２３を用いることが必東−Ｃ１それによっ
て何れの入用角度の内部照明も結合材を通って標識の内
部を出て図示１６を照すことかで・さるであろう。この
１目よグラフを内面的照明、逆反射光、またイの双方の
手段によって観察Ｊることを、１１容づる。第２図の具
体化においては結合材料は基層材料と同じである。結合
材料が被覆材料に交わる所では、結合後に立方体コーナ
一部材の一部がそのまま残る（す匂型的にはねじ曲げら
れる（Ｊれどｂ）。従って、この具体例では、基層２２
と被覆層２０が透明であり、そして屈折率がほとんど１
ｉｉｌ−であれば透明粘含体を生じる。この検討の目的
に対しては入射光線の約７０％以上が透過づる場合は材
料は「透明」なのである。何れの層に対しても典型的に
番ま屈折率値は約１．３から１．７までの間であり、こ
れには被覆層用に用いられたアクリルおにびポリカーボ
ネ−１・のプラスチックの屈折率を含む。
このように、基層が？ｌｌｉ覆層と結合した１ス域は標
識の内部から出てくる光線に対し光学的に透明である。
そのような光線は９０°よりも小ざくしかしＯｏに等し
いかまたはそれにり大きい角度を含／Ｖ ’（’伺れの
角度に対しても結合＋４２３の区域を通過する。入射角
度は基層２２上に光線があたる点と（の点に１３ける基
層の表面に直角の線の間の角度と足代される。
被覆層と基層との結合をよ米国特訂第３，１９０゜１７
８号＜Ｈ（にｅｌｌ／ｉＣ）または第４．０２５．１５
９号（ＨｃＧｒａｔｈ ）中に教えられるようにこの技
術で知られている何れの好適な手段によってでもよい。
そのような方法には加熱した望押し道具にＪ、る加Ｊ、
Ｅ下の熱結合、および被ｆ１１層とｖ層間に接着剤を使
用する技法を合む。好適な接着は熱−活性化、溶剤−活
性化、または感ｔ〔がＪ、い。故ＯＡ線又は粒子線で開
始する接着法をその場で引続い′Ｃ行なうことしでさる
。如何なる接名方法が選ばれてし、生じる被覆層と基層
間の結合は透明でな（プればならない。結合ｌｊ法は入
射角度の範囲に影響りるであろうがそれに対し結合が透
明であることは内面的照明に影響する。例えば、第２図
中に示される型押しシートに対し、９０℃に近い人）１
角の光線は基層に彎曲部分２６上で当るであろう。その
ような光線は結合材２３および＊覆囲２０を完全には横
切らない。
立方体」−ナ一部材の１１１１折率は与えられる入（ト
）角にＪ３ける逆戻（ト）強度を決定する一要因である
。
一般に、−うえられる光学的設五１においで、屈折率が
高い程逆反射光の鋭さ（Δｎｇｕｒａｒｉｔｙ）は大さ
い。
１鋭さ」は望ましい角度内で明るく光を逆ｔｉ ＯＪ
ｉる物質の能力である。適役ｇＡ鋭さの人さい物ｙ１は
材料に直角の線に対して広い角度範囲内でその［に突き
当たる光線を明るく適役則する。この理由のために、高
屈折材料が立方体ツー１−製品に好まれたｈ（それは白
土された逆反射性性能がΦ公視されたからである。本発
明の標識に対して、ししも結合の区域が増加すれば、内
面的明強庶は増加するであろう（そして逆反射強度は残
る立方体コーナーの数がより減じるために減るであろう
）。
被覆層２０に対しては比較的低屈折率の材料の使用が可
能である、ぞれは適役ＯＡ性強度のそれ以トの損失は結
合材２３の区域を適正化する口とによって和らげつるか
らである。
図示の印刷効果を改良ηるために背凶に対して図示を均
一に照明するのが好ましい。本発明の逆反射シートに関
して、背景に対づる図示の−ｌントラストを調節する一
方法は結合剤が密１１１するように封止した逆反射セル
の整然たる配列となるようにシー１へを組みひることで
ある５、透明結合［区域の現Ｌｌｌｌ ｉＥ Ｌ、い様
式は内部照明源にＪ、る図示の均質照明を生じることを
助＋Ｊる。、例えば、第３図は結合材２３の艮方形配■
を示し、これは立方体コーナ一部材の逆反射セル３１の
規則的配列を形成づ−る。
第４図は交通標識として使用するために設語した本発明
の好ましい具体例を示し、そこでは適役（ト）光源は自
動車ヘッドライトである９、４０と識別されるこの標識
は一般に閉鎖部材４１、光源４２、図示４６を保持４る
前表面４４、Ａ３よび光導管４７て゛構成する。標識の
その他の構成部分は拡散体４３、逆反射シート４５：拡
散反射体４８、内部反％１休４９、および鏡のような反
射体５０である。
光源４２は必要な保ド１努力を減じるため標識の内側に
対して外方に存在し、例えば電球は標識の全面または背
後を除去せずに取換えることがひきる。光源からの光は
光導管４７ににつて標識の内部に導入される。示されて
いる好ましい光導管は透明誘電体材料で作られる縦り向
中゛仝構造で構成される。中空構ｊΔは平らな表１１ｉ
１を右する一つまたは一つ以−Ｌ（７）縦方向断面でつ
くられる。内部および外部の平らな表面は上記の三条件
総てを満たＪ：中中空の空隙中の総ての内表面区域は相
りに垂直であるかまたは平行であること；（２）区域の
外部表面は相（ｊに垂直かまたは平行であること：・ミ
して（３）内部表面は外部表面に対して４５°の角度（
゛ある。米国特許用１１．２６０．２２０号（Ｗｈｉｔ
（！ｈＱａｄ ）中に定へされるように、術胎［（ンＡ
−クテーチｐ （！ｎ ｏｃｔａＨＩｒｃ ） Ｊは
総Ｃ三つの条ｔ’ｌが各区Ｉ４．ｔ、：対し合致するこ
とを示す。導管の横所面は縦軸を通して一定であるべき
（゛、ぞして−・股に表面は平たくそして平Ｗｌである
べぎである。
導管を出る光の角度分ｎｉは、例えば、閉ｆｌＷ ｚ４
１内の強度のより大きい均−性庖与えるように３４節す
ることができる。この事は拡散体４３よだ【よ内部反射
体４９の選択により大きな融通性を許容するであろう。
上記の好ましい光導管に対し角度配分は少なくと６外部
表面の一部分を平らでなくリ−ることにより、または外
部表面を粗面にケることにより、または型押しした外部
表面中に丸い隅を与えることによって調節することがで
きる。
ぞれに加えて、拡散スクリーンまたは特殊反割蒸のよう
な物体を脱出り−る尤の角度分布を変えるｔこめに導管
内に置くことができる。
内部反射体４９は通常は平滑に磨いたアルミニウムのよ
うな鏡のような反射体であるが、好ましく４．Ｌ全体的
に内部反射性材料で構成される。この祠Ｈにはまた上記
の光導管用に好ましい材料ｂ ｉｉＴ能Ｑあるがそれが
必訝というのではない。内部反射体４９の外部の総−４
の側に、［Ｌ ＩＩＩ鎮容蒸の前面（図示保持の）およ
び１白部（光導管）側は除いて、分散反射体を加えるこ
とは４１ｆｌｌ ’（、”ある１、密１１１容：布の底
の内部は鏡のような反（ト）ＩＡ５０て・ある。
図示４６は直接逆反射シート４４の前表面１に印刷され
、モして摂各は透明接着剤４５にＪｚって拡散体４３に
付着される。。
）’）Ｉ １
第１図に従って標識をつくった３、密１１１容各は通例
のシー１−金属、４３よびアングル鉄、Ａ５よび照明源
は一組の螢光灯であった。慣用の拡散体は含まれたが図
示は標識の前面には胃かなかった。標識の前面は本発明
の立方体コーナー逆反射シートの照）１の透過を米国特
許用４．５８８．２５８号（１ｌｏｏｕａｎ ）のシー
トに対して直接比較が可能なように設Ｅ＋ シた。三つ
のシート試料は米国特許用４．５８８，２５８号（フー
プマン）中に教えられるように立方体コーナ一部材を使
用して釣−）だ。
一つのシー１−（「シートΔ」と名（−ｔ ＩＪた）は
本発明のものであり、ｉｓ ｈｌ ＩＪ３よび光学的な
透明な結合材を組み合わ往た。第二のシート（「シート
１３」）は米国特許用４，５８８．２５８号（フープマ
ン）、の７欄５−２１行に教えられるように別にした立
方体コーナー部材ににってつくり、そしてに層および結
合材はなかった。第三のシート（「シートＣＩ）は分離
したｖＬ方休体−ナ一部４４ｂ阜囮および結合材も含ま
なかった。各シート（よ０．６平方米（・あった。使用
した立方体コーナー部祠警まその光学的性質に好ましい
方向を右するので（米国特訂第４．５８８，２５８号の
５１１１１８行から６段２２行までを参照）、各シート
のり「ましい方向（よ同一であるように組み立てられた
。
本発明のシート八に、ポリカーボネート（屈折１＋１’
、５９）被覆層を熱型押しによってポリエステル基層（
屈折率１．５８）に結合した。結合図形は六角の正配列
であった。結合面積はシー１−への全面積のおよそ２０
％であった。結合材の正味透明度はおよそ８８％であっ
た。
カンデラ／ルックス／平方米（Ｃｄ ／ ｌ ｘ ／ｍ
２）の中位にｉＪ３ける逆反射の光学的測定は「外側」
測定（下女に記Ｍザる）が行なわれた角度に相当する角
度０行なわれた。これらの測定は適役用輝麿対距＠ （
Ｃｄ／ｍ２）のカーブを４筒するＩこめに使った。これ
らのカーブはシートＡおよび１３はこの点に関し−（は
およそ等しく、そしてシー１− Ｃの適役＋１）１輝度
は僅かに大きいことが確かめられた。
各シートに対し、標識の前面を通して透過した内部照射
の１麿の光学的測定は外部照明源のない暗くした部屋の
中で行った、即ら、測定した照明。
に対し適役則成分はなかった。測定は実地で・測定（下
に記載）した角度に相当する角度で行った。
各角度にＪ３いてＩＩｉ度をシートの有るものと無いｂ
ので行なった、そして二つの比（％として表現した）は
シートを通って透過した内面的照ｇＡ口１を決定した。
測定は第５図中に作図した。シートＡおよびＢをそれぞ
れ表わすライン５０１および５０２はシートＣを表わす
ライン５０３よりも多い間の透過した内面的照明を示す
。これは光学的透過結合材のシートＡおよび分離した立
方体：コーナー部祠のシート１３の双方とも全熱透過手
段のない（シートＣ）よりムより多くの光を通過さける
ことを示１゜次いで標識を典型的交通標識適用の実地模
擬実験に用いた。標識の中心は道路の土およそ６．４ｍ
に鋸えた。標識は垂直面（道路に直角に）から７．５度
傾番ノ、それによってこの技術で鶴通１１うように前面
は僅かに空に面した。各シートに対して、前を通って標
識を遠ざかる内部照明の輝麿の測定を標識の真下を直接
通る道路の車線中の巾から標識から種々の距離で、外部
の照明源を伴なわずに行った。
測定は第６図中に作図した。シートＡおよび１３をすれ
ぞれ表わすライン６０１および６０２はシー１へＣを表
わずライン６０３よりしより多聞の透過した内面的照射
を示した。この事は光学的透過結合＋４のシートΔおよ
び分離した立方体］−ナー部材のシートＢの双方は全熱
透過″Ｉ＝段のへいくシート）よりも多くの光を通過さ
せることを立Ｍ Ｊる。ライン６０１および６０２をラ
イン５０１ Ｊ’３よび５０２と比較づるとシートＡお
よび１３の機１１１ま室内測定にりも実地の場での測定
の方が相豆により類似することを示唆−する。
いくつかの具体化および詳細を本発明の説明のために示
したが、種々の変更および改良は添イ］される特許請求
の範囲の精神および範囲から外れることなく可能である
ことは関係業者には明らかであろう。[By separating the cube corner members, we create a flat gap area that prevents internal illumination from passing through and transmits light from the inside to the outside. The present invention provides a vL cube 21 positioned so as to reflect the light incident on the front (nl) of at least 6 sides of the closed container that is transmissive to light, and the front of the sign. −
There is an internal illumination sign containing a retro-reflective sheet, where the Sr cube corner reverse application sheet is: (1) A large number of suitable sword-like three-dimensional bodies 2 - N part + 44 r O. r
consisting of a base layer of transparent material bonded to the R layer J3 and its covering layer; large or equal to and 90 If J, Sb optically transparent to internal light of small angle of incidence and placed within the area occupied by the 0 cube-j-l member, such transparent area The proportions of the 21 - 1 m area of the cube and their arrangement in phase n allow internal illumination, suitable light, or both to allow the sign to be seen in the 'f' stage. It is fixed as follows. The closed volume S can be constructed from any suitable material known in the art. Generally, it creates an interior space from which internal illumination is transmitted only through one or more transparent sides. The internal illumination source may be within the sign or outside it; in the latter case the illumination is introduced internally by a light conduit. A diffusing surface may be used between the illumination source and the front side. If used, the illustrations shall be placed on the front of the sign and assembled using known and suitable materials. ]Illustration] is a structural or symbolic representation of information, such as a traffic representation. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a sign 10 of the invention, with a closed volume 'Ij
111, internal internal illumination [111 source (this device-C is a tubular light tube) 12, a diffuser 13, a suitable part (JH'l Sea 1-14, and a transparent sign surface 15. −
The transparent sign surface carries an illustration 16 that is visible from the front side of the sign by either direct illumination, retroreflected light, or both. There may be an internal light source 12 for internal illumination, or the light source for internal illumination may be external to the enclosure, and the light may be passed through one or more light conduits inside the enclosure. A light conduit, also known as a light conduit or light pipe, conducts light from an illumination source along the longitudinal axis of the conduit without any significant reduction in the intensity of the light, and from the opposite end of the illumination source the light t The diffuser 13 is not required, but is preferred, so that the light passing through the marking surface 15 is substantially uniform over the entire area of the front surface or illustration 16. Using methods known in this technology - (
? It is possible to violate the X-consciousness plane. For example, illustrated
A colored light-transmissive ink can be configured as an a-layer portion bonded to the transparency at the outer surface of the sign between the active material and the viewing material. White light passing through the interior of the sign from behind the sign, either directly from within the sign or after retroreflection, will result in a colored image visible to the eye. A translucent ink is combined with a portrait retroreflective sheet 1-14 to form a marking surface 15.
can be omitted. It is preferable to incorporate a cube = 1- into the IC reverse suitability sheet 1. The design of the cubic corner inverse member suitable for one Ft is Yoneyama Patent No. 4.5εN3.253 'y”
, (lloopman). (Products such as
+ - consists of a lateral surface f perpendicular to the three tli of the part H, formed by three sets of intersecting sides having a depth of L and a V-shaped cross section, so that the side surface of the part H The bottom edges of the grooves lie in a common plane created by the bottom of the groove. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,588.258, column 4, 15-5) 0
rows and Figures 1-3), ffl cubes]-ners assembled into sheets using techniques taught in U.S. Pat. For example, in a traffic application, the angle that the optical axis of the member points to (with respect to the refractive index of the given material) to the observer of the road-F It can be adjusted to improve visibility for observers on one side of the road, but not for observers on one side of the road. The product to be molded in U.S. Pat. No. 4.5 38,258 is made particularly transparent by dividing the cubic corner members to create flat areas through which internal illumination passes (U.S. Pat. 588,258 No. 6111.5
Lines 0 to 711121 (Terra 9). In the case of A and B, the separation area is the A, and the light rays inside the sign (1) will pass through such an area regardless of the incident angle. As shown, the sheet 14 has a large number of inversions (J, l bamboo stands; 1-na 1 member 21
The covering layer 20 is bonded to the transparent base layer 22 by one or more bonds 4123. Cubic corner parts 24 which are not in the area of the bonding material 23 are not affected (ignoring any effects due to the part 24 being remote from the outside of the sea I 14). The sheets are oriented so that the coating 811120 is toward the front of the sign and the single layer 22 is toward the interior of the sign. The use of a transparent binder 23 will allow internal illumination at any angle of use to exit the interior of the sign through the binder and illuminate the illustration 16. 11. This graph can be observed by both internal illumination, retroreflection, and both means. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the bonding material is the same as the base layer material. Where the bonding material meets the coating material, a portion of the cube corner part remains intact after bonding (twisted in shape). Therefore, in this example, the base layer 22
and the coating layer 20 is transparent, and the refractive index is almost 1.
If it is iii-, a transparent viscous substance is produced. For the purposes of this discussion, a material is "transparent" if it transmits about 70% or more of the incident light. Typical refractive index values for either layer are between about 1.3 and 1.7, including the acrylic and polycarbonate plastics used for the covering layer. including the refractive index. In this way, the base layer? The 1st region combined with the lli overlayer is optically transparent to light rays emerging from the interior of the marker. Such a ray passes through the area of coupling +423 even for angles less than 90° but equal to or greater than Oo. The angle between the point at which the light ray strikes and the line perpendicular to the surface of the base layer at the point (13).
No. 8<H (niell/iC) or No. 4.025.15
No. 9 (HcGrath), by any suitable means known in the art. Such a method involves heating the hot push tool with J, Ruka J,
Thermal bonding under E and the technique of using adhesive between the f11 layer and the v layer are applied. Suitable adhesives are heat-activated, solvent-activated, or sensitive. The adhesion method starting with the OA beam or particle beam is then carried out in situ. Whatever method of coupling is chosen, the resulting bond between the covering layer and the base layer must be transparent, whereas the bond method will affect the range of incidence angles, whereas Some things affect the internal illumination.For example, for the embossed sheet shown in Figure 2, the temperature near 90℃)1
The corner rays will strike the substrate on the curved portion 26. Such light rays do not completely traverse the bonding material 23 and *enclosure 20. The 1111 refractive index of the cube-shaped member is one factor that determines the reversal strength at J3 for a given angle of incidence. Generally, in an optical setup 1, the higher the refractive index, the greater the sharpness (Δngularity) of retroreflected light. 1” sharpness makes the light brighter within the desired angle
It is the ability of matter to react. The sharpness gA sharpness y1 brightens the light rays that impinge on it within a wide angular range with respect to a line perpendicular to the material. For this reason, high refractive materials have been preferred for cube-to-product products (because their retroreflective performance has been recognized). As the area of The use of refractive index materials is possible, since any further loss of OA strength is tempered by the opening and optimizing the area of the bonding material 23. This improves the printing effect shown. It is preferable to uniformly illuminate the illustration relative to the background in order to provide a uniform illumination of the illustration relative to the background. With respect to the retroreflective sheeting of the present invention, one method of adjusting the contrast of the illustration relative to the background is to ensure that the binder is sealed tightly 111. 5, transparent bonding, which is to be assembled to Sea 1 so that the stopped reverse reflection cells are organized. For example, Figure 3 shows the square arrangement of the binding material 23.
, which forms a regular array of retroreflective cells 31 in one corner of the cube. FIG. 4 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention designed for use as a traffic sign, in which the suitable light source is a motor vehicle headlight. , a front surface 44 holding a light source 42, shown 46, A3 and a light conduit 47. Other components of the sign are a diffuser 43, a retroreflective sheet 45: a diffuse reflector 48, an internal reflector 49, and a specular reflector 50. The light source 42 is external to the inside of the sign to reduce the maintenance effort required; for example, a light bulb can be replaced without removing the entire surface or back of the sign. Light from the light source is introduced into the interior of the sign via light conduit 47. The preferred light conduit shown is comprised of a vertical medium structure made of transparent dielectric material. The hollow structure jΔ is a flat table 11i
One or more L(7) to the right of 1 is made in longitudinal section. The internal and external flat surfaces satisfy all three conditions above: all internal surface areas in the hollow cavity are perpendicular or parallel to each other; (2) the external area; The surface should be perpendicular or parallel to the phase (j) (3) The internal surface should be at an angle of 45° to the external surface (
There is. No. 11.260.220 (Whit
(!hQad)
-Kteechp (!noctaHIrc) J has a total of three C articles t'l in each section I4. t: indicates a match. The lateral plane of the conduit should be constant through the longitudinal axis (so that the surface at the crotch should be flat and flat Wl. The angle ni of the light leaving the conduit should be, for example, closed flW z4
34 nodes can be used to provide greater uniformity of strength within 1 hour. This will allow greater flexibility in the selection of diffuser 43 and internal reflector 49. For the preferred light conduits described above, the angular distribution is at least 6 by recessing a portion of the exterior surface rather than flat, or by roughening the exterior surface, or by creating rounded corners in the exterior surface that is embossed. It can be adjusted by giving In addition to each, an object such as a diffuser screen or a special anti-spray can be placed within the conduit to alter the angular distribution of the escape potential. Internal reflector 49 is typically a mirror-like reflector such as smooth polished aluminum, but is preferably 4. L is constructed entirely of internally reflective material. This shrine also includes the preferred material for the light conduit described above, although it is not required. Total external value of internal reflector 49 -4
Adding a dispersive reflector to the side of [L III suppressor, except for the front side (illustrated) and 1 white part (light pipe) side is 41fll'(,"1, dense 111 volume: cloth The interior of the bottom is mirror-like.The illustration 46 is printed directly on the front surface 1 of the retro-reflective sheet 44, and each is attached to a transparent adhesive 45 with a diffuser. )') I 1 Signs were made according to Figure 1. 3, 111 volumes each are customary steel 1-metal, 43 and angle iron, A5 and the illumination source is a set of fluorescent lamps. A conventional diffuser was included, but not shown in front of the sign.The front surface of the sign was exposed to the light of the cubic corner retroreflective sheeting of the present invention (see US Pat. No. 4,588). No. 258 (1loouan) sheets were constructed to allow direct comparison.Three sheet samples were made with cubic corner parts as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,258 (Hoopman). One sheet (named "Sheet Δ" (-t IJ)) is of the present invention and is a combination of is hl IJ3 and an optically transparent bonding material. The second sheet ("Sheet 13") is constructed on separate cubic corner members as taught in U.S. Pat. There were no layers and binders. The third sheet ("Sheet CI") contained a separate vL-side rest-na part 44b decoy and binder. The corners of the cubes used determine the preferred direction for their optical properties (see U.S. Special Edition No. 4,588,258, line 511118 to column 6, line 22), so that each sheet of glue is The sheets of the present invention are made of polycarbonate (refraction 1+1').
, 59) The coating layer is formed into a polyester base layer (
The refractive index was 1.58). The connecting figure was a regular array of hexagons. The bond area is approximately 20 of the total area to sea 1-
%Met. The net transparency of the binder was approximately 88%. Candela/lux/square meter (Cd/l x/m
2) Optical measurement of retroreflection at iJ3 in the middle is “outside”
An angle 0 corresponding to the angle at which the measurement (marked on the servant) was made was taken. These measurements are applied to Terumaro vs. distance @ (
Cd/m2) curve was used for 4 tubes. These curves confirm that sheets A and 13 are approximately equal in this respect, and that sheets 1-C have a slightly greater brightness. For each sheet, one optical measurement of the internal illumination transmitted through the front surface of the sign was performed in a darkened room with no external illumination sources, i.e., the measured illumination. However, there was no component of the suitability rule. Measurements were made at angles corresponding to those measured in the field (described below). J3 at each angle and IIi degree with and without seat b
was performed, and the ratio of the two (expressed as a percentage) determined the internal illumination transmitted through the sheet. The measurements were plotted in Figure 5. Lines 501 and 502, representing sheets A and B, respectively, show more transmitted internal illumination than line 503, representing sheet C. This shows that both the sheet A of optically transparent binder and the sheet 13 of the separate cube corner shrine allow more light to pass through than the sheet C without any total heat transmitting means (sheet C). was used in a field simulation experiment of typical traffic sign application. The center of the sign is approximately 6.4 meters above the road surface.
I saw it. The sign was tilted 7.5 degrees from the vertical plane (perpendicular to the road), so that the front surface faced slightly toward the sky, allowing Tsuru Dori 11 to be built using this technology. For each sheet, measure the internal illumination passing in front of and away from the sign at various distances from the sign, from the width of a roadway passing directly beneath the sign, without any external illumination source. went. The measurements were plotted in Figure 6. Lines 601 and 602, representing sheets A and 13, respectively, showed more transmitted internal illumination than line 603, but not sheets 1 to C. This means that both the optical transmission coupling +4 sheet Δ and the separate cube sheet B of the inner member pass more light than the total heat transmission (I = step sheet). A comparison of lines 601 and 602 with lines 501, J'3 and 502 suggests that the measurements in the field are more similar to the indoor measurements on machine 111 of seats A and 13. Although certain embodiments and details have been shown for purposes of illustration of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. It would be obvious.
第１図は本発明の標識の分解組立での略図である。
第２図は第３図の２−２の線に治って描いた第１図の逆
反射シー１−１４の拡大した横断面略図Ｃある。
第３図は第１および２図の逆反射シート１４の正面略図
である。
第４図は適役（ト）光源が自動車のへラドライトである
交通標識として使用づるために音訓した本発明を具体化
した分解組み立て略図である。
第５図は三つの逆反射シートによって透過される内部照
明の％を比較するグラフである。
第６図は第５図の三つの逆反射シートによって透過され
る内面内照Ｉｌｌのｒ＠邸の実地の場の測定を比較した
グラフである。
なお図面中に２人された数字は次の６のを示す：１０：
標識 １１：閉鎖′ｆ１煕１２：内面的照明ｄ
≦１１３：拡散体
１４：シート １５：標識面
１６：図示 ２０：被覆層
２１：０方体コーナ一部材 ２２：阜層２３：結合口
２４；立方体］−ナ一部材２６：彎曲部分 ３
１：ヒル
４０：自動巾用椋識 ４１ ： ｔｌｌ鎖部材４２：光
源 ４３：拡散体
４４：前表面 ４５：シ一ト
４６：図示 ４７：光導管
４８：拡散反射体 ４９：内部反射体５０：鏡のよう
な反射体
５０１へ一５０３ニライン
６０１〜６０３ニライン。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the marker of the invention in disassembly. FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic cross-sectional view C of the retroreflection sheet 1-14 of FIG. 1 drawn along the line 2-2 of FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the retroreflective sheet 14 of FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. FIG. 4 is an exploded and assembled schematic diagram embodying the present invention, which is designed for use as a traffic sign in which the suitable light source is an automobile heradrite. FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the % of internal illumination transmitted by three retroreflective sheets. FIG. 6 is a graph comparing actual field measurements of the interior illumination Ill's house transmitted by the three retroreflective sheets of FIG. The two numbers in the drawing indicate the following 6: 10:
Sign 11: Closed 'f1 hi 12: Internal illumination d
≦113: Diffuser 14: Sheet 15: Marking surface 16: As shown 20: Covering layer 21: One corner member of 0 square corner 22: Fu layer 23: Connection port
24; Cube] - Narrow member 26: Curved portion 3
1: Hill 40: Automatic width sensor 41: Tll chain member 42: Light source 43: Diffuser 44: Front surface 45: Sheet 46: Illustration 47: Light pipe 48: Diffuse reflector 49: Internal reflector 50: 1503 lines 601 to 603 lines to the mirror-like reflector 501.
Claims (20)
性である閉鎖容器、および標識の前に入射する光を反射
するように配置された立方体コーナーー逆反射性シート
で構成され、そして立方体コーナー逆反射性シートは： １）多数の逆反射性立方体コーナー部材を有する被覆層
および被覆層に結合した透明材料の基層を含み、そして ２）基層が被覆層に結合した区域を有し、 それは：ａ）０度より大きいかまたは等しくそして９０
度よりも小さい入射角度を有する内部光に透明であり、 ｂ）立方体コーナー部材によつて占められる区域内に配
置され、そのような透明区域対全シート区域の割合およ
び相互に関するそれらの配置は内面的照明、逆反射光、
またはその双方の手段によつて標識を見ることを許容す
るように固定される 内面的に照明される標識。(1) consisting of an enclosure that is transparent to light on at least one side, referred to as the front surface, and a cube corner retroreflective sheeting positioned to reflect light incident on the front of the sign; The adhesive sheet: 1) comprises a cover layer having a number of retro-reflective cubic corner members and a base layer of transparent material bonded to the cover layer, and 2) has an area where the base layer is bonded to the cover layer, and it has: a) greater than or equal to 0 degrees and 90
b) located within the area occupied by the cubic corner members, the proportion of such transparent area to the total sheet area and their arrangement with respect to each other being target illumination, retro-reflected light,
or an internally illuminated sign fixed to permit viewing of the sign by both means.
管によつて閉鎖容器の内部に導かれる請求項（１）の標
識。2. The sign of claim 1, wherein the internal illumination is directed into the interior of the enclosure by a light conduit constructed of internally reflective material.
めの手段およびオクテーチヤー状である内部および外部
表面を含むものである請求項（２）の標識。3. The sign of claim 2, wherein the light conduit includes a means for controlling the emission of light within the enclosure and internal and external surfaces that are octature-like.
らに含む請求項（１）の標識。4. The sign of claim 1, further comprising means for diffusing light passing through the front surface.
ある内部および外部表面を有する内面的反射性材料を含
む請求項（４）の標識。5. The sign of claim 4, wherein the means for diffusing light comprises an internally reflective material having interior and exterior surfaces that are octacular.
請求項（１）の標識。(6) The sign according to claim 1, wherein the transparent area is an area where the covering layer and the base layer are combined.
層と結合されて気密に封止されて逆反射性セルの整然と
した配列を形成する請求項（６）の標識。7. The sign of claim 6, wherein the base layer is combined with a cover layer of cubic corner retroreflective sheeting material and hermetically sealed to form an ordered array of retroreflective cells.
項（１）の標識。(8) The sign of claim (1), wherein the refractive index of the coating layer is between 1.3 and 1.7.
（８）の標識。(9) The sign of claim (8), wherein the base layer has a refractive index between 1.3 and 1.7.
と１．７の間である請求項（９）の標識。(10) The refractive index of the area where the base layer is bonded to the cover layer is 1.3
and 1.7.
何れかの手段によつて前面から見える図示をさらに含む
請求項（１）の標識。11. The sign of claim 1, wherein the sign further includes an illustration visible from the front by either internal illumination, retroreflection, or both.
トの全面積の０％よりも多くそれでも７５％よりは少な
い請求項（１）の標識。12. The sign of claim 1, wherein the total area of the base layer bonded to the cover layer is greater than 0% but less than 75% of the total area of the retroreflective sheeting.
トの全面積の１０％よりも多くそれでも３０％よりは少
ない請求項（１２）の標識。13. The sign of claim 12, wherein the total area of the base layer bonded to the cover layer is greater than 10% but less than 30% of the total area of the retroreflective sheeting.
層に結合した透明材料の基層で構成され、そして基層が
被覆層に結合した区域は透明であり、そのような透明区
域対全シート区域の割合、およびそれらの配列は、それ
らの内面的照射、逆反射光、またはその双方の手段によ
つてシートを構成する内面的照射標識の図示を見ること
を許容するように固定された立方体コーナー逆反射性シ
ート。(14) consisting of a base layer of transparent material bonded to a number of retroreflective cubic corner members and a cover layer, and the area where the base layer is bonded to the cover layer is transparent, and the ratio of such transparent area to total sheet area; , and their arrangement fixed cube corner retroreflectors to permit viewing of the illustrations of the internally illuminated markings constituting the sheet by means of their internal illumination, retroreflection, or both. sex sheet.
覆層に結合して気密に封止される逆反射性セルの整然と
した配列を形成する請求項（１４）のシート。15. The sheet of claim 14, wherein the base layer is bonded to a cover layer of cubic corner retroreflective sheeting material to form an ordered array of retroreflective cells hermetically sealed.
求項（１４）のシート。(16) The sheet of claim (14), wherein the refractive index of the coating layer is between 1.3 and 1.7.
求項（１６）のシート。(17)) The sheet of claim 16, wherein the base layer has a refractive index between 1.3 and 1.7.
と１．７の間である請求項（１１）のシート。(18) The refractive index of the area where the base layer is bonded to the cover layer is 1.3.
and 1.7.
の全面積の０％よりも多くそれでも７５％よりは少ない
請求項（１４）のシート。19. The sheet of claim 14, wherein the total area of the base layer bonded to the cover layer is greater than 0% but less than 75% of the total area of the retroreflective sheet.
の全面積の１０％よりも多くそれでも３０％よりは少な
い請求項（１９）のシート。20. The sheet of claim 19, wherein the total area of the monolayer bonded to the covering layer is greater than 10% but less than 30% of the total area of the retroreflective sheeting.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US165881 | 1988-03-18 | ||
| US07/165,881 US4952023A (en) | 1988-03-18 | 1988-03-18 | Internally illuminated retroreflective sign |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01298395A true JPH01298395A (en) | 1989-12-01 |
| JP2778731B2 JP2778731B2 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
Family
ID=22600866
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1065798A Expired - Lifetime JP2778731B2 (en) | 1988-03-18 | 1989-03-17 | Interior lighting sign |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4952023A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0333502B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2778731B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960012286B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE112066T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU614022B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1291465C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68918311T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2059727T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006284779A (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | Fluorescent retroreflection type internal lighting display apparatus |
| EP2450870A2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2012-05-09 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Retroreflective display devices |
Families Citing this family (68)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5008783A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1991-04-16 | World Auto Plate Ltd. | Number plate including luminous characters |
| CA2064484C (en) * | 1991-04-11 | 1998-08-11 | William P. Rowland | Retroreflective sheet |
| US5122939A (en) * | 1991-06-07 | 1992-06-16 | David Kazdan | Safety lighting and reflector system |
| US5348843A (en) * | 1992-06-12 | 1994-09-20 | Permar Systems, Inc. | Method for making porcelain tags and signs by selectively radiating a frit containing-emulsion coating applied thereto |
| US5497294A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1996-03-05 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Conspicuity enhancer |
| CA2152678A1 (en) * | 1992-12-31 | 1994-07-21 | Roger H. Appeldorn | Pole light having a programmable footprint |
| US6052164A (en) * | 1993-03-01 | 2000-04-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electroluminescent display with brightness enhancement |
| US5600484A (en) | 1993-10-20 | 1997-02-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Machining techniques for retroreflective cube corner article and method of manufacture |
| EP0724738B1 (en) * | 1993-10-20 | 2000-05-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Asymetric cube corner article and method of manufacture |
| US6804058B1 (en) | 1993-12-21 | 2004-10-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electroluminescent light source and display incorporating same |
| EP0962807B1 (en) | 1993-12-21 | 2008-12-03 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Multilayered optical film |
| US5828488A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1998-10-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. | Reflective polarizer display |
| US5882774A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1999-03-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Optical film |
| US6025897A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 2000-02-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Display with reflective polarizer and randomizing cavity |
| US6096375A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 2000-08-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical polarizer |
| AU3276395A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1996-04-26 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Self-contained lighted marking device |
| US5481637A (en) * | 1994-11-02 | 1996-01-02 | The University Of British Columbia | Hollow light guide for diffuse light |
| JP3342015B2 (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 2002-11-05 | 日本カーバイド工業株式会社 | UV-emitting retroreflective sheet |
| US5570525A (en) * | 1995-01-06 | 1996-11-05 | Signstrut, Ltd. | Flexible face sign with uniform luminosity |
| AU694619B2 (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1998-07-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Light directing film having variable height structured surface and light directing article constructed therefrom |
| KR100390278B1 (en) * | 1995-06-09 | 2003-10-10 | 미네소타 마이닝 앤드 매뉴팩춰링 캄파니 | Tiled retroreflective sheet |
| WO1997001788A1 (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1997-01-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Transflective displays with reflective polarizing transflector |
| AU716525B2 (en) * | 1995-06-26 | 2000-02-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Backlight system with multilayer optical film reflector |
| JPH11514413A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1999-12-07 | ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニュファクチャリング カンパニー | How to make a sign |
| US5734501A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-03-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Highly canted retroreflective cube corner article |
| US6021559A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 2000-02-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making a cube corner article master mold |
| JPH10143098A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1998-05-29 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg Co <3M> | Retroreflecting sheet capabile of emitting light by itself, and reflective indicator |
| US6656566B1 (en) | 1997-04-15 | 2003-12-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Retroreflective luminescent articles |
| US6031958A (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 2000-02-29 | Mcgaffigan; Thomas H. | Optical light pipes with laser light appearance |
| WO1999014529A1 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 1999-03-25 | Everbrite, Inc. | Light guide for edge lighting |
| US5976686A (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-11-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Diffuse reflective articles |
| US6497946B1 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 2002-12-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Diffuse reflective articles |
| US6120636A (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2000-09-19 | Reflexite Corporation | Apparatus and method for producing retroreflective material having printed patterns thereon |
| US6119751A (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2000-09-19 | Reflexite Corporation | Apparatus and method for producing retroreflective material having printed patterns thereon |
| US6160663A (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-12-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Film confined to a frame having relative anisotropic expansion characteristics |
| WO2000048166A1 (en) * | 1999-02-11 | 2000-08-17 | David Hubbell | Illuminated, solar powered, vehicle activated, traffic sign |
| US20040005451A1 (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2004-01-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Diffuse reflective articles |
| EP1131514A1 (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2001-09-12 | Michael Gulvin Russell | Lighting panel |
| JP2001202040A (en) * | 2000-01-17 | 2001-07-27 | Three M Innovative Properties Co | Reflection material, method for manufacturing reflection material and internally illuminated device |
| PT1415109E (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2005-06-30 | Ledi Lite Ltd | LEADING DEVICE BASED ON INTERIOR LIGHTING |
| JP2003315516A (en) * | 2002-04-18 | 2003-11-06 | Three M Innovative Properties Co | Reflective multilayer body |
| US7584564B2 (en) * | 2002-07-08 | 2009-09-08 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Internally illuminated sign |
| US6994448B1 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2006-02-07 | Gorrell John H | Solar powered illuminated devices |
| ITMI20022227A1 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-04-22 | Rolin Giorda Engineering Ltd | DISPLAY DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR ROAD SIGNAL |
| DE10255377B4 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2006-02-16 | Fer Fahrzeugelektrik Gmbh | Method of making a sign |
| EP1431449B1 (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2006-06-14 | Industria Bergamasca Rifrangenti S.r.l. | Process for manufacturing retroreflective printed material |
| KR100591477B1 (en) * | 2003-06-28 | 2006-06-21 | 김종균 | Road signs with lighting |
| TWI258551B (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2006-07-21 | Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd | Illuminating logo device |
| DE602004030142D1 (en) * | 2003-09-15 | 2010-12-30 | Menachem Korall | INTERNALLY LITTER |
| ATE534765T1 (en) | 2004-04-01 | 2011-12-15 | Ind Bergamasca Rifrangenti S R L | METHOD FOR PRODUCING PRINTED PRODUCTS WITH HIGH VISIBILITY |
| US7815355B2 (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2010-10-19 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Direct-lit backlight having light recycling cavity with concave transflector |
| JP5290755B2 (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2013-09-18 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Lighting assembly and system |
| US20070047228A1 (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2007-03-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of forming direct-lit backlights having light recycling cavity with concave transflector |
| US7537374B2 (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2009-05-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Edge-lit backlight having light recycling cavity with concave transflector |
| NZ543963A (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2008-12-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Retroreflective device |
| EP2132801A2 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2009-12-16 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards GmbH | Light emitting device |
| WO2008153528A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-18 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Illuminated graphical and information display |
| US8079715B2 (en) | 2008-01-18 | 2011-12-20 | Garrigan Terrence M | Reflected image through substance |
| JP2009204885A (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2009-09-10 | Omron Corp | Display device |
| FR2933554B1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2012-08-31 | Somfy Sas | ELECTRONIC SWITCH CONTROLLING A DOMOTIC DEVICE |
| EP2141809B1 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2019-08-21 | Somfy Activites Sa | Electrical switchgear such as a terminal for construction comprising an electrical component |
| US20100088941A1 (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | Shiqi Zhu | Frame with illuminated picture |
| DE102009018111A1 (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-10-28 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Easy to configure multifunction module for a passenger supply channel |
| CN102460000B (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2016-08-10 | 3M创新有限公司 | Lamp assembly |
| ITMO20100124A1 (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2011-10-22 | Giorgio Corradi | HIGH VISIBILITY SIGNALING PANEL. |
| US11001979B2 (en) | 2018-08-13 | 2021-05-11 | Vergence Automation, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for ultrawide entrance angle reflective articles for use with autonomous vehicle machine vision systems |
| US11762133B1 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2023-09-19 | Vergence Automation, Inc. | Retroreflective materials and articles incorporating near-ideal total internal retroreflective elements |
| US11585055B1 (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2023-02-21 | National Central University | High efficiency traffice sign with projection light source |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5818679A (en) * | 1981-07-28 | 1983-02-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Illumination of lighting panel |
| JPS5960679U (en) * | 1982-10-16 | 1984-04-20 | 佐藤 文也 | sign |
| JPS61255846A (en) * | 1985-05-01 | 1986-11-13 | ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニュファクチュアリング コンパニ− | Peel-resistant cellular reverse reflective sheet |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3005382A (en) * | 1957-11-25 | 1961-10-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Reflex-reflecting sheet materials |
| US3924929A (en) * | 1966-11-14 | 1975-12-09 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Retro-reflective sheet material |
| US4208090A (en) * | 1967-03-24 | 1980-06-17 | Amerace Corporation | Reflector structure |
| BE794394A (en) * | 1972-01-24 | 1973-07-23 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | RETROREFLECTING PANEL |
| US4005538A (en) * | 1973-11-23 | 1977-02-01 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Internally illuminated retroreflective signs |
| GB1476447A (en) * | 1974-10-28 | 1977-06-16 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Reflector sturcture |
| US4025159A (en) * | 1976-02-17 | 1977-05-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Cellular retroreflective sheeting |
| US4349598A (en) * | 1976-12-01 | 1982-09-14 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | High incidence angle retroreflective material |
| US4240220A (en) * | 1979-04-26 | 1980-12-23 | Barry Smith | Reflector with illuminated indicia |
| US4260220A (en) * | 1979-06-15 | 1981-04-07 | Canadian Patents And Development Limited | Prism light guide having surfaces which are in octature |
| US4498733A (en) * | 1982-07-02 | 1985-02-12 | Amerace Corporation | Reflector structure |
| US4615579A (en) * | 1983-08-29 | 1986-10-07 | Canadian Patents & Development Ltd. | Prism light guide luminaire |
| AU560276B2 (en) * | 1983-09-12 | 1987-04-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Cube-corner retroreflective articles |
| US4588258A (en) * | 1983-09-12 | 1986-05-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Cube-corner retroreflective articles having wide angularity in multiple viewing planes |
| US4672089A (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1987-06-09 | Amerace Corporation | Retroreflective sheeting |
| US4775219A (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1988-10-04 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company | Cube-corner retroreflective articles having tailored divergence profiles |
-
1988
- 1988-03-18 US US07/165,881 patent/US4952023A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1989
- 1989-02-03 AU AU29612/89A patent/AU614022B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-02-08 CA CA000590478A patent/CA1291465C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-17 EP EP89302652A patent/EP0333502B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-17 JP JP1065798A patent/JP2778731B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-17 ES ES89302652T patent/ES2059727T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-17 DE DE68918311T patent/DE68918311T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-17 AT AT89302652T patent/ATE112066T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-03-17 KR KR1019890003303A patent/KR960012286B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5818679A (en) * | 1981-07-28 | 1983-02-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Illumination of lighting panel |
| JPS5960679U (en) * | 1982-10-16 | 1984-04-20 | 佐藤 文也 | sign |
| JPS61255846A (en) * | 1985-05-01 | 1986-11-13 | ミネソタ マイニング アンド マニュファクチュアリング コンパニ− | Peel-resistant cellular reverse reflective sheet |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2450870A2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2012-05-09 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Retroreflective display devices |
| EP2450871A2 (en) | 2002-10-08 | 2012-05-09 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Retroreflective display devices |
| JP2006284779A (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Stanley Electric Co Ltd | Fluorescent retroreflection type internal lighting display apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0333502A2 (en) | 1989-09-20 |
| EP0333502A3 (en) | 1990-05-16 |
| JP2778731B2 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
| DE68918311T2 (en) | 1995-04-13 |
| KR960012286B1 (en) | 1996-09-18 |
| ATE112066T1 (en) | 1994-10-15 |
| AU614022B2 (en) | 1991-08-15 |
| DE68918311D1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
| KR890015187A (en) | 1989-10-28 |
| US4952023A (en) | 1990-08-28 |
| ES2059727T3 (en) | 1994-11-16 |
| AU2961289A (en) | 1989-09-21 |
| EP0333502B1 (en) | 1994-09-21 |
| CA1291465C (en) | 1991-10-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JPH01298395A (en) | Internal lighting marker | |
| US6048069A (en) | Wide angle image-displaying sheet and system | |
| US2354048A (en) | Flexible lenticular optical sheet | |
| CN100532926C (en) | Light-guide lights providing a substantially monochromatic beam | |
| JPH11143409A (en) | Display system | |
| JPH02285301A (en) | Retroreflective product | |
| ES2213374T3 (en) | LIGHTING SIGNALING PANELS. | |
| CN103688197B (en) | By printed patterns being applied to the method that retroreflective film controls retroreflection and the sheet material thus produced | |
| JPS61160789A (en) | Display unit | |
| US6120879A (en) | Dual use reflective article | |
| EP1062531B1 (en) | Wide angle image-displaying sheet and system | |
| US2882632A (en) | Marker material and method | |
| US5450236A (en) | Reflector, especially for display signs and road signs and a sign manufactured thereof | |
| JPH0849218A (en) | Illumination system for sign plate and method for illumination | |
| WO1992017800A1 (en) | Retroreflective film with high luminescence | |
| WO1999015920A1 (en) | Reflective article incorporating highly nonorthogonal reflecting surfaces | |
| WO1997037252A1 (en) | A color-fast retroreflective structure | |
| JPH07218708A (en) | Night retroreflection sheet | |
| RU2126986C1 (en) | Optical raster condenser and optical article with raster condenser | |
| US2281565A (en) | Sign and reflector therefor | |
| CN212846006U (en) | Prism structure with strong light transmission | |
| JPH05148820A (en) | Light-reflecting apparatus | |
| EP3557292A1 (en) | Static semi-retro-reflective displays | |
| JP3514307B2 (en) | Luminous retroreflective sheet | |
| JPS6128222Y2 (en) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20090508 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |