JPH01264407A - High-efficiency power amplifier - Google Patents
High-efficiency power amplifierInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01264407A JPH01264407A JP9290488A JP9290488A JPH01264407A JP H01264407 A JPH01264407 A JP H01264407A JP 9290488 A JP9290488 A JP 9290488A JP 9290488 A JP9290488 A JP 9290488A JP H01264407 A JPH01264407 A JP H01264407A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lambda
- wavelength
- stub
- impedance
- distributed constant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010754 BS 2869 Class F Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/60—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microwave Amplifiers (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（発明の属する分野）
本発明は高能率電力増幅器、殊に偶数次高調波に対する
出力回路の特性インピーダンスを改善した高能率電力増
幅器に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of the Invention) The present invention relates to a high-efficiency power amplifier, and particularly to a high-efficiency power amplifier with improved characteristic impedance of an output circuit for even-order harmonics.
（従来技術）
近年、極めて能率良く電力利得を得るためにＤ級、Ｅ級
及びＦ級電力増幅器の研究が進められている。(Prior Art) In recent years, research has been progressing on class D, class E, and class F power amplifiers in order to obtain power gain extremely efficiently.
これ等の電力増幅器は能動素子にスイッチング動作をさ
せて方形波を得ると共に必要な周波数成分を出力回路か
ら得るようにしたものである。These power amplifiers perform switching operations on active elements to obtain a square wave and obtain necessary frequency components from an output circuit.
従来、このような高能率電力増幅器例えばＦ級増幅器は
第３図に示すように構成するのが一般的であった。Conventionally, such a high-efficiency power amplifier, such as a class F amplifier, has generally been configured as shown in FIG.
同図に於いて、ｉｉｉ増幅用能動素子としての電界効果
トランジスタ（以下ＦＥＴと称す）であって、そのソー
スＳをアースに、ゲー）ＧＫはチ冒−りＣＨＩを介して
バイアス電圧ＶＧＧを印加すると共にドレインＤＫはチ
１−りＣＨＩを介してドレイン電源ＶＤＤを供給し、又
、該ドレインＤと負荷ＲＬとの間には直流阻止用コン′
ＬＯ
テンプＣ１と特性インビーダン５夙ｐのλ／４長分布定
数線路２との直列回路を挿入すると共に前記負荷ＲＬと
並列に入力周波数ｆｏＫ同調するＬＣ並列共振回路５を
接続して構成したものである。このように構成した増幅
器の動作を説明する。In the figure, a field effect transistor (hereinafter referred to as FET) is used as an active element for amplification, and its source S is grounded, and a bias voltage VGG is applied to GK through CHI. At the same time, drain DK is supplied with drain power VDD via CHI, and a DC blocking capacitor is connected between drain D and load RL.
It is constructed by inserting a series circuit of the LO balance C1 and a λ/4 length distributed constant line 2 with a characteristic impedance of 5 p, and connecting an LC parallel resonant circuit 5 that tunes the input frequency foK in parallel with the load RL. be. The operation of the amplifier configured in this way will be explained.
先ず、 ＦＥ’ｌ’ｌはゲートＧＫ入力した周波数ｆ。First, FE'l'l is the frequency f input to the gate GK.
で波長λの高周波信号によってスイッチング動作を行う
。このとき、ドレインＤに発生するドレイン電圧ＶＤと
、ドレインＤとソースＳ間に流れるドレイン電流１０の
波形は、ドレインＤから負荷側を見たインピーダンスＺ
ｉｎで決定される。The switching operation is performed by a high frequency signal of wavelength λ. At this time, the waveforms of the drain voltage VD generated at the drain D and the drain current 10 flowing between the drain D and the source S are determined by the impedance Z when looking from the drain D to the load side.
determined by in.
ここで、負荷インピーダンス′？：ＲＬ及びλ／４長分
布定数線路の特性インピーダンスをｚＯとした場合上述
のＦ級増幅器を理想的に動作させるためには次の特性条
件を満す必要がある。即ち、基本周波数ｆｏＫ対しては
インピーダンスＺｌｎをＺＯ／ＲＬＫすると共に偶数次
高調波１、ｆ□（１１＝２．４，５．−）Ｋ対しては零
とし、又奇数次高調波ｎ２ｆｏ（ｎ２”３＋ ５ ＋
７ ＋”””）に対しては無限大とする。従って、ドレ
インＤ又、偶数次高調波の場合短絡状ＤＫするため第４
図に示すように結果的にドレイン電圧■０は方形波、ド
レイン電流ＩＤは半波整流波形となる。同図から判るよ
うに電圧と電流が同時に印加されることがない為、増幅
素子内の電力損失が零となって全電力が負荷ＲＬへ供給
され、増幅器の動作効率は理論的にＶｉｉｏｏチとなる
−しかしながら、上述のＦ級増幅器では以下に述べるよ
うに理想的な特性条件を十分に泗たすことができない。Here, the load impedance′? : When the characteristic impedance of the RL and λ/4 length distributed constant line is zO, the following characteristic conditions must be satisfied in order to ideally operate the above-mentioned class F amplifier. That is, for the fundamental frequency foK, impedance Zln is ZO/RLK, and for even harmonics 1, f□(11=2.4,5.-)K, it is zero, and for odd harmonics n2fo(n2 ”3+5+
7 +""") is set to infinity. Therefore, the drain D and the fourth drain DK are short-circuited in the case of even-order harmonics.
As shown in the figure, as a result, the drain voltage (1)0 becomes a square wave, and the drain current ID becomes a half-wave rectified waveform. As can be seen from the figure, since voltage and current are not applied at the same time, the power loss within the amplification element becomes zero and all power is supplied to the load RL, and the operating efficiency of the amplifier is theoretically as high as that of the Viioo. However, the above-mentioned class F amplifier cannot sufficiently satisfy ideal characteristic conditions as described below.
即ち、所要角周波数ωに対してＬＣＰ］ｐ回路と負荷Ｒ
Ｌとの合成アドミクンであるから、基本周波数ｆｏの１
次高調波の角周波数ｎω０（但し、ω。＝２πす。、ｎ
＝１．２．３＋・・・・・・）に対する合成アドミタン
スＹ′は次のように表わすことができる。That is, for the required angular frequency ω, the LCP]p circuit and the load R
Since it is a composite admixture with L, 1 of the fundamental frequency fo
The angular frequency of the harmonic is nω0 (where ω.=2π, n
=1.2.3+...), the composite admittance Y' can be expressed as follows.
この式は高調波の次数ｎが増加することによって共撮回
路の誘導性リアクタンスが無限大に近づくと共に容量性
リアクタンスが零に近づくことに基づいて合成アドミタ
ンスＹ′が無限大に近づくことを表わしている。This equation expresses that as the harmonic order n increases, the inductive reactance of the common camera circuit approaches infinity, and the capacitive reactance approaches zero, so the composite admittance Y' approaches infinity. There is.
調波ｎ２ｆｏｖｃ対してはインピーダンス変換作用があ
りλ／４長分布定数線路の出力端に接続した合成アドミ
タンスＹ′によって入力インピーダンスＺ１ｎは
Ｚ−＝Ｚ２−Ｙ’
Ｉｎ Ｏ
であるから、基本周波数ｆＯに対するインビーである。For the harmonic n2fovc, there is an impedance conversion effect, and the input impedance Z1n is Z-=Z2-Y' In O due to the composite admittance Y' connected to the output end of the λ/4-long distributed constant line, so for the fundamental frequency fO It's Inbee.
又、偶数次高調波ｌｆ□ Ｋ対してはλ／４長分布定数
線路が半波長線路とみなせるためＺｌｎは１／Ｙ′であ
る。しかし、ｎが小さいもの即ち、低い次数の高調波成
分に対するＹ′の虚数項は比較的小さくなるためこれら
の高調波に対して前記理想的な特性条件ヲ満すことがで
きず第５図のようにドレイン電圧ＶＤとドレイン電流ｉ
Ｄとが同時に印加される部分が生じ増幅素子内で電力損
失が発生すると同時に分布線路を通過したこれら低次高
調波成分が負荷に供給されスプリアス電力が発生して動
作効率を悪化させていた。Furthermore, for even-order harmonics lf□K, Zln is 1/Y' because the λ/4 length distributed constant line can be regarded as a half-wavelength line. However, since the imaginary term of Y' for small n, that is, low-order harmonic components, is relatively small, the above-mentioned ideal characteristic condition cannot be satisfied for these harmonics, and as shown in FIG. As drain voltage VD and drain current i
There is a part where D is applied at the same time, causing power loss in the amplifier element, and at the same time, these low-order harmonic components that have passed through the distributed line are supplied to the load, generating spurious power and deteriorating operating efficiency.
（発明の目的）
本発明は上述した電力増幅器の欠点を解消するためＫな
され蛇ものであって、インピーダンス特性の改善により
て電力増幅器の動作効率を向上させた高能率電力増幅器
を提供することを目的とする。(Object of the Invention) The present invention has been made in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the power amplifier, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a high-efficiency power amplifier that improves the operating efficiency of the power amplifier by improving impedance characteristics. purpose.
（発明の概要）
上述の目的を達成するため本発明に於いては以下の如き
構成をとる。(Summary of the Invention) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration.
即ち、能動素子にスイッチング動作をさせて方形波を発
生し、邑力回路によって前記方形波から所要周波数成分
を得るようにした電力増幅器に於いて前記所要周波数成
分の偶数次高調波に対し短絡状態となり又、奇数次高調
波に対しては開放状態となるλ／４シ１−トスタブ或は
λ／８オープンスタブとλ／８長シヨシヨートスタブ負
荷に接続して構成する。That is, in a power amplifier in which a square wave is generated by switching an active element, and a desired frequency component is obtained from the square wave by a power circuit, a short-circuit state occurs with respect to even harmonics of the desired frequency component. In addition, it is constructed by connecting a λ/4 single stub or a λ/8 open stub and a λ/8 long short stub load, which are in an open state for odd harmonics.
（実施例）
以下１本発明を図面に示した実施例に基づいて詳細に説
明する。(Example) The present invention will be described in detail below based on an example shown in the drawings.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示すＦ級増幅器の回路図で
ある。FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a class F amplifier showing one embodiment of the present invention.
同図に於いて１はＦＢＴでありて従来のＦ級増幅器と同
様にテ１−りＣＨｌ、ＣＨｚ、負荷ＲＬ。In the figure, 1 is an FBT, and like a conventional class F amplifier, the terminal 1 has CH1, CHZ, and load RL.
直流阻止用コンデンサＣＩ、λ／４長分布定数線路２及
びＬＣ並列同調回路５を接続すると共に前記λ／４長分
布定数線路２の出力端に特性インピーダンスｚ１のλ／
８長オープンスタブ３及びλ／８長ショートスタブ４を
夫々接続して構成する。A DC blocking capacitor CI, a λ/4 length distributed constant line 2 and an LC parallel tuning circuit 5 are connected, and a λ/4 length distributed constant line 2 with a characteristic impedance z1 is connected to the output end of the λ/4 length distributed constant line 2.
It is constructed by connecting an 8-length open stub 3 and a λ/8-length short stub 4, respectively.
上述したＦ級増幅器は以下の如く動作する。The class F amplifier described above operates as follows.
ここで、λ／８オープンスタブ３とλ／８長ショートス
タブ４との合成インピーダンスＺｐは次のように表わす
ことができる。Here, the combined impedance Zp of the λ/8 open stub 3 and the λ/8 long short stub 4 can be expressed as follows.
この式はｎが偶数の場合分子が零となり合成インピーダ
ンスＺｐが零となる。又、ｎが奇数の場合は分母が零と
なり合成インピーダンスＺｐが無限大となる。即ち、前
記λ／８長オープンスタブ３及びλ／８長シフシ１−ト
スタブ４続する事によって、λ／４長分布定数線路２の
出力端は偶数次高調波に対して短絡状態と々シ又、基本
波及び奇数次高調波に対して開放状態となる、
従って、ドレインＤから負荷仰１を見たインピーダンス
Ｚｉｎ は基本周波数ｆｏＫ対してＺ。′／ ＲＬ
となると共知偶数次高調波ｎ１ｆ０に対して零となシ
、又奇数次高調波ｎ ２ｆＯに対して意
Ｚｏ Ｙとなる。これによって上述のＦ級増幅器のイン
ピーダンスＺｉ偶数次高調波に対して理想的な短絡状態
となるためこの波形は略完全な方形波となシ、能動素子
内の電力損失を半減させると共に偶数次高周波のスプリ
アス発生を抑制し結果的に増幅器の動作効率を向上する
ことができる。In this equation, when n is an even number, the numerator becomes zero and the composite impedance Zp becomes zero. Further, when n is an odd number, the denominator becomes zero and the composite impedance Zp becomes infinite. That is, by connecting the λ/8 length open stub 3 and the λ/8 length shifter 1 to 4 stubs, the output end of the λ/4 length distributed constant line 2 can be in a short-circuited state or in a short-circuited state for even-order harmonics. , it is open to the fundamental wave and odd harmonics. Therefore, the impedance Zin when looking at the load level 1 from the drain D is Z with respect to the fundamental frequency foK. '/RL
Then, it becomes zero for the common even-order harmonic n1f0, and it becomes zero for the odd-order harmonic n2fO. This creates an ideal short-circuit condition for the even-order harmonics of the impedance Zi of the class F amplifier mentioned above, so this waveform becomes a nearly perfect square wave, which reduces the power loss in the active element by half and also reduces the even-order harmonics. The generation of spurious signals can be suppressed, and as a result, the operating efficiency of the amplifier can be improved.
同、上述の実施例ではλ／４長分布定数線路２の出力端
にλ／８長オープンスタブ３及びλく
て対して短絡状態及び基本波に対して開放状態となる所
要線路インピーダンスの分布定数線路の一端をλ／４長
分布定数線路２の出力端に接続すれば良い。例えば第２
図に示すように上述のλ／８長オーブンスタブ３及びλ
／８長シ菅−トスタブ４を特性インピーダンスｚ２のλ
／４長ショートスタブ６に替えても良い。これＫよれば
λ／４長ショートスタブ６のインビーグン １スＺｓは
。Similarly, in the above embodiment, the output end of the λ/4 length distributed constant line 2 has the λ/8 length open stub 3 and the required line impedance distribution constant that is in a short-circuited state with respect to λ and in an open state with respect to the fundamental wave. One end of the line may be connected to the output end of the λ/4 length distributed constant line 2. For example, the second
As shown in the figure, the above-mentioned λ/8 long oven stub 3 and λ
/8 length tube stub 4 with characteristic impedance z2 λ
/4 length short stub 6 may be used instead. According to this K, the inbegun 1st Zs of λ/4 length short stub 6 is.
であるから、ｎが偶数の場合零となシ又、ｎが奇数の場
合は無限大となる。即ち上述の説明と同様に偶数次高調
波ｎ、・ｆｏＫ対してのインピーダンスＺｉｎ を改
善し増幅器の動作効率を向上することができろ。Therefore, if n is an even number, it will be zero, and if n is an odd number, it will be infinite. That is, as in the above explanation, it is possible to improve the impedance Zin for even-order harmonics n, .foK and improve the operational efficiency of the amplifier.
又１本発明のλ／４長分布定数線路２はこれと等価な線
路波長がλ／４の奇数倍の分布定数線路であっても良い
ことは自明であろう。It is obvious that the λ/4 length distributed constant line 2 of the present invention may be a distributed constant line whose equivalent line wavelength is an odd multiple of λ/4.
コ発明の効果）
本発明は以上説明したように、λ／４長分布定数線路の
出力端にλ／８長オープンスタブ及びλ／８長シ１１）
スタブを付加することによって増幅素子内の電力損失を
半減し、増幅器の動作効率を向上させ得るように構成し
たものであるから、電力増幅器を小型軽量化するととも
に低価格化をはかる上で著しい効果がある。Effects of the Invention) As explained above, the present invention provides a λ/8 length open stub and a λ/8 length wire at the output end of the λ/4 length distributed constant line.
By adding a stub, the power loss within the amplifier element is halved and the operating efficiency of the amplifier is improved, so it is extremely effective in making power amplifiers smaller and lighter and lowering their cost. There is.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示した回路図。
第２図は本発明の変形実施例を示した回路図。
第３図は従来例を示した回路図、第４図は理想的表ドレ
イン電圧波形及びドレイン電流波形を示した図、第５図
は従来型の回路によるドレイン電圧波形及びドレイン電
流波形を示した図である。
１・・・・・・・・・増幅用能動素子、 ２・・・
・・・・・・λ／４長分布定数線路、 ３・・・・
・・・・・λ／８長オープンスタブ、 ４・・・・
・・・・・λ／８長シヨシヨートスタブ ５・・・・
・・・・・ＬＣ並列同調回路。
６・・・・・・・・・λ／４長シヲートスタブ。
１らＪＫ’ｊ’出題入
」４！、ど１．ノ：二１ム乞ＪたＩ′七式会名４Ｅ第３
図FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a modified embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a circuit diagram showing a conventional example, Figure 4 is a diagram showing ideal front drain voltage waveforms and drain current waveforms, and Figure 5 is a diagram showing drain voltage waveforms and drain current waveforms according to a conventional circuit. It is a diagram. 1... Active element for amplification, 2...
......λ/4 length distributed constant line, 3...
...λ/8 length open stub, 4...
・・・・・・λ/8 length stub 5・・・・
...LC parallel tuning circuit. 6......λ/4 length seat stub. 1 JK'j' questions included" 4! , Do1.ノ: 21m beggar I' 7th ceremony name 4E 3rd
figure
Claims (1)
、該方形波から波長λの基本波成分を得るようにした電
力増幅器に於いてλ／４長の奇数倍の分布定数線路と基
本波成分の周波数に同調する並列共振回路との直列回路
を能動素子の出力端とアースとの間に接続すると共に基
本波成分の偶数高調波に対して短絡状態及び基本波に対
して開放状態となる分布定数線路の一端を前記λ／４長
の奇数倍の分布定数線路と並列共振回路との間の接続線
に接続したことを特徴とする高能率電力増幅器。In a power amplifier that generates a square wave by causing an active element to perform a switching operation, and obtains a fundamental wave component of wavelength λ from the square wave, a distributed constant line with an odd multiple of the length of λ/4 and a fundamental wave component of wavelength λ are used. A distributed constant that connects a series circuit with a parallel resonant circuit tuned to the frequency between the output end of the active element and the ground, and is in a short-circuit state for even harmonics of the fundamental wave component and an open state for the fundamental wave. A high-efficiency power amplifier characterized in that one end of the line is connected to a connection line between the distributed constant line having an odd multiple of the length of λ/4 and a parallel resonant circuit.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63092904A JPH088459B2 (en) | 1988-04-15 | 1988-04-15 | High efficiency power amplifier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63092904A JPH088459B2 (en) | 1988-04-15 | 1988-04-15 | High efficiency power amplifier |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01264407A true JPH01264407A (en) | 1989-10-20 |
| JPH088459B2 JPH088459B2 (en) | 1996-01-29 |
Family
ID=14067468
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63092904A Expired - Lifetime JPH088459B2 (en) | 1988-04-15 | 1988-04-15 | High efficiency power amplifier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH088459B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009194501A (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2009-08-27 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Amplifier |
| JP2023025451A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-22 | 株式会社京三製作所 | High-frequency amplifier |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60109310A (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-06-14 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Power amplifier circuit |
| JPS62168404A (en) * | 1986-01-20 | 1987-07-24 | Fujitsu Ltd | Microwave power amplifier circuit |
| JPS62147921U (en) * | 1986-03-12 | 1987-09-18 |
-
1988
- 1988-04-15 JP JP63092904A patent/JPH088459B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60109310A (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-06-14 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Power amplifier circuit |
| JPS62168404A (en) * | 1986-01-20 | 1987-07-24 | Fujitsu Ltd | Microwave power amplifier circuit |
| JPS62147921U (en) * | 1986-03-12 | 1987-09-18 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009194501A (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2009-08-27 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Amplifier |
| JP2023025451A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-22 | 株式会社京三製作所 | High-frequency amplifier |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH088459B2 (en) | 1996-01-29 |
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