JPH01246768A - Electrode of fuel cell - Google Patents
Electrode of fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01246768A JPH01246768A JP63073295A JP7329588A JPH01246768A JP H01246768 A JPH01246768 A JP H01246768A JP 63073295 A JP63073295 A JP 63073295A JP 7329588 A JP7329588 A JP 7329588A JP H01246768 A JPH01246768 A JP H01246768A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- groove
- electrode
- cell
- fuel cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 28
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8626—Porous electrodes characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔発明の目的〕
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は、燃料電池に係り、特に、燃料電池の各単位セ
ルに酸化剤ガスを均一に配分し、燃料電池の長寿命化を
図った燃料電池に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and in particular, the present invention relates to a fuel cell, and in particular, to uniformly distribute oxidant gas to each unit cell of a fuel cell, and to improve the length of the fuel cell. Concerning fuel cells with extended service life.
（従来の技術）
従来、燃料の有している化学的エネルギーを直接電気エ
ネルギーに変換する装置として燃料電池が知られている
。この燃料電池は通常、電解質を保持したマトリックス
を挟んで一対の多孔質電極を配置するとともに、一方の
電極の背面に水素等の燃料ガスを接触させ、また他方の
電極の背面に酸素等の酸化剤ガスを接触させ、このとき
起こる′電気化学的反応を利用して、上記電極間から電
気エネルギーを取り出すようにしたものであり、前記燃
料ガスと酸化剤ガスが供給されている限り高い変換効率
で電気エネルギーを取り出すことができるものである。(Prior Art) Fuel cells are conventionally known as devices that directly convert chemical energy contained in fuel into electrical energy. This fuel cell usually has a pair of porous electrodes sandwiched between a matrix holding an electrolyte, a fuel gas such as hydrogen is brought into contact with the back of one electrode, and an oxidizing gas such as oxygen is brought into contact with the back of the other electrode. This system extracts electrical energy from between the electrodes by bringing the oxidant gas into contact and utilizing the electrochemical reaction that occurs at this time.As long as the fuel gas and oxidant gas are supplied, the conversion efficiency is high. It is possible to extract electrical energy.
しかし、上記の様な燃料電池においては、酸化剤ガスの
内消費されるのは酸素のみであるため。However, in the above-mentioned fuel cell, only oxygen is consumed in the oxidant gas.
電極入口から出口まで酸化剤ガスが移動していくにつれ
て酸化剤ガス中の酸素ガス分圧は漸減する。As the oxidizing gas moves from the electrode inlet to the electrode outlet, the oxygen gas partial pressure in the oxidizing gas gradually decreases.
一方、電池反応は酸化剤ガス中の酸素分圧が高い程、或
いは酸化剤ガスの流量が多い程速度が大きくなる。従っ
て、入口と出口の間で電池反応を均一に進行させるため
には、酸化剤ガス中の酸素分圧や酸化剤ガスの流量を補
正するなどの処理を取る必要がある。On the other hand, the speed of the battery reaction increases as the partial pressure of oxygen in the oxidizing gas increases or as the flow rate of the oxidizing gas increases. Therefore, in order to make the cell reaction proceed uniformly between the inlet and the outlet, it is necessary to take steps such as correcting the oxygen partial pressure in the oxidant gas and the flow rate of the oxidant gas.
第８図は、上記原理に基づく特にリン酸を電解質とした
、リブ付き電極型の燃料電池における単位セルの構成例
を縦断面斜視図に示したものである。即ち、電解質とし
てのリン酸をマトリックスに含浸して成る電解質層１を
挟んで、多孔質炭素材から成るアノード電極３ａ、カソ
ード電極３ｂが配設され、その電解質層１と接する側に
は、触媒２ａ。FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional perspective view showing an example of the structure of a unit cell in a ribbed electrode type fuel cell based on the above principle and using phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. That is, an anode electrode 3a and a cathode electrode 3b made of a porous carbon material are disposed with an electrolyte layer 1 made of a matrix impregnated with phosphoric acid as an electrolyte, and a catalyst is provided on the side in contact with the electrolyte layer 1. 2a.
２ｂがそれぞれ塗布され、且つ背面側にはリブ４ａ。2b are applied respectively, and ribs 4a are provided on the back side.
４ｂ及び燃料ガス、酸化剤ガスの流通する溝５ａ、 ５
ｂが形成されているにこで、燃料ガスの流通する溝５ａ
と酸化剤ガスの流通する溝５ｂとは、互いに直交する方
向に規則的に複数本平行に形成されている。この様にし
て単位セルが形成され、この単位セルを緻密な炭素質で
作られたセパレータ６を挟んで複数個積層することによ
り、単位セル積層体が構成されている。4b, and grooves 5a, 5 through which fuel gas and oxidizing gas flow.
Groove 5a through which fuel gas flows, where b is formed.
A plurality of grooves 5b through which the oxidant gas flows are regularly formed in parallel in directions orthogonal to each other. A unit cell is formed in this manner, and a unit cell laminate is constructed by stacking a plurality of unit cells with separators 6 made of dense carbon interposed therebetween.
また、上記単位セル積層体は、第９図に示した様に、そ
の上下端側に集電板７、絶縁板８、締付板９、端子１０
をそれぞれ取付け、適当な締付は圧で上下方向から締付
けるようにしている。さらに。Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the unit cell laminate has a current collecting plate 7, an insulating plate 8, a clamping plate 9, and a terminal 10 on its upper and lower end sides.
are installed respectively, and the appropriate tightening is done by applying pressure from the top and bottom. moreover.
この様な単位セル積層体の側面側には燃料ガス。Fuel gas is on the side surface of such a unit cell stack.
酸化剤ガスを管１１を通して供給及び排出する為の一対
の燃料ガス供給用マニホールド１２．排出用マニホール
ド１３、及び酸化剤ガス供給用マニホールド１４．排出
用マニホールド１５がそれぞれ対向して配設され、適当
な圧力で締付は固定することによって、燃料電池が構成
されている。A pair of fuel gas supply manifolds 12 for supplying and discharging oxidant gas through pipes 11. A discharge manifold 13 and an oxidizing gas supply manifold 14. A fuel cell is constructed by disposing discharge manifolds 15 facing each other and tightening them with appropriate pressure.
（発明が解決しようとするａ題）
しかしながら、従来の燃料電池においては、酸化剤ガス
マニホールドの供給側１４と排出側１５における酸化剤
ガスの組成が異なる為、その酸化剤ガスの密度も異なっ
ている。この密度の違いは、発電負荷によっても変化し
、負荷が高い程密度の差が大きくなる。(Problem A to be Solved by the Invention) However, in conventional fuel cells, since the composition of the oxidant gas on the supply side 14 and the discharge side 15 of the oxidant gas manifold is different, the density of the oxidant gas is also different. There is. This difference in density also changes depending on the power generation load, and the higher the load, the larger the difference in density becomes.
一方、酸素利用率は、酸化剤ガス中の酸素ガス成分が電
池の中を通過する際に、発電によってどれだけ利用され
たかを示すものである６例えば、酸素利用率８０％とい
う状態は、酸化剤ガス供給用マニホールド１４内の酸化
剤ガス中に、酸素ガスが１００１００（／Ｈｏｕｒ）含
まれていたとすれば、電池内部でこの８０％、即ち８０
（＋＊ｏｊ２／Ｈｏｕｒ）が水素との化学反応に利用さ
れて発電を行ない、排出用マニホールド１５の酸化剤ガ
ス中には、残りの２０（ｍｏｆｆｉ／Ｈｏｕｒ）の酸素
ガスが未利用のまま排出される運転を示している。酸化
剤ガスとして空気を使用する場合。On the other hand, the oxygen utilization rate indicates how much of the oxygen gas component in the oxidant gas is used for power generation when it passes through the battery.6For example, an oxygen utilization rate of 80% means that the oxygen If the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas supply manifold 14 contains 100100 (/Hour) of oxygen gas, 80% of this, that is, 80%, is contained inside the battery.
(+*oj2/Hour) is used in a chemical reaction with hydrogen to generate electricity, and the remaining 20 (moffi/Hour) of oxygen gas is discharged unused into the oxidant gas in the exhaust manifold 15. It shows the driving that will be done. When using air as the oxidizing gas.
酸素以外のガス成分は主に窒素ガスであり、酸素に比べ
て比重の小さいガスなので、酸化剤ガス中に占める酸素
の割合が減れば、酸化剤ガスの密度は小さくなる。従っ
て、供給用マニホールド１４の酸化剤ガスが同一である
場合、酸素利用率が大きい程、排出用マニホールド１５
の酸化剤ガスの密度は小さくなる。The gas component other than oxygen is mainly nitrogen gas, which has a lower specific gravity than oxygen, so if the proportion of oxygen in the oxidizing gas decreases, the density of the oxidizing gas decreases. Therefore, when the oxidant gas in the supply manifold 14 is the same, the higher the oxygen utilization rate, the higher the oxygen utilization rate in the discharge manifold 14.
The density of the oxidant gas becomes smaller.
ところで、この様に酸化剤ガス供給用マニホールド１４
と酸化剤ガス排出用マニホールド１５間の密度が違うと
、各単位電池への酸化剤ガスの供給が不均一となるとい
う問題が生じていた。By the way, in this way, the oxidant gas supply manifold 14
If the densities between the oxidizing gas discharge manifold 15 and the oxidizing gas discharge manifold 15 are different, a problem arises in that the oxidizing gas is not uniformly supplied to each unit cell.
この点を以下に説明する。従来の燃料電池（酸化剤ガス
通路の溝寸法：１．６Ｘ１．６■）における。This point will be explained below. In a conventional fuel cell (groove size of oxidant gas passage: 1.6 x 1.6 cm).
酸化剤ガス供給用マニホールド１４及び排出用マニホー
ルド１５の電池高さ方向の圧力分布を、カソード電極の
入口部の圧力及び出口部の圧力を測定することにより、
第１θ図に示したが、カソード電極の入口部及び出口部
とも、酸化剤ガスの静水圧力、即ち、（ガス密度ρ）×
（重力加速度り）×（高さｈ）の影響の為に、圧力分布
は直線的であり、電池下部程圧力が高くなる。The pressure distribution in the cell height direction of the oxidizing gas supply manifold 14 and the discharge manifold 15 is determined by measuring the pressure at the inlet and the outlet of the cathode electrode.
As shown in Fig. 1θ, the hydrostatic pressure of the oxidizing gas is applied to both the inlet and outlet portions of the cathode electrode, that is, (gas density ρ) ×
Due to the influence of (gravitational acceleration) x (height h), the pressure distribution is linear, and the pressure becomes higher toward the bottom of the battery.
しかし、酸化剤ガス供給用マニホールド１４と排出用マ
ニホールド１５における酸化剤ガスの密度の違いから、
ガス密度の小さい排出用マニホールド１５の方が、電池
の上部と下部における圧力の差が供給側より小さくなっ
ている。そのため、カソード電極の入口部と出口部間の
圧力差Δｐは、電池上部における圧力差ΔＰ１の方が、
電池下部における圧力差Δｐ２より小さくなる。また、
電池セル溝内の酸化剤ガスの流れは、流速が低い為に層
流となり、酸化剤ガス流量と、カソード電極入口部。However, due to the difference in the density of the oxidant gas between the oxidant gas supply manifold 14 and the discharge manifold 15,
The difference in pressure between the upper and lower parts of the battery is smaller in the discharge manifold 15, which has a lower gas density, than in the supply side. Therefore, the pressure difference Δp between the inlet and outlet of the cathode electrode is smaller than the pressure difference ΔP1 at the top of the battery.
It becomes smaller than the pressure difference Δp2 at the bottom of the battery. Also,
The flow of the oxidant gas in the battery cell groove is laminar because the flow rate is low, and the flow rate of the oxidant gas and the cathode electrode inlet.
出口部間の圧力差はほぼ比例する（但し、酸化剤ガスは
流れていく途中で酸素が利用される為、物性値が刻々と
変化していくので、完全な比例関係ではない。）。その
結果、電池高さ方向の酸化剤ガス流量分率は、第１１図
に示した様に、電池下方に多くの燃料ガスが流れ、上方
には平均流量以下の酸化剤ガスしか流れないという不均
一が生じ、酸素利用率の高い運転では酸化剤ガス流量の
少い電池上部において酸素が不足し、酸素分圧の差が生
じる。そのため、上部単位セルにおいて、セル電圧の低
下、ジュール熱の増加に伴う焼損等の不具合があった。The pressure difference between the outlet parts is almost proportional (however, the oxidant gas uses oxygen as it flows, so the physical properties change every moment, so it is not a perfect proportional relationship). As a result, the oxidizing gas flow rate fraction in the cell height direction is as shown in Fig. 11, with a large amount of fuel gas flowing below the cell and only an oxidizing gas below the average flow rate flowing above. Uniformity occurs, and in operation with a high oxygen utilization rate, oxygen is insufficient in the upper part of the cell where the oxidant gas flow rate is small, and a difference in oxygen partial pressure occurs. Therefore, in the upper unit cell, there were problems such as a decrease in cell voltage and burnout due to an increase in Joule heat.
そこで本発明は、セル積層方向の流量分布を均一化し、
高性能でかつ長寿命化を図った燃料電池を提供すること
を目的とする。Therefore, the present invention uniformizes the flow rate distribution in the cell stacking direction,
The objective is to provide a fuel cell with high performance and long life.
（課題を解決するための手段）
上記目的を達成するために本発明は、多孔質基体の一方
の面に触媒層を、この触媒層に対向する他方の面に酸化
剤ガスを流通するガス通路溝を配設した燃料電池の電極
において、ガス通路溝の幅および高さ寸法を０．５〜０
．８園の範囲の値に設定したことを特徴とする。(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a catalyst layer on one side of a porous substrate, and a gas passage through which oxidizing gas flows on the other side opposite to the catalyst layer. In a fuel cell electrode provided with a groove, the width and height of the gas passage groove are set to 0.5 to 0.
．． It is characterized by being set to a value within a range of 8 schools.
（作 用）
上述のように、酸化剤電極のガス通路溝寸法を０．５〜
０．８腸の範囲の値に設定したので、セル積層方向の流
量分布を均一化することができ、電池電圧の低下および
、焼損等を防止することができる。(Function) As mentioned above, the gas passage groove size of the oxidizer electrode is set to 0.5~
Since the value is set within the range of 0.8 mm, the flow rate distribution in the cell stacking direction can be made uniform, and a decrease in battery voltage and burnout can be prevented.
（実施例）
以下本発明の一実施例について第１図乃至第７図を参照
して説明する。(Embodiment) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.
第１図はカソード電極を示す断面図であり、このカソー
ド電極３ｂの触媒２ｂに対向する面にはリブ４ｂにより
区画され酸化剤ガスを流通させる溝５ｂが配設されてい
る。この溝５ｂの幅Ｗおよび高さＨ寸法は０．５〜０．
８ｍの範囲に設定されている。FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the cathode electrode, and a groove 5b defined by ribs 4b and through which oxidizing gas flows is provided on the surface of the cathode electrode 3b facing the catalyst 2b. The width W and height H of this groove 5b are 0.5 to 0.
The range is set to 8m.
次に溝５ｂの最適寸法は０．５〜０．８ｍであることの
理由について以下説明する。Next, the reason why the optimum dimension of the groove 5b is 0.5 to 0.8 m will be explained below.
第２図は酸素利用率に対する単位セル電圧の最低値を示
した線図であり、溝寸法を０．５＋ｍ、 ０．８ｍ。Figure 2 is a diagram showing the minimum value of unit cell voltage with respect to oxygen utilization rate, and the groove dimensions are 0.5+m and 0.8m.
１、Ｏｎｎ、１．５ｎｎに変化させたものについて試験
した。1, Onn, and 1.5nn were tested.
一般に、燃料電池の運転条件の一例である酸素利用率を
低下させる場合には酸素の供給量を増加させるため圧縮
空気発生装置が大形化し、周辺機器コストが上昇するこ
とになる。このため、燃料電池のプラントのトータルコ
ストとのバランスを考慮し、酸素利用率を通常７０％、
また、最低でも６０％としているのが一般的であり、第
２図より溝寸法は１．Ｏｎｎより小さいという最低セル
電圧の変化率が小さく、安定したものが得られる。Generally, when reducing the oxygen utilization rate, which is an example of the operating conditions of a fuel cell, the compressed air generator becomes larger in order to increase the amount of oxygen supplied, which increases the cost of peripheral equipment. For this reason, in consideration of the balance with the total cost of the fuel cell plant, the oxygen utilization rate is normally set at 70%.
In addition, it is common to set it to at least 60%, and as shown in Figure 2, the groove size is 1. The rate of change in the lowest cell voltage, which is smaller than Onn, is small and stable.
一方、溝寸法に対する電圧差（ΔＶ）、電極製作費用、
加工精度については第３図乃至第５図において説明する
。第３図は単位セル積層体の単位セル平均電圧と各単位
セル電圧の最低値との電圧差（ΔＶ）を試験した結果で
あり、溝寸法を大きくするとマニホールド出入口間の圧
力差（Δｐ）が減少するため静水圧力の影響が大きくな
り、電池高さ方向の流量分布が右胸−となる。その結果
、電圧差（Δ■）が増加するため、溝寸法は小さいもの
がよく、０．８ｍ以下が望ましい、また、第４図は寸法
精度一定の条件で溝加工をした場合の電極製作費用を示
したものであり、加工性を考慮すると溝寸法を０．５園
以上とするのが望ましい。さらに、第５図は電極製作費
用を一定とした場合の溝寸法精度を示したものであり、
溝寸法を０．５ｍｍ以上とすると一定の寸法精度が得ら
れる。On the other hand, the voltage difference (ΔV) with respect to the groove dimensions, the electrode manufacturing cost,
Processing accuracy will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5. Figure 3 shows the results of testing the voltage difference (ΔV) between the unit cell average voltage and the lowest value of each unit cell voltage in the unit cell stack.As the groove size increases, the pressure difference (Δp) between the manifold entrance and exit increases. As the flow rate decreases, the influence of hydrostatic pressure increases, and the flow rate distribution in the battery height direction becomes right-sided. As a result, the voltage difference (Δ■) increases, so the groove size should be small, preferably 0.8 m or less. Also, Figure 4 shows the electrode manufacturing cost when grooves are machined under conditions of constant dimensional accuracy. Considering workability, it is desirable that the groove dimension be 0.5 mm or more. Furthermore, Figure 5 shows the groove dimensional accuracy when the electrode manufacturing cost is constant.
When the groove size is 0.5 mm or more, a certain degree of dimensional accuracy can be obtained.
次に、溝の幅および高さをともに０．８ｍｍ とした場
合のカソード電極入口および出口の電池積層方向圧力分
布を第６図に、また酸化剤ガスの電池積層方向圧力分布
を第７図に示す。第６図より、溝寸法は従来のものより
小さくしたので、カソード電極の入口と出口との圧力差
Δｐを大きくすることができ、積層高さにより静水圧力
の影響を抑制することができる。その結果第７図に示し
たように、電池積層方向の流量を均一化することが可能
となった。Next, when the width and height of the groove are both 0.8 mm, the pressure distribution in the battery stacking direction at the cathode electrode inlet and outlet is shown in Figure 6, and the pressure distribution in the battery stacking direction of the oxidant gas is shown in Figure 7. show. From FIG. 6, since the groove dimensions are smaller than the conventional one, the pressure difference Δp between the inlet and outlet of the cathode electrode can be increased, and the influence of hydrostatic pressure can be suppressed by adjusting the stacking height. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, it became possible to equalize the flow rate in the battery stacking direction.
したがって、この実施例によけば溝寸法を０．５〜０．
８ｍ となるように設定したので、カソード電極の積層
方向流量分布を平均化することができ、電圧低下あるい
は局部的過熱を防止して高性能でかつ長寿命の電極が得
られる。Therefore, according to this embodiment, the groove size is 0.5 to 0.
8 m 2 , the flow rate distribution in the stacking direction of the cathode electrode can be averaged, voltage drop or local overheating can be prevented, and an electrode with high performance and long life can be obtained.
以上説明したように本発明によれば、酸化剤の積層方向
流量分布を均一にすることができ、高性能でかつ長寿命
の燃料電池を提供することが可能となる。As described above, according to the present invention, the flow rate distribution of the oxidant in the stacking direction can be made uniform, and it is possible to provide a fuel cell with high performance and long life.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す燃料電池のカソード側
電極を示す断面図、第２図は第１図の電極を使用した燃
料電池の酸素利用率と最低セル電圧との関係を示す線図
、第３図乃至第５図はそれぞれ第１図に示す電極の溝寸
法と電圧差ΔＶとの関係、溝寸法と電極製作費用との関
係、溝寸法と溝寸法精度との関係を示す線図、第６図は
カソード電極の電池積層高さ方向の圧力分布線図、第７
図はカソード電極の電池積層高さ方向の流量分布線図、
第８図は一般的な燃料電池の単セル構成図、第９図は燃
料電池の分解斜視図、第１０図は従来のカソード電極の
電池積層高さ方向の圧力分布線図。
第１１図は従来のカソード電極の電池積層高さ方向の流
量分布線図である。
２ｂ・・・触 媒、 ３ｂ・・・カソード
電極。
４ｂ・・・リ ブ、 ５ｂ・・・溝代理人
弁理士 則 近 憲 佑
同 第子丸 健
ｂ
第１図
第２図
第３図
第４５１
第５図
第６図
第７図
第８図
第９図
第１０図
第１１図FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the cathode side electrode of a fuel cell showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the oxygen utilization rate and the minimum cell voltage of a fuel cell using the electrode shown in FIG. 1. The diagrams and FIGS. 3 to 5 respectively show the relationship between the groove dimensions of the electrode shown in FIG. 1 and the voltage difference ΔV, the relationship between the groove dimensions and the electrode manufacturing cost, and the relationship between the groove dimensions and groove dimensional accuracy. Figure 6 is a pressure distribution diagram of the cathode electrode in the battery stack height direction.
The figure shows the flow distribution diagram of the cathode electrode in the battery stack height direction.
FIG. 8 is a single cell configuration diagram of a typical fuel cell, FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the fuel cell, and FIG. 10 is a pressure distribution diagram of a conventional cathode electrode in the cell stack height direction. FIG. 11 is a flow distribution diagram of a conventional cathode electrode in the battery stack height direction. 2b...Catalyst, 3b...Cathode electrode. 4b...Rib, 5b...Groove agent
Patent Attorney Rule Yudo Ken Chika Ken b Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 451 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11
Claims (1)
る他方の面に酸化剤ガスを流通するガス通路溝を配設し
た燃料電池の電極において、ガス通路溝の幅および高さ
寸法を０．５〜０．８ｍｍの範囲の値に設定したことを
特徴とする燃料電池の電極。In a fuel cell electrode in which a catalyst layer is disposed on one side of a porous substrate and a gas passage groove through which oxidizing gas flows is arranged on the other side facing the catalyst layer, the width and height dimensions of the gas passage groove are An electrode for a fuel cell, characterized in that the electrode is set to a value in the range of 0.5 to 0.8 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63073295A JPH01246768A (en) | 1988-03-29 | 1988-03-29 | Electrode of fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63073295A JPH01246768A (en) | 1988-03-29 | 1988-03-29 | Electrode of fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01246768A true JPH01246768A (en) | 1989-10-02 |
Family
ID=13514028
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63073295A Pending JPH01246768A (en) | 1988-03-29 | 1988-03-29 | Electrode of fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01246768A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009076315A (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-04-09 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Reactor and solid oxide fuel cell |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58157062A (en) * | 1982-03-12 | 1983-09-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Layer-built fuel cell |
| JPS60236460A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1985-11-25 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Electrode substrate for fuel cell and its manufacture |
-
1988
- 1988-03-29 JP JP63073295A patent/JPH01246768A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58157062A (en) * | 1982-03-12 | 1983-09-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Layer-built fuel cell |
| JPS60236460A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1985-11-25 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Electrode substrate for fuel cell and its manufacture |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009076315A (en) * | 2007-09-20 | 2009-04-09 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Reactor and solid oxide fuel cell |
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