JPH01220753A - Differential gear device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To perform control action automatically without using a controller by providing torque transmitting mechanisms utilizing centrifugal force over right and left output shafts and a cross shaft respectively. CONSTITUTION:During travel in low speed, torque is not transmitted with a torque transmitting mechanism 11 between a cross shaft 7 and output shafts 10 for becoming the same as an ordinary differential gear device and revolution speed on an output shaft 10 loaded heavily becomes low to be able to turn smoothly. Again, during travel in high speed, torque is transmitted between the cross shaft 7 and output shafts 10 with the mechanism 11 for becoming right and left output shafts 10, 10 in a condition of connected together integrally, therefore even if loads acting on right and left output shafts 10 is different, the both rotate on same rotation speed to improve straightness in advancing. Again, when one driving wheel enters into mud for slipping, one output shaft 10 on the wheel side rotates at high speed for being connected together the output shaft 10 and the cross shaft 7 with the torque transmitting device 11 to transmit torque to the slipping output shaft 10 for getting out of mud.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、走行車の左右駆動輪に回転数差をつけてスム
ーズに旋回できるようにする差動歯車装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a differential gear device that provides a rotational speed difference between left and right drive wheels of a traveling vehicle to enable smooth turning.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

ケース内にベベルギヤを備えた差動歯車′ケースを回転
自在に支承し、このベベルギヤに入力軸に連結したピニ
オンギヤを噛合すると共に、　　□前記差動歯車ケース
内に差動ピニオンと一対のサイドギヤを設け、その一対
のサイドギヤに左右の出力軸を連結して左右の出力軸の
トルクが異なると回転数を異ならせて走行車が左右にス
ムーズに旋回できるようにした差動歯車装置が知られて
いる。Differential gear with a bevel gear inside the case; The case is rotatably supported, and a pinion gear connected to the input shaft is engaged with the bevel gear. A differential pinion and a pair of side gears are provided inside the differential gear case. , a differential gear device is known in which the left and right output shafts are connected to a pair of side gears, and when the torques of the left and right output shafts are different, the rotational speed is varied so that the vehicle can smoothly turn left and right. .

〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕[Problem to be solved by the invention]

かかる差動歯車装置であると、左右の出力軸に作用する
負荷が異なると回転数が異なり、高速直進走行時の直進
性が悪くなったり、一方の駆動輪が泥地に入った時には
一方の駆動輪が空転して泥地より脱出できないことがあ
る。With such a differential gear system, if the load acting on the left and right output shafts is different, the rotation speed will be different, which may result in poor straight-line performance during high-speed straight-ahead driving, or when one drive wheel enters muddy ground, the rotation speed will differ. The drive wheels may spin and you may not be able to escape from the muddy ground.

なお、デフロック機構を設けて左右の出力軸に作用する
負荷が異なっても左右の出力軸が同一回転数で回転する
ようにした差動歯車装置が知られているが、この差動歯
車装置であると構造複雑でコストが高くなると共に、デ
フロック機構を自動的に作動させるには複雑な回路構成
のコントローラが２必要となる。Incidentally, there is a known differential gear device that is equipped with a differential lock mechanism so that the left and right output shafts rotate at the same rotation speed even if the loads acting on the left and right output shafts are different. If so, the structure becomes complicated and costs increase, and two controllers with complicated circuit configurations are required to automatically operate the differential lock mechanism.

そこで、本発明はコントローラ等を用いずに自動的に制
御動作するようにした差動歯車装置を提供することを目
的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a differential gear device that automatically performs control operations without using a controller or the like.

〔課題を解決するための手段及び作用〕左右の出力軸と
クロスシャフトとに亘って、遠心力を利用したトルク伝
達機構をそれぞれ設けて、出力軸の回転数によってクロ
スシャフトと出力軸との間にトルクを伝達したり、その
トルク伝達を中止したりでき、それにより高速直進時の
直進性向上、低速時のスムーズな旋回、泥地よりの脱出
を自動的に行なうことができるようにしたものである。[Means and effects for solving the problem] A torque transmission mechanism using centrifugal force is provided between the left and right output shafts and the cross shaft, and the torque transmission mechanism between the cross shaft and the output shaft is determined by the rotational speed of the output shaft. It is possible to transmit torque to or stop torque transmission, thereby improving straight-line performance at high speeds, making smooth turns at low speeds, and automatically escaping from muddy areas. It is.

〔実　施　例〕〔Example〕

第１図に示すように、ケース１内には、大径のベベルギ
ヤ２を備えた中空形状の差動歯車ケース３が左右一対の
軸受４．４で回転自在に支承され、そのベベルギヤ２に
噛合したピニオンギヤ５は軸受６で支承され、かつ図示
しない入力軸に連結されている。As shown in FIG. 1, inside the case 1, a hollow differential gear case 3 equipped with a large-diameter bevel gear 2 is rotatably supported by a pair of left and right bearings 4.4, and is meshed with the bevel gear 2. The pinion gear 5 is supported by a bearing 6 and connected to an input shaft (not shown).

前記差動歯車ケース３内にはクロスシャフト７が支承さ
れ、このクロスシャフト７に差動ピニオン８が支承しで
あると共に、この差動ピニオン８に噛合した左右一対の
サイドギヤ９，９が左右の出力軸１０．１０にスプライ
ン嵌合してあり、この左右の出力軸１０と前記クロスシ
ャフト７とに亘って左右一対の遠心力を利用したトルク
伝達機構１１がそれぞれ設けである。A cross shaft 7 is supported within the differential gear case 3, and a differential pinion 8 is supported on the cross shaft 7, and a pair of left and right side gears 9, 9 meshing with the differential pinion 8 are connected to the left and right side gears 9. The output shafts 10 and 10 are spline-fitted, and a pair of left and right torque transmission mechanisms 11 utilizing centrifugal force are provided between the left and right output shafts 10 and the cross shaft 7, respectively.

すなわち、クロスシャフト７の大径部７ａには左右一対
の環状凹陥部１２が形成され、この環状凹陥部１２内に
出力軸１０の端面に一体形成した環状突起部１３が嵌ま
り込んでいると共に、該環状突起部１３の外周段部１３
ａには第２図、第３図に示すように摩擦材１４とウェイ
ト１５を備えた裏金１６が取付けられ、その摩擦材１４
は環状凹陥部１２の内周面１２ａと対向し、その外周面
１２ｂの段部１７には摩擦材１８とウェイト１９を備え
た裏金２０が設けられ、その摩擦材１８は前記環状突起
部１３の内周面１３ｂと対向し、クロスシャフト７と出
力軸１０が低速回転時には裏金１６．２０に作用する遠
心力が小さいから摩擦材１４．１８が内周面１２ａ、１
３ｂに圧接せずにトルクが伝達せず、高速回転時には裏
金１６．２０に作用する遠心力にか大きくなりで摩擦材
１４．１８が内周面１２ａ、１３ｂに圧着してトルクが
伝達する。That is, a pair of left and right annular recesses 12 are formed in the large diameter portion 7a of the cross shaft 7, and an annular protrusion 13 integrally formed on the end surface of the output shaft 10 is fitted into the annular recesses 12. , the outer peripheral step portion 13 of the annular projection portion 13
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a backing metal 16 including a friction material 14 and a weight 15 is attached to a, and the friction material 14
is opposed to the inner circumferential surface 12a of the annular concave portion 12, and a back metal 20 having a friction material 18 and a weight 19 is provided on the stepped portion 17 of the outer circumferential surface 12b. Facing the inner peripheral surface 13b, when the cross shaft 7 and the output shaft 10 rotate at low speed, the centrifugal force acting on the back metal 16.20 is small, so the friction material 14.18 is attached to the inner peripheral surface 12a, 1.
3b, no torque is transmitted, and during high-speed rotation, the centrifugal force acting on the backing plate 16.20 increases, causing the friction material 14.18 to press against the inner circumferential surfaces 12a, 13b, and torque is transmitted.

しかして、低速走行時にはトルク伝達機構１１によって
クロスシャフト７と出力軸１０との間にトルクが伝達せ
ずに通常の差動歯車装置と同様になり、負荷の大きな出
力軸１０の回転数が小さくなってスムーズに旋回できる
。Therefore, when driving at low speeds, torque is not transmitted between the cross shaft 7 and the output shaft 10 by the torque transmission mechanism 11, and the rotation speed of the output shaft 10, which has a large load, is reduced. This allows you to turn smoothly.

また、高速走行時にはトルク伝達機構１１によってクロ
スシャフト７と出力軸１０との間にトルクが伝達して左
右の出力軸１０．１０は一体的に連結されたような状態
となるので、左右の出力軸１０に作用する負荷が異なっ
ても同一回転数で回転し、直進性が向上する。Furthermore, during high-speed running, torque is transmitted between the cross shaft 7 and the output shaft 10 by the torque transmission mechanism 11, and the left and right output shafts 10.10 are in a state of being integrally connected, so that the left and right outputs are Even if the loads acting on the shaft 10 are different, the shaft 10 rotates at the same number of rotations, improving straightness.

また、一方の駆動輪が泥地に入って空転した場合には、
その一方の出力軸１０が高速回転してトルク伝達機構１
１によってその出力軸１０とクロスシャフト７とが連結
して空転していた出力軸１０　Ｅ　トルクが伝達して泥
地を脱出できる。Also, if one of the drive wheels slips into muddy ground,
One of the output shafts 10 rotates at high speed and the torque transmission mechanism 1
1, the output shaft 10 and the cross shaft 7 are connected, and the torque of the output shaft 10E, which has been idling, is transmitted and it is possible to escape from the muddy ground.

〔発明の効果〕〔Effect of the invention〕

出力軸１０の回転数によってトルク伝達機構１１でクロ
スシャフト７と出力軸１０との間にトルクを伝達できる
ので、高速走行時には出力軸１０が高速回転してクロス
シャフト７と出力軸１０との間にトルクが伝達されて左
右の出力軸１０．１０が一体的に連結された状態となり
、高速直進走行時の直進性を向上でき、低速走行時には
出力軸１０が低速回転してクロスシャフト７と出力軸１
０との間にトルクが伝達しないから左右の出力軸１０．
１０に作用する負荷の差に応じて回転数を異ならせてス
ムーズに旋回できる。Since the torque transmission mechanism 11 can transmit torque between the cross shaft 7 and the output shaft 10 depending on the rotation speed of the output shaft 10, the output shaft 10 rotates at high speed during high-speed driving, and the torque is transmitted between the cross shaft 7 and the output shaft 10. Torque is transmitted to the left and right output shafts 10.10, which become integrally connected, improving straight-line performance during high-speed straight running, and when running at low speeds, the output shaft 10 rotates at a low speed to connect the cross shaft 7 and the output. axis 1
Since no torque is transmitted between the left and right output shafts 10.
It is possible to turn smoothly by changing the rotation speed according to the difference in the load acting on 10.

また、一方の駆動輪が泥地に入って空転した時にはその
出力軸が高速回転となってトルク伝達機構１１によりク
ロスシャフト７と出力軸１０との間でトルクが伝達され
るので空転していた駆動輪にトルクが伝達されて泥地よ
り脱出できる。Furthermore, when one of the drive wheels enters muddy ground and spins idly, its output shaft rotates at high speed and torque is transmitted between the cross shaft 7 and the output shaft 10 by the torque transmission mechanism 11, causing the idling. Torque is transmitted to the drive wheels, allowing you to escape from the mud.

さらに、前述の動作はコントローラ等で制御することな
しに自動的に行なわれるので、複雑なコントローラ等を
用いる必要がない。Furthermore, since the above-mentioned operations are performed automatically without being controlled by a controller or the like, there is no need to use a complicated controller or the like.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

図面は本発明の実施例を示し、第１図は全体断面図、第
２図、第３図はトルク伝達機構の拡大説明図である。 １はケース、２はベベルギヤ、３は差動ケース、５はピ
ニオンギヤ、７はクロスシャフト、８は差動ピニオン、
９はサイドギヤ、１０は出力軸、１１はトルク伝達機構
。 出願人　　株式会社　小　松　製　作　所代理人　　弁
理士　　米　原　正　章The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, with FIG. 1 being an overall sectional view, and FIGS. 2 and 3 being enlarged explanatory views of the torque transmission mechanism. 1 is a case, 2 is a bevel gear, 3 is a differential case, 5 is a pinion gear, 7 is a cross shaft, 8 is a differential pinion,
9 is a side gear, 10 is an output shaft, and 11 is a torque transmission mechanism. Applicant Komatsu Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Representative Patent Attorney Masaaki Yonehara

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] ケース１内に回転自在に支承した差動歯車ケース３をベ
ベルギヤ２、ピニオンギヤ５を介して入力側に連結し、
前記差動歯車ケース３内にクロスシャフト７、差動ピニ
オン８を介して左右の出力軸１０、１０に連結した左右
のサイドギヤ９、９を設け、前記クロスシャフト７と左
右の出力軸１０、１０とに亘って、遠心力を利用したト
ルク伝達機構１１をそれぞれ設けたことを特徴とする差
動歯車装置。A differential gear case 3 rotatably supported in a case 1 is connected to the input side via a bevel gear 2 and a pinion gear 5,
Left and right side gears 9, 9 connected to left and right output shafts 10, 10 via a cross shaft 7 and a differential pinion 8 are provided in the differential gear case 3, and the cross shaft 7 and left and right output shafts 10, 10 are connected to each other. A differential gear device characterized in that a torque transmission mechanism 11 utilizing centrifugal force is provided in each of the above.