JPH01210964A - Electrophotographic liquid developer - Google Patents
Electrophotographic liquid developerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01210964A JPH01210964A JP63036245A JP3624588A JPH01210964A JP H01210964 A JPH01210964 A JP H01210964A JP 63036245 A JP63036245 A JP 63036245A JP 3624588 A JP3624588 A JP 3624588A JP H01210964 A JPH01210964 A JP H01210964A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- developer
- liquid
- titanate
- resin
- liquid developer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical group [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical group [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical group [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229940031826 phenolate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical group OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- IEKHISJGRIEHRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid;propan-2-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(C)O.CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IEKHISJGRIEHRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 7
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- CNPVJWYWYZMPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyldecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(C)C CNPVJWYWYZMPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 chloro-1 Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UMHKOAYRTRADAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [hydroxy(octoxy)phosphoryl] octyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC UMHKOAYRTRADAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GPOGMJLHWQHEGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCl GPOGMJLHWQHEGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- DDKMFQGAZVMXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(O)CCl DDKMFQGAZVMXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIPPKMMVZOHCIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroprop-1-ene Chemical compound CC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl LIPPKMMVZOHCIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAZUEJTXWAXSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichlorobut-1-ene Chemical compound CCC=C(Cl)Cl UAZUEJTXWAXSMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZJCDQYVIXPMAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-3-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1Cl GZJCDQYVIXPMAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJCVRMIJBXTMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1C=C YJCVRMIJBXTMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVZNTKZAFRNXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC(C=C)=C1 RVZNTKZAFRNXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZMZREOTRMMCCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichloro-2-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(C=C)=C1 IZMZREOTRMMCCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-methoxy-3-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]ethanone Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C(C)=O)C=C1CN1CCCCC1 OSNILPMOSNGHLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSZOCHFYWWVSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1C=C SSZOCHFYWWVSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQJQPCJDKBKSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 KQJQPCJDKBKSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIPLRXXGXUVQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobut-3-en-2-ol Chemical compound ClCC(O)C=C PIPLRXXGXUVQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHAFIUUYXQFJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XHAFIUUYXQFJEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXXNVUXQBIYAHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloroethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(Cl)OC(=O)C=C SXXNVUXQBIYAHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNQXOOPPJWSXMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1C=C YNQXOOPPJWSXMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJSKEGAHBAHFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 ZJSKEGAHBAHFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UENCBLICVDCSAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 UENCBLICVDCSAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVTWJNGILGLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JWVTWJNGILGLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXZSFWHOSHAKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl SXZSFWHOSHAKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMNYXCUDBQKCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-1-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C(Cl)=C1 OMNYXCUDBQKCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWJSRLYOPQYXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromobuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound BrC(=C)C=C WWJSRLYOPQYXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKOHCQAVIJDYAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid;propan-2-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(C)O.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O KKOHCQAVIJDYAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEVADDDOVGMCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C IEVADDDOVGMCSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VELUXWJJVNZMLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyheptyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)COC(=O)C=C VELUXWJJVNZMLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGISDWFBUFRNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodobuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound IC(=C)C=C DGISDWFBUFRNNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenol Chemical class OC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXAZFDDOJOCXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dibromopropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound BrC(Br)CCOC(=O)C=C GXAZFDDOJOCXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHZXTIBMKNSJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-{[(4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl](4-{ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)methylidene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(ethyl)azaniumyl]methyl}benzene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[N+](C)C)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC=1N(CC)CC1=CC=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1 IHZXTIBMKNSJCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCOC(=O)C=C NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCIFJWVZZUDMRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C OCIFJWVZZUDMRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001602876 Nata Species 0.000 description 1
- JSAKYLQNRCJEHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=C)C(Br)=C Chemical compound OC(=C)C(Br)=C JSAKYLQNRCJEHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWEKGCILYDRKNV-KPOOZVEVSA-L Orange B Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CCOC(=O)c1[nH]n(-c2ccc(cc2)S([O-])(=O)=O)c(=O)c1\N=N\c1ccc(c2ccccc12)S([O-])(=O)=O CWEKGCILYDRKNV-KPOOZVEVSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000009041 PM 40 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMOONIIMQBGTDU-VOTSOKGWSA-N [(e)-2-bromoethenyl]benzene Chemical compound Br\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 YMOONIIMQBGTDU-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethene Chemical compound BrC=C INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- OIQPTROHQCGFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L chembl1371409 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC1=CC=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=CC2=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 OIQPTROHQCGFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PZTQVMXMKVTIRC-UHFFFAOYSA-L chembl2028348 Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N=NC1=C(O)C(C([O-])=O)=CC2=CC=CC=C12 PZTQVMXMKVTIRC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000586 desensitisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZBGRMWIREQJHPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC=C ZBGRMWIREQJHPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBCLTORTGNOIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2,2-dichloroacetate Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)OC=C ZBCLTORTGNOIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJELOQYISYPGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound ClCC(=O)OC=C XJELOQYISYPGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- GHXZPUGJZVBLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethene Chemical compound IC=C GHXZPUGJZVBLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013987 orange B Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940104573 pigment red 5 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPPDXAHGCGPUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N red 2 Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=C(C=2C=3C4=CC=C5C6=CC=C7C8=C(C=9C=CC=CC=9)C9=CC=CC=C9C(C=9C=CC=CC=9)=C8C8=CC=C(C6=C87)C(C=35)=CC=2)C4=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WPPDXAHGCGPUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940083466 soybean lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
- G03G9/135—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by stabiliser or charge-controlling agents
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〈産業上の利用分野〉
本発明は、電子写真法に使用する液体現像剤の新規な組
成に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a novel composition of a liquid developer used in electrophotography.
本発明の液体現像剤は、ＰＰＣ及びＣＰＣ複写機、マイ
クロフィルムのリーダープリンター、オフセット印刷用
の酸化亜鉛感光体等の現像剤に利用できる。The liquid developer of the present invention can be used as a developer for PPC and CPC copiers, microfilm reader printers, zinc oxide photoreceptors for offset printing, and the like.
〈従来の技術〉
従来、電子写真用の現像剤にチタネート系カップリング
剤を適用した例として、特開昭５５−２６５１９号公報
、５５−２８０１９号公報、特公昭５９−７３８０号公
報、５９−７３８１号公報等に記載の方法があるが、こ
れらは磁性トナーにおける磁性体の樹脂に対する分散性
、親和性の向上を目的とするものである。また特公昭５
９−１２３８５０号公報には帯電量の安定化及びコント
ロールを目的としたものが提案されているが、いずれも
乾式現像剤に関するものであり、しかも正帯電性の現像
剤に適用されるもので、特に負帯電性の現像剤に関する
ものではなかった。<Prior art> Conventionally, as examples of applying titanate coupling agents to electrophotographic developers, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Nos. 55-26519 and 55-28019, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-7380, and 59- There are methods described in Japanese Patent Application No. 7381, etc., and these methods are aimed at improving the dispersibility and affinity of the magnetic material to the resin in magnetic toner. In addition, the special public corporation Showa 5
Publication No. 9-123850 proposes methods aimed at stabilizing and controlling the amount of charge, but all of them relate to dry developers and are applied to positively chargeable developers. In particular, it did not relate to negatively charged developers.
〈発明が解決しようとする課題〉
電子写真用の液体現像剤の特徴は、たとえば電子写真用
の乾式現像剤と比較してトナー粒子径が小さいため、高
解像力で高品位の画像が再現できることである。また液
体現像剤の場合は、トナー粒子の分散状態を長期間安定
に保つ必要性からも粒子径の小さい方が有利である。<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> A characteristic of liquid developers for electrophotography is that, for example, compared to dry developers for electrophotography, the toner particle size is smaller, so high resolution and high quality images can be reproduced. be. Further, in the case of a liquid developer, it is advantageous for the particle size to be small, since it is necessary to maintain a stable dispersion state of toner particles for a long period of time.
上記のような液体現像剤の特徴をより向上させ、高解像
度で高品位な画像を得るためにトナー粒子径を小さくし
た場合、その比表１面積増大に伴う感度低下が顕著にな
る。すなわち、感度とはコロナ帯電等によって、感光板
上に蓄積された一定量の電荷を中和するに必要なトナー
量のことであり、トナー粒子径が小さいと少量で足りる
ことになり、画像濃度不足が生じる。特に感光板表面が
多孔性に冨み、大きな表面積を持つオフセット印刷用の
酸化亜鉛感光体等に小粒子径のトナーを適用した場合、
その付着量不定によって、印刷工程における不感脂化処
理液の浸透を阻害することができず、トナーの付着した
画像部までも親水化され、印刷画像濃度の再現が困難と
なる問題があった。When the toner particle diameter is reduced in order to further improve the characteristics of the liquid developer as described above and obtain high-resolution, high-quality images, a decrease in sensitivity becomes noticeable as the specific area increases. In other words, sensitivity refers to the amount of toner required to neutralize a certain amount of charge accumulated on the photosensitive plate due to corona charging, etc. If the toner particle size is small, a small amount is sufficient, and the image density increases. A shortage occurs. In particular, when a toner with a small particle size is applied to a zinc oxide photoreceptor for offset printing, which has a highly porous photoreceptor surface and a large surface area,
Due to the indeterminate amount of adhesion, it is impossible to prevent the desensitization treatment liquid from penetrating in the printing process, and even the image area to which the toner is attached becomes hydrophilic, making it difficult to reproduce the density of the printed image.
本発明者は、トナー粒子の小粒子化に伴う前述のような
欠点を解消すべく、粒子表面の改質に着目し、研究を鋭
意重ねた結果、本発明に至ったものである。The present inventor has focused on modifying the surface of particles in order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks associated with the reduction in the size of toner particles, and as a result of extensive research, the present invention has been achieved.
本発明の目的は、電気絶縁性の非極性液体と、樹脂粒子
または顔料粒子と、結着剤樹脂を主体とする負帯電性の
液体現像剤において、非極性液体に可溶のチタネート系
カップリング剤を含有させることにより、小粒子径トナ
ーの高感度化を図り、かつ明確な負帯電性を示し、現像
能力の劣化が小さ（、特に画質の優れた液体現像剤を提
供することである。An object of the present invention is to provide a titanate-based coupling soluble in a non-polar liquid in a negatively charged liquid developer mainly consisting of an electrically insulating non-polar liquid, resin particles or pigment particles, and a binder resin. By incorporating the agent, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid developer that increases the sensitivity of a small particle size toner, exhibits clear negative chargeability, and exhibits little deterioration in developing ability (particularly with excellent image quality).
〈課題を解決する為の手段〉
すなわち本発明は、少なくとも電気絶縁性の非極性液体
と、樹脂粒子または顔料粒子と結着剤樹脂から構成され
る負帯電性の電子写真用液体現像剤に於いて、該非極性
液体に可溶のチタネート系カップリング剤を含有せしめ
ることを特徴とする電子写真用液体現像剤である。<Means for Solving the Problems> That is, the present invention provides a negatively charged electrophotographic liquid developer composed of at least an electrically insulating non-polar liquid, resin particles or pigment particles, and a binder resin. A liquid developer for electrophotography is characterized in that the nonpolar liquid contains a soluble titanate coupling agent.
以下、本発明の詳細な説明する。The present invention will be explained in detail below.
まず各成分の材料について説明し、その後、現像剤の作
製方法について述べる。First, the materials of each component will be explained, and then the method for producing the developer will be explained.
非極性液体は、一般に電子写真用液体現像剤用として用
いられているキャリア液体を使用できる。As the non-polar liquid, a carrier liquid generally used for electrophotographic liquid developers can be used.
特に電気抵抗が１０９Ω１以上で、かつ誘電率が３以下
の有機溶剤が好ましい０例えば脂肪族炭化水素、酸環式
炭化水素、芳香族炭化水素、ハロゲン化炭化水素が挙げ
られるが、臭気や毒性の点でイソパラフィン系石油溶剤
が好ましい、具体例としては、シェルシルア１（シェル
化学社製）、アイソパーＧ、アイソパーＨ１アイソパー
Ｌ（以上エクソン化学社製）等が例示される。Particularly preferred are organic solvents with an electrical resistance of 109Ω1 or more and a dielectric constant of 3 or less. In this respect, isoparaffinic petroleum solvents are preferable, and specific examples thereof include Shell Silua 1 (manufactured by Shell Chemical Co.), Isopar G, Isopar H1, Isopar L (all manufactured by Exxon Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the like.
本発明においては、樹脂粒子となり得る樹脂として、非
極性液体に不溶で、負帯電性を司るハロゲンを含有する
樹脂が通用できる。具体的には、ジクロロブテンやトリ
クロロプロペンのようなハロゲン化オレフィン類、２−
クロロ−１，３−フタジエン、２−ブロモ−１，３−ブ
タジェン、２−ヨード−１，３−ブタジェンのようなハ
ロゲン化ジエン類、フッ化ビニル、フッ化ビニリデン、
クロロトリフルオロエチレン、テトラクロロエチレン、
塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、臭化ビニル、臭化ビニリ
デン、ヨウ化ビニルのようなハロゲン化ビニル！、Ｏ−
フルオロスチレン、ｍ−フルオロスチレン、ｐ−フルオ
ロスチレン、α−クロロスチレン、ｐ−クロロスチレン
、２．５−ジクロ口スチレン、２．３−ジクロロスチレ
ン、２．４−ジクロロスチレン、２．６−ジクロロスチ
レン、３．４−ジクロロエチレン、３．５−ジクロロス
チレン、Ｏ−ブロモスチレン、ｍ−ブロモスチレン、ｐ
−ブロモスチレン、ｍ−ヨードスチレンのようなハロゲ
ン化スチレン類、トリフルオロ酢酸ビニル、クロロ酢酸
ビニル、ジクロロ酢酸ビニルのようなハロゲン化ビニル
エステル！、２．３−ジブロムプロピルアクリレート、
α−クロロメチルアクリレート、α−クロロエチルアク
リレート、β−クロロエチルメタクリレートのようなハ
ロゲン化アルキル基を有するアクリル酸またはメタクリ
ル酸エステル類等が挙げられる。このうち、反応性が高
いこと、沸点が低すぎないため液中反応が容易であるこ
と、共重合しやすいことなどから、アクリル酸またはメ
タクリル酸エステル類が好ましい。In the present invention, a resin that is insoluble in a nonpolar liquid and contains a halogen that controls negative chargeability can be used as the resin that can become the resin particles. Specifically, halogenated olefins such as dichlorobutene and trichloropropene, 2-
halogenated dienes such as chloro-1,3-phtadiene, 2-bromo-1,3-butadiene, 2-iodo-1,3-butadiene, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride,
chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,
Vinyl halides like vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide, vinylidene bromide, and vinyl iodide! , O-
Fluorostyrene, m-fluorostyrene, p-fluorostyrene, α-chlorostyrene, p-chlorostyrene, 2,5-dichlorostyrene, 2,3-dichlorostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, 2,6-dichloro Styrene, 3,4-dichloroethylene, 3,5-dichlorostyrene, O-bromostyrene, m-bromostyrene, p
- Halogenated styrenes such as bromostyrene, m-iodostyrene, halogenated vinyl esters such as vinyl trifluoroacetate, vinyl chloroacetate, vinyl dichloroacetate! , 2.3-dibromopropyl acrylate,
Examples include acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters having a halogenated alkyl group such as α-chloromethyl acrylate, α-chloroethyl acrylate, and β-chloroethyl methacrylate. Among these, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters are preferred because they have high reactivity, are easy to react in liquid because their boiling point is not too low, and are easy to copolymerize.
また、−ＯＨ基を有するアクリル酸またはメタクリル酸
エステルも良好な結果を得て°いる。具体的には、ヒド
ロキシエチルアクリレート、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリ
レート、ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、ヒドロキシ
プロピルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシブチルアクリレー
ト、ヒドロキシブチルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシへキ
シルアクリレート等が挙げられる。Good results have also been obtained using acrylic acid or methacrylic esters having an -OH group. Specific examples include hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, and hydroxyhexyl acrylate.
さらに皮膜性、接着性に優れた現像画像を得るために、
ハロゲンを含有する樹脂が、アクリル酸またはメタクリ
ル酸の炭素相１〜４のアルキルエステルで、アルキル基
の少なくとも１つずつの−Ｈをハロゲンおよび一〇Ｈ基
に置換した化合物が好ましい、これらの化合物としては
、４−クロロ−３−ヒドロキシブテンに代表されるハロ
ゲン化ヒドロキシオレフィン類、２−ブロモ−３−ヒド
ロキシ−１，３−ブタジェンに代表されるハロゲン化ヒ
ドロキシジエン類、０−クロロ−ｐ−ヒドロキシスチレ
ン、２，６−ジプロムー４−ヒドロキシスチレンに代表
されるハロゲン化ヒドロキシスチレン類、３−クロル−
２−ヒドロキシプロピルメタクリレート、３−ブチル−
２−ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート、２−クロロ−１
−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートに代表されるハロゲ
ン化しドロキシアルキル基を有するアクリル酸またはメ
タクリル酸エステル類が挙げられる。Furthermore, in order to obtain a developed image with excellent film properties and adhesion,
Preferably, the halogen-containing resin is an alkyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having carbon phases 1 to 4, in which at least one -H of the alkyl group is replaced with a halogen and a 10H group. Examples include halogenated hydroxyolefins represented by 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutene, halogenated hydroxydienes represented by 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-1,3-butadiene, and 0-chloro-p- Hydroxystyrene, halogenated hydroxystyrenes represented by 2,6-dipromo-4-hydroxystyrene, 3-chloro-
2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 3-butyl-
2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-chloro-1
Examples include acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters having a halogenated droxyalkyl group, typified by -hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
有機顔料としては、Ｃ，１，ピグメントオレンジＢ（Ｃ
，１，２１１１０） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメントオレンジ２
４ （Ｃ。Examples of organic pigments include C,1, Pigment Orange B (C
,1,21110) ,C,1,Pigment Orange 2
4 (C.
１．１２３０５ ） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメントオレンジ３
１、Ｃ，！、ピグメントレッド２ （Ｃ，１，１２３１
０） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメントレッド５ （Ｃ８１，１２
４９０） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメントレッド７ （Ｃ，１，
１２４２０） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメントレッド８（ｃ、ｒ
、１２３３５ ） 、ｃ、■、ピグメントレッド９ （
Ｃ，Ｉ。1.12305), C,1, Pigment Orange 3
1,C,! , Pigment Red 2 (C, 1, 1231
0), C,1, Pigment Red 5 (C81,12
490), C,1, Pigment Red 7 (C,1,
12420), C,1, Pigment Red 8 (c, r
, 12335), c, ■, Pigment Red 9 (
C.I.
１２４６０ ） 、 ｃ、ｙ、ピグメントレッド１０
（Ｃ，１，１２４４０）、ｃ、ｒ、ピグメントレッド１
１ （Ｃ，１，１２４３０） 、Ｃ，Ｉ、ピグメントレ
ッド１４ （Ｃ０１，１２３８０） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメ
ントレッド３８ （Ｃ，１，２１１２０） 、 Ｃ，１
，ピグメントバイオレッド２３、Ｃ，１，バットバイオ
レット２ （Ｃ，！、７３３８５ ） 、仁！、バット
バイオレット３ （Ｃ，１，７３３９５） −Ｃ，１
，ピグメントブルー１５ （Ｃ，１，７４２５０） 、
Ｃ，１，ピグメントグリーン７ （Ｃ，１，７４２６０
”） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメントグリーン３６ （Ｃ，１，
７４２６５） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメントグリーン３７ （
Ｃ，１，７４２２５） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメントグリーン
３８、Ｃ，１，ピグメントイエロー２ （Ｃ０１，１１
７３０） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメントイエロー３ （Ｃ，１
，１１７１０） 、Ｃ１■、ピグメントイエロー６ （
Ｃ，１，１１６７０） 、Ｃ，１，ピグメントイエロー
１０ （Ｃ，１１２７１０） 、ｃ、ｔ、ピグメントイ
エロー１２ （Ｃ，１，２１０９０） 、Ｃ，１，ピグ
メントイエロー１４ （Ｃ，１，２１０９５） 、イル
ガジソイエロ２Ｇ Ｌ 、 Ｃ，１，ピグメントイエロ
ー１５ （ｃ、ｔ、２１２２０ ）、Ｃ，１，ピグメン
トイエロー１７ （Ｃ，１，２１１０５＞ 、Ｃ，１ピ
グメントイエロー８３等のハロゲン原子を含有する有機
顔料が挙げられる。12460), c, y, pigment red 10
(C, 1, 12440), c, r, pigment red 1
1 (C,1,12430), C,I, Pigment Red 14 (C01,12380), C,1, Pigment Red 38 (C,1,21120), C,1
, Pigment Violet 23, C, 1, Bat Violet 2 (C,!, 73385), Jin! , Bat Violet 3 (C,1,73395) -C,1
, Pigment Blue 15 (C, 1,74250),
C,1, Pigment Green 7 (C,1,74260
”), C,1, Pigment Green 36 (C,1,
74265), C,1, Pigment Green 37 (
C,1,74225), C,1, Pigment Green 38, C,1, Pigment Yellow 2 (C01,11
730), C,1, Pigment Yellow 3 (C,1
, 11710), C1■, Pigment Yellow 6 (
C,1,11670), C,1,Pigment Yellow 10 (C,112710), c,t,Pigment Yellow 12 (C,1,21090),C,1,Pigment Yellow 14 (C,1,21095), Organic pigments containing halogen atoms such as Irgaji Soiero 2G L, C,1, Pigment Yellow 15 (c,t, 21220), C,1, Pigment Yellow 17 (C,1,21105>, C,1 Pigment Yellow 83) Can be mentioned.
結着剤樹脂としては、非極性液体に可溶のメタクリル酸
あるいは、アクリル酸の高級アルキル（例えばラウリル
、トリデシル、２−エチルヘキシル、ステアリル等）エ
ステルの重合体が例示できる。これらは単独で用いるこ
ともできるが、２化合物を共重合させることもできる。Examples of the binder resin include polymers of methacrylic acid or higher alkyl (eg, lauryl, tridecyl, 2-ethylhexyl, stearyl, etc.) esters of acrylic acid, which are soluble in nonpolar liquids. Although these can be used alone, two compounds can also be copolymerized.
ただしこの含有量は３０％以下が好ましい、不溶性とな
る化合物としては、メタクリル酸グリシジル、メタクリ
ル酸あるいはアクリル酸の低級アルキル（例えば、メチ
ル、エチル、ヒドロキシエチル等）エステル等が例示さ
れる。また、大豆油アマニ油等で変性したアルキッド樹
脂、天然ゴム、合成ゴム、各種変性ゴム等、非極性液体
に良好な分散性を示す樹脂も使用することができる。こ
れらの樹脂は分散安定性を司る機能も有する。However, this content is preferably 30% or less. Examples of insoluble compounds include glycidyl methacrylate, lower alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl, etc.) esters of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid. Also usable are resins that exhibit good dispersibility in nonpolar liquids, such as alkyd resins modified with soybean oil, linseed oil, etc., natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and various modified rubbers. These resins also have the function of controlling dispersion stability.
非極性液体に可溶で、小粒子径トナーの高感度化を達成
し、かつ負帯電性で高品位の現像画像を与えるチタネー
ト系カップリング剤としては、下記一般式にて示される
チタネート系カップリング剤が適用できる。As a titanate coupling agent that is soluble in non-polar liquids, achieves high sensitivity of small particle diameter toners, and provides negatively charged, high-quality developed images, titanate cups represented by the general formula below are used. Ring agent can be applied.
（ＲＯ）、−Ｔ ｉ＋Ｘ−Ｒ）。(RO), -Ti+X-R).
具体的には、イソプロピルトリイソステアロイルチタネ
ート、ビス（ジオクチルパイロホスフェート）エチレン
チタネート、イソプロピルトリス（ジオクチルパイロホ
スフェート）チタネート、イソプロピルトリ（ジオクチ
ルホステート）チタネート、イソプロピルトリドデシル
ベンゼンスルホニルチタネート、ジイソステアロイルエ
チレンナタネート、イソプルピルトリオクタイルチタネ
ート、ビス（ジオクチルパイロホスフェート）オキシア
セテートチタネート、イソプロピルトリクミルフェニル
チタネート、ジクミルフェニルオキシアセテートチタネ
ート等が挙げられる。これらは２種以上の混合系で使用
してもよい。Specifically, isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate, bis(dioctyl pyrophosphate) ethylene titanate, isopropyl tris(dioctyl pyrophosphate) titanate, isopropyl tri(dioctyl phosphate) titanate, isopropyl tridodecylbenzenesulfonyl titanate, diisostearoyl ethylene nata ate, isopropyl trioctyl titanate, bis(dioctyl pyrophosphate) oxyacetate titanate, isopropyl tricumylphenyl titanate, dicumylphenyloxyacetate titanate, and the like. These may be used in a mixed system of two or more types.
さらに本発明の現像剤には、必要に応じて、例えば、レ
シチン、石油スルホン酸カルシウム、ジオクチルスルホ
ン酸ナトリウム、アルキルアラニン、アルキルナフタレ
ンスルホン酸カルシウム、スルホコハク酸ジー２−エチ
ルへキシルナトリウム等の電荷調整剤を添加することが
できる。Furthermore, the developer of the present invention may contain charge-adjusting agents such as lecithin, calcium petroleum sulfonate, sodium dioctyl sulfonate, alkylalanine, calcium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, di-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate, etc., if necessary. agents can be added.
以上、本発明の構成を詳述したが、続いて現像剤の作製
方法を説明する。The structure of the present invention has been described in detail above, and then a method for producing a developer will be described.
樹脂粒子の作製方法は、特開昭５３−５４０２９号公報
に記載の第二液体トナー製法、ＵＳＰ ３，３１７．６
３５に記載の一般に知られる重合による粒子製造方法に
顕像のものである。すなわち、一般的な重合造粒法とは
、１）モノマーの状態では非極性液体に溶解し、重合し
てポリマーになると非極性液体に不溶となる物質を重合
開始剤と共に、非極性液体中で重合させる。２）非極性
液体に可溶の樹脂を溶解させたポリマー溶液中で、重合
すると非極性液体に不溶となるモノマーを重合させ、非
極性液体に可溶な成分と、不溶な成分の共重合体から成
る樹脂粒子を形〜成させる方法である。The method for producing the resin particles is the second liquid toner production method described in JP-A-53-54029, USP 3,317.6.
This is a method developed by the generally known method for producing particles by polymerization described in No. 35. In other words, the general polymerization granulation method is: 1) A substance that dissolves in a non-polar liquid in the monomer state and becomes insoluble in the non-polar liquid when polymerized into a polymer is mixed with a polymerization initiator in a non-polar liquid. Polymerize. 2) In a polymer solution containing a resin soluble in a non-polar liquid, a monomer that becomes insoluble in a non-polar liquid is polymerized to create a copolymer of a component soluble in a non-polar liquid and a component insoluble in a non-polar liquid. This is a method of forming resin particles consisting of.
本発明の現像剤の作製は、例えば前記した重合造粒法に
よって作製されるが、具体的に非極性液体を反応溶媒と
し、結着剤樹脂となる非極性液体に可溶のモノマーと、
過酸化ベンゾイル、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル等の重
合開始剤を反応溶媒中に溶解する。これを窒素雰囲気下
、攪拌と共に６０“０〜１００℃の加熱によって、約４
〜８時間の反応を行なう。The developer of the present invention is produced, for example, by the above-mentioned polymerization granulation method. Specifically, a non-polar liquid is used as a reaction solvent, and a monomer soluble in the non-polar liquid is used as a binder resin.
A polymerization initiator such as benzoyl peroxide or azobisisobutyronitrile is dissolved in the reaction solvent. This was stirred and heated at 60°C to 100°C under a nitrogen atmosphere for about 4 hours.
Run the reaction for ~8 hours.
続いて、非極性液体中に樹脂粒子となり得るハロゲン原
子を含有するモノマーを滴下し、上記と同じ反応条件の
もとに約４〜８時間の反応を行なう。Subsequently, a monomer containing a halogen atom that can become resin particles is dropped into the nonpolar liquid, and a reaction is carried out for about 4 to 8 hours under the same reaction conditions as above.
また、あらかじめ反応溶媒中に、結着剤樹脂を溶解ある
いは分散した液に、樹脂粒子となるモノマーを重合開始
剤と共に添加し、反応を行なってもよい。Alternatively, the reaction may be carried out by adding monomers to become resin particles together with a polymerization initiator to a solution in which a binder resin is dissolved or dispersed in a reaction solvent in advance.
このようにして得られた樹脂粒子分散液は乳白色を呈し
、粒径が均一で良好な分散安定性を示す。The resin particle dispersion thus obtained is milky white, has a uniform particle size, and exhibits good dispersion stability.
有Ｉ！顔料をトナー粒子とする場合は、使用する有機顔
料と結着剤樹脂を熱２本ロールで約１〜２時間練肉し、
冷却後混合物を非極性液体中に添加し、ペイントコンデ
、イシッナー、サンドミル等で約１〜４時間の分散処理
を行なう。Yes! When the pigment is used as toner particles, the organic pigment to be used and the binder resin are kneaded using two heated rolls for about 1 to 2 hours.
After cooling, the mixture is added to a non-polar liquid and subjected to a dispersion treatment for about 1 to 4 hours using a paint conde, isinner, sand mill, etc.
上記のようにして得られた樹脂粒子分散液、あるいは顔
料粒子分散液を非極性液体にて希釈することにより現像
剤が作製される。A developer is prepared by diluting the resin particle dispersion or pigment particle dispersion obtained as described above with a nonpolar liquid.
希釈濃度は、高すぎると地かぶりの原因となり、低すぎ
ると画像濃度の低下になるため、不乾燥成分で０．１−
１０重量％が適しており、好ましくは０゜３〜３．０重
量％である。If the dilution concentration is too high, it will cause background fogging, and if it is too low, it will reduce the image density.
10% by weight is suitable, preferably 0.3-3.0% by weight.
チタネート系カップリング剤は、ａ１ｉｉｉ分散液とし
て得られた合成後の樹脂粒子分散液、あるいは分散処理
後の顔料分散液に添加してもよい。非極性液体で希釈後
の現像剤に直接添加してもよい。The titanate coupling agent may be added to the synthesized resin particle dispersion obtained as the aliii dispersion or to the pigment dispersion after dispersion treatment. It may be added directly to the developer after dilution with a non-polar liquid.
また有機顔料と結着剤樹脂の練肉混合物を非極性液体中
に添加する際に、チタネート系カップリング剤を同時に
添加し、分散処理を行なってもよい。Further, when adding the ground mixture of the organic pigment and the binder resin into the nonpolar liquid, a titanate coupling agent may be added at the same time to perform a dispersion treatment.
ナタネ−１・系カンプリング剤の添加量は現像剤の乾燥
不揮発成分重量に対し、て０．０５重量％〜１５．０重
量％であるが、他の電荷調整剤と併用する場合は０．０
５重量％〜１０．０重量％の範囲が好ましい。しかし使
用する樹脂粒子、顔料粒子の種類、粒子径、チタネート
系カップリング剤の種類等が異なれば上記の最適添加量
も異なるので、この範囲に限定するものではない。The amount of the rapeseed-1 compounding agent added is 0.05% to 15.0% by weight based on the dry nonvolatile component weight of the developer, but when used in combination with other charge control agents, the amount is 0.05% to 15.0% by weight. 0
A range of 5% to 10.0% by weight is preferred. However, if the types and diameters of the resin particles and pigment particles used, the type of titanate coupling agent, etc. differ, the above-mentioned optimum addition amount will also differ, so it is not limited to this range.
〈発明の作用〉
−ｌ’ＩＱ的に液体現像剤のトナー粒子は、分散媒中で
粒子表面近傍に電気二重層を形成し、帯電しているもの
と考えられている。このような液体にナタネートト系カ
ップリング剤を添加すると、トナー粒子表面に対して速
かに吸着層を形成し、その電気的半径を大きくする効果
を示すものと推察される。すなわちトナー粒子が電気流
動する場合の、粒子表面からすべり面までの距離を長く
する作用を示すものと考えられる。よって粒子径を拡大
し、比表面積を減少させる作用と同等の効果を示すこと
になり、本来比表面積の大きい小粒子径のトナー粒子で
も多量に付着させることが可能になると考えられる。<Action of the Invention> -IQ It is believed that toner particles of a liquid developer form an electric double layer near the particle surface in a dispersion medium and are electrically charged. It is presumed that when a nathanate-based coupling agent is added to such a liquid, an adsorption layer is rapidly formed on the surface of the toner particles, thereby exhibiting the effect of enlarging the electrical radius. In other words, it is thought that this effect increases the distance from the particle surface to the sliding surface when the toner particles undergo electroflow. Therefore, the effect is equivalent to that of increasing the particle size and decreasing the specific surface area, and it is considered that even toner particles with a small particle size, which originally have a large specific surface area, can be deposited in large quantities.
さらに、トナー粒子表面には結着剤樹脂が吸着あるいは
化学的に結合している七考えられるが、特に分散媒との
相溶性が低い結着剤樹脂を含有している現像剤にチタネ
ート系カップリング剤を添加した場合、分散媒と結着剤
樹脂の親和性を改善し、結着剤樹脂分子の分散媒中での
広がりを拡大するため、粒子径を大きくする効果を示す
ものと考えられる。Furthermore, it is thought that a binder resin is adsorbed or chemically bonded to the surface of toner particles, but titanate-based cups are particularly important for developers containing binder resins that have low compatibility with the dispersion medium. When a ring agent is added, it is thought to have the effect of increasing the particle size because it improves the affinity between the dispersion medium and the binder resin and expands the spread of the binder resin molecules in the dispersion medium. .
また、チタネート系カンプリング剤は通常使用される公
知の電荷調整剤に比較して、現像液の導電率を低く保つ
特性を持つため、現像効率が改善される。In addition, since the titanate camping agent has the property of keeping the conductivity of the developing solution low compared to commonly used known charge control agents, the development efficiency is improved.
従って、実際の現像では上記の特性の相乗効果によって
小粒子径トナーの高感度化が可能になる。Therefore, in actual development, the synergistic effect of the above characteristics makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of small particle size toner.
〈発明の実施例〉 以下、本発明の実施例を用いてさらに詳細に説明する。<Embodiments of the invention> Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail using examples.
（実施例１）
アイソパーＧ（エッソ化学社製） １２０ｇ、２−エチ
ルへキシルメタクリレート１０．ｇ 、 還元ゴム（精
工化学社製、サーモライ）−Ｈ） Ｌｏｇ 、アゾビス
イソブチロニトリル０．０５ｇを５００ｃｃ ４つロフ
ラスコに入れ、窒素雰囲気下で攪拌しつつ８０℃に加熱
し、６時間反応させて結着剤樹脂を合成した０次にアゾ
ビスイソブチロニトリル０．０５ｇを熔解させた２−ク
ロロエチルメタクリレート５ｇ、２−ヒドロキシエチル
メタクリレート５ｇの混合液を３０分かけて滴下し、さ
らに同し条件で８時間加熱、攪拌を行なった。(Example 1) Isopar G (manufactured by Esso Chemical Co., Ltd.) 120 g, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate 10. g, reduced rubber (manufactured by Seiko Kagaku Co., Ltd., Thermolye)-H) Log, 0.05 g of azobisisobutyronitrile was placed in a 500 cc flask, heated to 80° C. with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere, and reacted for 6 hours. Then, a mixture of 5 g of 2-chloroethyl methacrylate and 5 g of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in which 0.05 g of azobisisobutyronitrile was dissolved was added dropwise over 30 minutes, and then Heating and stirring were performed under the same conditions for 8 hours.
粒径の均一な白色の樹脂粒子分散液が得られた。A white resin particle dispersion with uniform particle size was obtained.
この濃厚な分散液を適量採取し、アイソパーＧで希釈し
て、全体で１５００ｇとし、希釈濃度１．０重量％に調
製した。この希釈液にイソプロピルトリイソステアロイ
ルチタネートを０．０５ｇ添加したものを現像剤とした
。An appropriate amount of this thick dispersion was taken and diluted with Isopar G to give a total of 1500 g and a diluted concentration of 1.0% by weight. A developer was prepared by adding 0.05 g of isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate to this diluted solution.
得られた現像剤に対し、電極間隔２．０ｍｍのＡＩ調製
行平板電極を浸漬し、１００Ｖ、 ２０ｓｅｃの条件に
て密着を行ない、乾燥させた後、電着膜にＡｕ蒸着を処
し、走査型電子顕微鏡で３万倍に拡大して観察したとこ
ろ、平均粒径が約０．０３μｍであった。An AI-prepared flat plate electrode with an electrode spacing of 2.0 mm was immersed in the obtained developer, and the electrodes were brought into close contact under the conditions of 100 V and 20 sec. After drying, the electrodeposited film was subjected to Au vapor deposition, and a scanning type electrode was applied. When observed with an electron microscope at a magnification of 30,000 times, the average particle size was about 0.03 μm.
さらに岩崎通信機社製ＰＭ−４０オフセット印刷用製版
機の現像電極板を反転現像用に現像機本体がら絶縁し、
現像剤を投入し、岩崎通信機社製？ＩＬ−２マスターに
対し通常の露光条件で画像露光し、反転現像を行なった
。その結果、鮮鋭で透明な現像画像が得られた。この製
版物を三菱製紙社製エツチングコンバーター０）１−１
１ で、リョービエッチ液３０００を使用し不感脂化処
理後、リョービＡＤ−８０オフセット印刷機で印刷した
。その結果、２０００枚の印刷後も印刷画像濃度が１．
２以上（マクベス反射濃度計ＲＤ１．９１．４ ）であ
り、鮮鋭で画像幅の変化も全んど無（、地かぶりもない
高品位な印刷物が得られた。Furthermore, the developing electrode plate of the PM-40 offset printing plate making machine manufactured by Iwasaki Tsushinki Co., Ltd. was insulated from the developing machine body for reversal development.
Insert developer, made by Iwasaki Tsushinki Co., Ltd.? Image exposure was performed on the IL-2 master under normal exposure conditions, and reversal development was performed. As a result, a sharp and transparent developed image was obtained. This plate-made material was processed using an etching converter manufactured by Mitsubishi Paper Mills 0) 1-1.
1 was desensitized using Ryobi Etch Liquid 3000, and then printed using a Ryobi AD-80 offset printing machine. As a result, even after printing 2000 sheets, the printed image density remained 1.
2 or higher (Macbeth reflection densitometer RD 1.91.4), a high-quality printed matter was obtained that was sharp and had no change in image width (and no background fog).
また、この現像剤を１力月密閉放置しても沈殿等何んら
変化は見られず調製初期と同様の画像が、得られた。Furthermore, even when this developer was allowed to stand for one month in a sealed container, no changes such as precipitation were observed, and an image similar to that at the initial stage of preparation was obtained.
（実施例２）
実施例１のイソプロピルトリイソステフロイルチタネー
トの代わりにビス（ジオクチルパイロホスフェート）オ
キシアセテートチタネートを使用し、他は同様に製版、
印刷を行なった。２００００００枚目画像度が１．２以
上であり、実施例１と同様の高品位な画像が得られた。(Example 2) Bis(dioctyl pyrophosphate) oxyacetate titanate was used instead of isopropyl triisostefroyl titanate in Example 1, and other steps were performed in the same manner as plate making and
I printed it. The image quality of the 2,000,000th sheet was 1.2 or higher, and a high-quality image similar to that of Example 1 was obtained.
（実施例３）
実施例１のイソプロピルトリイソステアロイルチタネー
トの代わりにイソプロピルトリオクタノイルチタネート
を使用し、同様に現像剤を作製した。他は同様に製版、
印刷を行なった。印刷画像は実施例１と同様に良好であ
った。(Example 3) A developer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, using isopropyl trioctanoyl titanate instead of isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate. Others are made in the same way,
I printed it. The printed image was as good as in Example 1.
（比較例１）
実施例１の現像剤にチタネート系カップリング剤を添加
しないものを現像剤とし、４他は同様に製版、印刷を行
なった。得られた印刷画像にはエッヂ効果が認められた
。１００枚目の印刷画像濃度が０．３以下であり、印刷
画像濃度を十分再現するに足りるトナー付着量が得られ
たなかった。(Comparative Example 1) The developer used in Example 1 without the addition of a titanate coupling agent was used, and plate making and printing were performed in the same manner as in Example 4 and the others. Edge effects were observed in the resulting printed image. The density of the printed image on the 100th sheet was 0.3 or less, indicating that a sufficient amount of toner adhesion was not obtained to sufficiently reproduce the density of the printed image.
（比較例２）
実施例１のイソプロピルトリイソステアロイルチタネー
トの代わりに大豆レシチン０．２ｇを添加したものを現
像剤とした。他は同様に製版、印刷を行なった。印刷画
像にはエッヂ効果が見られず、トナーが均一に、付着し
た画像が得られた。しかし１００枚目の印刷画像濃度が
０．５以下であった。(Comparative Example 2) A developer was prepared by adding 0.2 g of soybean lecithin instead of the isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate of Example 1. The other plate making and printing were done in the same way. No edge effect was observed in the printed image, and an image in which the toner was evenly adhered was obtained. However, the density of the printed image on the 100th sheet was 0.5 or less.
（実施例４）
ベンジジンエロー（Ｃ，１，２１０９０） ３０ｇ 、
還元ゴム（精工化学社製、サーモライ１−Ｎ） ４０ｇ
、流動パラフィン１５ｇを約８０℃の熱２本ロールで
１．５時間練肉し、冷却後混合９１２０ｇをアイソパー
Ｇ１２０ｇ中に添加し、横型サンドミルにて、３００Ｑ
ｒｐｍ 、２時間の分散処理を行なった。この濃厚な分
散液をアイソパーＧで希釈して全体で１５００ｇ とし
、希釈濃度を０．７１４ｔ％に調製した。この希釈液に
イソプロピルトリイソステアロイルチタネートを０．７
ｇ添加したものを現像剤とした。トナー粒子系は約０．
２ μｍであった。(Example 4) Benzidine Yellow (C, 1, 21090) 30 g,
Reduced rubber (Seiko Kagaku Co., Ltd., Thermolye 1-N) 40g
, 15g of liquid paraffin was kneaded for 1.5 hours with two heated rolls at about 80°C, and after cooling, 9120g of the mixture was added to 120g of Isopar G, and milled using a horizontal sand mill with a 300Q
rpm, and dispersion treatment was performed for 2 hours. This thick dispersion was diluted with Isopar G to give a total weight of 1500 g, and the diluted concentration was adjusted to 0.714 t%. Add 0.7 of isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate to this diluted solution.
The material to which g was added was used as a developer. The toner particle system is approximately 0.
It was 2 μm.
さらに実施例１と同様に製版、印刷を行なった。Furthermore, plate making and printing were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
その結果、２０００枚印刷後の画像濃度が１．２以上で
あり、鮮鋭で高品位な印刷物が得られた。As a result, the image density after printing 2000 sheets was 1.2 or more, and sharp and high-quality printed matter was obtained.
（比較例３）
実施例４の現像剤にイソプロピルトリイソステアロイル
チタネートを添加しないものを現像剤とし、他は、同様
に製版、印刷を行なった。製版画像にはエッヂ効果が見
られた。 ２００００００枚目画像濃度が０．９以下で
あり、高品位な印刷物が得られた。(Comparative Example 3) Plate making and printing were carried out in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the developer in which isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate was not added was used as the developer. An edge effect was observed in the prepress image. The image density of the 2,000,000th sheet was 0.9 or less, and a high-quality printed matter was obtained.
〈発明の効果〉
液体現像剤の特徴である高解像度、高品位現像をさらに
向上させるためにトナー粒子径を小さくすると、その比
表面積増大に伴い感度低下を招く。<Effects of the Invention> When the toner particle size is reduced in order to further improve the high resolution and high quality development that are the characteristics of liquid developers, sensitivity decreases as the specific surface area increases.
しかし、小粒子径のトナー粒子を含有する現像剤に前述
の如くのチタネート系カップリング剤を含有せしめるこ
とにより、トナー粒子の電気的承径あるいは粒子表面に
吸着した結着剤樹脂と分散媒との親和性を高め、樹脂分
子の分散媒中での広がりを拡大する。その結果、粒径を
拡大し、比表面積を減少させる作用と同等の効果を示す
。さらにチタネート系カップリング剤は現像液の導電率
を低く保ち、現像効率を高める。そのため、小粒子径ト
ナーの高感度化が可能となり、かつ明確な負帯電性を示
し、現像能力の劣化が小さく、特に高品位な画像が得ら
れる。However, by incorporating a titanate coupling agent as described above into a developer containing toner particles with a small particle size, the electrical resistance of the toner particles or the binder resin adsorbed on the particle surface and the dispersion medium can be reduced. It increases the affinity of resin molecules and expands the spread of resin molecules in the dispersion medium. As a result, it exhibits an effect equivalent to that of enlarging the particle size and decreasing the specific surface area. Furthermore, the titanate coupling agent keeps the conductivity of the developer low and increases development efficiency. Therefore, it is possible to increase the sensitivity of small particle size toner, exhibit clear negative chargeability, and have little deterioration in developing ability, making it possible to obtain particularly high-quality images.
表１に結果をまとめた。Table 1 summarizes the results.
（以下本頁余白）(Hereinafter referred to as the margin of this page)
Claims (5)
または顔料粒子と該非極性液体に可溶の結着剤樹脂から
構成される負帯電性の電子写真用液体現像剤に於いて、
該非極性液体に可溶の下記一般式にて示されるチタネー
ト系カップリング剤を含有せしめることを特徴とする電
子写真用液体現像剤。 一般式 ▲数式、化学式、表等があります▼ 但し、ＲＯはアルコキシ基、ｍは１ないし ３、Ｘはホスフェート、ホスファイト、パイロホスフェ
ート、カルボキシレート、スルフォネート、フェノレー
ト、Ｒは炭素和７ないし１７の脂肪族炭化水素、または
その脂肪族炭化水素を置換基に有する芳香族炭化水素、
ｎは２ないし３である。(1) In a negatively charged electrophotographic liquid developer composed of at least an electrically insulating nonpolar liquid, resin particles or pigment particles, and a binder resin soluble in the nonpolar liquid,
A liquid developer for electrophotography, characterized in that it contains a titanate-based coupling agent represented by the following general formula that is soluble in the non-polar liquid. General formula ▲ There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc. ▼ However, RO is an alkoxy group, m is 1 to 3, X is phosphate, phosphite, pyrophosphate, carboxylate, sulfonate, phenolate, and R is 7 to 17 carbon atoms. an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aromatic hydrocarbon having an aliphatic hydrocarbon as a substituent,
n is 2 to 3.
含有する樹脂から成ることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
第１項記載の電子写真用液体現像剤。(2) The liquid developer for electrophotography according to claim 1, wherein the resin particles are made of a resin that is insoluble in a nonpolar liquid and contains a halogen atom.
ロゲン原子を含有する有機顔料であることを特徴とする
特許請求の範囲第１項記載の電子写真用液体現像剤。(3) The liquid developer for electrophotography according to claim 1, wherein the pigment particles are an organic pigment containing at least one halogen atom per molecule.
、かつ誘電率が３以下の有機溶剤であることを特徴とす
る特許請求の範囲第１項記載の電子写真用液体現像剤。(4) The electrophotographic liquid developer according to claim 1, wherein the nonpolar liquid is an organic solvent having an electrical resistance of 10^9 Ωcm or more and a dielectric constant of 3 or less.
の範囲第１項記載の電子写真用液体現像剤。(5) The liquid developer for electrophotography according to claim 1, which contains a charge control agent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63036245A JP2629777B2 (en) | 1988-02-18 | 1988-02-18 | Liquid developer for electrophotography |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63036245A JP2629777B2 (en) | 1988-02-18 | 1988-02-18 | Liquid developer for electrophotography |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01210964A true JPH01210964A (en) | 1989-08-24 |
| JP2629777B2 JP2629777B2 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
Family
ID=12464388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63036245A Expired - Lifetime JP2629777B2 (en) | 1988-02-18 | 1988-02-18 | Liquid developer for electrophotography |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2629777B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0420083A2 (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-04-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Metal alkoxide modified resins for negative-working electrostatic liquid developers |
| JPH04211275A (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1992-08-03 | Dx Imaging Inc | Electrostatic liquid developing solution and manufacture thereof |
-
1988
- 1988-02-18 JP JP63036245A patent/JP2629777B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0420083A2 (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-04-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Metal alkoxide modified resins for negative-working electrostatic liquid developers |
| EP0420083A3 (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-04-24 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Metal alkoxide modified resins for negative-working electrostatic liquid developers |
| JPH04211275A (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1992-08-03 | Dx Imaging Inc | Electrostatic liquid developing solution and manufacture thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2629777B2 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
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