JPH01194613A - Automating equalizer initializing system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To shorten a convergent time of a equalizer by calculating a receiving quality by means of the square sum of an error signal to be a binary signal at the time of tap coefficient updating due to a data signal, weighting an updated gain when as equivalent residual exists because of the bad receiving quality for a set section from the receipt of the data signal, and controlling the updated gain of an equalizer. CONSTITUTION:When the CD signal of a training signal arrives at the prescribed tap position of an equalizer 2, the same pattern as the sent data in a CD period is outputted from a reference signal generator 5. Here, when line distortion is left at the information data, that is, when the equivalent residual is large, the square sum of the error signal of a received quality calculating circuit 8 becomes larger than a fixed threshold TH. Thus, for the constant section of the information data receipt, the AND of a timer 8 output is obtained by a tap updating/weighting circuit 9, the selector of an equalizer coefficient control circuit 7 selects beta, and the tap updated gain is largely weighted. For this reason, the convergent speed of the equalizer is enhanced, an error does not continue, and the data can be correctly and promptly obtained.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、トレーニング信号とデータ信号をキャリア信
号で変調した信号を受信し、復調後に信号波形を等化す
る等化器を備える復調器に係り、特に、トレーニング信
号中の等化器調整信号を検出して参照信号を発生させ該
参照信号と前記等化器が本来出力すべき信号点を出力す
る判定器の出力との誤差信号にて初期設定を行なう自動
等化器初期化方式に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a demodulator including an equalizer that receives a training signal and a data signal modulated with a carrier signal, and equalizes the signal waveform after demodulation. In particular, an error signal between the reference signal and the output of a determiner that outputs a signal point that the equalizer should originally output by detecting an equalizer adjustment signal in a training signal and generating a reference signal. This invention relates to an automatic equalizer initialization method that performs initial settings.

〔従来の技術〕[Conventional technology]

従来の自動等化器初期化方式を第２図及び第５図により
説明する。A conventional automatic equalizer initialization method will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 5.

トレーニング信号は、第２図（ｂ）に示す様に、ＡＢ期
間と、これに続（ＣＤ期間と、これに続き情報データの
直前に配置されるＳＣＲ期間から成る。As shown in FIG. 2(b), the training signal consists of an AB period, followed by a CD period, and an SCR period placed immediately before the information data.

ＡＢ期間では、第２図（ａ）に示す信号点配置上のＡ。During the AB period, A on the signal point arrangement shown in FIG. 2(a).

Ｂ点が又互に発生し、ＣＤ期間では、自動等化器の調整
のため信号配置上のＣ，Ｄ点がある規則をもってランダ
ムに発生し、ＳＣＲ期間では、信号点配置上の全ての点
Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ，Ｄが発生する。Points B occur again and again, and in the CD period, points C and D on the signal constellation occur randomly according to a certain rule due to the adjustment of the automatic equalizer, and in the SCR period, all points on the signal constellation occur randomly. A, B, C, and D occur.

上述したトレーニング信号を第５図のｏＩＡ調回路が受
信した場合、トレーニング信号のＡＢ期間を信号検出器
６で検出した後、復調された信号が、等仕儀の所定タッ
グ位置にきた時点で、送信されたＣＤ期間のデータと同
一パターンデータか、参照信号発生器５よシ出力され、
その値と等仕儀２の出力が順次比較される０これは、判
定回路３と、等仕儀２の出力との差分を誤差計算回路４
により演算することで行い、演算結果を等仕儀２の誤差
信号として等仕儀２に帰還させる。かかる動作を繰シ返
し行うことで、等仕儀２の各係数タップの内、絶対参照
信号と相関をもつタップが定められ、等仕儀２は収束し
て引込み動作を完了する。その後は、判定回路３の判定
結果により微細な調整が行なわれる。When the above-mentioned training signal is received by the oIA modulation circuit shown in FIG. The reference signal generator 5 outputs the same pattern data as the data of the CD period,
The value is sequentially compared with the output of the equalizer 2. This is done by the judgment circuit 3 and the error calculation circuit 4, which calculates the difference between the output of the equalizer 2.
The calculation result is fed back to the isolator 2 as an error signal of the isolator 2. By repeating this operation, taps that have a correlation with the absolute reference signal are determined among the coefficient taps of the isomotor 2, and the isomotor 2 converges to complete the pull-in operation. Thereafter, fine adjustments are made based on the determination result of the determination circuit 3.

尚、従来技術に関連するものとして、特開昭５７−ｔ２
ｓｓｔｓ号がある。In addition, as related to the prior art, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-t2
There is a ssts issue.

〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕[Problem to be solved by the invention]

上述した従来の初期化方式を採用した自動等仕儀を例え
は海外通信や長距離通信に使用し１′ｃ場合、搬送リン
ク等の歪である大きな伝送路歪があるとき、参照信号に
て等化を実現するためのタップデータは一定区間のため
、完全に等化するにいたらず、その後の判定結果にもと
づく調整が必要となる。しかし、係数更新ゲインは、−
船釣に小さく、最終的に等化が完了するためには時間を
要するという問題がある０このため、信号を受信した直
後にエラーが発生することがらシ、これによりファクシ
ミリ等の通信レートが低下する等の原因ともなっている
＠ 本発明の目的は、伝送路歪みが大きな場合でも正しくト
レーニング信号と情報データ信号により等仕儀を調整で
き、等仕残によるデータエラー発生を少なくすることが
できる自動等仕儀初期化方式を提供することにある。For example, when automatic control using the conventional initialization method described above is used for overseas communication or long-distance communication, when there is large transmission line distortion due to distortion in the carrier link, etc., the reference signal is Since the tap data for achieving equalization is a fixed interval, it is not possible to achieve complete equalization, and adjustments based on subsequent determination results are required. However, the coefficient update gain is −
There is a problem in that it takes a long time for the equalization to be completed.As a result, an error may occur immediately after the signal is received, which reduces the communication rate of facsimile etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide automatic processing that can correctly adjust the processing using training signals and information data signals even when transmission line distortion is large, and that can reduce the occurrence of data errors due to processing errors. The objective is to provide a formal initialization method.

〔課題を解決するための手段〕[Means to solve the problem]

上記目的は、データ信号によるタップ係数更新時に、２
元信号である誤差信号の２乗和により受信品質を算出し
、信号検出回路からの情報によりデータ信号を受信して
からの一定区間は、受信品質が悪くて等仕残があるとき
は更新ゲインに重みを付けて等仕儀の更新ゲインを制御
することで、達成される。The above purpose is to update 2 tap coefficients using data signals.
The reception quality is calculated by the sum of squares of the error signal, which is the original signal, and the update gain is calculated during a certain period after receiving the data signal based on information from the signal detection circuit. This is achieved by controlling the update gain of the constant motion by weighting the .

〔作用〕[Effect]

等化器出力と判定出力との誤差の二乗和を監視すること
により、受信信号の等仕残つまシ受信品質を検出し、等
仕残の大きな時は、更新ゲインを大きく重みうけして制
御する０これにより、等仕儀の収束時間は短縮される。By monitoring the sum of squares of errors between the equalizer output and the judgment output, the reception quality of the received signal is detected, and when the equalization residual is large, the update gain is heavily weighted and controlled. 0 This shortens the convergence time for uniformity.

等仕残改善後および、データ信号受信後の一定区間後は
、更新ゲインを最適値に設定して歪を補正し、正しい復
調を行なうＯ 〔実施例〕 以下、本発明の一実施例を第１図〜第４図を参照して説
明する。After improving the balance and after a certain period after receiving the data signal, the update gain is set to the optimum value to correct distortion and perform correct demodulation. This will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

第１図は、本発明の一実施例に係る自動等化器初期化方
式を適用した＠ｌ調回路の構成図である０この復調回路
は、第２図で説明したトレーニング信号とこれに続く情
報データを受信する復調器１と、復調した情報データの
波形等化を行なう自動等化器２と、自動等化器２の出力
により信号領域を判定し本来出力すべき信号点を出力す
る判定器３と、復調器１の出力信号中のトレーニング信
号を検出する信号検出器６と、該信号検出器６が検出し
たトレーニング信号に同期したパターンを発生する参照
信号発生器５と、（等仕儀２出カー判定器３出力、）あ
るいは、（吟仕儀２出カー参照信号発生器５出力）を演
算し出力する誤差計算回路４と、該論差計算回路４の出
力ｅｋの値によ）受信品質を判定する受信品質算出回路
８と、該受信品質算出回路８の判定結果によ〕等仕儀更
新ゲイン重み付けを行なう更新ゲイン重み付は回路９と
、情報データの受信後のある一定区間更新ケインを制御
する等仕儀係数制御回路７からなる。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an @l modulation circuit to which an automatic equalizer initialization method according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied. This demodulation circuit uses the training signal explained in FIG. A demodulator 1 that receives information data, an automatic equalizer 2 that performs waveform equalization of the demodulated information data, and a determination that determines a signal region based on the output of the automatic equalizer 2 and outputs a signal point that should originally be output. 3, a signal detector 6 that detects a training signal in the output signal of the demodulator 1, and a reference signal generator 5 that generates a pattern synchronized with the training signal detected by the signal detector 6. An error calculation circuit 4 that calculates and outputs the output of the 2-output car determination device 3, ) or (the output of the 2-output car reference signal generator 5) and the value of the output ek of the difference calculation circuit 4) is received. A reception quality calculation circuit 8 that determines the quality, an update gain weighting circuit 9 that performs regular update gain weighting according to the judgment result of the reception quality calculation circuit 8, and a certain interval update key after receiving information data. It consists of a uniformity coefficient control circuit 7 that controls.

第４図は、信号検出器６の詳細構成図であ夛、本信号検
出器は、信号のデータサンプリング毎に人力信号を遅延
させる遅延累子で構成されたフィルタ１０と、加算器１
２２乗算器１３．比較器１４等で構成されている。この
信号検出器６には、２次元データＸ、　Ｙが入力される
。該信号Ｘ、　Ｙが入力されるフィルタ１０は、ＤＣと
ナイキスト周波数に零点をもつ特性を有し、トレーニン
グ信号のＡＢ交互の信号スペクトラムは該フィルタ１０
により遮断される。次に続（ＣＤ信号は、一定規側のラ
ンダム信号のため、フィルタ１０に出力が生ずる。つま
シ、信号検出器６は、２乗和の積分により、トレーニン
グ信号のＡＢ期間からＣＤ期間への変化点を検出し、比
較器１４の固定閾値ＴＨにより次段の参照信号発生器５
へ起動をかける。また、ＣＤ期間よシ情報データまでの
間は、ある固定の期間となシ、更新ゲインｌみ付回路９
へ情報データのはじまシ情報を与える。FIG. 4 is a detailed configuration diagram of the signal detector 6. This signal detector includes a filter 10 composed of a delay multiplier that delays a human input signal every time data sampling of the signal is performed, and an adder 1.
22 multiplier 13. It is composed of a comparator 14 and the like. Two-dimensional data X and Y are input to this signal detector 6. The filter 10 to which the signals X and Y are input has a characteristic of having zero points at the DC and Nyquist frequencies, and the signal spectrum of alternating AB of the training signal is
is blocked by Next, since the CD signal is a random signal on the constant side, an output is generated in the filter 10. Finally, the signal detector 6 detects the signal from the AB period to the CD period of the training signal by integrating the sum of squares. The change point is detected, and the next stage reference signal generator 5 uses the fixed threshold value TH of the comparator 14.
Start up. In addition, the period from the CD period to the information data is a fixed period, and the update gain matching circuit 9
The beginning information of the information data is given to.

第３図は、自動等仕儀２、等仕儀制御回路７、受信品質
算出回路８、史筆［ゲイン重み付は回路９の要部詳細図
である。等化量係数制御回路７はセレクタを備え、受信
品質算出回路８からの信号による等化残信号と、更ル［
ゲイン重み付は回路９の時間制御条件をくわえられた信
号により、α又はβのタップ更新ゲインを選択し、これ
を等仕儀２に出力するようになっている０受信品質算出
回路８は、２次元侶号である誤差毎号１３にのΔｘｔ”
７を夫々２乗する乗算器１５と、２乗したムｘ２．Δｙ
２　を加算する加算器１６と、得られた２乗和と固定閾
値ＴＨとを比較する比較器１７とからなる。更新ゲイン
重み付は回路は、ＣＤ期−量変化点情報より、情報デー
タの先頭よりある一定区間の時間を検出するタイマ１８
と、受信品質制御回路８からの信号とのアンド金とるア
ンドゲート１９をもつ。FIG. 3 is a detailed diagram of the main parts of the automatic control circuit 2, control circuit 7, reception quality calculation circuit 8, and circuit 9 with gain weighting. The equalization amount coefficient control circuit 7 includes a selector, and outputs the equalized residual signal from the signal from the reception quality calculation circuit 8 and the
The gain weighting circuit 8 selects a tap update gain of α or β based on the signal added to the time control condition of the circuit 9, and outputs this to the input signal 2. Δxt for each dimension error number 13”
a multiplier 15 which squares 7, and a multiplier 15 which squares 7, respectively; Δy
2, and a comparator 17 that compares the obtained square sum with a fixed threshold TH. The update gain weighting circuit uses a timer 18 that detects a certain period of time from the beginning of the information data from the CD period-amount change point information.
and a signal from the reception quality control circuit 8.

自動等化器２は公知の複索形ＭＳＥ法自＃等化器であシ
、Ｔは遅延器、ＣＭは係数タップである。The automatic equalizer 2 is a known multi-chord MSE automatic equalizer, T is a delay device, and CM is a coefficient tap.

この自動等化器２は、誤走出力ｅｋと次式（すＣｊ＋１
＝Ｃｊ−α・θに・Ｘｊ・曲・・ｅ・（１）のアルゴリ
ズムによりタツブ更新を行なう０尚、ＸｊはデータＸ、
の複素共役を示す。This automatic equalizer 2 has an error output ek and the following formula (Cj+1
=Cj-α・θ・Xj・song・・e・Tab update is performed using the algorithm of (1) 0 In addition, Xj is data X,
shows the complex conjugate of.

斯かる構成の復調回路の動作を次に説明する。The operation of the demodulation circuit having such a configuration will be explained next.

トレーニング信号のＣＤ信号が等仕儀２の所定のタップ
位置に来た時点で、送信されてさたＣＤ期間のデータと
同一パターンが参照信号発生器５から出力される。誤差
算出回路４は、等仕儀２の出力と参照信号との誤差θｋ
を求め、等仕儀２は前記第（０式のアルゴリズムに従っ
た調整を完了する〇その後に情報データが入力してくる
が、それ以後のタップ更新に使用される誤差信号１４１
には、判定器３の出力との誤差信号となる。When the CD signal of the training signal reaches a predetermined tap position of the controller 2, the reference signal generator 5 outputs the same pattern as the transmitted CD period data. The error calculation circuit 4 calculates the error θk between the output of the isomotor 2 and the reference signal.
, and the adjustment 2 completes the adjustment according to the algorithm of formula 0. After that, information data is input, and the error signal 141 used for subsequent tap updates is input.
becomes an error signal with respect to the output of the determiner 3.

ここで、従来の場合は、海外通信等で回係歪が大きな場
合、等仕儀の収束時間が長く、情報データを受信しても
誤シが生じてしまう。しかるに、本笑施例では、情報デ
ータに回係歪がのこシ、すなわち等仕残が大きいと、受
信品質算出回路８の誤差信号の２乗和が大きくなって固
定閾値ＴＨよシ大きくなってしまう。これにより、タッ
グ更新重み付は回路９にて、情報データ受信の一定区間
はタイマ１８出力のアンドがとられ、等化量係数制御回
路７のセレクタはβを選択し、タップ更新ゲインを大き
く重み付けする。このため、等仕儀の収束速度が向上し
て、誤シが継続せず、データが正しく且つ速く得られる
ことになる〇 〔発明の効果〕 不発明によれば、回係の歪成分が大きな場合でも、正し
くトレーニング（３号と情報データ信号により等仕儀を
調整でき、等仕残によるデータエラーの発生を少なくす
る効果がある。このため、海外通信等の通信確率が悪い
伝送路でも、高速のデータ伝送が可能となる。Here, in the conventional case, when the rotation distortion is large due to overseas communication, etc., the convergence time for uniformity is long, and errors occur even when information data is received. However, in this embodiment, if the information data has a large rotational distortion, that is, if the residual is large, the sum of squares of the error signal of the reception quality calculation circuit 8 becomes large and becomes larger than the fixed threshold value TH. It ends up. As a result, the tag update weighting is performed by the circuit 9, and the output of the timer 18 is ANDed during a certain period of information data reception, and the selector of the equalization amount coefficient control circuit 7 selects β, and the tap update gain is weighted greatly. do. Therefore, the convergence speed of the equation is improved, errors do not continue, and data can be obtained correctly and quickly.〇 [Effect of the invention] According to the invention, when the distortion component of the equation is large. However, correct training (No. 3) and information data signals can be used to adjust the transmission rate, which has the effect of reducing the occurrence of data errors due to transmission errors.For this reason, even on transmission lines with poor communication probability such as overseas communications, high-speed transmission is possible. Data transmission becomes possible.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明の一実施例に係る復調回路の構成図、第
２図（ａ）は信号点配置図、第２図（ｂ）はトレーニン
グ信号構成図、第３図は第１図に示す復調回路の要部詳
細図、第４図は第１図に示す信号検出器の詳細図、第５
図は従来の復調回路の構成図である。Figure 1 is a block diagram of a demodulation circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 (a) is a signal point arrangement diagram, Figure 2 (b) is a training signal configuration diagram, and Figure 3 is similar to Figure 1. 4 is a detailed diagram of the main part of the demodulation circuit shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 is a detailed diagram of the signal detector shown in FIG.
The figure is a configuration diagram of a conventional demodulation circuit.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] １、トレーニング信号とデータ信号をキャリア信号で変
調した信号を受信し、復調後に信号波形を等化すると共
に、トレーニング信号中の等化器調整信号を検出して参
照信号を発生させ、該参照信号と、前記等化器が本来出
力すべき信号点を出力する判定器の出力との誤差信号に
て初期化を行なう自動等化器初期化方式において、デー
タ信号によるタップ係数更新時に、２元信号である前記
誤差信号の２乗和により受信品質を算出し、信号検出回
路からの情報によりデータ信号を受信してからの一定区
間は、受信品質が悪くて等化残があるときは更新ゲイン
に重みを付けて等化器の更新ゲインを制御することを特
徴とする自動等化器初期化方式。1. Receive a signal obtained by modulating a training signal and a data signal with a carrier signal, equalize the signal waveform after demodulation, detect an equalizer adjustment signal in the training signal to generate a reference signal, and generate a reference signal. In an automatic equalizer initialization method in which initialization is performed using an error signal between the signal point and the output of a determiner that outputs the signal point that the equalizer should originally output, when the tap coefficient is updated by the data signal, the binary signal The reception quality is calculated by the sum of squares of the error signal, and if the reception quality is poor and there is an equalization residual, the update gain is used for a certain period after receiving the data signal based on information from the signal detection circuit. An automatic equalizer initialization method characterized by controlling the update gain of the equalizer by adding weights.