JPH01190603A - Method for preventing freezing and frost injury of field crop - Google Patents
Method for preventing freezing and frost injury of field cropInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01190603A JPH01190603A JP1156088A JP1156088A JPH01190603A JP H01190603 A JPH01190603 A JP H01190603A JP 1156088 A JP1156088 A JP 1156088A JP 1156088 A JP1156088 A JP 1156088A JP H01190603 A JPH01190603 A JP H01190603A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- quaternary ammonium
- ammonium salt
- ice
- frost
- frost damage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 title 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 title 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 abstract 3
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- ZWPWNOKDENAEDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(11-phenylundecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ZWPWNOKDENAEDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XRWYVUCLNIXTOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(12-phenyldodecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH2+]CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 XRWYVUCLNIXTOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000588696 Pantoea ananatis Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006910 ice nucleation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000588698 Erwinia Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- -1 phenyldodecyldimethylammonium salt Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000588912 Pantoea agglomerans Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- NEAQRZUHTPSBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-nitro-4h-isoquinolin-1-one Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C2C(=O)N(O)C(C)(C)CC2=C1 NEAQRZUHTPSBBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000272522 Anas Species 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218231 Moraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 description 1
- HKKTXNSBMRHKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyl-14-phenyltetradecan-1-amine Chemical class CN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 HKKTXNSBMRHKDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVAKCJYJQCMYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyl-15-phenylpentadecan-1-amine Chemical class CN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 IVAKCJYJQCMYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 241000589615 Pseudomonas syringae Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000589636 Xanthomonas campestris Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010170 biological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- LWWRJGPEMGSPKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-11-phenylundecan-1-amine Chemical class CN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LWWRJGPEMGSPKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXLJCSQCKYGDKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-13-phenyltridecan-1-amine Chemical class CN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KXLJCSQCKYGDKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBUWSYHNBKUMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-17-phenylheptadecan-1-amine Chemical class CN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 FBUWSYHNBKUMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQTBLJBEDHDKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-18-phenyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical class CN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LQTBLJBEDHDKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000019432 tissue death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は茶、果樹、野菜などの農作物の凍霜害の防止方
法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for preventing frost damage to agricultural crops such as tea, fruit trees, and vegetables.
［従来の技術］
凍霜害とは、春期または秋期の異常低温によって発生す
る霜害および冬期の厳寒のために生ずる凍害等の農作物
の低温害を総称する言葉である。[Prior Art] Frost damage is a general term for low-temperature damage to agricultural products, such as frost damage caused by abnormally low temperatures in spring or autumn, and frost damage caused by severe cold in winter.
このうち、春期の降霜（晩霜）を伴う異常低温は、農作
物の新芽、茎葉、花、幼果等に傷害を与え、特に茶、桑
、果樹、野菜等の低温感受性の農作物を中心に毎年少な
からぬ被害が発生している。Of these, abnormally low temperatures accompanied by spring frosts (late frosts) can damage new shoots, stems, leaves, flowers, young fruits, etc. of agricultural crops, and are particularly harmful to low temperature sensitive agricultural products such as tea, mulberries, fruit trees, and vegetables. damage has occurred.
凍霜害の発生には、シュードモナス・シリング（Ｐｓｅ
ｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅ） 、エルビニア
・ハービコーラ（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ｈｅｒｂｉｃｏｌａ
） 、エルビニア・アナナス（Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａ ａｎ
ａｎａｓ） 、ザントモナス・キャンペストリス（Ｘａ
ｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓ ｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ）等といっ
た、氷核活性細菌と呼ばれるある種の微生物が関与して
いることが知られている。すなわち、これらの氷核活性
細菌は、温度の低下に伴って空気中の水蒸気が農作物の
葉や芽に凝結して生じた水滴中で氷晶核となってこれを
凍結させる。その後、凍結は植物内部に伝播し、細胞外
凍結、更には細胞内凍結が進行して組織を死に至らしめ
るのである。Freeze damage is caused by Pseudomonas shilling (Pse
udomonas syringae), Erwinia herbicola
), Erwinia ananas
anas), Xanthomonas campestris (Xa
It is known that certain microorganisms called ice-nucleating bacteria, such as Nthomonas campestris, are involved. That is, these ice-nucleating-active bacteria freeze the water vapor in the air that forms ice crystal nuclei in the water droplets that are formed when they condense on the leaves and buds of agricultural crops as the temperature decreases. Thereafter, freezing propagates inside the plant, and extracellular freezing and then intracellular freezing progress, leading to tissue death.
凍霜害を回避する手段としては、農業用フィルムによる
被覆法、スプリンクラ−による散水法、防霜ファンによ
る送風法、重油やタイヤなどの燃焼による煙霧法、等が
提案されている［茶凍霜害対策資料集 −５４，４，１
８，２２茶凍霜害の実態と対策−（昭和５４年１１月
静岡系農業水産部発行）参照］。しかし、これらの方法
には、いずれも効果、資材および設備の費用、もしくは
労力等の点に問題があり、現在茶園では最も普及してい
る防霜ファンでさえも、特に気温の低下が著しい場合は
、かえって被害を助長することがある等の欠点があった
。また、薬剤による霜害の防止方法も種々試みられてお
り、その一つとしてはヒドロキサム酸誘導体が提案され
ている（特開昭５２−９８１５８号公報）。As means to avoid frost damage, the following methods have been proposed: covering with agricultural film, watering with sprinklers, blowing air with anti-frost fans, and fogging by burning heavy oil or tires. Data collection -54, 4, 1
8, 22 Actual situation and countermeasures for tea frost damage - (November 1978)
Published by the Shizuoka Agriculture and Fisheries Department). However, all of these methods have problems in terms of effectiveness, cost of materials and equipment, or labor, and even anti-frost fans, which are currently the most popular in tea gardens, do not work, especially when temperatures drop significantly. However, there were drawbacks such as the fact that it could actually aggravate the damage. In addition, various methods for preventing frost damage using chemicals have been attempted, one of which has been proposed using hydroxamic acid derivatives (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-98158).
生物学的な手段による凍霜害の防止方法として、エルビ
ニアー・ハービコーラ等の氷核活性細菌に種特異性を有
するバタテリオファージを作用させて、これを溶菌させ
る技術が、特表昭５８−５０１２５６ ＠；に示されて
いる。また最近では、氷核活性細菌にバイオテクノロジ
ーの手法を適用して氷核活性を有さない微生物を造り、
これを農作物に散布して霜害防止を計ろうとする研究が
行われており、米国ではその圃場試験に対しＦＤＡの認
可がおりたと伝えられている（昭和６２年４月１５日
日本経済新聞）。しかしながら、このような生物学的手
法による凍霜害防止法は、エコシステムを乱すかも知れ
ないという懸念から、実用化には更に研究が必要と考え
られる。As a method of preventing frost damage by biological means, a technique was proposed to lyse ice-nucleating bacteria such as Erwinia herbicola by using species-specific batatteriophages to lyse them. ; is shown. Recently, we have applied biotechnology techniques to ice-nucleating bacteria to create microorganisms that do not have ice-nucleating activity.
Research is being conducted on spraying this on crops to prevent frost damage, and it is reported that the FDA has given approval for field trials in the United States (April 15, 1986).
Nihon Keizai Shimbun). However, there are concerns that such biological methods for preventing frost damage may disturb the ecosystem, so further research is considered necessary before they can be put into practical use.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
本発明者らは、氷核活性細菌の一つであるエルビニア・
アナナスｌＮ−１０の氷核活性発現の機構に関する研究
をすすめるなかで、ある種の物質がその氷核活性を失わ
せることを見いだし、これを農作物の凍霜害の防止に応
用すべく鋭意研究した結果本発明を完成した。[Problem to be solved by the invention] The present inventors have discovered that Erwinia, which is one of the ice-nucleating active bacteria,
While conducting research on the mechanism of ice nucleation activity expression in bromeliad lN-10, we discovered that certain substances can cause the ice nucleation activity to be lost, and as a result of intensive research to apply this to the prevention of frost damage to crops. The invention has been completed.
［発明の構成］
本発明は置換基の少なくとも一つが炭素数８以上のアル
キル基であり、他は少なくとも一つが置換されていても
よいフェニル基である４級アンモニウム塩を農作物に散
布することを特徴とする農作物の凍霜害防止方法である
。[Structure of the Invention] The present invention provides a method for spraying agricultural crops with a quaternary ammonium salt in which at least one of the substituents is an alkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, and at least one of the other substituents is an optionally substituted phenyl group. This is a unique method for preventing frost damage to agricultural crops.
本発明に係る４級アンモニウム塩としては、例えばフェ
ニルウンデシルジメチルアンモニウム塩、フェニルドデ
シルジメチルアンモニウム塩、フェニルトリデシルジメ
チルアンモニウム塩、フェニルテトラデシルジメチルア
ンモニウム塩、フェニルペンタデシルジメチルアンモニ
ウム塩、フェニルヘキサデシルジメチルアンモニウム塩
、フェニルヘプタデシルジメチルアンモニラ塩、フェニ
ルオクタデシルジメチルアンモニウム塩等を挙げること
ができる。Examples of the quaternary ammonium salt according to the present invention include phenylundecyldimethylammonium salt, phenyldodecyldimethylammonium salt, phenyltridecyldimethylammonium salt, phenyltetradecyldimethylammonium salt, phenylpentadecyldimethylammonium salt, and phenylhexadecyldimethyl Examples include ammonium salt, phenylheptadecyldimethylammonium salt, phenyloctadecyldimethylammonium salt, and the like.
アニオンとしては、ハロゲンイオン、例えば塩素イオン
、臭素イオン、ヨウ素イオンを挙げることができる。Examples of anions include halogen ions, such as chloride ions, bromide ions, and iodine ions.
本発明では、農作物に凍霜害の発生が予想される際、そ
れに先立ちこれら化合物を単独あるいは２種以上併用し
て、農作物に散布するものである。In the present invention, when frost damage is expected to occur on agricultural crops, these compounds are sprayed alone or in combination of two or more to the agricultural crops prior to the occurrence of frost damage.
散布については特に問題はなく、水または他の適当な溶
剤に溶解もしくは分散懸濁させ、これを適宜の道具によ
り農作物に噴霧、散布すればよい。There are no particular problems with spraying, and the solution may be dissolved or dispersed in water or other suitable solvent, and then sprayed onto agricultural crops using an appropriate tool.
一般に有効成分の濃度は１０〜１０１００００ｐｐ通常
は５０〜１０００ｐｐｍ程度で良好な効果が得られる。In general, good effects can be obtained at a concentration of the active ingredient of about 10 to 1,010,000 ppm, usually about 50 to 1,000 ppm.
また、これらの有効成分はタルク、カオリン等の適宜の
粉状希釈剤と混合するなどして粉体の状態で農作物に散
布することもできる。Furthermore, these active ingredients can be mixed with an appropriate powder diluent such as talc or kaolin, and then sprayed on agricultural crops in powder form.
噴霧薬剤の調製に際しては本発明の４級アンモニウム塩
に加え、必要に応じ農作物への付着性を増すための増粘
剤、農作物内部への浸透性を強めるための界面活性剤等
を併用すれば、より良好な効果が得られることがある。When preparing a spray chemical, in addition to the quaternary ammonium salt of the present invention, if necessary, a thickener to increase the adhesion to the crops, a surfactant to increase the penetration into the inside of the crops, etc. may be used in combination. , better effects may be obtained.
本発明による凍霜害の防止効果は、茶、桑、苺、′キュ
ライ、果樹類、野菜類、馬鈴薯等、従来の技術ではとか
く問題のあった背丈の低い農作物においても顕著に発現
する。The effect of preventing frost damage according to the present invention is noticeable even in short agricultural crops, such as tea, mulberry, strawberry, cucumber, fruit trees, vegetables, and potatoes, which have had problems with conventional techniques.
本発明における有効成分でおる前記４級アンモニウム塩
類は、これらを単独、もしくは２種以上を併用し、必要
により前記の粉末状希釈剤、増粘剤、界面活性剤等とと
もに混合し、粉末状、粒状あるいは乳剤等の形態で商品
化することも可能である。The above-mentioned quaternary ammonium salts, which are the active ingredients in the present invention, can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and if necessary, mixed with the above-mentioned powder diluent, thickener, surfactant, etc. It is also possible to commercialize it in the form of granules or emulsions.
［試験例並びに実施例］
試験例
以下に氷核活性細菌としてエルビニア・アナナスｌＮ−
１０菌株とその外膜画分を用いて実施した氷核活性阻害
物質の検索結果につき述べる。[Test Examples and Examples] In the following test examples, Erwinia ananas lN- is used as an ice-nucleating active bacterium.
We will describe the results of a search for ice nucleation activity inhibitors conducted using 10 bacterial strains and their outer membrane fractions.
試験例１
（ＣＨ） （Ｐｈ）Ｎ（ＣＨ２）。ＣＨ３の４級アンモ
ニウム塩について調べた。Test Example 1 (CH) (Ph)N(CH2). The quaternary ammonium salt of CH3 was investigated.
エルビニア・アナナスＩＮ−’ｔｏの対数期の菌体むよ
び外膜画分を氷晶核として用いた。供試物質は２ｍｌの
０．１Ｍリン酸緩衝液（ｐＨ６，５＞に１１０００ｐｐ
の濃度になるように溶解し、０℃または１０°Ｃに冷却
してから氷晶核（１０８細胞菌体または２８０ｎｍの吸
光度が１０−２となる細胞外膜）を混合してＯ″Ｃまた
は１０℃で１晩静置した債、Ｈ，Ｗａｔａｎａｂｅらの
方法（Ａｇｒｉｃ、 Ｂｉｏｔ、 Ｃｈｅｍ、、 ５０
．１６９−１７５ （１９８６） ）により過冷却度を
測定した。The bacterial cells and outer membrane fraction of Erwinia ananas IN-'to in the logarithmic phase were used as ice crystal nuclei. The test substance was 2 ml of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (11,000 ppp at pH 6.5).
Dissolve to a concentration of The method of H. Watanabe et al. (Agric, Biot, Chem, 50
．． 169-175 (1986)), the degree of supercooling was measured.
過冷却度は供試物質分散液の融点と凍結開始温度との差
で表した。すなわち、過冷却度が大きいことは、水が低
い温度まで過冷却されていることを示し、それは細菌の
氷核活性をより有効に不活性化したことを意味し、凍霜
害を軽減化することを示唆する。The degree of supercooling was expressed as the difference between the melting point and freezing start temperature of the test substance dispersion. In other words, a large degree of supercooling indicates that the water has been supercooled to a low temperature, which means that the ice nucleation activity of bacteria has been more effectively inactivated, reducing frost damage. suggests.
結果は表１に示すように、置換基として炭素数８以上の
アルキル基を有し、他は少なくとも１つがフェニル基で
おる第４級アンモニウム塩に過冷却度を増大させる効果
がみられた。このことは、上記化合物が氷核活性細菌の
氷核活性の発現を阻害する性質を有することを示してお
り、その作用の発現には、分子内に疎水基とカチオンが
存在す、る溝道が必要であることが示唆された。As shown in Table 1, the effect of increasing the degree of supercooling was observed in quaternary ammonium salts having an alkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms as a substituent, and at least one of the others being a phenyl group. This indicates that the above compound has the property of inhibiting the expression of ice nucleating activity of ice nucleating bacteria, and the expression of its effect is due to the presence of a hydrophobic group and cation in the molecule. It was suggested that this is necessary.
＊４回の測定の平均値上標準偏差
＊＊２回の測定の平均値上標準偏差
通常、水は特殊な氷晶核がない限り、−３°Ｃ以上の氷
点下温度では凍結しない。この特殊な氷晶核の本体は、
茶菓ではエルビニア属の細菌である。*Standard deviation above the mean of 4 measurements **Standard deviation above the mean of 2 measurements Normally, water does not freeze at sub-zero temperatures of -3°C or higher unless there are special ice crystal nuclei. The body of this special ice crystal nucleus is
In tea sweets, it is a bacteria of the genus Erwinia.
このことから、茶菓に散布して凍霜害を阻止するには、
農作物に薬害がでない程度の濃度で３℃以上の過冷却度
を発現する性質を有することが要求されている。以上の
試験例から、本発明に係る置換基の少なくとも一つが炭
素数８以上のアルキル基であり、伯は少なくとも一つが
置換されていてもよいフェニル基でおる４級アンモニウ
ム塩は、いずれも上記条件を満たす大きな過冷却度を発
現させ、これら物質が氷核活性細菌に起因する農作物の
凍霜害の防止に有効であることが示唆された。From this, in order to prevent frost damage by spraying on tea confections,
It is required to have the property of exhibiting a degree of supercooling of 3°C or more at a concentration that does not cause phytotoxicity to agricultural crops. From the above test examples, all of the quaternary ammonium salts according to the present invention in which at least one of the substituents is an alkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, and at least one of the substituents is an optionally substituted phenyl group, It was suggested that these substances are effective in preventing frost damage to agricultural crops caused by ice-nucleating bacteria by developing a large degree of supercooling that satisfies the conditions.
また、氷核活性の発現には外股が大きく寄与しているこ
と、過冷却の発現の度合は、いずれも菌体よりも外膜画
分で大きいことから、氷核活性部位の構造は外膜より国
体で強固であること、等が推論された。In addition, the structure of the ice nucleus active site is important because the outer membrane fraction greatly contributes to the expression of ice nucleus activity and the degree of supercooling is greater in the outer membrane fraction than in the bacterial body. It was inferred that the national polity is stronger than the membrane.
本発明に係る置換基の少なくとも一つが炭素数８以上の
アルキル基であり、他は少なくとも一つが置換されてい
てもよいフェニル基である４級アンモニウム塩は、エル
ビニア・バーピコニラ、とうもろこしの霜害の原因菌と
されるシュードモナス・シリング等、他の氷核活性細菌
に対しても前記エルビニア・アナナス同様の過冷却度の
増大作用が認められた。The quaternary ammonium salt according to the present invention, in which at least one of the substituents is an alkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, and at least one of the other substituents is an optionally substituted phenyl group, is a quaternary ammonium salt of Erwinia verpiconilla, a cause of frost damage to corn. The same effect of increasing the degree of supercooling as on Erwinia ananas was also observed for other ice-nucleating active bacteria, such as Pseudomonas shilling, which is said to be a fungus.
［発明の効果］
本発明に係る置換基の少なくとも一つが炭素数８以上の
アルキル基であり、他は少なくとも一つが置換されてい
てもよいフェニル基である４級アンモニウム塩は、茶菓
等の農作物に散布することにより、低濃度でも確実にそ
の凍霜害を防止することができる。なお、本発明の上記
物質は人畜への害作用の可能性はなく、しかも水溶性が
大きいので散布後でも喫食に先立ち水洗することにより
、簡単に除去することができるので、安全性に問題はな
いと考えられる。[Effects of the Invention] The quaternary ammonium salt according to the present invention in which at least one of the substituents is an alkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, and at least one of the other substituents is an optionally substituted phenyl group, can be used for agricultural products such as tea confectionery. By spraying it on the ground, frost damage can be reliably prevented even at low concentrations. The above-mentioned substance of the present invention has no possibility of harmful effects on humans or livestock, and is highly water-soluble, so even after spraying, it can be easily removed by washing with water before eating, so there are no safety issues. It is thought that there is no.
Claims (1)
あり、他は少なくとも一つが置換されていてもよいフェ
ニル基である４級アンモニウム塩を農作物に散布するこ
とを特徴とする農作物の凍霜害防止方法。Prevention of freezing and frost damage to agricultural crops, which comprises spraying onto agricultural crops a quaternary ammonium salt in which at least one of the substituents is an alkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, and at least one of the other substituents is a phenyl group that may be substituted. Method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1156088A JPH01190603A (en) | 1988-01-21 | 1988-01-21 | Method for preventing freezing and frost injury of field crop |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1156088A JPH01190603A (en) | 1988-01-21 | 1988-01-21 | Method for preventing freezing and frost injury of field crop |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01190603A true JPH01190603A (en) | 1989-07-31 |
Family
ID=11781321
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1156088A Pending JPH01190603A (en) | 1988-01-21 | 1988-01-21 | Method for preventing freezing and frost injury of field crop |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01190603A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0862357A4 (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1999-02-10 | Frost B Gone Inc | Process for preventing frost formation on plants |
-
1988
- 1988-01-21 JP JP1156088A patent/JPH01190603A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0862357A4 (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1999-02-10 | Frost B Gone Inc | Process for preventing frost formation on plants |
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