JPH01174343A - Production of silage - Google Patents
Production of silageInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01174343A JPH01174343A JP62329887A JP32988787A JPH01174343A JP H01174343 A JPH01174343 A JP H01174343A JP 62329887 A JP62329887 A JP 62329887A JP 32988787 A JP32988787 A JP 32988787A JP H01174343 A JPH01174343 A JP H01174343A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silage
- lactic acid
- acid bacteria
- bacteria
- added
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 244000199866 Lactobacillus casei Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000013958 Lactobacillus casei Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229940017800 lactobacillus casei Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282465 Canis Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N fructooligosaccharide Chemical group OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(OC[C@@]2(OC[C@@]3(OC[C@@]4(OC[C@@]5(OC[C@@]6(OC[C@@]7(OC[C@@]8(OC[C@@]9(OC[C@@]%10(OC[C@@]%11(O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%12O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%11O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%10O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]9O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]8O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]7O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940107187 fructooligosaccharide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N lactulose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000511 lactulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- PFCRQPBOOFTZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactulose keto form Natural products OCC(=O)C(O)C(C(O)CO)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O PFCRQPBOOFTZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- WOLQREOUPKZMEX-BZSNNMDCSA-N (2s)-2-[[(4s)-4-[[(4s)-4-[[4-[(2-amino-4-oxo-1h-pteridin-6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 WOLQREOUPKZMEX-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000194032 Enterococcus faecalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000001929 Lactobacillus brevis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013957 Lactobacillus brevis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010059820 Polygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003977 dairy farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010093305 exopolygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 formic acid are used Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
酪農業において牧草、プントコーン等の飼料作物を保存
貯蔵する目的で行われるサイレージ調製時に乳酸菌と共
にオリゴ糖を添加して、嫌気条件下における乳酸菌の増
殖を促進させることにより有害菌の発生を抑えて、良質
のサイレージを製造する方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] Oligosaccharides are added together with lactic acid bacteria during the preparation of silage, which is carried out for the purpose of preserving feed crops such as grass and punto corn in dairy farming, to increase the growth of lactic acid bacteria under anaerobic conditions. This invention relates to a method for producing high-quality silage by suppressing the occurrence of harmful bacteria by promoting their proliferation.
刈取り後の水分含量の多い牛革類、青刈類、作物副産茎
葉、根菜類、製造粕などの乾燥の困難なものをサイロま
たは適当な容器に詰めて、主と１ノで乳酸発酵を起させ
て腐敗しないようにして貯蔵した飼料をサイレージと称
する。乳酸発酵による植物性食品の保存は、すでに古代
エジプトで行なわれていたが、この原理を飼料に利用し
たのは今から約１００年前に中成に始まり、フランス、
ドイツ、イギリスに渡り、米国において著しく進歩した
。サイレージは、乳牛、肉牛、めん羊の冬期飼料として
重要なものであり、また一定の時期に多量に生産される
菜類の貯蔵法として、気候条件が乾草調製に必ずしも適
していないわが国において欠くことができないものであ
る。Items that are difficult to dry, such as cowhide, grass clippings, crop by-product stems and leaves, root vegetables, and manufacturing waste, which have a high moisture content after harvesting, are packed in a silo or a suitable container, and lactic acid fermentation is caused in the main container. Feed that has been stored without spoiling is called silage. Preservation of plant foods by lactic acid fermentation had already been practiced in ancient Egypt, but the use of this principle for animal feed began about 100 years ago in France,
It traveled to Germany and England, and made significant progress in the United States. Silage is an important winter feed for dairy cows, beef cattle, and sheep, and it is also a method of storing vegetables that are produced in large quantities at certain times of the year, and is essential in Japan, where climate conditions are not necessarily suitable for making hay. This is something that cannot be done.
刈取り後の牧草等を放置するとすぐに腐敗してしまうの
で、密閉容器につめて乳酸発酵をさせ、生成した乳酸に
よりＩ）Ｈを下げて、有害菌の増殖を抑えれば、飼料の
長期保存が可能になる。If grass, etc. is left unattended after harvesting, it will rot quickly, so if it is packed in an airtight container and allowed to undergo lactic acid fermentation, the resulting lactic acid lowers I)H and suppresses the growth of harmful bacteria, allowing the feed to be preserved for a long time. becomes possible.
サイレージ調製の原理は、このように第１に嫌気的条件
を保って、好気性微生物による損耗を防ぎ、第２に嫌気
的条件において増殖する酪酸菌による養分の損耗、変改
を防止する２点である。The principles of silage preparation are as follows: firstly, anaerobic conditions are maintained to prevent wastage caused by aerobic microorganisms, and secondly, nutrients are prevented from being wasted or altered by butyric acid bacteria that proliferate in anaerobic conditions. It is.
したがって、まず原料の適度な切断により内部空気を減
らし、更に密封を完全にすることが極めて重要である。Therefore, it is extremely important to first reduce the internal air by cutting the raw material appropriately and further to ensure complete sealing.
酪酸菌を抑制するためには、予乾処理を施して水分含量
を７０〜５０％に下げて詰込むのが一つの方法である。One way to suppress butyric acid bacteria is to perform pre-drying treatment to lower the moisture content to 70-50% before packing.
発酵は仝休として微弱になるが、低い水分活性にとくに
抵抗性のない酪酸菌およびその他のカビ、酵母が抑制さ
れ、良質サイレージができる。この方法では、材料中の
可溶性炭水化物（糖）は少なくてもよいが、天候に支配
され、またトウモロコシのような作物には適用できない
。Fermentation becomes weak as it rests, but butyric acid bacteria, other molds, and yeasts that are not particularly resistant to low water activity are suppressed, producing high-quality silage. Although this method requires less soluble carbohydrates (sugars) in the material, it is weather dependent and is not applicable to crops such as corn.
第２に高水分の材料を用いて、乳酸発酵を促進してｌ）
ｌ−１を低下させ、これによって、酪酸菌の増殖を抑
えることもできる。この場合には発酵の基質となる糖が
十分に存在することが必要である、。Second, high moisture materials are used to promote lactic acid fermentation l)
l-1 can be lowered, thereby suppressing the growth of butyric acid bacteria. In this case, it is necessary that there is sufficient sugar to serve as a substrate for fermentation.
このような材料（たとえばトウモロコシ）であれば、添
加物を使用せずに良質のサイレージかできる。糖が少な
い材お１を用いるとぎは、糖蜜その他の糖源を添加する
。Such materials (e.g. corn) can produce good quality silage without the use of additives. When using lumber 1 with less sugar, add molasses or other sugar source.
第３の方法として、高水分の材料において、蟻酸のよう
な酸を用いてｐ ｌ−１を下げて酪酸菌その他のカビ、
酵母を抑えるか、または直接酪酸菌等を抑制する薬剤を
用いることもできる。A third method is to use acids such as formic acid to lower the p l-1 in high-moisture materials to prevent butyric acid bacteria and other molds.
It is also possible to use drugs that suppress yeast or directly suppress butyric acid bacteria and the like.
特公昭５９−１３１７５号公報にはサイレージを製造す
るに当り、サイレージ原石に対して、乳酸菌および枯草
菌を添加し、嫌気的条件下にお６プる乳酸発酵を促進す
ることが記載されている。これは前記第２の方法に相当
する。Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-13175 describes that in producing silage, lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus subtilis are added to silage raw stone to promote lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions. . This corresponds to the second method.
特開昭６０−３４１３４号公報にはフラクトオリゴ糖を
主成分とする糖類を含有することを特徴とする家畜育成
期飼料が開示されている。しかしこれは家畜の下痢、軟
便を改善する目的で、直接給餌するものでサイレージで
はない。Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-34134 discloses a feed for raising livestock that is characterized by containing saccharides whose main component is fructooligosaccharide. However, this is intended to improve diarrhea and loose stools in livestock, and is meant to be fed directly to livestock, not silage.
特開昭５２−１５１７８７号公報にはビフィズス菌とラ
クチュロースとを混合した製剤が開示されているが、こ
れは乳酸菌と異なるのみでなく、これも人体又は家畜に
直接給与するものでサイレージ用ではない。JP-A-52-151787 discloses a preparation containing a mixture of bifidobacteria and lactulose, but this is not only different from lactic acid bacteria, but is also intended for direct feeding to humans or livestock, and is not intended for use as silage. .
前記のように発酵過程を通して良質サイレージを調製す
るためには糖含量の高い良質原料の使用、水分調整、原
料の適度な切断、容器の密封が重要な要件となる。しか
し現実には天候や作業の都合などにより、理想的な条件
でサイレージを調製するのが困難となることが多い。そ
こで安全に良質サイレージを作るために種々の添加剤が
使用されている。前記の第２、第３の方法に対応するも
のであるが、まとめてみると
１）乳酸発酵を促進する添加剤
■乳酸菌・・・もともと原料中に存在するが、初期の乳
酸発酵促進をねらって添加する
ものである。As mentioned above, in order to prepare high-quality silage through the fermentation process, important requirements are the use of high-quality raw materials with high sugar content, moisture adjustment, appropriate cutting of raw materials, and sealing of containers. However, in reality, it is often difficult to prepare silage under ideal conditions due to weather, work circumstances, etc. Therefore, various additives are used to safely produce high-quality silage. These correspond to the second and third methods above, but can be summarized as follows: 1) Additives that promote lactic acid fermentation ■Lactic acid bacteria: Although originally present in raw materials, they are used to promote lactic acid fermentation in the initial stage. It is added to
■糖 類・・・糖蜜、フスマ、ビートバルブ、グルコー
スなどがある。■Sugars: Molasses, bran, beet bulb, glucose, etc.
■酵 素・・・植物体をセルラーゼやペクチナーゼなど
の酵素で分解して、中の糖が乳
酸菌に利用され易くする方法も行わ
れる。■Enzymes: Another method is to decompose the plant body with enzymes such as cellulase or pectinase to make the sugars inside easier to use by lactic acid bacteria.
２）不良発酵を抑制する添加剤
カビや酵母、酪酸菌など有害菌の生育を阻止する添加剤
としてギ酸、プロピオン酸、各種抗生物質などが使用さ
れている。2) Additives that inhibit defective fermentation Formic acid, propionic acid, and various antibiotics are used as additives to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria such as mold, yeast, and butyric acid bacteria.
原料の事情、気候、作業の都合などにより、乳酸発酵の
みによって不良発酵が抑制できないため、ギ酸などの酸
類を使用することになるがギ酸は刺戟臭があり、取扱い
にも注意を要する。また抗生物質などはコスト高にもな
る。そこで一方で乳酸発酵を促進しながら、他方でカビ
や酵母などの有害菌の生育を抑えることができる添加剤
が求められていた。Because poor fermentation cannot be suppressed by lactic acid fermentation alone due to raw material conditions, climate, work conditions, etc., acids such as formic acid are used, but formic acid has a pungent odor and must be handled with care. Antibiotics are also costly. Therefore, there has been a need for an additive that can promote lactic acid fermentation on the one hand, while suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria such as mold and yeast.
本発明の目的は一方で乳酸発酵を促進して、ｐＨの低下
に寄与しつつ、他方でカビや酵母４にどの有害菌の生育
を抑えることができ、なお家畜の嗜好性や飼料価値のよ
り高いサイレージを提供することである。The purpose of the present invention is to promote lactic acid fermentation on the one hand and contribute to lowering the pH, while on the other hand to suppress the growth of harmful bacteria such as mold and yeast, and to improve the palatability of livestock and feed value. The goal is to provide high silage.
本発明者は前記問題点を解決するため鋭意研究を行っに
０この結果、従来よりサイレージに添加されていた乳酸
菌に加えて、オリゴ糖を添加することによって、この目
的を達しうろことをみいだし ｌこ 。The present inventor conducted extensive research to solve the above problems, and as a result, discovered that this objective could be achieved by adding oligosaccharides in addition to the lactic acid bacteria that have traditionally been added to silage. lko.
すなわち本発明はサイレージを製造する際に、サイレー
ジ原料に乳酸菌に加えてオリゴ糖を添加して乳酸発酵を
促進することを特徴とするサイレージの製造方法である
。That is, the present invention is a method for producing silage characterized by adding oligosaccharides in addition to lactic acid bacteria to the silage raw material to promote lactic acid fermentation when producing silage.
本発明に言う乳酸菌は一般に公知の菌が利用できる。具
体的にはラクトバチルス・プランタラム（ＬａＣｔＯｂ
ａＣｉｌｌｔｌＳ ｐｌａｎｔａｒＵｌｌ ） 、ラク
トバチルス・プレビス（Ｌａｃｔｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ
ｂｒｅｖｉｓ） 、ラクトバチルス・カゼイ（Ｌａｃｔ
ｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｃａｓｅｉ ） 、ストレプトコ
ッカス・フェカリス（５ｔｒｅｐｔｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｆａ
ｅｃａｌｉｓ）などがあり、望ましくは乳酸生成量が多
く、ｐＨ低下能が強い菌を使用すれば効果的である。こ
れら乳酸菌を例えばぶどう糖、酵母エキス、ペプトンな
どを主成分とする培地で嫌気的に培養し、その培養液ま
たは粉末菌体を添加する。As the lactic acid bacteria referred to in the present invention, generally known bacteria can be used. Specifically, Lactobacillus plantarum (LaCtOb
aCilltlS plantarUll), Lactobacillus plebis (Lactobacillus plebis)
brevis), Lactobacillus casei (Lact
obacillus casei), Streptococcus faecalis (5treptococcus faecalis)
It is preferable to use bacteria that produce a large amount of lactic acid and have a strong ability to lower pH. These lactic acid bacteria are cultivated anaerobically in a medium containing glucose, yeast extract, peptone, etc. as main components, and the culture solution or powdered bacterial cells are added.
オリゴ糖としてはフラクトオリゴ糖、イヌロオリゴ糖、
ラクチュロース、マルトオリゴ糖などを挙げることがで
き、液状または粉末で添加する。オリゴ糖とは、糖類の
うち、単糖類と多糖類の中間に位し、一定少数の単糖類
分子のグルコシド結合からなり、単糖類に近い物理化学
的性質を示すものをいう。As oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharide, inulooligosaccharide,
Examples include lactulose and maltooligosaccharides, which are added in liquid or powder form. Among saccharides, oligosaccharides are located between monosaccharides and polysaccharides, are composed of glucosidic bonds of a certain number of monosaccharide molecules, and exhibit physicochemical properties similar to those of monosaccharides.
前記の中でイヌロオリゴ糖が特に好ましい、イヌロオリ
ゴ糖は主に重合度３〜５のβ２−１結合からなるオリゴ
糖混合物であり、フラクトースの°みからなる慢のを主
成分としている。一般には、重合度３のもの４５％、重
合度４のもの３５％、重合度５のもの１０％、重合度６
以上のもの５％程度からなる。Among the above, inulooligosaccharide is particularly preferred. Inulooligosaccharide is an oligosaccharide mixture mainly composed of β2-1 bonds with a degree of polymerization of 3 to 5, and has a saccharide composed of fructose as a main component. In general, 45% for polymerization degree 3, 35% for polymerization degree 4, 10% for polymerization degree 5, and 6% for polymerization degree 6.
It consists of about 5% of the above.
前記乳酸菌培養液に直接オリゴ糖を添加して、凍結乾燥
することなく、低温濃縮により濃縮液とする事によりコ
ストを低減し得る。オリゴ糖の存在により、凍結乾燥し
なくても、乳酸菌の生残率がよいのである。Costs can be reduced by directly adding oligosaccharides to the lactic acid bacteria culture solution and making a concentrated solution by low-temperature concentration without freeze-drying. Due to the presence of oligosaccharides, lactic acid bacteria have a good survival rate even without freeze-drying.
つぎにサイレージの調製について説明する。Next, the preparation of silage will be explained.
サイレージ原料として、プントコーン、アルファルファ
−、クローバ−、オーチャード、チモシーなどを、でき
るだけ糖含量の高い時期に収穫する。一般に言われてい
る刈取適期はトウモロコシでは黄熟用、マメ科牧草は開
花期、イネ科牧草は出穂期である。As raw materials for silage, punto corn, alfalfa, clover, orchard, and timothy are harvested at a time when their sugar content is as high as possible. Generally speaking, the appropriate harvesting time is the yellow ripening stage for corn, the flowering stage for legume grasses, and the heading stage for grass grasses.
刈取った材料は、そのまま１〜２日間予乾して、水分含
量を７０％程度にする。ここで天候が悪く１、乾燥が不
十分になると高水分のままで密閉容器に詰め込まねばな
らず、従来の技術の項に記載した第２、第３の方法が必
要となってくるが、このような場合に特に本発明の添加
物を添加したサイレージ製造法が有効である。The harvested material is left to pre-dry for 1 to 2 days to reduce the moisture content to about 70%. If the weather is bad 1 and the drying is insufficient, it will be necessary to pack it into a sealed container with high moisture content, and the second and third methods described in the section of the prior art will become necessary. In such cases, the silage production method in which the additives of the present invention are added is particularly effective.
予乾終了後の材料はロールのまま、あるいは細断して密
閉容器に詰める。この密閉容器の種類はタワー、バンカ
ー、スタック、ロールバッグなど、いずれを用いてもよ
い。After pre-drying, the material is packed in a sealed container either as a roll or cut into pieces. Any type of airtight container may be used, such as a tower, bunker, stack, or roll bag.
タワー型であれば、ブロワ−により材料とともに詰め込
んだり、バンカー、ロールバッグ型であれば、乳酸菌と
オリゴ糖の懸濁液を噴霧することにより均一な添加が可
能となる。If it is a tower type, it can be packed together with the materials using a blower, or if it is a bunker or roll bag type, it can be added uniformly by spraying a suspension of lactic acid bacteria and oligosaccharides.
乳酸菌の添加量は材料の０．２〜１．０重量％（材料１
ｇ当りの生菌数が約１０５個以上）であり、材料の水分
含量を上げないため濃厚懸濁液や粉末菌体を添加するこ
とが望ましい。オリゴ糖は材料の０．５〜５．０重量％
を添加することが好ましい。乳酸菌が材料の０．２重量
％未満であると、乳酸醗酵促進の効果がなく、材料１ｇ
当りの生菌数が１０５未満となる。１．０重量％を越え
ても効果は飽和して経済的でない。オリゴ糖も０．５重
量％未満では乳酸醗酵促進の効果がなく、有害菌抑制効
果も認められない。５．０重量％を越えて添加しても、
効果は飽和して経済的でない。The amount of lactic acid bacteria added is 0.2 to 1.0% by weight of the material (Material 1
The number of viable bacteria per gram is about 105 or more), and it is desirable to add a concentrated suspension or powdered bacteria to avoid increasing the moisture content of the material. Oligosaccharide is 0.5-5.0% by weight of the material
It is preferable to add. If lactic acid bacteria is less than 0.2% by weight of the material, there will be no effect of promoting lactic acid fermentation, and 1 g of the material
The number of viable bacteria per cell is less than 105. Even if it exceeds 1.0% by weight, the effect is saturated and it is not economical. If the oligosaccharide is less than 0.5% by weight, it will not be effective in promoting lactic acid fermentation and will not be effective in suppressing harmful bacteria. Even if it is added in excess of 5.0% by weight,
The effect is saturated and uneconomical.
以上のようにして、乳酸菌と、オリゴ糖とを添加して材
料を詰め、密封を保持すると、詰め込み後１〜３日間で
好気性菌の増殖が終了して、酸素が消費しつくされ嫌気
状態となり、添加した乳酸菌が植物中の糖と添加したオ
リゴ糖を栄養源として急速に増殖を始める。As described above, when lactic acid bacteria and oligosaccharides are added and the material is packed and kept sealed, aerobic bacteria will stop growing within 1 to 3 days after packing, and oxygen will be completely consumed, resulting in an anaerobic state. The added lactic acid bacteria then begin to rapidly proliferate using the sugars in the plants and the added oligosaccharides as nutritional sources.
そしてこの活発な乳酸発酵により１．０〜２．０％の乳
酸が生成し、ｐＨは４前復まで低下する。こうして詰め
込み後１５〜２５日で極めて安定した良質サイレージが
できる。This active lactic acid fermentation produces 1.0 to 2.0% lactic acid, and the pH drops to about 4. This results in a very stable and high quality silage 15-25 days after packing.
調製したサイレージは水分活性が低く、容器を開封した
後でもカビや酵母による二次発酵を抑える効果が大きい
。また家畜の嗜好性が高い。 更に残存しているオリゴ
糖が家畜の腸内でビフィズス菌などの有用菌を増殖させ
、飼料効率の向上、泌乳１の増加などといった効果をも
たらすことができる。The prepared silage has a low water activity and is highly effective in suppressing secondary fermentation caused by mold and yeast even after the container is opened. It is also highly palatable to livestock. Furthermore, the remaining oligosaccharides can cause useful bacteria such as Bifidobacterium to proliferate in the intestines of livestock, resulting in effects such as improved feed efficiency and increased lactation.
特にイヌロオリゴ糖を添加したものは、これがマクロフ
ィージ賦活活性、ビフィズス菌増殖活性、体内脂質低下
作用が強力であるのでサイレージ貯蔵中および開封後、
家畜の腸内においても、有害菌の増殖を抑制する効果が
大きい。In particular, products with added canine oligosaccharide have strong macrophyge activation activity, bifidobacterium growth activity, and lipid lowering effect in the body, so they can be used during silage storage and after opening.
It is also highly effective in suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestines of livestock.
以下に実施例によって、本発明を具体的に説明するが、
本発明はこの実施例によって何等限定されるものではな
い。The present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to Examples.
The present invention is not limited in any way by this example.
以下において、％はすべて重量％である。In the following, all percentages are by weight.
（実施例１）
グルコース１．５％、酵母エキス１％、ペプトン１％、
Ｋ、２ ＨＰＯ４０，２％からなる液体培地４００ｄを
三角フラスコに入れ、１２１℃で１５分間、オートクレ
ーブで加熱した後、ラクトバヂルスφカゼイＡ ＨＵ
１６９７ （Ｌａｃｔｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｃａｓｅｉ
ＡＨＵ１６９７ ）を接種して、３０℃、３日間静置培
養した。(Example 1) Glucose 1.5%, yeast extract 1%, peptone 1%,
K,2 400 d of liquid medium consisting of 40.2% HPO was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, heated in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes, and then Lactobacillus φ casei A HU
1697 (Lactobacillus casei
AHU1697) was inoculated and statically cultured at 30°C for 3 days.
出穂期に刈取ったオーチャード３００ｇを水分７０％に
調整して、５ｇ容量の密閉容器に詰め込み、これに上記
乳酸菌培養液を乾草１ｇ当りの生菌数が１０５個となる
ように添加し、更に表１の組成からなるイヌロオリゴ糖
を２％添加した。300 g of orchard harvested during the heading period was adjusted to 70% moisture and packed into a 5 g sealed container, and the above lactic acid bacteria culture solution was added to this so that the number of viable bacteria per 1 g of hay was 105, and 2% canine oligosaccharide having the composition shown in Table 1 was added.
詰め込み後、１０日ｎ１４０日１にサンプリングしてｐ
Ｈ１乳酸生成量、および乳酸菌生菌数を測定した。比較
として、無添加区と市販の乳酸菌製剤（乳酸菌＋グルコ
ース）を添加したものについても同様に試験した。その
結果は表２に示す通りである。After packing, sample on 10 days n 140 days 1 p
The amount of H1 lactic acid produced and the number of viable lactic acid bacteria were measured. For comparison, the test was conducted in the same manner as in an additive-free group and in a commercially available lactic acid bacteria preparation (lactic acid bacteria + glucose). The results are shown in Table 2.
＝ １２ −
このように本発明の乳酸菌とオリゴ糖とを添加した区で
は、詰め込み後１０日口重４０日１ともに、無添加区、
市販品添加区にくらべて、ｐＨの低下能が大きく、乳酸
生成量、乳酸菌生菌数が増加しており、乳酸発酵が促進
されていることがわかる。= 12 - In the plots to which the lactic acid bacteria and oligosaccharides of the present invention were added, mouth weight 10 days after packing and mouth weight 40 days 1.
Compared to the commercially available product-added area, the pH lowering ability was greater, the amount of lactic acid produced and the number of viable lactic acid bacteria increased, indicating that lactic acid fermentation was promoted.
（実施例２）
開花期のアルファルファ−を用いて、ラクトバチルス・
プレビスＡＨＵ１５０９
（Ｌａｃｔｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｂｒｅｖｉｓ ＡＨＵ
１５０９）およびフラクトオリゴ糖を添加した以外は、
実施例１と同様にサイレージを調製した。(Example 2) Using alfalfa at the flowering stage, Lactobacillus
Previs AHU1509 (Lactobacillus brevis AHU
1509) and fructooligosaccharides were added.
Silage was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1.
無添加区と本発明の乳酸菌とオリゴ糖とを添加した区に
ついて、各区６連で詰め込み後、４０日１と開封して、
室温に放置した。放置後のｐＨ変化およびカビの発生状
況を経口的に検討した結果を表３に示す。なお表３は各
区６連の平均値である。For the additive-free area and the area to which the lactic acid bacteria and oligosaccharides of the present invention were added, each area was packed in 6 batches, and then opened once on the 40th day.
It was left at room temperature. Table 3 shows the results of oral examination of pH changes and mold growth after standing. Table 3 shows the average value of six consecutive results for each ward.
表３ アルファルファ−のサイレージの開封試験結果（
記号） 雪 ：非常に多い
廿 ：多い
＋：少ない
このように当該添加物の添加により、無添加区にくらべ
て、開封後のｐＨ上臂は遅く、カビの発生も少なく、二
次発酵によるサイレージの変改が抑えられている。Table 3 Opening test results of alfalfa silage (
Symbol) Snow: very high 廿: high +: low Due to the addition of the additive, the pH level after opening is slower than in the non-additive area, there is less mold growth, and the silage due to secondary fermentation is Changes are suppressed.
本発明のＷＡ造方法によるときは、乳酸菌にオリゴ糖を
添加してサイレージに添加するので、乳酸菌の生残性が
よく、凍結乾燥によることなく、低温濃縮による濃縮液
を使用できるのでコスト低減をはかることができる。When using the WA production method of the present invention, since oligosaccharides are added to lactic acid bacteria and added to the silage, the survival of lactic acid bacteria is good, and a concentrate obtained by low-temperature concentration can be used without freeze-drying, resulting in cost reduction. It can be measured.
ザイレージには乳酸菌と共にオリゴ糖が存在しているの
°゛で水分活性が低く、高水分の材わ１を用いた場合に
も、酪酸菌、カビ、酵母などの有害菌の増殖を抑えて、
乳酸発酵を効果的に促進させることかできる。容器を開
封した■）、カビや酵母にＪ：る二次発酵が問題になる
が、これもオリゴ糖の存在ににす、これを抑制づる効果
がある。家畜の嗜好性が高いことも大きな効果である。Because Zyrage contains oligosaccharides along with lactic acid bacteria, its water activity is low, and even when using high moisture material, it suppresses the growth of harmful bacteria such as butyric acid bacteria, mold, and yeast.
It can effectively promote lactic acid fermentation. When the container is opened (■), secondary fermentation caused by mold and yeast becomes a problem, but this also has the effect of suppressing this due to the presence of oligosaccharides. The high palatability of livestock is also a major effect.
家畜の腸内で残存したオリゴ糖にＪ：リヒフィズス菌な
どの有用菌を増殖させ、ｆｉｉｉｌ料効をの向」−１泌
乳蚤の増加などの効果を奏する１、特にイヌロオリゴ糖
を添加し！ζものは、更にマクロファージ賦活活性、体
内脂質低下作用が大ぎいので、右害菌の増殖を抑制する
効果が大ぎい。天候にかかわりなく、作業の融通性を高
めるので酪農業にとって実用上人きな発明である。The oligosaccharides remaining in the intestines of livestock are grown with useful bacteria such as Bacterium lihifidobacterium, and the effects of fiiiil are increased. ζ substances also have a large macrophage activation activity and a large lipid-lowering effect in the body, so they are very effective in suppressing the growth of harmful bacteria. This is a practical invention for the dairy industry as it increases the flexibility of operations regardless of the weather.
Claims (1)
菌に加えてオリゴ糖を添加して乳酸発酵を促進すること
を特徴とするサイレージの製造方法。 ２、乳酸菌の添加量がサイレージ原料の０．２〜１．０
重量％（サイレージ１ｇ当りの生菌数が１０＾５個以上
）であり、オリゴ糖の添加量がサイレージ原料の０．５
〜５．０重量％である特許請求の範囲第１項記載のサイ
レージの製造方法。[Scope of Claims] 1. A method for producing silage, which comprises adding oligosaccharides in addition to lactic acid bacteria to silage raw materials to promote lactic acid fermentation. 2. The amount of lactic acid bacteria added is 0.2 to 1.0 of the silage raw material.
weight% (the number of viable bacteria per gram of silage is 10^5 or more), and the amount of oligosaccharide added is 0.5 of the silage raw material.
The method for producing silage according to claim 1, wherein the content is 5.0% by weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62329887A JPH01174343A (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1987-12-28 | Production of silage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62329887A JPH01174343A (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1987-12-28 | Production of silage |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01174343A true JPH01174343A (en) | 1989-07-10 |
Family
ID=18226361
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62329887A Pending JPH01174343A (en) | 1987-12-28 | 1987-12-28 | Production of silage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01174343A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04258259A (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1992-09-14 | Yukijirushi Shiyubiyou Kk | Silage for dry pasture grasses |
-
1987
- 1987-12-28 JP JP62329887A patent/JPH01174343A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04258259A (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1992-09-14 | Yukijirushi Shiyubiyou Kk | Silage for dry pasture grasses |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Kung | Silage fermentation and additives | |
| Henderson | Silage additives | |
| US4292331A (en) | Process and composition for the preservation of vegetables | |
| CA1336749C (en) | Obtaining edible material from fungus-digested medium | |
| WO2002039825A2 (en) | Mixed cultures for improved fermentation and aerobic stability of silage | |
| AU2002239449A1 (en) | Mixed cultures for improved fermentation and aerobic stability of silage | |
| CN101735964A (en) | Microbial inoculum for preparing feed and application thereof | |
| CN104531566A (en) | Silage inoculant and application thereof | |
| CN1224333C (en) | Special-purpose additive for ensiling corn | |
| CN105941872A (en) | Lactobacillus buchneri inoculant as well as preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN101869230B (en) | Microbial additive for alfalfa haylage, preparation method and application thereof | |
| JPH02265443A (en) | Preserving method for fodder and grain | |
| CN109770060A (en) | A method of preparing soybean stalk feed | |
| KR100876521B1 (en) | A probiotics for fermenting mixed rations and a method for fermenting the mixed rations using the probiotics | |
| EP0071858A1 (en) | Silage preservation with propionic acid producing microorganisms | |
| Makoni et al. | Effect of modified atmospheres on proteolysis and fermentation of ensiled alfalfa | |
| US3459554A (en) | Process for ripening silages | |
| JP2002272385A (en) | Tea-residue silage and method for preparing and storing the same | |
| JPH01174343A (en) | Production of silage | |
| US4983406A (en) | Preservation of feed | |
| US3147121A (en) | Preparation of silage with pediococcus cerevisiae | |
| Henderson | Silage making: Biotechnology on the farm | |
| JPS5913175B2 (en) | Silage manufacturing method | |
| CN108813104A (en) | A kind of novel silage corn feed production method | |
| Getabalew et al. | Silage and enzyme additives as animal feed and animals response |