JPH01159596A - Heat exchanger tube for steam generator and its manufacture - Google Patents
Heat exchanger tube for steam generator and its manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01159596A JPH01159596A JP22591188A JP22591188A JPH01159596A JP H01159596 A JPH01159596 A JP H01159596A JP 22591188 A JP22591188 A JP 22591188A JP 22591188 A JP22591188 A JP 22591188A JP H01159596 A JPH01159596 A JP H01159596A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- heat exchanger
- outer tube
- inner tube
- exchanger tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 38
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000669 Chrome steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 9 Cr-I Mo steel Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/003—Multiple wall conduits, e.g. for leak detection
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［発明の目的］
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は蒸気発生器用伝熱管、特に伝熱管破損の早期検
出を目的とした二重背型伝熱管とその製造方法に関する
。本発明による蒸気発生器用伝熱管は、例えば高速増殖
炉プラントに効果的に使用される。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Object of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a heat exchanger tube for a steam generator, particularly a double back type heat exchanger tube for the purpose of early detection of heat exchanger tube breakage, and a method for manufacturing the same. . The heat exchanger tube for a steam generator according to the present invention can be effectively used, for example, in a fast breeder reactor plant.
（従来の技術）
高速増殖炉、例えば二重冷却系を採用したタンク型高速
増殖炉は一般に以下のような構成からなっている。(Prior Art) A fast breeder reactor, for example a tank type fast breeder reactor employing a double cooling system, generally has the following configuration.
原子炉容器内には冷却材（例えば液体金属ナトリウム）
および炉心が収容されており、炉心は複数の燃料集合体
および制御棒等から構成されている。冷却材は炉心を上
方に向って流通されると共に、炉心の核反応熱により昇
温される。昇温した冷却材は、炉心の上方から流出して
原子炉容器内に設置された中間熱交換器内に流入し、該
中間熱交換器中で二次側冷却材との熱交換により冷却さ
れる。その後、冷却材は中間熱交換器の外に流出し、再
度炉心を上方に向って流通される。There is a coolant (e.g. liquid metal sodium) inside the reactor vessel.
The reactor core is composed of multiple fuel assemblies, control rods, etc. The coolant flows upward through the core and is heated by the heat of nuclear reaction in the core. The heated coolant flows out from above the core and flows into an intermediate heat exchanger installed in the reactor vessel, where it is cooled by heat exchange with the secondary coolant. Ru. Thereafter, the coolant flows out of the intermediate heat exchanger and is again circulated upward through the core.
一方、中間熱交換器での熱交換により昇温した二次側冷
却材は、原子炉容器の外側に配置された蒸気発生器内に
導入され、給水系との熱交換により冷却された後に再度
中間熱交換器に移送される。On the other hand, the secondary coolant whose temperature has risen through heat exchange in the intermediate heat exchanger is introduced into the steam generator placed outside the reactor vessel, cooled down through heat exchange with the water supply system, and then re-cooled. transferred to an intermediate heat exchanger.
また、蒸気発生器での熱交換により発生した蒸気は、タ
ービン系に移送されて発電に供される。In addition, steam generated by heat exchange in the steam generator is transferred to a turbine system and used for power generation.
蒸気発生器としては、通常は上下部に管板を備えた縦型
シェル・アンドチューブタイプの熱交換器が使用されて
いる。また、蒸気発生器の伝熱管としては、特に安全性
の向上を図るべく二重管型の伝熱管が採用されている。As a steam generator, a vertical shell-and-tube type heat exchanger with upper and lower tube sheets is usually used. In addition, double-pipe heat exchanger tubes are used as heat exchanger tubes in steam generators in order to particularly improve safety.
これを第１４図〜第１６図を参照して説明すれば次の通
りである。This will be explained as follows with reference to FIGS. 14 to 16.
第１４図は蒸気発生器の全体構成を示す断面図であり、
図中符号１は外胴である。この外胴１内には二重背型伝
熱管２が複数体配設されている。FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing the overall structure of the steam generator,
Reference numeral 1 in the figure is an outer shell. A plurality of double back type heat exchanger tubes 2 are disposed within this outer shell 1.
二重背型伝熱管２は、第１５図および第１６図に示すよ
うに、外管３および該外管の内周側に配設された内管５
から構成され、両者の間には微小間隙４が設けられてい
る。内管５の上端および下端は管板６および７によって
各々支持され、外管４の上端および下端は中間管板８お
よび管板７によって各々支持されている。外胴１の下端
には、水入口プレナム９が形成されている。該水入口ブ
レナム９には水流入口１０が形成されると共に、マンホ
ール１１が設置されている。また、水流入口１０には図
示しない水流入配管が接続される。これに対し、外胴１
の上端には蒸気出口ブレナム１２が形成されている。該
蒸気出口ブレナム１２には蒸気流出口１３が形成される
と共に、マンホール１４が設置されている。また、蒸気
流出口１３には図示しない蒸気流出配管が接続される。As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the double back type heat exchanger tube 2 includes an outer tube 3 and an inner tube 5 disposed on the inner peripheral side of the outer tube.
A minute gap 4 is provided between the two. The upper and lower ends of inner tube 5 are supported by tube sheets 6 and 7, respectively, and the upper and lower ends of outer tube 4 are supported by intermediate tube sheet 8 and tube sheet 7, respectively. A water inlet plenum 9 is formed at the lower end of the outer shell 1 . A water inlet 10 is formed in the water inlet blennium 9, and a manhole 11 is installed therein. Further, a water inflow pipe (not shown) is connected to the water inlet 10. On the other hand, outer shell 1
A steam outlet blemish 12 is formed at the upper end of the steam outlet. A steam outlet 13 is formed in the steam outlet blemish 12, and a manhole 14 is installed. Further, a steam outlet pipe (not shown) is connected to the steam outlet 13.
更に、外胴１には管板８の下方側に冷却材入口ブレナム
１５が形成されている。この冷却材入口ブレナム１５に
は冷却材流入口１６が形成され、該流入口１６には図示
しない冷却材流入配管が接続される。また、管板７の上
方側には冷却材出口ブレナム１７が形成されている。こ
の冷却材出口プレナム１７には冷却材流出口１８が形成
され、該流出口１８には図示しない冷却材流出配管が接
続される。なお、図中符号１９は外胴１に介在挿入され
たベローズであり、符号２０は冷却材の入口窓、符号２
１は出口窓である。Furthermore, a coolant inlet blemish 15 is formed in the outer shell 1 below the tube plate 8. A coolant inlet 16 is formed in the coolant inlet blenum 15, and a coolant inlet pipe (not shown) is connected to the inlet 16. Further, a coolant outlet blemish 17 is formed on the upper side of the tube plate 7. A coolant outlet 18 is formed in the coolant outlet plenum 17, and a coolant outlet pipe (not shown) is connected to the outlet 18. In the figure, reference numeral 19 is a bellows inserted into the outer shell 1, and reference numeral 20 is a coolant inlet window, and reference numeral 2 is a bellows inserted into the outer shell 1.
1 is an exit window.
第１５図中に示すように、外管３の内周面には溝２３が
縦方向に設けられている。この溝２３を形成するために
、外管３は耐圧上の観点から必要とされる肉厚に更に溝
２３の深さ分を加えた肉厚となっている。この溝は２３
は、前述した微小間隙４と共に伝熱管２の破損検出機構
を構成する。As shown in FIG. 15, a groove 23 is provided in the inner peripheral surface of the outer tube 3 in the vertical direction. In order to form this groove 23, the outer tube 3 has a wall thickness that is required from the viewpoint of pressure resistance plus the depth of the groove 23. This groove is 23
constitutes a damage detection mechanism for the heat exchanger tube 2 together with the minute gap 4 described above.
更に、管板６と中間管板８との間には中間ブレナム２４
が形成され、該中間ブレナムも伝熱管２の破損検出機構
を構成する。この中間ブレナム２４にはリーク検出ノズ
ル２５が設置され、該リーク検出ノズル２５には図示し
ないリーク検出部が接続されている。なお、伝熱管２の
破損検出は内管５または外管３の破損によるリークを前
記微小間隙４、溝２３、中間ブレナム２４、リーク検出
ノズル２５およびリーク検出部により検知することによ
って行なう。また、微小間隙４の幅は数μｍから数十μ
ｍとなっている。なお、伝熱管２は断面が同心円状にな
るように配置された内管５および外管３を抽伸加工する
ことにより製作される。Further, between the tube sheet 6 and the intermediate tube sheet 8, there is an intermediate brenum 24.
is formed, and the intermediate blemish also constitutes a breakage detection mechanism for the heat exchanger tube 2. A leak detection nozzle 25 is installed in the intermediate blemish 24, and a leak detection section (not shown) is connected to the leak detection nozzle 25. Note that damage to the heat transfer tube 2 is detected by detecting leakage due to damage to the inner tube 5 or outer tube 3 using the minute gap 4, the groove 23, the intermediate blemish 24, the leak detection nozzle 25, and the leak detection section. In addition, the width of the minute gap 4 is from several μm to several tens of μm.
m. Note that the heat exchanger tube 2 is manufactured by drawing an inner tube 5 and an outer tube 3 that are arranged so that their cross sections are concentric.
上記構成からなる蒸気発生器において、高温の冷却材は
冷却材流入口１６を介して冷却材入口ブレナム１５内に
流入する。流入した冷却材は入口窓２０から伝熱管束部
に入り、伝熱管２の外側を流下して出口窓２１から冷却
材出口ブレナム１７内に流出する。更に、冷却材流出口
１８および冷却材流出配管を介して蒸気発生器の外に流
出する。In the steam generator configured as described above, the high temperature coolant flows into the coolant inlet blenum 15 via the coolant inlet 16. The inflowing coolant enters the heat exchanger tube bundle portion through the inlet window 20, flows down the outside of the heat exchanger tubes 2, and flows out through the outlet window 21 into the coolant outlet brenum 17. Furthermore, it flows out of the steam generator via the coolant outlet 18 and the coolant outlet pipe.
一方、水は水流入配管および水流入口１０を介して水流
入ブレナム９内に流入する。流入した水は伝熱管２の内
管５内を上昇し、その間に伝熱管２の外側を流下する冷
却材と熱交換することにより昇温しで蒸気となる。こう
して発生した蒸気は蒸気出口プレナム１２内に流出し、
更に蒸気流出口１３および蒸気流出配管から図示しない
タービン系に移送されて発電に供される。On the other hand, water flows into the water inlet blennium 9 via the water inlet piping and the water inlet 10. The inflowing water rises in the inner tube 5 of the heat exchanger tube 2, and during that time exchanges heat with the coolant flowing down the outside of the heat exchanger tube 2, increasing its temperature and turning into steam. The steam thus generated flows out into the steam outlet plenum 12;
Further, the steam is transferred from the steam outlet 13 and the steam outlet pipe to a turbine system (not shown) and used for power generation.
上記構成において、伝熱管２の破損検出は以下のように
してなされる。In the above configuration, damage to the heat exchanger tubes 2 is detected as follows.
まず、内管５にクラック等が発生した場合、クラックか
らリークした水／蒸気は微小間隙４を介して拡散し、外
管３側に形成された溝２３を介して上方または下方に流
通する。そして、上方に流通した水／蒸気は管板６およ
び８の間に形成された中間ブレナム２４内に流入し、リ
ーク検出ノズル２５から図示しないリーク検出装置へ流
れる。First, when a crack or the like occurs in the inner tube 5, water/steam leaking from the crack diffuses through the minute gap 4 and flows upward or downward through the groove 23 formed on the outer tube 3 side. The water/steam flowing upward then flows into the intermediate blemish 24 formed between the tube sheets 6 and 8, and flows from the leak detection nozzle 25 to a leak detection device (not shown).
従って、中間ブレナム２４内の圧力変動を検知し、ある
いはリーク検出センサでリークを検知することにより内
管５の破損を検出することができる。Therefore, damage to the inner tube 5 can be detected by detecting pressure fluctuations within the intermediate blemish 24 or by detecting a leak with a leak detection sensor.
次に、外管３にクラック等が発生した場合には、中間ブ
レナム２４内のガスが溝２３および微小間隙４を通して
外管３の破損部から冷却材側にリークする。その結果、
中間ブレナム２４内のガス圧力が低下するから、これを
検知することによって外管３の破損を検出することがで
きる。或いは、冷却材側に設置されたガス検出器により
流出したガスを検知することによっても外管３の破損を
検出できる。Next, when a crack or the like occurs in the outer tube 3, the gas in the intermediate blemish 24 leaks from the damaged portion of the outer tube 3 to the coolant side through the groove 23 and the minute gap 4. the result,
Since the gas pressure within the intermediate blemish 24 decreases, damage to the outer tube 3 can be detected by detecting this. Alternatively, damage to the outer tube 3 can also be detected by detecting the leaked gas with a gas detector installed on the coolant side.
上記何れの破損検出においても、溝２３の存在によって
破損によるリークを検知する際の応答性が著しく向上す
る。In any of the above damage detection methods, the presence of the grooves 23 significantly improves responsiveness when detecting leaks due to damage.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
上記構成からなる従来の二重背型伝熱管には次のような
問題がある。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The conventional double back type heat exchanger tube having the above configuration has the following problems.
即ち、伝熱管の破損検出性能と伝熱管の熱伝達性能との
間に二律背反的関係があり、両者を満足させるのが極め
て困難なことである。即ち、内管５および外管３の何れ
の破損も両者間の微小間隙４を通して発生するリークの
検知によって検出されているから、破損検出性能を向上
するためには微小間隙４をできるだけ広くするのが望ま
しい。That is, there is an antinomic relationship between the damage detection performance of the heat exchanger tube and the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger tube, and it is extremely difficult to satisfy both. That is, since damage to either the inner tube 5 or the outer tube 3 is detected by detecting the leak that occurs through the microgap 4 between them, it is necessary to make the microgap 4 as wide as possible in order to improve the damage detection performance. is desirable.
しかし、微小間隙４を大きくすれば内管５と外管３との
間の熱抵抗が増大し、伝熱管２の熱伝達性が低下してし
まう。この熱伝達性低下を補なうためには伝熱管２の本
数を増加しなければならず、蒸気発生器の大型化を招来
する問題がある。However, if the minute gap 4 is made larger, the thermal resistance between the inner tube 5 and the outer tube 3 will increase, and the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger tube 2 will decrease. In order to compensate for this decrease in heat transfer performance, the number of heat exchanger tubes 2 must be increased, which poses a problem of increasing the size of the steam generator.
また、微小間隙４には内管５または外管３に発生したク
ラックの拡大を防止する機能を有する。Further, the minute gap 4 has a function of preventing cracks generated in the inner tube 5 or the outer tube 3 from expanding.
この機能および上記リーク拡散路としての機能を確保す
ると同時に、熱抵抗の条件をも満足するためには内管５
と外管３とが一体ではなく且つ密着した状態を達成する
必要がある。しかしながら、抽伸加工により二重伝熱管
２を製作する際、そのような最適の微小間隙４を確保す
ることは極めて困難である。In order to ensure this function and the function as the leak diffusion path mentioned above, and at the same time satisfy the thermal resistance condition, the inner pipe 5
It is necessary to achieve a state in which the outer tube 3 and the outer tube 3 are not integral with each other and are in close contact with each other. However, when manufacturing the double heat exchanger tube 2 by drawing, it is extremely difficult to secure such an optimal minute gap 4.
上記事情に鑑み、本発明が達成しようとする技術的課題
は、伝熱管の破損を早期に検出できる二重管構成を具備
すると共に、伝熱性能を向上して蒸気発生器の小型化を
図ることが可能な蒸気発生器用伝熱管を提供することで
ある。また、このような蒸気発生器用伝熱管を比較的容
易に製造できる方法を提供することである。In view of the above circumstances, the technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to provide a double tube configuration that can detect damage to heat transfer tubes at an early stage, improve heat transfer performance, and reduce the size of a steam generator. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchanger tube for a steam generator that can be used in a steam generator. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing such a heat exchanger tube for a steam generator relatively easily.
［発明の構成］
（問題点を解決するための手段）
上記の課題を達成するために、本願第一発明による蒸気
発生器用伝熱管では鉄基合金鋼からなる内管および外管
を断面が同心円になるように配置すると共に、この内管
および外管゛の間に熱伝導性に優れ且つ３％以上の気孔
率を有する多孔質体を介在させることとした。熱伝導性
に優れた多孔質体としては多孔質金属体の外、セラミ・
ツク粒子を金属で被覆した粒子からなる多孔質体を用い
てもよい。第一発明において最も重要な要件は、前記多
孔質体の気孔率を３％以上とすることである。この条件
を満たす伝熱管を得るためには、前記多孔質体を構成す
る粒子として、硬質材を高熱伝導材で被覆した二層構造
を有する複合粒子もしくは複合繊維、またはその焼結体
からなる多孔質体を用いるのが望ましい。また、高熱伝
導性の多孔質金属中に硬質の隙間保持部材が分布された
多孔質体を用いるのが望ましい。[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, in the heat exchanger tube for a steam generator according to the first invention of the present application, the inner tube and the outer tube made of iron-based alloy steel have concentric cross sections. In addition, a porous body having excellent thermal conductivity and a porosity of 3% or more was interposed between the inner tube and the outer tube. Porous bodies with excellent thermal conductivity include porous metal bodies, ceramics,
A porous body made of particles coated with metal may also be used. The most important requirement in the first invention is that the porous body has a porosity of 3% or more. In order to obtain a heat exchanger tube that satisfies this condition, the particles constituting the porous body must be composite particles or composite fibers having a two-layer structure in which a hard material is coated with a highly thermally conductive material, or a porous body made of a sintered body thereof. It is preferable to use a material. Further, it is desirable to use a porous body in which a hard gap retaining member is distributed in a highly thermally conductive porous metal.
第二発明においても、鉄基合金鋼からなる内管および外
管を断面が同心円になるように配置すると共に、この内
管および外管の間に多孔質金属体を介在させる。且つ、
この多孔質金属体には伝熱管の軸方向に連続した溝を設
ける。従って、多孔質金属体のドーナツ状の断面は一部
が欠損した状態となる。このように溝を設けることによ
って、第一発明のように多孔質体の気孔率を３％以上と
する必要はない。この場合の多孔質金属体は、例えば金
属繊維織布で構成することができ、前記の溝は金属系を
粗に織り成して形成することができる。In the second invention as well, an inner tube and an outer tube made of iron-based alloy steel are arranged so that their cross sections are concentric circles, and a porous metal body is interposed between the inner tube and the outer tube. and,
This porous metal body is provided with continuous grooves in the axial direction of the heat transfer tube. Therefore, the donut-shaped cross section of the porous metal body is partially missing. By providing the grooves in this way, it is not necessary to make the porosity of the porous body 3% or more as in the first invention. The porous metal body in this case can be made of, for example, a metal fiber woven fabric, and the grooves can be formed by roughly weaving a metal material.
第三発明においては、第一発明または第二発明の伝熱管
を構成する内管の外周面および外管の内周面に、更に金
属被覆層を形成することとした。In the third invention, a metal coating layer is further formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube and the inner peripheral surface of the outer tube that constitute the heat exchanger tube of the first or second invention.
この金属被覆層によって、前記多孔質体は前記内管およ
び外管に良好に接合される。This metal coating layer allows the porous body to be well joined to the inner tube and outer tube.
第四発明は、第一発明になる伝熱管を製造する方法であ
る。第一発明において最も重要な要件は、既述したよう
に、前記多孔質体の気孔率を３％以上とすることである
。この条件を満たす伝熱管を得るために、第四発明では
次の手段を採用する。The fourth invention is a method of manufacturing the heat exchanger tube according to the first invention. As mentioned above, the most important requirement in the first invention is that the porous body has a porosity of 3% or more. In order to obtain a heat exchanger tube that satisfies this condition, the fourth invention employs the following means.
即ち、まず鉄基合金鋼からなる内管および外管を断面が
同心円になるように配置し、両管の間に熱伝゛導性に優
れた円筒状の多孔質体を挿入した後、抽伸加工すること
により所望の径をもった伝熱管とする。その際、挿入さ
れる前記多孔質体の気孔率を３０％以上とし、抽伸加工
の圧下率を７０％以下とする。That is, first, an inner tube and an outer tube made of iron-based alloy steel are arranged so that their cross sections are concentric circles, a cylindrical porous body with excellent heat conductivity is inserted between the two tubes, and then drawn. By processing, it is made into a heat exchanger tube with a desired diameter. At that time, the porosity of the inserted porous body is set to 30% or more, and the rolling reduction ratio of the drawing process is set to 70% or less.
第３発明は、第−又は第二発明の伝熱管を製造する方法
である。この方法においても、第四発明と同様の抽伸法
が採用される。その際、内管の外周面および外管の内周
面に、予め金属被覆層を形成して用いる。この金属被覆
層は電気メツキ、無電解メツキ、溶射等の何れの方法を
用いて形成してもよい。金属被覆層の厚さは２〜５０μ
ｍが好ましく、特に好ましくは５〜２０μｍである。な
お、内管および外管のみならず、多孔質体表面にも金属
被覆層を形成するのが望ましい。加えて、第３発明にお
いては、抽伸加工の終了後に真空中または不活性ガス中
で熱処理を行なう。その温度は、金属被覆層の種類に応
じて適宜変化させる。The third invention is a method for manufacturing the heat exchanger tube of the first or second invention. This method also employs the same drawing method as in the fourth invention. At that time, a metal coating layer is formed in advance on the outer circumferential surface of the inner tube and the inner circumferential surface of the outer tube. This metal coating layer may be formed using any method such as electroplating, electroless plating, or thermal spraying. The thickness of the metal coating layer is 2~50μ
m is preferable, particularly preferably 5 to 20 μm. Note that it is desirable to form a metal coating layer not only on the inner tube and the outer tube but also on the surface of the porous body. In addition, in the third invention, heat treatment is performed in vacuum or in an inert gas after the drawing process is completed. The temperature is changed as appropriate depending on the type of metal coating layer.
（作用）
第一発明による蒸気発生器用伝熱管においては、多孔質
体の内部に存在する気孔が従来の二重置型伝熱管におけ
る微小間隙および溝の機能を果す。従って、内管または
外管のクラックにより生じたリークは多孔質体内の気孔
を通して拡散し、且つ管軸方向に迅速に伝達されるから
、既述した機構により破損を早期に検出できる。しかも
、本願発明では内管と外管とが熱伝導性に優れた多孔質
体を介して接続されているから、内管および外管が微小
間隙を介して隔てられている従来の伝熱管と異なり、伝
熱管の熱伝導性も良好である。即ち、第一発明によれば
、従来技術では二律背反的関係にあった破損検出性能と
熱伝達性能とを何れも満足することができる。(Function) In the heat exchanger tube for a steam generator according to the first invention, the pores existing inside the porous body function as the micro gaps and grooves in the conventional double-layered heat exchanger tube. Therefore, leaks caused by cracks in the inner tube or outer tube diffuse through the pores in the porous body and are quickly transmitted in the tube axis direction, so that damage can be detected early by the mechanism described above. Moreover, in the present invention, since the inner tube and the outer tube are connected through a porous body with excellent thermal conductivity, it is different from the conventional heat transfer tube in which the inner tube and the outer tube are separated by a minute gap. In contrast, the heat conductivity of the heat exchanger tube is also good. That is, according to the first invention, it is possible to satisfy both the damage detection performance and the heat transfer performance, which were in an antinomic relationship in the prior art.
上記の作用を得るためには多孔質体の通気性、即ち気孔
率が重要な因子となる。第一発明において気孔率を３％
以上に限定した理由は、３％未満の気孔率では通気性が
不十分でリークの検出が困難になるからである。より望
ましい気孔率は１０〜４０％である。この所定の気孔率
を得る上においては、本発明の二重置型伝熱管が既述し
たような抽伸加工で製造されることを考慮しなければな
らない。何故なら、抽伸加工時の圧下作用によって多孔
質体の気孔が潰れ、気孔率が低下してしまうからである
。このような条件下でも３９６以上の気孔率を確保する
ために、既述の手段がとられる。In order to obtain the above effect, the air permeability, that is, the porosity, of the porous body is an important factor. In the first invention, the porosity is 3%
The reason for the above limitation is that if the porosity is less than 3%, air permeability is insufficient and it becomes difficult to detect leaks. A more desirable porosity is 10 to 40%. In order to obtain this predetermined porosity, it must be taken into consideration that the double-layered heat exchanger tube of the present invention is manufactured by the drawing process as described above. This is because the pores of the porous body are crushed by the rolling action during the drawing process, resulting in a decrease in porosity. In order to ensure a porosity of 396 or more even under such conditions, the above-mentioned measures are taken.
第一の手段は、第四発明で規定したように、抽仲加工前
の多孔質体の気孔率を３０９６以上とし、且つ圧下率を
７０％以下とすることである。これにより抽伸加工時の
圧下による気孔の潰れを補償し、加工後における３％以
上の気孔率を確保する。このためのより望ましい条件は
、加工前の気孔率が３５〜６０％、圧下率力筒０〜６０
％の範囲である。また、多孔質体を構成する原料粉末の
平均粒径が２５０μｍを越えると円筒状の多孔質体に加
工するのが困難になるため、原料粉末の平均粒径は２０
〜１５０μｍが望ましい。The first means is to set the porosity of the porous body before drawing to 3096 or more and the rolling reduction to 70% or less, as specified in the fourth invention. This compensates for the collapse of the pores due to the reduction during the drawing process, and ensures a porosity of 3% or more after the process. More desirable conditions for this are that the porosity before processing is 35-60% and the rolling reduction is 0-60%.
% range. Furthermore, if the average particle size of the raw material powder constituting the porous body exceeds 250 μm, it becomes difficult to process it into a cylindrical porous body, so the average particle size of the raw material powder is 20 μm.
~150 μm is desirable.
多孔質体に３％以上の気孔率を確保するための第二の手
段は、多孔質体を構成する粒子の強度を高くして抽伸加
工時の圧下による変形を小さくし、気孔の潰れを抑制す
ることである。しかし、例えばセラミック焼結体、ニッ
ケル、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼等の強度の高い材
料は一般に熱伝導率が低いため、これらを単独で用いる
と伝熱管の熱伝達性能が低下してしまう。従って、第一
発明で既述したように、このような高強度の硬質材から
なる内層を高熱伝導性の外層で被覆し、かかる二層構造
の複合粒子等で多孔質体を構成するのが望ましい。これ
により、高熱伝導性を維持しつつ充分な気孔率を確保す
ることができる。なお、高熱伝導性の外層としては、銅
もしくは銅合金、アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合
金、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、モリブデン、ニッケル
、または鉄等を用いることができる。The second way to ensure a porosity of 3% or more in a porous body is to increase the strength of the particles that make up the porous body, to reduce deformation due to rolling during drawing processing, and to suppress the collapse of pores. It is to be. However, since high-strength materials such as ceramic sintered bodies, nickel, and austenitic stainless steel generally have low thermal conductivity, if these are used alone, the heat transfer performance of the heat transfer tube will deteriorate. Therefore, as already mentioned in the first invention, it is preferable to cover the inner layer made of such a high-strength hard material with a highly thermally conductive outer layer and construct a porous body with such two-layered composite particles. desirable. Thereby, sufficient porosity can be ensured while maintaining high thermal conductivity. Note that as the highly thermally conductive outer layer, copper or a copper alloy, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, beryllium, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, iron, or the like can be used.
３％以上の気孔率を確保するための第三の手段は、第一
発明で既述したように、多孔質体中に硬質の隙間保持部
材を分布させることである。多孔質体を構成する多孔質
粒子が抽伸時の圧下を受けて変形しても、その中に分布
されている硬質の隙間保持部材はさほど変形しない。こ
のため多孔質金属と隙間部材との間には、多孔質体中の
気孔が圧下により潰れても空隙が残留し、或いは両者の
変形の相違に起因した新たな気孔が形成される。The third means for ensuring a porosity of 3% or more is to distribute hard gap retaining members in the porous body, as already described in the first invention. Even if the porous particles constituting the porous body are deformed by pressure during drawing, the hard gap retaining members distributed therein do not deform much. Therefore, even if the pores in the porous body are collapsed by pressure reduction, voids remain between the porous metal and the gap member, or new pores are formed due to the difference in deformation between the two.
このような作用により目的とする充分な気孔率を確保す
るためには、多孔質体を形成する際の多孔質金属粉末：
隙間保持部材の比率を９二１〜１：９の範囲とするのが
望ましく、特に好ましい比率は３ニアである。In order to ensure the desired sufficient porosity due to such effects, porous metal powder when forming a porous body:
It is desirable that the ratio of the gap retaining members be in the range of 9:21 to 1:9, and a particularly preferred ratio is 3:9.
第二発明になる蒸気発生器用伝熱管においても、第一発
明の場合と同様、従来技術では二律背反的関係にあった
破損検出性能と熱伝達性能とを何れも満足すること′が
できる。特に、第二発明では多孔質体に溝が形成されて
いるから、内管または外管のクラックにより生じたリー
クは多孔質金属体内の気孔を通して拡散し、且つ溝を通
して管軸方向に迅速に伝達される。なお、第一発明と異
なり、第二発明では気孔率の限定がない。これは、上記
のように溝を通してのリーク伝達が寄与するため、気孔
率が３％未満であっても所期のリーク検出が可能だから
である。第二発明による伝熱管は、例えば次のようにし
て容易に製作できる。まず内管の外周面に金属繊維によ
る薄板状の織布を巻付ける。その際、内管の管縦方向に
スリットが形成されるように織布を配置する。次いで、
巻付けた金属繊維の織布を・周囲から金属細線で螺旋状
に縛り付け、これを外管内に挿入した後、全体を抽伸（
所謂共引き）して所望の直径をもった伝熱管とする。こ
の抽伸により、前記スリット部には前記金属細線が粗に
織りなされた状態の溝が形成される。In the heat exchanger tube for a steam generator according to the second invention, as in the case of the first invention, it is possible to satisfy both the damage detection performance and the heat transfer performance, which were in an antinomic relationship in the prior art. In particular, in the second invention, since grooves are formed in the porous body, leaks caused by cracks in the inner tube or outer tube diffuse through the pores in the porous metal body, and are quickly transmitted in the tube axis direction through the grooves. be done. Note that, unlike the first invention, the second invention has no limitation on the porosity. This is because leak transmission through the grooves contributes as described above, so even if the porosity is less than 3%, the desired leak detection is possible. The heat exchanger tube according to the second invention can be easily manufactured, for example, as follows. First, a thin plate-like woven cloth made of metal fibers is wrapped around the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube. At that time, the woven fabric is arranged so that a slit is formed in the longitudinal direction of the inner tube. Then,
The wrapped metal fiber woven fabric is tied in a spiral from the periphery with thin metal wire, and after inserting this into the outer tube, the whole is drawn (
(so-called co-pulling) to obtain a heat exchanger tube with a desired diameter. By this drawing, a groove in which the thin metal wire is roughly woven is formed in the slit portion.
第三発明においても、基本的には第一発明で述べたと同
様の作用により、従来技術では二律背反的関係にあった
破損検出性能と熱伝達性能とを何れも満足することがで
きる。しかも、第三発明における多孔質体は、金属被覆
層を介して内管および外管に完全に金属接合されている
から、より一層優れた熱伝導性が得られる。Also in the third invention, basically the same effect as described in the first invention makes it possible to satisfy both the damage detection performance and the heat transfer performance, which were in an antinomic relationship in the prior art. Moreover, since the porous body in the third invention is completely metal-bonded to the inner tube and the outer tube via the metal coating layer, even better thermal conductivity can be obtained.
第四発明においては、抽伸加工の後の熱処理により金属
被覆層が内管及び外管に拡散接合され、これによって多
孔質体は内管および外管に完全に金属接合される。In the fourth invention, the metal coating layer is diffusion-bonded to the inner tube and the outer tube by heat treatment after the drawing process, whereby the porous body is completely metal-bonded to the inner tube and the outer tube.
（実施例） 以下、図面を参照して本発明の詳細な説明する。(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
まず、本発明による伝熱管が使用される蒸気発生器の全
体構成について再度説明する。第１図はその蒸気発生器
を示す断面図である。同図において、１０１は外胴であ
る。外胴１０１の内部には本発明による二重背型伝熱管
１０２が複数本配設されている。この二重背型伝熱管１
０２の詳細は各実施例に基づいて後述するが、一般的に
概説すれば、第２図および第３図に示ように内管１０３
および外管１０４からなり、両管の間には熱伝導性に優
れた多孔質体１１１が介在されている。内管１０３およ
び外管１０４は、例えばオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼
または高クロム鋼で構成されている。内管１０３の上端
部および下端部は、管板１０５．１０６で各々支持され
ている。また外管１０４の上端および下端は、中間管板
１０７゜１０８で各々支持されている。図中、符号ａ、
ｂ。First, the overall configuration of a steam generator in which the heat exchanger tube according to the present invention is used will be explained again. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the steam generator. In the figure, 101 is an outer shell. Inside the outer shell 101, a plurality of double back type heat exchanger tubes 102 according to the present invention are arranged. This double back type heat exchanger tube 1
02 will be described later based on each embodiment, but generally speaking, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the inner tube 103
and an outer tube 104, with a porous body 111 having excellent thermal conductivity interposed between the two tubes. Inner tube 103 and outer tube 104 are made of, for example, austenitic stainless steel or high chromium steel. The upper and lower ends of the inner tube 103 are supported by tube sheets 105 and 106, respectively. The upper and lower ends of the outer tube 104 are supported by intermediate tube plates 107 and 108, respectively. In the figure, symbols a,
b.
ｃ、ｄは溶接部である。c and d are welded parts.
その他の構成は略第１４図の従来例と同様で、蒸気発生
器の全体の動作、並びに伝熱管破損の検出機構も略同様
である。即ち、内管１０３にクラックが発生した場合、
クラック部分からリークした水／蒸気は多孔質金属体１
１１の気孔および溝１１０を通って上部中間ブレナム１
２３または下部中間ブレナム１２４内に流入する。更に
、リーク検出ノズル１２５または１２６からリーク検出
部に流れ、リークセンサ等により検知される。The other configurations are substantially the same as the conventional example shown in FIG. 14, and the overall operation of the steam generator and the mechanism for detecting damage to the heat exchanger tubes are also substantially the same. That is, if a crack occurs in the inner tube 103,
Water/steam leaking from the cracked part is transferred to the porous metal body 1.
11 through the pores and grooves 110 to the upper middle brenum 1
23 or into the lower intermediate brenum 124. Furthermore, it flows from the leak detection nozzle 125 or 126 to the leak detection section and is detected by a leak sensor or the like.
また、外管１０４が破損した場合には、中間ブレナム１
２３または１２４内の高圧ガスが溝１１０および多孔質
金属体１１１内の気孔を通っテ圧送され、外管１０４の
クラック発生部位から冷却材側に流出する。従って、中
間ブレナム１２３または１２４内の圧力低下を検知し、
或いは冷却材側にリークしたガスを検知することにより
、高圧ガスのリーク（外管１０４の破損）を検出するこ
とができる。In addition, if the outer tube 104 is damaged, the intermediate brenum 1
The high-pressure gas in 23 or 124 is forced through the grooves 110 and the pores in the porous metal body 111, and flows out from the crack occurrence site of the outer tube 104 to the coolant side. Therefore, detecting a pressure drop within the intermediate blennium 123 or 124;
Alternatively, a leak of high-pressure gas (damage to the outer tube 104) can be detected by detecting gas leaking to the coolant side.
次に、本願各発明による伝熱管およびその製造方法の実
施例について説明する。Next, examples of heat exchanger tubes and methods of manufacturing the same according to the inventions of the present application will be described.
第一発明の伝熱管
第２図および第３図は伝熱管１０２の第一のタイプの実
施例を示している。この実施例では、内管１０３と外管
１０４との間に銅の焼結体からなる多孔質金属体１１１
が充填されている。この実施例になる伝熱管１０２は、
次のようにして製作した。Heat Transfer Tube of First Invention FIGS. 2 and 3 show an embodiment of a first type of heat transfer tube 102. FIG. In this embodiment, a porous metal body 111 made of a sintered copper body is provided between the inner tube 103 and the outer tube 104.
is filled. The heat exchanger tube 102 according to this embodiment is
It was produced as follows.
まず純度９９．９％以上の銅粉末を黒鉛ボートに自然充
填した後、真空中において１０００〜１０４０℃で３時
間の焼結を行ない、目標の気孔率をもった銅の焼結板と
した。この焼結板を円筒状に加工することにより銅の焼
結金属管１１１を得た。次いで、この焼結金属管１１１
を内管１０３と外管１０４との間に挿入した後、この状
態で全体を抽伸加工し、更に熱処理を施すことにより上
記実施例の伝熱管１０２を製作した（実施例１および実
施例２）。各実施例における製造条件を第１表に示す。First, a graphite boat was naturally filled with copper powder having a purity of 99.9% or more, and then sintered in a vacuum at 1000 to 1040°C for 3 hours to obtain a sintered copper plate having a target porosity. A sintered copper metal tube 111 was obtained by processing this sintered plate into a cylindrical shape. Next, this sintered metal tube 111
was inserted between the inner tube 103 and the outer tube 104, the whole was drawn in this state, and further heat treated to produce the heat transfer tube 102 of the above example (Example 1 and Example 2) . The manufacturing conditions for each example are shown in Table 1.
なお比較例１として、第１５図および第１６図に示した
従来の伝熱管（微小間隙４のギャップ幅５μｍ）を作製
した。As Comparative Example 1, a conventional heat exchanger tube (the gap width of the minute gap 4 is 5 μm) shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 was manufactured.
上記各々の伝熱管について、次の方法でリーク検出特性
および熱伝導性を調べた。リーク検出特性は、伝熱管の
上端多孔質金属層部に圧力１００ｋｇ／ｃＩｊのヘリウ
ムガスを流し、下端多孔質金属体から漏洩したガス流量
を測定することにより評価した。熱伝達性は、伝熱管の
内面をヒータで加熱し且つ外面を冷却材で冷却した状態
で伝熱管の長手方向および周方向の数箇所で温度を測定
し、内外面の温度差から算定した熱伝導率で評価した。The leak detection characteristics and thermal conductivity of each of the above heat exchanger tubes were investigated using the following method. The leak detection characteristics were evaluated by flowing helium gas at a pressure of 100 kg/cIj into the porous metal layer at the upper end of the heat exchanger tube and measuring the flow rate of gas leaking from the porous metal layer at the lower end. Heat transfer property is calculated by measuring the temperature at several points in the longitudinal direction and circumferential direction of the heat transfer tube with the inner surface of the heat transfer tube heated by a heater and the outer surface cooled by a coolant, and calculated from the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces. Evaluated by conductivity.
その結果を第２表に示す。The results are shown in Table 2.
第 ２ 表
上記の結果から明らかなように、実施例１゜２の伝熱管
と比較例１の伝熱管とを比較した場合、リーク検出特性
および熱伝導性の何れにおいても実施例の方が優れてい
る。実施例では内管および外管の間に熱伝導率の良好な
多孔賃金一体が介在しているから熱抵抗が小さくなり、
微小間隙が介在している第１５図および第１６図の従来
例よりも熱伝達性が優れているのは当然と言える。また
リーク検出特性においても優れているのは、従来例の場
合はリーク拡散路となる微小間隙４を確保するのが製造
技術上困難であるのに対し、実施例の場合には多孔質金
属体１１１によってリーク拡散路が確保されるためであ
る。Table 2 As is clear from the above results, when comparing the heat exchanger tube of Example 1.2 and the heat exchanger tube of Comparative Example 1, the example is superior in both leak detection characteristics and thermal conductivity. ing. In the example, a porous layer with good thermal conductivity is interposed between the inner tube and the outer tube, so the thermal resistance is reduced.
It can be said that the heat transfer property is naturally superior to the conventional example shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 in which a minute gap exists. In addition, the leak detection characteristics are also excellent because, in the case of the conventional example, it is difficult to secure a minute gap 4 that serves as a leak diffusion path, whereas in the case of the example, it is difficult to secure a minute gap 4 that becomes a leak diffusion path, whereas in the case of the example, the porous metal body This is because the leak diffusion path is ensured by 111.
なお、上記実施例１，２では多孔質焼結金属体として銅
を用いているが、銅合金、ニッケルもしくはニッケル合
金、オーステナイト系もしくはマルテンサイト系のステ
ンレス鋼等、多孔質となるものであればどのような金属
を用いてもよい。In addition, in Examples 1 and 2 above, copper is used as the porous sintered metal body, but any porous material such as copper alloy, nickel or nickel alloy, austenitic or martensitic stainless steel, etc. Any metal may be used.
次に、第一発明による伝熱管１０２の第二のタイプの実
施例について説明する。第４図はこのタイプの実施例に
なる伝熱管１０２の多孔質体１１１を°拡大して示す組
織断面図である。同図において、１１１ａは隙間保持材
として機能する硬質の粉末粒である。該粉末粒は高熱伝
導性の外層１１１ｂで被覆されている。この二層構造か
らなる複合粒子間には気孔１１１Ｃが形成されている。Next, a second type of embodiment of the heat exchanger tube 102 according to the first invention will be described. FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the structure of the porous body 111 of the heat exchanger tube 102 according to this type of embodiment. In the figure, 111a is a hard powder grain that functions as a gap retaining material. The powder grains are coated with a highly thermally conductive outer layer 111b. Pores 111C are formed between the composite particles having this two-layer structure.
多孔質体１１１がかかる構造を有する点を除き、この実
施例になる伝熱管は第２図および第３図に示したと同様
の構造を有している。このタイプの実施例になる伝熱管
１０２は、次のようにして製造されたものである。The heat exchanger tube of this embodiment has the same structure as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, except that the porous body 111 has such a structure. The heat exchanger tube 102 of this type of embodiment was manufactured as follows.
まず、ｓｕｓ ３０４からなる粒径２５０μｍ以下の粉
末に、銅を厚さ２０μｍだけメツキした。こうして得ら
れたｓｕｓ ３０４の内層および銅の外層からなる複合
粒子を黒鉛ボートに自然充填した後、真空中において１
０００〜１０４０℃で３時間の焼結を行なって焼結板と
した。この焼結板を円筒状に加工することにより多孔質
金属管１１１とし、これを内管１０３と外管１０４との
間に挿入した。次いで全体を抽伸加工し、更に熱処理を
施すことにより上記の伝熱管１０２を製作した（実施例
３）。First, copper was plated to a thickness of 20 μm onto a powder made of SUS 304 and having a particle size of 250 μm or less. The thus obtained composite particles consisting of an inner layer of SUS 304 and an outer layer of copper were naturally filled into a graphite boat, and then placed in a vacuum for 1 hour.
Sintering was performed at 000 to 1040°C for 3 hours to obtain a sintered plate. This sintered plate was processed into a cylindrical shape to form a porous metal tube 111, which was inserted between the inner tube 103 and the outer tube 104. Next, the above heat exchanger tube 102 was manufactured by drawing the entire tube and further applying heat treatment (Example 3).
また、比較のために粒径２９０μｍ以下の銅の粉末を上
記実施例３の場合と同様の条件で焼結し、同様の方法で
伝熱管を作製した（比較例２）。更に、粒径２９０μｍ
以下のｓｕｓ ３０４の粉°末を用い、比較例２と同様
にして伝熱管を製作した（比較例３）。Further, for comparison, copper powder having a particle size of 290 μm or less was sintered under the same conditions as in Example 3, and a heat exchanger tube was produced in the same manner (Comparative Example 2). Furthermore, the particle size is 290 μm
A heat exchanger tube was manufactured in the same manner as Comparative Example 2 using the following SUS 304 powder (Comparative Example 3).
上記各々の伝熱管について、実施例１，２の場合と同様
の方法でリーラ伝達特性および熱伝導性を調べた。その
結果を第３表に示す。The reeler transfer characteristics and thermal conductivity of each of the above heat exchanger tubes were examined in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2. The results are shown in Table 3.
上記の結果から明らかなように、実施例３の伝熱管は比
較例２，３による伝熱管の各々の長所をバランス良く併
有し、リーク検出特性および熱伝導性の何れにおいても
優れている。この結果は、実施例３における多孔質金属
体を構成する複合粒子が、そ内層のｓｕｓ ３０４によ
って抽伸時の圧下に耐え得る強度を有すると共に、外層
の銅によって良好な熱伝導性を付与されているからであ
る。As is clear from the above results, the heat exchanger tube of Example 3 combines the advantages of the heat exchanger tubes of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 in a well-balanced manner, and is excellent in both leak detection characteristics and thermal conductivity. This result shows that the composite particles constituting the porous metal body in Example 3 have strength that can withstand the pressure during drawing due to the SUS 304 inner layer, and good thermal conductivity due to the copper outer layer. Because there is.
なお、実施例３では多孔質金属体を溝底する複合粒子の
内層をｓｕｓ ３０４ 、外層を銅としたが、これに限
定されるものではない。即ち、内層の材料は抽伸時の圧
力に耐え得る強度を有するもめならば何でも良く、例え
ば鉄、鉄基合金、銅合金、アルミニウム合金、ニッケル
合金、更には金属に限らずＡｇＮやＳｉＣ等のセラミッ
クスを用いてもよい。また外層の材料も銅の外、銅合金
、アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金、ベリリウム
、マグネシウム、モリブデン、ニッケル、または鉄等を
用いることができる。外層を被覆する方法も特に限定さ
れるものでなく、電気メツキ、無電解メツキ、蒸着、溶
射、ＣＶＤ等のどのような方法でも用いることができる
。加えて、上記の二層構造からなるものであれば粒子状
のものに限らず、短繊維状または長繊維状等のもので多
孔質金属体を形成してもよい。多孔質金属の円筒管への
加工法も、焼結板からの加工に限らず、例えばプレス成
形や織布による方法を用いてもよい。In Example 3, the inner layer of the composite particles forming the groove bottom of the porous metal body was made of SUS 304, and the outer layer was made of copper, but the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, the material for the inner layer may be any material that has the strength to withstand the pressure during drawing, such as iron, iron-based alloys, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, nickel alloys, and not only metals but also ceramics such as AgN and SiC. may also be used. In addition to copper, the material of the outer layer may also be copper alloy, aluminum or aluminum alloy, beryllium, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, iron, or the like. The method of coating the outer layer is not particularly limited either, and any method such as electroplating, electroless plating, vapor deposition, thermal spraying, CVD, etc. can be used. In addition, the porous metal body is not limited to a particulate material as long as it has the above-mentioned two-layer structure, and may be formed of short fibers, long fibers, or the like. The method for processing porous metal into a cylindrical tube is not limited to processing from a sintered plate, and for example, press molding or a method using woven cloth may be used.
次に、第一発明による伝熱管の第三のタイプの実施例に
ついて説明する。第５図はこのタイプの実施例になる伝
熱管１０２一部切欠いて示す斜視図である。同図に示す
ように、内管１０３と外管１０４の間に多孔質体１１１
が配置されている。Next, an embodiment of the third type of heat exchanger tube according to the first invention will be described. FIG. 5 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a heat exchanger tube 102 according to an embodiment of this type. As shown in the figure, a porous body 111 is provided between the inner tube 103 and the outer tube 104.
is located.
該多孔質体は網状に編んだ隙間保持部材１１１ａと、多
孔質金属部１１１ｂとからなっている。上記タイプの実
施例になる伝熱管１０２を、次のようにして製造した。The porous body consists of a gap retaining member 111a knitted in a net shape and a porous metal portion 111b. A heat exchanger tube 102 of the above type was manufactured in the following manner.
まず、線径ｏ、ｒｍｍのオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼
線からなる１２メツシユの網目の中に純度９９．９％以
上の銅粉末を自然充填した後、真空中において１０００
〜１０４０℃で３時間の焼結を行なって焼結板とした。First, copper powder with a purity of 99.9% or more was naturally filled into a mesh of 12 meshes made of austenitic stainless steel wire with a wire diameter of o, rmm, and then heated to 1000% in a vacuum.
Sintering was performed at ~1040°C for 3 hours to obtain a sintered plate.
この焼結板を円筒状に加工することにより多孔質金属管
１１１とし、これを内管１０３と外管１０４との間に挿
入した。次いで全体を抽伸加工し、更に熱処理を施すこ
とにより第５図の伝熱管１０２を製作した（実施例４）
。This sintered plate was processed into a cylindrical shape to form a porous metal tube 111, which was inserted between the inner tube 103 and the outer tube 104. Next, the whole was drawn and further heat treated to produce the heat exchanger tube 102 shown in FIG. 5 (Example 4)
.
また、比較のために粒径２９０μｍ以下の鋼の粉末を上
記実施例３の場合と同様の条件で焼結し、これを用いて
同様の方法で伝熱管を作製した（比較例４）。Further, for comparison, steel powder having a grain size of 290 μm or less was sintered under the same conditions as in Example 3, and a heat exchanger tube was produced using the same method (Comparative Example 4).
上記各々の伝熱管について、実施例１，２の場合と同様
の方法でリーク検出特性および熱伝導性を調べた。その
結果を第４表に示す。゛上記の結果から明らかなように
、実施例４の伝熱管は比較例４よりもリーク検出特性が
著しく優れている。これは、比較例４では抽伸加工によ
って多孔質金属の気孔が潰れて気孔率が極端に低下した
のに対し、実施例４では隙間保持部材１１１ａの作用に
よって充分な気孔率が保持されたことを示している。The leak detection characteristics and thermal conductivity of each of the above heat exchanger tubes were examined in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2. The results are shown in Table 4.゛As is clear from the above results, the heat exchanger tube of Example 4 has significantly better leak detection characteristics than Comparative Example 4. This indicates that in Comparative Example 4, the pores of the porous metal were crushed by the drawing process, resulting in an extremely low porosity, whereas in Example 4, sufficient porosity was maintained due to the action of the gap retaining member 111a. It shows.
第５図に示したタイプの実施例は種々の変形が可能であ
る。これらの変形例を第６図〜第９図に示す。Various modifications to the embodiment of the type shown in FIG. 5 are possible. These modifications are shown in FIGS. 6 to 9.
第６図の伝熱管では、隙間保持部材１１１ａとしてｓｕ
ｓ ３０４のワイヤを用い、銅粉末と共に円筒状にプレ
ス成形して得た多孔質体１１１を使用している。それ以
外は第５図の実施例と同様にして製造した。In the heat exchanger tube of FIG. 6, su
A porous body 111 obtained by press-molding a s304 wire together with copper powder into a cylindrical shape is used. Other than that, it was manufactured in the same manner as the example shown in FIG.
第７図の伝熱管では、隙間保持部材１１１ａとしてベリ
リウム−銅合金からなる金属粒子を用い、これを銅粉末
と共に焼結して円筒状に加工した多孔質体１１１を使用
している。それ以外は第５図の実施例と同様にして製造
した。In the heat exchanger tube shown in FIG. 7, metal particles made of beryllium-copper alloy are used as the gap retaining member 111a, and a porous body 111 is used in which metal particles are sintered together with copper powder and processed into a cylindrical shape. Other than that, it was manufactured in the same manner as the example shown in FIG.
第８図の伝熱管では、隙間保持部材１１１ａとしてニッ
ケル基合金からなるコイルを用い、これに銅の発泡金属
板をプレス加工して円筒状にした多孔質体１］１を使用
している。それ以外は第５図の実施例と同様にして製造
した。In the heat exchanger tube shown in FIG. 8, a coil made of a nickel-based alloy is used as the gap retaining member 111a, and a porous body 1]1 in which a copper foam metal plate is pressed into a cylindrical shape is used. Other than that, it was manufactured in the same manner as the example shown in FIG.
第９図の伝熱管では、隙間保持部材１１１ａとしてｓｕ
ｓ ３０４のワイヤを用い、銅の繊維で織布を作製する
際にこのワイヤを織り込み、得られた複合金属織布を円
筒状にした多孔質体１１１を使用している。それ以外は
第５図の実施例と同様にして製造した。In the heat exchanger tube of FIG. 9, su
A porous body 111 is used in which a wire of S304 is woven into a cylindrical composite metal woven fabric by weaving the copper fiber into the woven fabric. Other than that, it was manufactured in the same manner as the example shown in FIG.
上記第６図〜第９図の伝熱管の各々について、実施例１
，２で既述したと同様の方法によりリーク検出特性およ
び熱伝導率を測定したところ、実施例４と路間等の値が
得られた。For each of the heat exchanger tubes shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 above, Example 1
When the leak detection characteristics and thermal conductivity were measured by the same method as described in ., 2, values comparable to those of Example 4 were obtained.
なお、第５図〜第９図のタイプの伝熱管は、上記したち
の範囲に限定されるものではない。例えば、隙間保持部
材１１１ａの材質としては鉄合金、銅合金、ニッケル基
合金、アルミニウム合金が何れも同等に適用可能である
。多孔質金属の材質も、銅、銅合金、アルミニウム、ア
ルミニウム合金、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、モリブデ
ン、ニッケル、鉄等が何れも同等に適用可能である。ま
た、それらの組合せも上述したものに限定されず、他の
組合せでも同等の効果が期待できる。更に、隙間保持部
材の形状も網、線、コイル、織布、塊等の種々の形状が
可能であるが、それ自体に通気性のある多孔質金属であ
れば更に性能の向上が期待できる。例えば、網、線、コ
イル等に使用されるワイヤが繊維束であれば、より好ま
しい。Note that the heat exchanger tubes of the types shown in FIGS. 5 to 9 are not limited to the above range. For example, as the material of the gap holding member 111a, iron alloy, copper alloy, nickel-based alloy, and aluminum alloy are all equally applicable. As for the material of the porous metal, copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, beryllium, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, iron, etc. are all equally applicable. Furthermore, the combinations thereof are not limited to those mentioned above, and similar effects can be expected with other combinations. Furthermore, the shape of the gap retaining member can be various shapes such as net, wire, coil, woven fabric, block, etc., but if it is made of porous metal which itself has air permeability, further improvement in performance can be expected. For example, it is more preferable that the wire used for the net, wire, coil, etc. is a fiber bundle.
第二発明の伝熱管
第１０図および第１１図は、第二発明になる伝熱管１０
２の実施例を示している。この実施例では、内管１０３
と外管１０４との間にステンレス製の織布からなる多孔
質金属体１１１が充填されている。そして、多孔質金属
体１１１には管軸方向に溝１１０が形成されている。こ
の実施例になる伝熱管１０２は、次のようにして製作し
た。The heat exchanger tube of the second invention FIGS. 10 and 11 show the heat exchanger tube 10 of the second invention.
Example 2 is shown. In this embodiment, the inner tube 103
A porous metal body 111 made of stainless steel fabric is filled between the outer tube 104 and the outer tube 104 . A groove 110 is formed in the porous metal body 111 in the tube axis direction. The heat exchanger tube 102 of this example was manufactured as follows.
まず、線径１０μｍのステンレス鋼製ワイヤで厚さ０．
４５Ｍの織布を織った。これに幅ＩＭの欠損部（スリッ
ト）を設けて外径１４．５ＩＩＩＩの９Ｃ「−１Ｍ ｏ
製鋼管（内管）の外周に巻付けた後、スリット部分をス
テンレス線で粗に編んで織布を一体化した。次いで、こ
れを外径２２．８１１ｑ厚さ１．８ｆｆｉｌの外管の中
に挿入し、一体抽伸加工を行なうことにより外径１８．
５１１１１％内径１０．８５ｍ１ｍの伝熱管１０２を得
た（実施例５）。なお、多孔質金属体１１１の厚さは０
．３ ｒｔｕｓである。First, a stainless steel wire with a wire diameter of 10 μm and a thickness of 0.
A 45M woven fabric was woven. A missing part (slit) with a width IM was provided in this to create a 9C "-1M o" with an outer diameter of 14.5III.
After wrapping it around the outer circumference of a steel pipe (inner pipe), the slit portion was roughly knitted with stainless steel wire to integrate the woven fabric. Next, this was inserted into an outer tube with an outer diameter of 22.811q and a thickness of 1.8ffil, and integral drawing was performed to make the outer diameter 18.
A heat exchanger tube 102 having an inner diameter of 10.85 m and 1 m was obtained (Example 5). Note that the thickness of the porous metal body 111 is 0.
．． 3 rtus.
尚、比較例５として、第１５図及び第１６図に示した従
来の伝熱管（微小間隙４のギャップ幅５μｍ）を製作し
た。As Comparative Example 5, a conventional heat exchanger tube (the gap width of the minute gap 4 is 5 μm) shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 was manufactured.
又、比較例６として、平均粒径９３μｍの純銅を１０４
０℃で３時間焼結して得た気孔率４７％の多孔質金属体
を内管及び外管の間に挿入し、これを圧下率１３％で抽
伸加工した伝熱管（多孔質金属体の気孔率４０％、厚さ
０．３１ｍ、溝なし）を製作した。In addition, as Comparative Example 6, pure copper with an average particle size of 93 μm was
A porous metal body with a porosity of 47% obtained by sintering at 0°C for 3 hours was inserted between the inner tube and the outer tube, and this was drawn at a reduction rate of 13% to form a heat transfer tube (a porous metal body). A material with a porosity of 40%, a thickness of 0.31 m, and no grooves was manufactured.
上記各々の伝熱管について、次の方法でリーク検出特性
及び熱伝導性を調べた。リーク検出特性は、伝熱管の上
端多孔質金属部に圧力１００ｋｇ／ｍのヘリウムガスを
流し、下端多孔質金属体から漏洩したガス流量を測定す
ることにより評価した。The leak detection characteristics and thermal conductivity of each of the above heat exchanger tubes were investigated using the following method. The leak detection characteristics were evaluated by flowing helium gas at a pressure of 100 kg/m into the porous metal part at the upper end of the heat exchanger tube and measuring the flow rate of gas leaking from the porous metal body at the lower end.
熱伝導性は、伝熱管の内面をヒーターで加熱し、且つ外
面を冷却材で冷却しながら伝熱管の長手方向及び周方向
の数箇所で温度を測定し、内外面の温度差から算定した
熱伝導率により評価した。その結果を第５表に示す。Thermal conductivity is calculated from the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces by measuring the temperature at several points in the longitudinal and circumferential directions of the tube while heating the inner surface of the tube with a heater and cooling the outer surface with a coolant. Evaluation was made by conductivity. The results are shown in Table 5.
第 ５ 表
上記の結果から明らかなように、比較例５の伝熱管とを
比較した場合、実施例５の伝熱管はリーク検出特性およ
び熱伝導性の何れにおいても優れている。実施例５では
内管および外管の間に熱伝導率の良好な多孔質金属体が
介在しているから、微小間隙が介在している第１５図お
よび第１６図の従来例よりも熱伝達性が優れているのは
当然と言える。またリーク検出特性においても優れてい
るのは、従来例の場合はリーク拡散路となる微小間隙４
を確保するのが製造技術上困難であるのに対し、実施例
５の場合には多孔質金属体１１１によってリーク拡散路
が確保されるためである。Table 5 As is clear from the above results, when compared with the heat exchanger tube of Comparative Example 5, the heat exchanger tube of Example 5 is superior in both leak detection characteristics and thermal conductivity. In Example 5, a porous metal body with good thermal conductivity is interposed between the inner tube and the outer tube, so the heat transfer is better than the conventional example shown in FIGS. It goes without saying that they are superior in quality. In addition, the leak detection characteristics are also excellent in the case of the conventional example, which has a small gap 4 that serves as a leak diffusion path.
This is because, while it is difficult to ensure this in terms of manufacturing technology, in the case of Example 5, the leak diffusion path is ensured by the porous metal body 111.
一方、比較例６は熱伝導性において実施例５より若干優
れているが、これは比較例６で用いた多孔質金属体には
溝が形成されておらず、多孔質金属体と内管及び外管と
の間の熱伝導面積が大きいからである。しかし、そのた
めに比較例６ではリーク検出特性が実施例５よりも遥か
に劣っている。On the other hand, Comparative Example 6 is slightly superior to Example 5 in thermal conductivity, but this is because the porous metal body used in Comparative Example 6 does not have grooves, and the porous metal body and inner tube This is because the heat conduction area between the outer tube and the outer tube is large. However, for this reason, the leak detection characteristics in Comparative Example 6 are far inferior to those in Example 5.
これは、抽伸加工時に多孔質金属体内の気孔が潰れたこ
とに加え、溝が形成されていないためにリーク拡散路が
不充分になっているためである。蒸気発生器の伝熱管の
性能は熱伝達性のみならずリーク検出特性が要求される
ことは既述した通りであり、両者を総合して比較すれば
実施例５の方が数段優れていることは明らかである。This is because, in addition to the pores in the porous metal body being crushed during the drawing process, the leak diffusion path is insufficient because no grooves are formed. As mentioned above, the performance of the heat exchanger tube of a steam generator requires not only heat transfer properties but also leak detection properties, and when comparing both in total, Example 5 is several orders of magnitude better. That is clear.
尚、実施例うでは多孔質金属体にステンレスを用いてい
るが、銅若しくは銅合金、ニッケル若しくはニッケル合
金、又は９Ｃｒ−ＩＭｏなどの鉄基合金等からなるもの
等、多孔質となるものであればどのような金属を用いて
もよい。In addition, although stainless steel is used for the porous metal body in the example, it may be made of copper or a copper alloy, nickel or a nickel alloy, or an iron-based alloy such as 9Cr-IMo, or any other porous metal body. Any metal may be used.
又、溝を構成する態様としては、実施例５のように粗に
編む以外にも、例えば網目状の編物から線を引抜いて網
目に粗な部分を形成してもよいし、発泡金属や焼結金属
の一部を切り欠いたものでもよい。加えて、溝は伝熱管
の長手方向に連続していればよく、従って実施例５のよ
うに直線状に限ることはなく、例えば螺旋状に設けても
よい。In addition to the coarse knitting as in Example 5, the grooves may be formed by, for example, drawing lines from a mesh-like knitted fabric to form rough sections in the mesh, or forming grooves using foamed metal or sintered fabric. It may be made by cutting out a part of the crystalline metal. In addition, the grooves only need to be continuous in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger tube, so the grooves are not limited to a straight line as in Example 5, but may be provided in a spiral shape, for example.
第三発明の伝熱管
第１２図および第１３図は、第三発明になる伝熱管１０
２の実施例を示している。この実施例においても、内管
１０３と外管１０４との間にステンレス製のワイヤから
なる多孔質体１１１が充填されている。但し、内管１０
３の外周面および外管１０４の内周面には金属被覆層１
２７が形成され、該金属被覆層を介して多孔質体１１１
と内管１０３及び外管１０４とは完全に金属接合されて
いる。この実施例の伝熱管１０２は、次のようにして製
作した。Heat exchanger tube according to the third invention FIGS. 12 and 13 show a heat exchanger tube 10 according to the third invention.
Example 2 is shown. Also in this embodiment, a porous body 111 made of stainless steel wire is filled between the inner tube 103 and the outer tube 104. However, the inner tube 10
3 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer tube 104 are coated with a metal coating layer 1.
27 is formed, and the porous body 111 is formed through the metal coating layer.
The inner tube 103 and the outer tube 104 are completely metal-bonded. The heat exchanger tube 102 of this example was manufactured as follows.
まず、９ Ｃｒ −Ｉ Ｍ ｏ鋼製の内管および外管を
用意し、内管の外周面及び外管の内周面に金属被覆層を
メツキした。メツキに際しては下記のメツキ液を用い、
厚さ約５μｍのＮｉ層を施したものと、厚さ約１０μｍ
のＣｕ層を施したものの二種類を製作した。First, an inner tube and an outer tube made of 9Cr-I Mo steel were prepared, and a metal coating layer was plated on the outer peripheral surface of the inner tube and the inner peripheral surface of the outer tube. When plating, use the plating liquid below.
One with a Ni layer approximately 5 μm thick, and one with a Ni layer approximately 10 μm thick.
Two types were manufactured with a Cu layer.
Ｎｉメツキ液
硫酸ニッケル ３０ ｇ／ｆ１次亜硫酸ナトリ
ウム １０ｇ／（１
酢酸ナトリウム １０ｇ／ｇ
Ｃｕメツキ液
硫酸銅 １０ｇ／ｊ！
ロッシェル塩 ４０ｚ／ＩＩ
パラホルムアルデヒド １３ｔｒ／Ｉ）チオ尿素
１厘ｇ／１
次いで、この内管及び外管の間に線径ｌＯμｍのステン
レス鋼ワイヤを織った厚さ約０．５ ｕの組網を挿入後
、外径Ｈ１，５Ｊ！Ｊｌ、内径１０１１５ ｍに抽伸加
工した。その後、この抽伸管を１０４５℃、０．５時間
、アルゴンガス雰囲気中で加熱処理を施すことにより伝
熱管を製作した（実施例６）。Ni plating solution Nickel sulfate 30 g/f1 Sodium hyposulfite 10 g/(1 Sodium acetate 10 g/g Cu plating solution Copper sulfate 10 g/j! Rochelle salt 40z/II Paraformaldehyde 13tr/I) Thiourea
1 厘g/1 Next, after inserting a braided mesh with a thickness of about 0.5 μm made of stainless steel wire with a wire diameter of 10 μm between the inner tube and the outer tube, an outer diameter of H1.5J! Jl, and was drawn to an inner diameter of 10115 m. Thereafter, this drawing tube was heat-treated at 1045° C. for 0.5 hours in an argon gas atmosphere to produce a heat exchanger tube (Example 6).
なお比較例として第１５図及び第１６図に示したギャッ
プ幅５μｍの従来の伝熱管（比較例８）と、内管及び外
管に金属被覆層を形成しない伝熱管（比較例７）とを製
作した。As comparative examples, a conventional heat exchanger tube with a gap width of 5 μm (Comparative Example 8) and a heat exchanger tube without a metal coating layer formed on the inner tube and outer tube (Comparative Example 7) shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 were used. Manufactured.
熱伝導率に影響を及ぼす内管及び外管と多孔質金属体と
の密着性を調べるために、抽伸管の内管部あるいは外管
部を切削加工し、内管及び外管と多孔質金属部が接合し
た状態の試験片を作成した。In order to examine the adhesion between the inner and outer tubes and the porous metal body, which affects thermal conductivity, the inner or outer tube of the drawn tube was cut, and the inner and outer tubes and the porous metal body were cut. A test piece was prepared in which the parts were joined.
この試験片について引張り試験を行ない、その接合強度
で内管及び外管と多孔質金属体との密着性を評価した。A tensile test was conducted on this test piece, and the adhesion between the inner tube and outer tube and the porous metal body was evaluated based on the bonding strength.
その結果を第６表に示す。The results are shown in Table 6.
上記の結果から明らかなように実施例６の伝熱管は、比
較例７，８の伝熱管とを比較した場合、す」り検出特性
及び熱伝導性のいずれにおいても優れている。実施例６
では内管及び外管の間に熱伝導率の良好な多孔質金属体
が介在しており、しかもこの多孔質金属体は、内管及び
外管に施された金属被覆層のために強固に金属接合され
ている。As is clear from the above results, when comparing the heat exchanger tubes of Comparative Examples 7 and 8, the heat exchanger tube of Example 6 is superior in both the low-strength detection characteristics and the thermal conductivity. Example 6
In this case, a porous metal body with good thermal conductivity is interposed between the inner tube and the outer tube, and this porous metal body is strong due to the metal coating layer applied to the inner tube and the outer tube. Metallic bonded.
従って、金属被覆層が施されない比較例７の伝熱管や、
微小間隙が介在している比較例８の伝熱管よりも熱伝達
性が優れているのは当然と言える。Therefore, the heat exchanger tube of Comparative Example 7, which is not provided with a metal coating layer,
It can be said that it is natural that the heat transfer property is superior to that of the heat transfer tube of Comparative Example 8 in which a minute gap is present.
また、リーク検出性においても優れているのは、比較例
８ではリーク拡散路となる微小間隙４を確保するのが製
造上困難であるのに対し、実施例６の場合には多孔質金
属体１１１によってリーク拡散路が確保されるためであ
る。両者を総合して比較すれば、実施例６は比較例７．
８よりも数段優れている。In addition, the reason why the leak detection property is also excellent is that in Comparative Example 8, it is difficult to secure the minute gap 4 that serves as a leak diffusion path, whereas in the case of Example 6, the porous metal body This is because the leak diffusion path is ensured by 111. Comparing both together, Example 6 is better than Comparative Example 7.
It's a lot better than 8.
なお、実施例６では多孔質金属体にステンレスを用いて
いるが、銅若しくは銅合金、ニッケル若しくはニッケル
合金、又は９ Ｃｒ −Ｉ Ｍ ｏ鋼等の鉄合金からな
るもの等、多孔質となるものであれば、どのような金属
を用いても良い。In addition, in Example 6, stainless steel is used for the porous metal body, but other porous metal bodies, such as those made of copper or copper alloy, nickel or nickel alloy, or iron alloy such as 9 Cr-I Mo steel, etc. Any metal may be used.
［発明の効果］
以上詳述したように、本発明による蒸気発生器用伝熱管
は破損を早期に検出できる二重管構成を具備すると共に
、伝熱性能を向上して蒸気発生器の小型化を図ることが
可能で、且つ容易に製作できる等、顕著な効果を奏する
ものである。[Effects of the Invention] As detailed above, the heat transfer tube for a steam generator according to the present invention has a double tube configuration that allows early detection of breakage, improves heat transfer performance, and downsizes the steam generator. It has remarkable effects, such as being able to be easily manufactured and manufactured.
第１図は本発明の伝熱管を使用した蒸気発生器の断面図
、第２図は本願第一発明の一実施例になる伝熱管の一部
を示す斜視図であり、第３図はその断面図、第４図は第
一発明の他の実施例になる伝熱管に用いた多孔質体の組
織断面図、第５図は第一発明の更に別の実施例になる伝
熱管を一部切欠いて示す斜視図であり、第６図〜第９図
はその変形例を示す斜視図、第１０図は本願第二発明の
一実施例になる伝熱管の一部を示す斜視図であり、第１
１図はその断面図、第１２図は本願第三発明の一実施例
になる伝熱管の一部を示す斜視図であり、第１３図はそ
の断面図、第１４図は従来の伝熱管を用いた蒸気発生器
の断面図、第１５図は従来の伝熱管の一部を示す斜視図
であり、第１６図はその断面図である。
１０１・・・外胴、１０２・・・二重管型伝熱管、１０
３・・・内管、１０４・・・外管、１１１・・・多孔質
体、１１１ａ・・・隙間保持部材、１１１ｂ・・・多孔
質金属、１１１Ｃ・・・気孔、１１２・・・本人ロプレ
ナム、１１４・・・蒸気出口プレナム、１１６・・・冷
却材入口プレナム、１１８・・・冷却材出口ブレナム、
１２３．１２４・・・中間プレナム、１２７・・・金属
被覆層。
出願人代理人 弁理士 鈴江武彦
↑
第１図
第６図 第７図
第８図 第９図
第２図
第３図
１１１０ｍ ｌｌＡｌ１ 間第
１４図
第１２図
５５〇−
第１５図
第１６図FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a steam generator using the heat exchanger tube of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a part of the heat exchanger tube according to an embodiment of the first invention of the present application, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of a porous body used in a heat exchanger tube according to another embodiment of the first invention, and FIG. 5 is a partial diagram of a heat exchanger tube according to yet another embodiment of the first invention. 6 to 9 are perspective views showing modified examples thereof, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a part of a heat exchanger tube according to an embodiment of the second invention of the present application, 1st
1 is a sectional view thereof, FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a part of a heat exchanger tube according to an embodiment of the third invention, FIG. 13 is a sectional view thereof, and FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a conventional heat exchanger tube. A sectional view of the steam generator used, FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a part of a conventional heat exchanger tube, and FIG. 16 is a sectional view thereof. 101...Outer shell, 102...Double tube type heat exchanger tube, 10
3... Inner tube, 104... Outer tube, 111... Porous body, 111a... Gap retaining member, 111b... Porous metal, 111C... Pore, 112... Person's loplenum , 114... Steam outlet plenum, 116... Coolant inlet plenum, 118... Coolant outlet plenum,
123.124...Middle plenum, 127...Metal coating layer. Applicant's agent Patent attorney Takehiko Suzue ↑ Figure 1 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 2 Figure 3
Claims (5)
鋼からなる内管および外管と、これら内管および外管の
間に介在された熱伝導性に優れ且つ３％以上の気孔率を
有する多孔質体とを具備したことを特徴とする蒸気発生
器用伝熱管。(1) An inner tube and an outer tube made of iron-based alloy steel arranged so that their cross sections are concentric, and a structure with excellent thermal conductivity and pores of 3% or more interposed between the inner tube and the outer tube. 1. A heat exchanger tube for a steam generator, characterized in that the porous body has a
鋼からなる内管および外管と、この内管および外管の間
に介在された多孔質金属体と、該多孔質金属体に形成さ
れた管軸方向に連続する溝とを具備することを特徴とす
る蒸気発生器用伝熱管。(2) An inner tube and an outer tube made of iron-based alloy steel arranged so that their cross sections are concentric, a porous metal body interposed between the inner tube and the outer tube, and the porous metal body 1. A heat exchanger tube for a steam generator, characterized in that the tube is provided with a groove that is continuous in the axial direction of the tube.
された金属被覆層を具備し、前記多孔質体が前記金属被
覆層を介して前記内管および外管に接合されていること
を特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の蒸気発生器用伝
熱管。(3) A metal coating layer is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the inner tube and the inner circumferential surface of the outer tube, and the porous body is joined to the inner tube and the outer tube via the metal coating layer. The heat exchanger tube for a steam generator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
円になるように配置すると共に、これら内管および外管
の間に熱伝導性に優れた円筒状の多孔質体を挿入した後
、これを抽伸加工することにより所望の径を有する伝熱
管を製造する方法であって、挿入される前記多孔質体の
気孔率を３０％以上とし、抽伸加工の圧下率を７０％以
下とすることを特徴とする蒸気発生器用伝熱管の製造方
法。(4) An inner tube and an outer tube made of iron-based alloy steel are arranged so that their cross sections are concentric circles, and a cylindrical porous body with excellent thermal conductivity is inserted between the inner tube and the outer tube. A method of manufacturing a heat exchanger tube having a desired diameter by drawing this after that, the porosity of the porous body to be inserted is set to 30% or more, and the rolling reduction rate of the drawing process is set to 70% or less. A method for manufacturing a heat exchanger tube for a steam generator, characterized by:
円になるように配置すると共に、これら内管および外管
の間に熱伝導性に優れた円筒状の多孔質体を挿入した後
、これを抽伸加工することにより所望の径を有する伝熱
管を製造する方法であって、前記内管の外周面および前
記外管の内周面に予め金属被覆層を形成すると共に、抽
伸加工した後に真空または不活性ガス雰囲気で加熱処理
することを特徴とする蒸気発生器用伝熱管の製造方法。(5) An inner tube and an outer tube made of iron-based alloy steel are arranged so that their cross sections are concentric circles, and a cylindrical porous body with excellent thermal conductivity is inserted between the inner tube and the outer tube. A method of manufacturing a heat transfer tube having a desired diameter by drawing the heat transfer tube, wherein a metal coating layer is formed in advance on the outer circumferential surface of the inner tube and the inner circumferential surface of the outer tube, and the drawing process is performed. A method for manufacturing a heat exchanger tube for a steam generator, which comprises heating the tube in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22551487 | 1987-09-09 | ||
| JP22551587 | 1987-09-09 | ||
| JP62-225514 | 1987-09-09 | ||
| JP62-225515 | 1987-09-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01159596A true JPH01159596A (en) | 1989-06-22 |
| JP2724169B2 JP2724169B2 (en) | 1998-03-09 |
Family
ID=26526687
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63225911A Expired - Lifetime JP2724169B2 (en) | 1987-09-09 | 1988-09-09 | Heat transfer tube for steam generator and method of manufacturing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2724169B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001013057A1 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2001-02-22 | Nkk Corporation | Heat exchange tube and heat recovery method using it |
| US11988469B2 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2024-05-21 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Additively manufactured permeable barrier layer and method of manufacture |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012053172A1 (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-26 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Method for manufacturing double pipe having braided wire |
| KR101603063B1 (en) * | 2015-10-07 | 2016-03-14 | (주)태진중공업 | Heat exchanges pipe of ambient air vaporizer |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63247502A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-14 | 株式会社東芝 | Heat transfer tube |
| JPS63271093A (en) * | 1987-04-28 | 1988-11-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Shell and tube type steam producing device |
| JPS6449890A (en) * | 1987-08-20 | 1989-02-27 | Toshiba Corp | Heat transfer pipe |
-
1988
- 1988-09-09 JP JP63225911A patent/JP2724169B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63247502A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-14 | 株式会社東芝 | Heat transfer tube |
| JPS63271093A (en) * | 1987-04-28 | 1988-11-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Shell and tube type steam producing device |
| JPS6449890A (en) * | 1987-08-20 | 1989-02-27 | Toshiba Corp | Heat transfer pipe |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001013057A1 (en) * | 1999-08-12 | 2001-02-22 | Nkk Corporation | Heat exchange tube and heat recovery method using it |
| US11988469B2 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2024-05-21 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Additively manufactured permeable barrier layer and method of manufacture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2724169B2 (en) | 1998-03-09 |
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