JPH01143949A - Snow cover detecting device - Google Patents
Snow cover detecting deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01143949A JPH01143949A JP30303287A JP30303287A JPH01143949A JP H01143949 A JPH01143949 A JP H01143949A JP 30303287 A JP30303287 A JP 30303287A JP 30303287 A JP30303287 A JP 30303287A JP H01143949 A JPH01143949 A JP H01143949A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- snow
- temperature
- heating
- snowfall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000533950 Leucojum Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005413 snowmelt Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
この発明は積雪を自動的に検出するための装置に関する
ものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION This invention relates to a device for automatically detecting snow cover.
従来の技術
最近では、地下水の散布やヒータによる加熱によって通
路や屋根の雪を溶かす融雪装置が使用されるようになっ
てきているが、これらの融雪装置は降雪時にのみ自動運
転する必要があるので、降雪を検知して信号を出力する
センサが並設されている。Conventional technology Recently, snow melting devices have been used that melt snow on walkways and roofs by spraying groundwater or heating with heaters, but these snow melting devices need to operate automatically only when it is snowing. , sensors that detect snowfall and output signals are installed in parallel.
従来、この種の検知装置としては、赤外線を空中に照射
し、雪からの反射光に基づいて降雪を判定する赤外線式
のものや、外気温度を検出するとともに通電によって融
雪水を検出し、両者の検出結果から降雪を判定する構成
のもの、雪による光電装置の信号の減衰および融雪水に
よる通電を検出して降雪を判定するもの、さらには雪片
を光電装置でカウントする形式のものなどが知られてい
る。Conventionally, this type of detection device has been an infrared type that irradiates the air with infrared rays and determines snowfall based on the light reflected from the snow, or an infrared type that detects the outside temperature and detects snowmelt water by energizing. Some devices are configured to determine snowfall based on the detection results, others are configured to determine snowfall by detecting attenuation of the signal of a photoelectric device due to snow and energization due to melting snow, and still others are configured to count snowflakes using a photoelectric device. It is being
発明が解決しようとする問題点
しかるに赤外線式の降雪検知装置では、赤外線照射器の
出力に制限があるから、降雪の判定対象範囲が狭くなら
ざるを得ず、また太陽光線や周囲に存在する照明の影響
を受は易いなどの問題がある。また融雪水と外気温度と
から降雪を判定する装置では、小面積のヒータの上に付
着した雪を溶かして融雪水を得る構成でおるから、限ら
れた狭い範囲でしか降雪を検出できず、また外気温度を
検出するセンサが太陽熱の影響を受は易い問題がおる。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, with infrared snowfall detection devices, there is a limit to the output of the infrared irradiator, so the range of snowfall judgments must be narrowed, and the range of snowfall detection must be narrowed. There are problems such as being easily influenced by In addition, devices that determine snowfall based on snowmelt water and outside air temperature are configured to obtain snowmelt water by melting snow that has adhered to a small heater, so snowfall can only be detected in a limited narrow area. Another problem is that the sensor that detects the outside temperature is easily affected by solar heat.
さらに光電装置の出力信号が雪片によって減衰すること
を利用する形式のものや光電装置で雪片をカウントする
形式のものにあっても検知範囲が狭く、これに加えて投
受光部の汚れに起因する誤動作の問題が必る。Furthermore, even with photoelectric devices that take advantage of the fact that the output signal of the photoelectric device is attenuated by snowflakes, and devices that count snowflakes with a photoelectric device, the detection range is narrow. Problems with malfunctions are inevitable.
このように従来のいずれの降雪検知装置も降雪検出範囲
が極めて限られた狭いものであるために１、風や周囲の
溝造物などによる影響を受は易く、その結果、設置箇所
が制約されたり、誤動作し易いなどの問題があった。ま
た従来の装置は、融雪装置に対して追加設置するもので
あるから、設備費を高騰させる要因になる問題があった
。As described above, the snowfall detection range of all conventional snowfall detection devices is extremely limited and narrow.1 They are easily affected by wind and surrounding ditch structures, and as a result, installation locations are restricted. There were problems such as easy malfunction. Furthermore, since the conventional device is installed in addition to the snow melting device, there is a problem in that it causes an increase in equipment costs.
この発明は上記の事情を背景としてなされたもので、降
雪もしくは積雪の有無を正確に検知でき、しかも融雪装
置を兼ねることのできる検知装置を提供することを目的
とするものである。The present invention was made against the background of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a detection device that can accurately detect the presence or absence of snowfall or snow accumulation, and can also serve as a snow melting device.
問題点を解決するための手段
この発明は、を記の目的を達成するために、電気抵抗が
温度にほぼ比例して変化する電熱線を平板体に保持させ
て平板状発熱体を形成し、第１の平板状発熱体を、降雪
を直接もしくは間接に受けるよう設置するとともに、第
２の平板状発熱体を、第１の平板状発熱体の近辺に雪の
付着がなくかつ外気に曝されるよう設置し、さらに第１
および第２の平板状発熱体を、これらの平板状発熱体の
電気的特性を検出しかつ一定温度以下で各々の電気的特
性に相違が生じた場合に積雪発生信号を出力する判定器
に接続したことを特徴するものでおる。Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present invention forms a flat heating element by holding a heating wire whose electrical resistance changes approximately in proportion to the temperature in a flat plate, The first flat heating element is installed so as to receive snowfall either directly or indirectly, and the second flat heating element is installed so that snow does not adhere to the vicinity of the first flat heating element and it is exposed to the outside air. the first
and the second flat heating element is connected to a determination device that detects the electrical characteristics of these flat heating elements and outputs a snow accumulation occurrence signal when a difference occurs in each electrical characteristic below a certain temperature. It is characterized by what it did.
作 用
この発明の装置では、発熱体を構成する電熱線の電気抵
抗が温度にほぼ比例して変化するから、電熱線の抵抗値
によって外気温度を測定することができる。また積雪が
あった場合、第１の平板状発熱体の温度と雪の影響を受
けない第２の平板状発熱体とのそれぞれの抵抗値もしく
は消費電力などの電気的特性が相違することになる。し
たがつて判定器は、電熱線の電気抵抗から温度を測定し
、その温度が所定の温度以下の場合に、第１の平板状発
熱体と第２の平板状発熱体との間に電気的特性の相違が
生じると、降雪もしくは積雪がある、と判定して信号を
出力する。これにより第１の平板状発熱体が発熱して融
雪を行なう。Function: In the device of the present invention, since the electrical resistance of the heating wire constituting the heating element changes approximately in proportion to the temperature, the outside temperature can be measured based on the resistance value of the heating wire. In addition, if there is snow, the temperature of the first flat heating element and the second flat heating element, which is not affected by snow, will differ in their electrical characteristics such as resistance value or power consumption. . Therefore, the determiner measures the temperature from the electrical resistance of the heating wire, and when the temperature is below a predetermined temperature, there is no electrical connection between the first flat heating element and the second flat heating element. If a difference in characteristics occurs, it is determined that there is snowfall or snow accumulation, and a signal is output. This causes the first flat heating element to generate heat and melt the snow.
実施例
つぎにこの発明の実施例を添付の図面を参照して説明す
る。Embodiments Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例を示す模式図であって、第
１の発熱体１がほぼ水平に設置されるとともに、第２の
発熱体２が第１の発熱体１の近辺でほぼ垂直に設置され
ている。これらの発熱体１゜２は、電気抵抗が温度にほ
ぼ比例して変化する複数本の電熱線３を互いに並列に接
続するとともに、それらの電熱線３を耐熱性の平板体４
に保持させて全体として平板状に構成したもの、もしく
は１本の電熱線３をジグザグに湾曲させて平板体４に保
持させることにより全体として平板状に構成したもので
おり、これらの発熱体１，２のうち第１の発熱体１は、
降雪を直接もしくは間接に受けるよう路面直下や屋根面
などに設置されている。また第２の発熱体２は、雪が付
着しないよう設置されており、例えば第１の発熱体１の
近辺でほぼ垂直に、もしくは充分な外気の通気があるよ
う所定の収容器具（図示せず）の内部に設置されている
。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which a first heating element 1 is installed almost horizontally, and a second heating element 2 is installed approximately in the vicinity of the first heating element 1. installed vertically. These heating elements 1.2 are constructed by connecting a plurality of heating wires 3 whose electrical resistance changes approximately in proportion to the temperature in parallel, and connecting the heating wires 3 to a heat-resistant flat plate body 4.
The heating element 1 is held in a flat plate shape as a whole, or it is held in a flat plate shape by curving one heating wire 3 in a zigzag manner and held in a flat plate body 4. , 2, the first heating element 1 is
They are installed directly under the road surface or on the roof to receive snow directly or indirectly. Further, the second heating element 2 is installed so that snow does not adhere to it, and is installed, for example, almost vertically near the first heating element 1, or with a predetermined housing device (not shown) to ensure sufficient ventilation of outside air. is installed inside.
そして各発熱体１，２はその表面状態が等しくなるよう
設定されており、例えば第１の発熱体１を路面直下に埋
設した場合には、第２の発熱体２の表面は路面を形成す
る組成物と同様な組成物によって覆われており、また第
１の発熱体１をそのまま屋根面に設置した場合には、第
２の発熱体２は直接外気に曝されるよう設置されている
。The surface conditions of the heating elements 1 and 2 are set to be the same. For example, when the first heating element 1 is buried directly under the road surface, the surface of the second heating element 2 forms the road surface. It is covered with a composition similar to the composition, and when the first heating element 1 is installed as it is on the roof surface, the second heating element 2 is installed so as to be directly exposed to the outside air.
そして各発熱体１，２は主にオン−オフ制御および発熱
量制御を行なうコントローラ５，６にそれぞれ接続され
るとともに、そのコントローラ５゜６を介して判定器７
に接続されている。この判定器７は、各発熱体１，２の
いずれかにおける電熱線３の抵抗値や消費電力などの電
気的特性から温度を検出するとともに、予め定めた一定
温度以下の場合に第１の発熱体１と第２の発熱体２との
間で電気的な特性に相違が生じたことにより降雪もしく
は積雪が有ると判定して積雪発生信号を出力するよう構
成されている。The heating elements 1 and 2 are respectively connected to controllers 5 and 6 that mainly perform on-off control and heat generation control, and are connected to a determiner 7 via the controllers 5 and 6.
It is connected to the. This determiner 7 detects the temperature from the electrical characteristics such as the resistance value and power consumption of the heating wire 3 in either of the heating elements 1 and 2, and detects the first heat generation when the temperature is below a predetermined certain temperature. The device is configured to determine that there is snowfall or snow accumulation due to a difference in electrical characteristics between the heating element 1 and the second heating element 2, and output a snow accumulation occurrence signal.
第２図は前記電熱線３の発熱量Ｑと温度Ｔとの関係を示
す線図であって、発熱量Ｑと温度Ｔとは比例関係にあり
、したがって判定器７には、降雪の必るＯ′Ｃ程度の温
度に対応する発熱ｆｆ１Ｑもしくはその発熱量を電気抵
抗あるいは電流に置き換えた基準値を温度基準として予
め設定しておく。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the calorific value Q and the temperature T of the heating wire 3, and the calorific value Q and the temperature T are in a proportional relationship. The heat generation ff1Q corresponding to a temperature of about O'C or a reference value obtained by replacing the heat generation amount with electric resistance or current is set in advance as a temperature reference.
外気温度がその基準値として設定した温度以上の場合、
判定器７は第１の発熱体１の電気的特性と第２の発熱体
２の電気的特性との比較は行なわず、したがって例えば
降雨によって第１の発熱体１の温度と第２の発熱体２の
温度が相違しても判定器７は信号を出力しない。また基
準値で示される外気温度以下になった状態でも、降雪も
しくは積雪が無ければ、第１の発熱体１と第２の発熱体
２との温度が等しく、またその電気的特性も等しいから
、判定器７は信号を出力しない。これに対して降雪もし
くは積雪があると、その場合の外気温度は前記基準値で
示される温度より低くなっているから、判定器７は第１
の発熱体１と第２の発熱体２との電気的特性を比較する
状態にあり、したがって、第１の発熱体１が雪を直接も
しくは間接に受けるよう設置され、また第２の発熱体２
が雪の影響を受けないよう設置されていて雪の付着の有
無に起因する両者の温度の相違、それに伴う第１の発熱
体１と第２の発熱体２との電気的特性の相違によって、
判定器７は積雪発生信号を出力する。この積雪発生信号
は、第１の発熱体１のいずれかの部分に直接もしくは間
接的に雪が付着し、それに起因して電気的特性が第２の
発熱体２と相違することにより出力されるので、上記の
装置では、第１の発熱体１の面積に応じた広い範囲に亘
って降雪もしくは積雪を検知することができる。If the outside temperature is higher than the temperature set as the reference value,
The determiner 7 does not compare the electrical characteristics of the first heating element 1 and the electrical characteristics of the second heating element 2. Therefore, for example, due to rain, the temperature of the first heating element 1 and the second heating element Even if the two temperatures are different, the determiner 7 does not output a signal. Furthermore, even if the outside air temperature is below the reference value, if there is no snowfall or snow accumulation, the temperatures of the first heating element 1 and the second heating element 2 are the same, and their electrical characteristics are also the same. Determiner 7 does not output a signal. On the other hand, if there is snowfall or snow accumulation, the outside air temperature in that case is lower than the temperature indicated by the reference value, so the determiner 7
The electrical characteristics of the heating element 1 and the second heating element 2 are to be compared. Therefore, the first heating element 1 is installed to receive snow directly or indirectly, and the second heating element
are installed so as not to be affected by snow, and due to the difference in temperature between the two due to the presence or absence of snow, and the accompanying difference in electrical characteristics between the first heating element 1 and the second heating element 2,
The determiner 7 outputs a snowfall occurrence signal. This snow accumulation signal is output when snow adheres directly or indirectly to any part of the first heating element 1, which causes the electrical characteristics to be different from that of the second heating element 2. With the above device, snowfall or snow accumulation can be detected over a wide range depending on the area of the first heating element 1.
そして積雪発生信号が出力されると第１の発熱体１に充
分な電力が供給されて第１の発熱体１が発熱し、これに
より雪が溶かされる。したがって上記の装置では、融雪
装置が積雪検知装置を兼ねることになる。Then, when the snow accumulation generation signal is output, sufficient power is supplied to the first heating element 1, and the first heating element 1 generates heat, thereby melting the snow. Therefore, in the above device, the snow melting device also serves as the snow accumulation detection device.
なお、上記の実施例では、第１の発熱体１を一枚だけ使
用した例を説明したが、この発明では降雪を直接もしく
は間接に受ける第１の発熱体を複数枚使用して構成して
もよい。In the above embodiment, an example was explained in which only one first heating element 1 was used, but in the present invention, a plurality of first heating elements that receive snowfall directly or indirectly are used. Good too.
発明の効果
以上の説明から明らかなようにこの発明の装置によれば
、平板状の発熱体のいずれかの部分に雪の付着があると
積雪発生信号を出力するので、降雪もしくは積雪の検知
範囲が広くなり、したがって誤動作のない正確な検知を
行なうことができ、また融雪のための発熱体が検知装置
を兼ねるので、設備の簡素化および設備費の低廉化を図
ることが可能になる。Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above explanation, according to the device of the present invention, if snow adheres to any part of the flat heating element, a snow accumulation occurrence signal is output, so that the detection range of snowfall or snow accumulation is This makes it possible to perform accurate detection without malfunction, and since the heating element for snow melting also serves as a detection device, it is possible to simplify the equipment and reduce equipment costs.
第１図はこの発明の一実施例を示す模式図、第２図は発
熱体を構成する電熱線の発熱量と温度との関係を示す線
図である。
１．２・・・発熱体、 ３・・・電熱線、 ４・・・平
板体、７・・・判定器。
苓ｌ 図
第２図
Ｔ ″ＣFIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of heat generated by a heating wire constituting a heating element and the temperature. 1.2... Heating element, 3... Heating wire, 4... Flat plate, 7... Judgment device. Figure 2T ″C
Claims (1)
に保持させて平板状発熱体を形成し、第１の平板状発熱
体を、降雪を直接もしくは間接に受けるよう設置すると
ともに、第２の平板状発熱体を、第１の平板状発熱体の
近辺に雪の付着がなくかつ外気に曝されるよう設置し、
さらに第１および第２の平板状発熱体を、これらの平板
状発熱体の電気的特性を検出しかつ一定温度以下で各々
の電気的特性に相違が生じた場合に積雪発生信号を出力
する判定器に接続してなる積雪検知装置。A flat heating element is formed by holding a heating wire whose electrical resistance changes approximately in proportion to the temperature, and the first flat heating element is installed so as to receive snowfall directly or indirectly. The second flat heating element is installed so that there is no snow adhering to the vicinity of the first flat heating element and is exposed to the outside air,
Further, a determination is made to detect the electrical characteristics of the first and second flat heating elements and output a snow accumulation signal when a difference occurs in the electrical characteristics of the first and second flat heating elements at a temperature below a certain temperature. A snow detection device connected to a device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30303287A JPH01143949A (en) | 1987-11-30 | 1987-11-30 | Snow cover detecting device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30303287A JPH01143949A (en) | 1987-11-30 | 1987-11-30 | Snow cover detecting device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01143949A true JPH01143949A (en) | 1989-06-06 |
Family
ID=17916110
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30303287A Pending JPH01143949A (en) | 1987-11-30 | 1987-11-30 | Snow cover detecting device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01143949A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007181617A (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-19 | Delta Tooling Co Ltd | Seat structure |
-
1987
- 1987-11-30 JP JP30303287A patent/JPH01143949A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007181617A (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-19 | Delta Tooling Co Ltd | Seat structure |
| US8052214B2 (en) | 2006-01-10 | 2011-11-08 | Delta Tooling Co., Ltd. | Seat structure |
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