JP7500080B2 - エアロゲル粒子の連続超臨界乾燥方法 - Google Patents
エアロゲル粒子の連続超臨界乾燥方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7500080B2 JP7500080B2 JP2021514077A JP2021514077A JP7500080B2 JP 7500080 B2 JP7500080 B2 JP 7500080B2 JP 2021514077 A JP2021514077 A JP 2021514077A JP 2021514077 A JP2021514077 A JP 2021514077A JP 7500080 B2 JP7500080 B2 JP 7500080B2
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- 238000009790 rate-determining step (RDS) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000194 supercritical-fluid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0241—Containing particulates characterized by their shape and/or structure
- A61K8/0279—Porous; Hollow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/008—Processes carried out under supercritical conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
- C01B33/158—Purification; Drying; Dehydrating
- C01B33/1585—Dehydration into aerogels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
- F26B17/14—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/14—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases or vapours other than air or steam, e.g. inert gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/02—Foams characterised by their properties the finished foam itself being a gel or a gel being temporarily formed when processing the foamable composition
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- C08J2305/04—Alginic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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Description
(i)ゲル粒子(P1)と溶媒(LM)を含む懸濁液を提供する工程と、
(ii)前記懸濁液を二酸化炭素が向流で流れるカラムに導入する工程と、
(iii)前記カラムから乾燥したエアロゲル粒子を除去する工程と、
を含み、
前記懸濁液は前記カラムの頂部領域に導入され、前記乾燥したエアロゲル粒子は前記カラムの下部領域で除去され、
前記カラムの圧力及び温度は、二酸化炭素と溶媒の混合物が超臨界、又は実質的に超臨界であるように設定される。
(i)ゲル粒子(P1)と溶媒(LM)を含む懸濁液を提供する工程と、
(ii)前記懸濁液を二酸化炭素が向流で流れるカラムに導入する工程と、
(iii)前記カラムから乾燥したエアロゲル粒子を除去する工程と、
を含み、
前記懸濁液は前記カラムの頂部領域に導入され、前記乾燥したエアロゲル粒子は前記カラムの下部領域で除去され、
前記カラムの圧力及び温度は、二酸化炭素と溶媒の混合物が実質的に超臨界、又は超臨界であるように設定される、方法。
(i)ゲル粒子(P1)と溶媒(LM)を含む懸濁液を提供する工程と、
(ii)前記懸濁液を二酸化炭素が向流で流れるカラムに導入する工程と、
(iii)前記カラムから乾燥したエアロゲル粒子を除去する工程と、
を含み、
前記懸濁液は前記カラムの頂部領域に導入され、前記乾燥したエアロゲル粒子は前記カラムの下部領域で除去され、
前記カラムの圧力及び温度は、二酸化炭素と溶媒の混合物が実質的に超臨界、又は超臨界であるように設定される、エアロゲル粒子。
I.構成例
いくつかの概略的な計算と構成例を以下に示す。以下の構成では、運転条件(120バール、50℃)と粒子特性(粒子の気孔率ε=0.93、ねじれ率τ=2.5)は一定であると仮定されている。以下では、スループットも初期は非常に低いと想定されており、つまり流体相は純粋なCO2で近似的に表されている。
様々な直径の粒子の乾燥時間を、1次元の物質移動を仮定して、シミュレートした。流体(CO2とエタノール)の物理変数は、適切な混合則を有するPeng-Robinson状態方程式を用いてモデル化した。粒子は、気孔率ε=0.93(Vpores=8cm3/gに相当)とねじれ率τ=2.5を介して表されている。
以下の乾燥時間(表1)を、律速段階が粒子内での拡散であると仮定して計算した。粒子から周囲の流体相への物質移動は非常に大きいと仮定された。5μmの大きな粒子の乾燥時間はわずか数ミリ秒であり、100μmまでの範囲では1秒未満である。
表2に示した乾燥時間は、粒子から周囲の流体相への物質移動を考慮したものである。平均物質移動係数は、単一球体のSh相関に基づいて計算された。興味深いことに、物質移動係数は粒子径のみの関数であり、流速の関数ではない、なぜなら、相対速度、したがってReは一定であり、粒子が排出されると変化するだけだからである。
乾燥時間の他に、向流カラムでの連続超臨界乾燥のもう1つの重要な態様は、粒子の流体力学と関連する滞留時間である。粒子の下降速度は、アルキメデス数とレイノルズ数の関係で表すことができる。ストークス領域とニュートン領域の間の遷移領域については、MARTINに従って以下が適用される:
当然のことながら、カラムの長さを設定する場合、乾燥時間に対する滞留時間の比は1を超える必要がある。表5はカラム高さ500mmの場合の滞留時間/乾燥時間の比を示す。直径500μmの粒子は、0.5kg/時間~3kg/時間のCO2質量流量では、完全に乾燥しない。これは、CO2の質量流量をさらに増加させれば相殺することができるが、ただし、より小さな粒子が排出されることになる。あるいは、カラムの高さを長くすると滞留時間が比例して増加し、滞留時間/乾燥時間比が比例して増加する。カラムの高さを例えば1mに倍増すると、滞留時間/乾燥時間の比率が倍増し、直径d=500μmの粒子はより小さな粒子が排出されることなく乾燥する。
前の大まかな計算では、ほぼ純粋なCO2が出口にも存在する、すなわち、非常に低い粒子装荷だけで運転されると仮定されていた。産業用途において、向流運転の狙いは、エアロゲル1kgあたりのCO2使用量を削減するために、エタノール(EtOH)を可能な限り多く含むCO2流をカラムの頂部から取り出すことである。そのためには、乾燥時間の延長を、対応するカラム高さの増加によって補う必要がある。例えば、表6に示されている、高さ1mのカラムで500μmの粒子を1l/時間で乾燥させるには、1kg/時間以下のCO2質量流量では達成されない(表7参照)。しかし、カラムを3mに増加すると、1kg/時間のCO2で乾燥が達成され、64%(質量比)のEtOHの高い排出比率を維持することができる。
乾燥方法の原理的な実現可能性はパイロットプラントで実証できた。
Claims (7)
- ゲル粒子を乾燥させるための、特にエアロゲルを製造するための方法であって、
(i)ゲル粒子(P1)と溶媒(LM)を含む懸濁液を提供する工程と、
(ii)前記懸濁液を二酸化炭素が向流で流れるカラムに自由落下で導入する工程と、
(iii)前記カラムから乾燥したエアロゲル粒子を除去する工程と、
を含み、
前記懸濁液は前記カラムの頂部領域に導入され、前記乾燥したエアロゲル粒子は前記カラムの下部領域で除去され、
前記カラムの圧力及び温度は、二酸化炭素と溶媒の混合物が実質的に超臨界、又は超臨界であるように設定され、得られた前記エアロゲル粒子は、キャピラリーを介してバルブフリー方式で連続的に除去され、
前記カラムは、前記エアロゲル粒子が重力の結果として落下する中間捕集容器の上に設置されており、
前記カラム内に搬送や関連する更なる内部構造体を必要としない、方法。 - 前記ゲル粒子が向流中で沈降する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- CO2質量流量は乾燥したエアロゲル粒子が得られるように設定される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲル粒子は、20μmから1000μmの範囲の平均直径を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ゲル粒子は、2から100nmの範囲の平均細孔径を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒(LM)は、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール、ペンタノール及びヘキサノールからなる群から選択される、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 医療及び医薬用途のための、食品のための添加剤又は添加剤の担体材料としての、触媒担体としての、化粧品、衛生、洗浄及びクリーニング用途のための、センサー製造のための、断熱材のための、又はVIPのコア材料としての、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって得られた又は得ることができるエアロゲル粒子の使用。
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