JP7496786B2 - Water purification method and water purification device - Google Patents
Water purification method and water purification device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7496786B2 JP7496786B2 JP2021022129A JP2021022129A JP7496786B2 JP 7496786 B2 JP7496786 B2 JP 7496786B2 JP 2021022129 A JP2021022129 A JP 2021022129A JP 2021022129 A JP2021022129 A JP 2021022129A JP 7496786 B2 JP7496786 B2 JP 7496786B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- picoplankton
- flocculant
- count
- basicity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 298
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010801 machine learning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 15
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000223935 Cryptosporidium Species 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 238000013473 artificial intelligence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical class O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001341 alkaline earth metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005591 charge neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003066 decision tree Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- YHXISWVBGDMDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N moclobemide Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)NCCN1CCOCC1 YHXISWVBGDMDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021231 nutrient uptake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012628 principal component regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007637 random forest analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Landscapes
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Description
本発明は、河川水や地下水等の原水中に含まれるピコプランクトンを除去する浄水処理方法及び浄水処理装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a water purification method and a water purification device for removing picoplankton contained in raw water such as river water and groundwater.
河川水や地下水等の原水の水処理では、凝集沈殿処理や砂ろ過処理などの固液分離技術によって不溶解性成分である濁度成分や藻類等を除去する処理が行われている。原水を凝集ろ過するプロセスでは、種々の要因によって凝集阻害を起こす場合があるが、その一因として、ピコプランクトンの存在が近年問題になっている。ピコプランクトンは、0.2~2μmの大きさを持つプランクトンであり、ろ過水の濁度を上昇させる要因となることが報告されている(非特許文献1)。 In the treatment of raw water such as river water or groundwater, insoluble components such as turbidity components and algae are removed using solid-liquid separation techniques such as coagulation and sedimentation and sand filtration. In the process of coagulating and filtering raw water, coagulation inhibition can occur due to various factors, and one cause of this is the presence of picoplankton, which has become a problem in recent years. Picoplankton are plankton with sizes of 0.2 to 2 μm, and it has been reported that they increase the turbidity of filtered water (Non-Patent Document 1).
ピコプランクトンは、栄養摂取の仕組みから2つのグループに分類される。1つは、有機物を分解して、栄養源とする細菌が主体の従属栄養ピコプランクトンであり、もう1つは光合成を行う植物ピコプランクトンである。ピコプランクトンは、クロロフィルなどの色素を持ち、蛍光顕微鏡にて観察が可能であり、浄水処理の原水または処理水中に存在していることが確認されている。 Picoplankton are classified into two groups based on the mechanism of nutrient uptake. One is heterotrophic picoplankton, which are mainly composed of bacteria that break down organic matter and use it as a source of nutrition, and the other is plant picoplankton, which perform photosynthesis. Picoplankton contain pigments such as chlorophyll and can be observed under a fluorescent microscope. It has been confirmed that they are present in raw water or treated water in water purification treatment processes.
近年、厚生労働省は、水道水を介して発生したクリプトスポリジウムによる感染症への対応としてろ過水濁度0.1度以下での管理を指導してきている(非特許文献2参照)。そのため、各地の水道事業者は、ろ過水濁度を常時0.1度以下に管理することが、最も重要な水質管理項目の一つであると位置づけている。 In recent years, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has been instructing that filtered water turbidity be maintained at 0.1 degrees or less in response to infections caused by Cryptosporidium transmitted through tap water (see Non-Patent Document 2). For this reason, water suppliers in each region have positioned constant management of filtered water turbidity at 0.1 degrees or less as one of the most important water quality management items.
しかしながら、最近の全国各地の水道水源では、富栄養化に起因するピコプランクトンの大発生が頻発してきている。ピコプランクトンは、大きさが0.2~2μmと微小であるため、ろ過池より漏出して、ろ過水濁度を0.1度以上に上昇させる原因となる。水道事業体ではその処理対策に苦慮しているところである。 However, in recent years, there have been frequent outbreaks of picoplankton caused by eutrophication in tap water sources all over the country. Picoplankton are tiny, measuring just 0.2 to 2 μm in size, and leak out of filtration ponds, causing the turbidity of the filtered water to rise to 0.1 degrees or higher. Water utilities are currently struggling to come up with treatment measures.
処理対策として、ピコプランクトンは、生物由来の濁質であるため、塩素注入が有効な手段とされていた。しかしながら、塩素注入は、副生成物として発生するトリハロメタンが発がん性物質として健康問題となっていることから、塩素注入に替わるより安全な除去方法が求められている。 As picoplankton is a suspended solid of biological origin, chlorine injection has been considered an effective means of treatment. However, trihalomethanes, which are generated as a by-product of chlorine injection, are carcinogenic and pose a health problem, so a safer removal method that can replace chlorine injection is needed.
例えば、特開2014-240760号公報(特許文献1)には、水中に含まれる藻類の種類別の個数を計算する生物粒子計数方法及び生物粒子計数器が記載されている。しかしながら、特許文献1には、一般的な濁度の除去方法しか記載されておらず、ピコプランクトンやその除去に関する記載はない。 For example, JP 2014-240760 A (Patent Document 1) describes a biological particle counting method and a biological particle counter that calculate the number of different types of algae contained in water. However, Patent Document 1 only describes a general method for removing turbidity, and does not mention picoplankton or its removal.
特開2011-110504号公報(特許文献2)には、浄水処理自動連続式監視装置から得られた沈殿水濁度及びろ過水濁度の情報に基づき、浄水処理不良原因が微小プランクトンによるろ過障害か否かを判断し、微小プランクトンによるろ過障害と判断された時、凝集処理工程において凝集剤の自動注入を行う浄水プロセスの連続制御システムが開示されている。しかしながら、特許文献2には、微小プランクトンによるろ過障害の対処手段として凝集剤を自動注入する技術しか開示されていない。 JP 2011-110504 A (Patent Document 2) discloses a continuous control system for the water purification process that determines whether or not the cause of poor water purification is a filtration disorder caused by microplankton based on information on the turbidity of the precipitated water and the turbidity of the filtered water obtained from an automatic continuous water purification process monitoring device, and automatically injects a flocculant in the coagulation treatment process when it is determined that the filtration disorder is caused by microplankton. However, Patent Document 2 only discloses the technology of automatically injecting a flocculant as a means of dealing with filtration disorders caused by microplankton.
特開2004-195304号公報(特許文献3)には、ろ過池出口における被処理水(ろ過水)の濁度を測定し、検出された濁度に応じてろ過池入口に凝集剤を添加する凝集剤注入制御装置が開示されている。しかしながら、濁度の検出結果によるろ過池への凝集剤注入する技術であり、ピコプランクトンやその除去手段に関しては記載されていない。 JP 2004-195304 A (Patent Document 3) discloses a flocculant injection control device that measures the turbidity of the water to be treated (filtrate) at the outlet of the filter basin and adds a flocculant to the inlet of the filter basin according to the detected turbidity. However, this is a technology for injecting a flocculant into the filter basin based on the results of turbidity detection, and does not disclose picoplankton or the means for removing them.
特開2016-059867号公報(特許文献4)には、紫外線照射により、ピコプランクトン増殖を防止する浄水場における処理方法及びその設備の技術が開示されている。しかしながら、この発明では、紫外線照射をするための工程及び装置が必要となるため工数及びコストが増えるという問題がある。 JP 2016-059867 A (Patent Document 4) discloses a treatment method and equipment technology for use in water purification plants that uses ultraviolet light irradiation to prevent picoplankton proliferation. However, this invention has the problem of increasing labor hours and costs because it requires a process and equipment for ultraviolet light irradiation.
特開2006-007086号公報(特許文献5)には、凝集沈殿水処理方法及び装置に関する発明であり、凝集改良剤(凝集助剤)の特性と処理方法について記載されている。しかしながら、特許文献5には、ピコプランクトンやその除去手段についての記載はない。 JP 2006-007086 A (Patent Document 5) is an invention related to a method and device for treating water by coagulation and sedimentation, and describes the characteristics of a coagulation improver (coagulation aid) and the treatment method. However, Patent Document 5 does not mention picoplankton or the means for removing it.
特開2012-228673号公報(特許文献6)には、凝集改良剤(凝集助剤)による良好な微フロック形成について記載されている。しかしながら、ピコプランクトンやその除去手段については記載されていない。 JP 2012-228673 A (Patent Document 6) describes the formation of good microflocs using a flocculation improver (flocculation aid). However, it does not describe picoplankton or the means for removing them.
特許第3225266号公報(特許文献7)には、藻類を含む湖沼、河川水より工業用水等の清澄な水を得る方法について記載されており、ポリ塩化アルミニウムとポリジメチルジアリルアンモニウムクロライドとの混合物が一般の濁質成分と共に藻類の除去に顕著な効果を有することが記載されている。しかしながら、特許文献7には、ろ過池より漏出してろ過水濁度を上昇させる原因となるピコプランクトンに関する記載はなく、特許文献7の方法では、ピコプランクトンのような微細な粒子径を持つ藻類の除去効果は期待できない。 Patent Publication No. 3225266 (Patent Document 7) describes a method for obtaining clear water for industrial use from algae-containing lakes and rivers, and describes how a mixture of polyaluminum chloride and polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride is highly effective in removing algae as well as general turbidity components. However, Patent Document 7 does not mention picoplankton, which leaks from the filtration pond and causes an increase in the turbidity of the filtered water, and the method of Patent Document 7 cannot be expected to be effective in removing algae with fine particle sizes such as picoplankton.
上述したように、従来の処理技術のいずれも、原水中に含まれるピコプランクトンの発生による濁度上昇対策についてはまだ十分な検討がなされていないのが現状である。 As mentioned above, none of the conventional treatment technologies have been adequately studied to address the increase in turbidity caused by the occurrence of picoplankton in the raw water.
上記課題に鑑み、本発明は、ろ過水の濁度を上昇させる要因の一つとなるピコプランクトンを安全かつ効率良く除去することができ、安定して濁度の低いろ過水を得ることが可能な浄水処理方法及び浄水処理装置を提供する。 In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a water purification method and water purification device that can safely and efficiently remove picoplankton, which is one of the factors that increases the turbidity of filtered water, and can stably obtain filtered water with low turbidity.
上記課題を解決するために本発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、原水又はろ過水のピコプランクトン数に応じてピコプランクトン数を低減させるための所定の凝集剤を添加することが有効であるとの知見を得た。 As a result of intensive research conducted by the present inventors to solve the above problems, it was discovered that it is effective to add a specific flocculant to reduce the number of picoplankton in the raw water or filtered water according to the number of picoplankton.
以上の知見を基礎として完成した本発明の実施の形態は、一側面において、ピコプランクトンを含む原水に凝集剤を添加し、凝集剤添加後の処理水からろ過水を得るために処理水をろ過処理し、原水、処理水又はろ過水のピコプランクトン数を測定し、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、凝集剤の添加量を制御することを含み、ピコプランクトン数を低減させるための凝集剤として、塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加する浄水処理方法である。 One embodiment of the present invention, which has been completed based on the above findings, is a water purification method that includes, in one aspect, adding a coagulant to raw water containing picoplankton, filtering the treated water to obtain filtered water from the treated water after the addition of the coagulant, measuring the number of picoplankton in the raw water, treated water, or filtered water, and controlling the amount of coagulant added depending on the results of the picoplankton number measurement, and adding polyaluminum chloride with a basicity of 60% or more as a coagulant to reduce the number of picoplankton.
本発明の実施の形態に係る浄水処理方法は一実施態様において、凝集剤として、2種類以上の凝集剤を添加することを含み、少なくとも1種類の凝集剤がポリ塩化アルミニウムを含み、ピコプランクトン数に応じて、添加する凝集剤の種類及び供給を制御することを更に含む。 In one embodiment, the water purification method according to the present invention includes adding two or more types of flocculants, at least one of which includes polyaluminum chloride, and further includes controlling the type and supply of the flocculants to be added depending on the picoplankton count.
本発明の実施の形態に係る浄水処理方法は別の一実施態様において、ピコプランクトン数を低減させるための凝集剤を、ろ過処理に流入する処理水に対して添加することを含む。 In another embodiment of the water purification method according to the present invention, a flocculant for reducing the number of picoplankton is added to the treated water flowing into the filtration process.
本発明の実施の形態に係る浄水処理方法は更に別の一実施態様において、ろ過処理の運転条件と、ろ過水の水質情報と、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果との関係とを過去の実績に基づいて分析した分析情報に基づいて、ピコプランクトン数の将来の測定結果を予測し、予測結果に基づいて、ろ過水の濁度が基準値以下を維持するように凝集剤の添加量を決定することを更に含む。 In yet another embodiment of the water purification method according to the present invention, the method further includes predicting future measurement results of the picoplankton count based on analysis information obtained by analyzing the relationship between the operating conditions of the filtration process, the water quality information of the filtered water, and the measurement results of the picoplankton count based on past performance, and determining the amount of flocculant to be added based on the prediction result so as to maintain the turbidity of the filtered water at or below the standard value.
本発明の実施の形態は別の一側面において、ピコプランクトンを含む原水に凝集剤を添加する凝集剤添加手段と、原水中にフロックを形成させて凝集処理を行う凝集手段と、凝集処理後の処理水をろ過処理してろ過水を得るろ過手段と、原水、処理水又はろ過水のピコプランクトン数を測定可能な測定手段と、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、ピコプランクトン数を低減させるための凝集剤として塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加し、その添加量を制御する制御手段とを備えた浄水処理装置である。 In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention is a water purification treatment device that includes a flocculant adding means for adding a flocculant to raw water containing picoplankton, a flocculation means for forming flocs in the raw water and performing a flocculation treatment, a filtration means for filtering the treated water after the flocculation treatment to obtain filtered water, a measurement means for measuring the number of picoplankton in the raw water, the treated water, or the filtered water, and a control means for adding polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more as a flocculant to reduce the number of picoplankton according to the measurement results of the number of picoplankton, and controlling the amount of polyaluminum chloride added.
本発明の実施の形態に係る浄水処理装置は一実施態様において、凝集剤添加手段が、2種類以上の凝集剤を添加するための複数の供給経路を備え、供給経路のうちの一つがポリ塩化アルミニウムを供給するための経路であり、制御手段が、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、複数の供給経路による凝集剤の供給の切り替えを制御することを含む。 In one embodiment of the water purification treatment device according to the present invention, the flocculant addition means includes a plurality of supply paths for adding two or more types of flocculant, one of which is a path for supplying polyaluminum chloride, and the control means controls switching of the supply of flocculant through the plurality of supply paths in accordance with the results of the measurement of the picoplankton count.
本発明の実施の形態に係る浄水処理装置は別の一実施態様において、ポリ塩化アルミニウムを供給するための経路が、ろ過手段、固液分離後の処理水をろ過手段へ流入させるための流入配管、又は、原水中に形成されたフロックを沈降分離する沈殿槽の少なくともいずれかに接続されていることを含む。 In another embodiment of the water purification treatment device according to the present invention, the path for supplying polyaluminum chloride is connected to at least one of a filtration means, an inlet pipe for inflowing treated water after solid-liquid separation into the filtration means, or a settling tank for settling and separating flocs formed in the raw water.
本発明の実施の形態に係る浄水処理装置は更に別の一実施態様において、ろ過手段の運転条件、ろ過水の水質情報、及び測定手段によるろ過水のピコプランクトン数の測定結果を用いた機械学習を行うことにより将来のピコプランクトン数を予測し、予測結果に基づいて、ろ過水の濁度が基準値以下を維持するように、凝集剤の添加量を決定する凝集剤添加支援手段を更に備える。 In yet another embodiment, the water purification treatment device according to the present invention further includes a flocculant addition support means for predicting the future picoplankton count by performing machine learning using the operating conditions of the filtration means, water quality information of the filtered water, and the measurement results of the picoplankton count of the filtered water by the measurement means, and for determining the amount of flocculant to be added based on the prediction results so as to maintain the turbidity of the filtered water at or below a reference value.
本発明によれば、ろ過水の濁度を上昇させる要因の一つとなるピコプランクトンを、安全かつ効率良く除去することができ、安定して濁度の低いろ過水を得ることが可能な浄水処理方法及び浄水処理装置が提供できる。 The present invention provides a water purification method and water purification device that can safely and efficiently remove picoplankton, which is one of the factors that increases the turbidity of filtered water, and can stably produce filtered water with low turbidity.
以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施の形態を説明する。以下の図面の記載においては、同一又は類似の部分には同一又は類似の符号を付している。なお、以下に示す実施の形態は、この発明の技術的思想を具体化するための装置や方法を例示するものであって、この発明の技術的思想は構成部品の構造、配置等を下記のものに特定するものではない。 The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the drawings, identical or similar parts are given the same or similar reference numerals. Note that the embodiments shown below are examples of devices and methods for embodying the technical idea of this invention, and the technical idea of this invention does not specify the structure, arrangement, etc. of the components as described below.
(凝集処理方法)
本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る浄水処理方法は、図1に示すように、ピコプランクトンを含む原水に凝集剤を添加し、凝集剤添加後の処理水からろ過水を得るために処理水をろ過処理し、原水、処理水又はろ過水のピコプランクトン数を測定し、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、凝集剤の添加量を制御することを含む。
(Aggregation Treatment Method)
As shown in FIG. 1, a water purification method according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes adding a coagulant to raw water containing picoplankton, filtering the treated water to obtain filtered water from the treated water after the addition of the coagulant, measuring the number of picoplankton in the raw water, treated water or filtered water, and controlling the amount of coagulant to be added depending on the results of the measurement of the picoplankton number.
[凝集剤添加工程]
凝集剤添加工程では原水に凝集剤が添加される。原水としては、浄水処理に利用可能な原水であれば特に限定されない。例えば、水道原水として利用される河川水、湖沼水、貯留池水、雨水、伏流水、地下水、井戸などが、本実施形態に係る原水として好適に利用可能である。例えば、原水の濁度が100度以下、より典型的には20度以下、より更に典型的には2~10度程度の原水が利用される。原水は、典型的には、沈砂池や着水井を経て、凝集沈殿処理される。
[Flocculant addition step]
In the flocculant addition step, a flocculant is added to the raw water. The raw water is not particularly limited as long as it is usable for water purification treatment. For example, river water, lake water, reservoir water, rainwater, subsurface water, groundwater, wells, etc., which are used as raw water for water supply, can be suitably used as the raw water according to this embodiment. For example, raw water with a turbidity of 100 degrees or less, more typically 20 degrees or less, and even more typically about 2 to 10 degrees is used. The raw water is typically subjected to coagulation and sedimentation treatment through a grit chamber or a water receiving well.
本実施形態では、原水に添加される凝集剤として、原水中のピコプランクトン数を低減させるための凝集剤を用いる。ピコプランクトン数を低減させるための凝集剤としては、塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウム(PAC)溶液が用いられる。 In this embodiment, a flocculant for reducing the number of picoplankton in the raw water is used as the flocculant added to the raw water. A polyaluminum chloride (PAC) solution with a basicity of 60% or more is used as the flocculant for reducing the number of picoplankton.
ピコプランクトンの除去に用いられるPAC溶液の塩基度は、高いほど原水中における荷電中和能力を高くすることができ、微粒子の捕捉効果をより向上させることができる。また、同じ処理能力を維持する場合に、PAC溶液の塩基度が高いほど、添加率を低減させることができるため、処理効率が良く、経済的にも利点がある。本実施形態では、塩基度が65%以上、より好ましくは70%以上、更に好ましくは75%以上のPAC溶液を、原水に添加する凝集剤として利用することが好ましい。PAC溶液の塩基度は、高すぎると凝集性や凝集剤の安定性が損なわれる場合もある。塩基度の上限値に制限はないが、より安定した処理を行う上では、PAC溶液の塩基度は、90%以下、更には85%以下とすることが好ましい。 The higher the basicity of the PAC solution used to remove picoplankton, the higher the charge neutralization ability in the raw water and the more effective it is at capturing fine particles. In addition, when maintaining the same processing ability, the higher the basicity of the PAC solution, the lower the addition rate can be, which improves processing efficiency and is economically advantageous. In this embodiment, it is preferable to use a PAC solution with a basicity of 65% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and even more preferably 75% or more, as a flocculant to be added to the raw water. If the basicity of the PAC solution is too high, the flocculation properties and stability of the flocculant may be impaired. There is no upper limit to the basicity, but in order to perform more stable processing, it is preferable that the basicity of the PAC solution be 90% or less, and even more preferably 85% or less.
このような塩基度の高いPAC溶液(以下「高塩基度PAC」ともいう)は、例えば、Al2O3濃度5~17%、Cl/Al2O3(モル比)=1.80~3.60、SO4/Al2O3(モル比)=0~0.35でかつ塩基度が40~63%の塩基性塩化アルミニウム溶液を用意する。そして、この塩基性塩化アルミニウム溶液に、85℃以下の温度下で、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム等のアルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属の化合物を、M/Al2O3(モル比)=0.08~1.40(但し、Mはアルカリ金属のモル数および/又はアルカリ土類金属のモル数の2倍のモル数を表す。)となるように添加し、必要に応じてアルミニウム原料を更に添加して、65~85℃で0.5~2時間熟成を行うことによって製造することができる。 Such a highly basic PAC solution (hereinafter also referred to as "high basicity PAC") can be produced, for example, by preparing a basic aluminum chloride solution having an Al 2 O 3 concentration of 5-17%, Cl/Al 2 O 3 (molar ratio) = 1.80-3.60, SO 4 /Al 2 O 3 (molar ratio) = 0-0.35, and a basicity of 40-63%, and then adding an alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal compound such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate to this basic aluminum chloride solution at a temperature of 85°C or less so that M/Al 2 O 3 (molar ratio) = 0.08-1.40 (wherein M represents twice the number of moles of the alkali metal and/or the number of moles of the alkaline earth metal), further adding an aluminum raw material as necessary, and aging the solution at 65-85°C for 0.5-2 hours.
本実施形態によれば、凝集剤として塩基度が60%以上のPAC溶液を利用することにより、塩基度50%程度の一般的なPAC溶液を利用する場合に比べ、0.2~2μm程度の微細なピコプランクトンをより効果的に凝集させて原水から除去することができる。 According to this embodiment, by using a PAC solution with a basicity of 60% or more as a flocculant, fine picoplankton of about 0.2 to 2 μm in size can be more effectively flocculated and removed from the raw water compared to using a general PAC solution with a basicity of about 50%.
凝集剤としては、2種類以上の凝集剤を原水に添加することが好ましい。凝集剤としては、上述の高塩基度のPAC溶液(以下「高塩基度PAC」ともいう)以外に、例えば、塩基度が50~55%程度の一般的なPAC、硫酸アルミニウム(硫酸ばん土)、ポリ硫酸鉄等を、単独でまたは2種類以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。これら凝集剤は、水中の懸濁粒子やコロイド状物質の荷電を中和し、集塊して、フロックを形成させる架橋能力を有する薬剤である。 It is preferable to add two or more types of flocculants to the raw water. In addition to the high basicity PAC solution (hereinafter also referred to as "high basicity PAC") described above, other flocculants that can be used include, for example, general PAC with a basicity of about 50 to 55%, aluminum sulfate (aluminum sulfate), polyferrous sulfate, etc., either alone or in combination of two or more types. These flocculants are agents that have the ability to neutralize the charge of suspended particles and colloidal substances in the water, agglomerate them, and form flocs.
凝集処理におけるフロックの沈降分離性および急速ろ過池での捕捉性を改善し、径が大きく緻密で強固なフロックを形成させるための凝集助剤とよばれる薬剤を本実施形態に係る凝集剤として更に添加することもできる。このような凝集助剤としては、フロック形成助剤、アルカリ剤、活性ケイ酸、アルギン酸、有機凝集助剤、高分子凝集剤、凝集改良剤などが使用できる。高分子凝集剤は、重液中の粒子の表面電荷等を考慮し、カチオン系高分子凝集剤、アニオン系高分子凝集剤、及びノニオン系高分子凝集剤のいずれか又は複数を適宜選択して使用することが好ましい。 A chemical called a flocculation aid can be added as the flocculant according to this embodiment to improve the sedimentation and capture of flocs in the flocculation treatment and in the rapid filtration basin, and to form large-diameter, dense, and strong flocs. Examples of such flocculation aids that can be used include floc formation aids, alkaline agents, activated silicic acid, alginic acid, organic flocculation aids, polymer flocculants, and flocculation improvers. As the polymer flocculant, it is preferable to appropriately select one or more of cationic polymer flocculants, anionic polymer flocculants, and nonionic polymer flocculants, taking into consideration the surface charge of the particles in the heavy liquid.
凝集剤の添加量は、選択された凝集剤の塩基度に応じて適宜選択される。通常は、凝集剤の添加量は1~50mg/Lである。後述する制御工程においては、この範囲で凝集剤の添加量及び種類の制御を行うことができる。 The amount of flocculant added is selected appropriately depending on the basicity of the selected flocculant. Typically, the amount of flocculant added is 1 to 50 mg/L. In the control process described below, the amount and type of flocculant added can be controlled within this range.
[凝集処理工程]
凝集剤が添加された原水は、凝集処理される。例えば、原水に凝集剤が添加され、混和槽で撹拌混合してフロックを形成させた後、フロック形成槽で原水中に形成されたフロックを粗大化させる。凝集処理で得られた処理水は、必要に応じて沈殿池においてフロックを固液分離した後に、ろ過工程へ送られる。
[Aggregation treatment step]
The raw water to which the coagulant has been added is subjected to coagulation treatment. For example, the coagulant is added to the raw water, and the raw water is stirred and mixed in a mixing tank to form flocs, and then the flocs formed in the raw water are coarsened in a flocculation tank. The treated water obtained by the coagulation treatment is sent to a filtration process after solid-liquid separation of the flocs in a settling tank as necessary.
[ろ過工程]
ろ過工程では、凝集剤が添加された処理水をろ過処理する。ろ過処理の方法は、従来から行われている方法を使用することができ、一般に、砂ろ過が使用される。
[Filtration process]
In the filtration step, the treated water to which the coagulant has been added is filtered. The filtration method may be a conventional method, and generally, sand filtration is used.
[微粒子測定工程]
微粒子測定工程では、原水およびろ過水に含まれる微粒子数を測定することにより、微粒子に含まれるピコプランクトン数を測定する。本実施形態において、微粒子とは、粒径0.1μm~数百μmである粒子をいう。微粒子測定工程では、その微粒子のうち粒径0.2μm~2.0μmのピコプランクトンの数を測定する。ピコプランクトンは、微小プランクトン、植物プランクトン、小型プランクトン、小型藻類、藻類の生物粒子などを総称する用語である。
[Particle measurement process]
In the particulate measurement process, the number of particulates contained in the raw water and the filtrate is measured, thereby measuring the number of picoplankton contained in the particulates. In this embodiment, particulates refer to particles with a particle size of 0.1 μm to several hundred μm. In the particulate measurement process, the number of picoplankton with a particle size of 0.2 μm to 2.0 μm among the particulates is measured. Picoplankton is a general term that refers to microplankton, phytoplankton, small plankton, small algae, and biological particles of algae.
本実施形態において、ピコプランクトンの粒径は、ピコプランクトンの最小長さをいう。また、あらゆるサイズの微粒子の中から0.2μm~2.0μmのピコプランクトンのみを抽出する方法として、0.2μmの開口サイズを有するフィルター及び2.0μmの開口サイズを有するフィルターを使用し、それらに原水またはろ過水を通すことによって行うことができる。 In this embodiment, the particle size of picoplankton refers to the minimum length of the picoplankton. In addition, a method for extracting only picoplankton with a size between 0.2 μm and 2.0 μm from among fine particles of all sizes can be performed by passing raw water or filtered water through a filter with an opening size of 0.2 μm and a filter with an opening size of 2.0 μm.
微粒子測定工程においてピコプランクトン数を計測するために使用される方法としては、例えば、蛍光顕微鏡による蛍光測定を使用することができる。蛍光測定では、ピコプランクトンに含まれるクロロフィルが発する蛍光を測定することによって、ピコプランクトンの存在が確認され、その存在数をカウンターによって計数する。微粒子測定工程では、ピコプランクトン数の計測と同じタイミングで原水及びろ過水の濁度の測定を行うことがより好適である。濁度の測定は、従来から使用されている濁度計で行うことができる。 The method used to measure the number of picoplankton in the fine particle measurement process can be, for example, fluorescence measurement using a fluorescence microscope. In fluorescence measurement, the presence of picoplankton is confirmed by measuring the fluorescence emitted by the chlorophyll contained in the picoplankton, and the number of picoplankton present is counted using a counter. In the fine particle measurement process, it is more preferable to measure the turbidity of the raw water and the filtered water at the same time as measuring the number of picoplankton. Turbidity can be measured using a conventional turbidity meter.
[制御工程]
制御工程では、微粒子測定工程において測定されたピコプランクトン数に基づいて、凝集剤の添加量を調節する制御を行う。例えば、原水、処理水またはろ過水中のピコプランクトン数が107~103cells/mLの範囲内の所定値以上である時に、凝集剤の添加量を増加させるような添加量の制御を行うことが好ましい。凝集剤の添加量を増加させた結果ピコプランクトン数の測定結果が減少した場合、凝集剤の添加量を減少させるなどの制御をすることも好ましい。本実施形態において「cells/mL」という単位は、原水またはろ過水1mL当たりのピコプランクトン数を指す。
[Control process]
In the control step, the amount of flocculant added is adjusted based on the picoplankton count measured in the fine particle measurement step. For example, when the picoplankton count in the raw water, treated water, or filtered water is equal to or greater than a predetermined value within the range of 10 7 to 10 3 cells/mL, it is preferable to control the amount of flocculant added so as to increase it. If the measurement result of the picoplankton count decreases as a result of increasing the amount of flocculant added, it is also preferable to control the amount of flocculant added so as to decrease it. In this embodiment, the unit "cells/mL" refers to the number of picoplankton per 1 mL of raw water or filtered water.
更に具体的には、原水、処理水またはろ過水中のピコプランクトン数107~2×103cells/mLの範囲内で、且つ、濁度が0.1度以下のろ過水が得られるピコプランクトン数を閾値として設定し、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果が閾値以上の時に、ピコプランクトン数を低減させるための凝集剤の添加量を増加させる制御が行われることが好ましい。 More specifically, it is preferable to set a threshold value for the picoplankton count in the raw water, treated water, or filtered water within the range of 10 to 2 x 10 cells/mL and for obtaining filtered water with a turbidity of 0.1 degrees or less, and to control the addition of an increased amount of flocculant to reduce the picoplankton count when the measured picoplankton count is equal to or greater than the threshold value.
ピコプランクトン数の閾値は、浄水場で得られるろ過水の濁度との関係に応じて設定することができる。例えば、ある浄水場では、ろ過水のピコプランクトン数が2×105cells/mLである場合に、濁度が0.1度以下となることが既知であるとする。このような場合、凝集剤を添加するためのピコプランクトンの閾値を2×105cells/mLとし、測定されたピコプランクトン数が閾値以上の場合に、凝集剤の添加量を増加させる制御を行うことで、ろ過水の濁度を0.1度以下に管理することが容易となる。 The threshold value of the picoplankton count can be set according to its relationship with the turbidity of the filtered water obtained at a water purification plant. For example, it is known that in a certain water purification plant, when the picoplankton count of the filtered water is 2×10 5 cells/mL, the turbidity is 0.1 degrees or less. In such a case, the threshold value of the picoplankton for adding a flocculant is set to 2×10 5 cells/mL, and when the measured picoplankton count is equal to or greater than the threshold value, the amount of flocculant added is increased, thereby making it easy to manage the turbidity of the filtered water to 0.1 degrees or less.
ピコプランクトン数の測定は、原水、処理水またはろ過水のいずれ1か所以上を測定すればよいが、中でも特に、ろ過水の微粒子数を測定することが好ましい。ろ過水の濁度の変化に直接影響し得るろ過水のピコプランクトン数を直接測定することで、ろ過水中の濁度を安定して低い値に維持するという目標を確実に達成することができる。 The picoplankton count can be measured in one or more of the raw water, treated water, or filtered water, but it is particularly preferable to measure the number of particles in the filtered water. By directly measuring the picoplankton count in the filtered water, which can directly affect changes in the turbidity of the filtered water, the goal of maintaining the turbidity of the filtered water at a stable low value can be reliably achieved.
制御工程では、凝集剤の添加量の制御に加え、凝集剤の種類及び供給を、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて制御することがより好ましい。例えば、上述の高塩基度PACと併用して、通常塩基度のPAC、フロック形成助剤、アルカリ剤、活性ケイ酸、アルギン酸、有機凝集助剤、高分子凝集剤、凝集改良剤などを添加するとともに、これら凝集剤の種類を、原水、処理水またはろ過水の性状に応じて、適宜組み合わせて使用することもできる。 In the control process, in addition to controlling the amount of flocculant added, it is more preferable to control the type and supply of the flocculant according to the results of the picoplankton count measurement. For example, in combination with the high basicity PAC described above, normal basicity PAC, flocculation aids, alkaline agents, active silicic acid, alginic acid, organic flocculation aids, polymer flocculants, flocculation improvers, etc. can be added, and these types of flocculants can be used in appropriate combinations depending on the properties of the raw water, treated water, or filtered water.
例えば、通常運転時は、通常塩基度のPACを1~50mg/Lを使用し、ろ過水の濁度が高濁度の時にはそれ以上の添加量で添加する。微粒子測定工程で、難凝集性のピコプランクトン濃度が上昇する傾向にあることが分かった場合には、塩基度が60%以上の高塩基度PACを所定の添加量となるように更に添加する。或いは、凝集剤の供給を切り替え、通常塩基度のPACの代わりに同様な添加量で高塩基度PACを添加する。 For example, during normal operation, 1 to 50 mg/L of PAC with normal basicity is used, and a larger amount is added when the filtrate water is highly turbid. If it is found during the fine particle measurement process that the concentration of non-flocculating picoplankton is tending to increase, then high basicity PAC with a basicity of 60% or more is further added to reach the specified amount. Alternatively, the supply of flocculant is switched, and a similar amount of high basicity PAC is added in place of the PAC with normal basicity.
制御工程では、凝集剤の添加位置も制御することができる。例えば、ピコプランクトン数の増減に応じて、凝集剤を、凝集処理前だけでなく凝集処理後のろ過池の流入配管やろ過池上部等の任意の位置、或いは沈殿槽等に添加するように制御することができる。これにより、ピコプランクトンの低減をより効果的に行うことができる。 In the control process, the location of addition of the flocculant can also be controlled. For example, depending on the increase or decrease in the number of picoplankton, the flocculant can be controlled to be added to any location, such as the inlet pipe of the filtration basin or the top of the filtration basin, or to the settling tank, not only before the flocculation treatment but also after the flocculation treatment. This makes it possible to reduce picoplankton more effectively.
本発明の実施の形態に係る浄水処理方法によれば、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、ピコプランクトン数を低減させるための凝集剤として、塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加する。そのため、急激な原水の性状変動により、富栄養化に起因するピコプランクトンの大発生が生じたとしても、ピコプランクトンを安全かつ効率良く除去することができ、安定して濁度の低いろ過水を得ることが可能となる。 According to the water purification method of the embodiment of the present invention, polyaluminum chloride with a basicity of 60% or more is added as a flocculant to reduce the picoplankton count according to the results of the picoplankton count measurement. Therefore, even if a sudden change in the properties of the raw water causes a large outbreak of picoplankton due to eutrophication, the picoplankton can be safely and efficiently removed, making it possible to obtain stably low-turbidity filtered water.
(浄水処理装置)
本発明の実施の形態に係る浄水処理装置は、図2に示すように、ピコプランクトンを含む原水に凝集剤を添加する凝集剤添加手段1と、原水中にフロックを形成させて凝集処理を行う凝集手段2と、凝集処理後の処理水をろ過処理してろ過水を得るろ過手段3と、原水、処理水又はろ過水のピコプランクトン数を測定可能な測定手段4と、制御手段5とを備える。
(Water purification treatment equipment)
As shown in FIG. 2, the water purification treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a flocculant addition means 1 that adds a flocculant to raw water containing picoplankton, a flocculation means 2 that performs a flocculation treatment by forming flocs in the raw water, a filtration means 3 that filters the treated water after the flocculation treatment to obtain filtered water, a measurement means 4 that can measure the number of picoplankton in the raw water, the treated water, or the filtered water, and a control means 5.
凝集剤添加手段1は、原水、凝集処理後の処理水、またはろ過水に凝集剤を添加することが可能な装置である。凝集剤添加手段1は、原水に2種類以上の凝集剤を添加するための複数の供給経路11、12を備えることが好ましい。供給経路11、12の数は、凝集剤の種類に応じて適宜変更できる。但し、供給経路11、12のうちの一の供給経路12が、高塩基度PACを供給するための経路であることが好ましい。 The flocculant adding means 1 is a device capable of adding a flocculant to raw water, treated water after flocculation treatment, or filtered water. The flocculant adding means 1 preferably includes a plurality of supply paths 11, 12 for adding two or more types of flocculants to the raw water. The number of supply paths 11, 12 can be changed as appropriate depending on the type of flocculant. However, it is preferable that one of the supply paths 11, 12 is a path for supplying high basicity PAC.
高塩基度PACを供給するための供給経路12は、ろ過手段3に、又は、凝集手段2からの処理水をろ過手段3へ流入させるための流入配管31に接続されることが好ましい。供給経路12がろ過手段3又は流入配管31に接続されることにより、凝集後の原水に比べて濁度の低い処理水に対して、ピコプランクトンを効果的に低減させるための処理を重点的に行うことができるため、ろ過水の濁度をより効果的に低減することができる。供給経路12は沈殿槽22に接続されてもよい。 The supply path 12 for supplying the high basicity PAC is preferably connected to the filtration means 3 or to an inlet pipe 31 for inflowing the treated water from the flocculation means 2 into the filtration means 3. By connecting the supply path 12 to the filtration means 3 or the inlet pipe 31, treatment for effectively reducing picoplankton can be focused on the treated water, which has a lower turbidity than the raw water after flocculation, so that the turbidity of the filtered water can be more effectively reduced. The supply path 12 may be connected to a settling tank 22.
凝集手段2は、典型的には、混和槽及びフロック形成槽等から構成される凝集槽21と、原水中に形成されたフロックを沈降分離するための沈殿池等から構成される沈殿槽22とを備えることができるが、上述の構成に限らない。例えば、凝集処理を複数槽に分けずに、単一槽の凝集槽で実施するような構成でもよい。固液分離が不要な場合は沈殿槽22を省略できる。ろ過手段3としては、典型的には、砂ろ過装置を用いることができるが、膜濾過装置等の公知の他のろ過装置を利用することができる。 The flocculation means 2 can typically include a flocculation tank 21 composed of a mixing tank and a floc formation tank, etc., and a sedimentation tank 22 composed of a settling tank, etc., for settling and separating flocs formed in the raw water, but is not limited to the above configuration. For example, the flocculation treatment may be performed in a single flocculation tank rather than divided into multiple tanks. If solid-liquid separation is not required, the sedimentation tank 22 can be omitted. As the filtration means 3, a sand filter can typically be used, but other known filtration devices such as a membrane filter can also be used.
測定手段4としては、粒径0.2μm~2.0μmのピコプランクトン数を測定可能な機器であれば特に限定されない。例えば、蛍光測定を利用した蛍光顕微鏡等を用いることでピコプランクトン数をより簡易且つ正確に測定することが可能となる。例えば、測定対象とする原水、処理水又はろ過水に対し、植物ピコプランクトンを含む生物粒子を測定可能なカウンタを利用することができる。なお、図示していないが、測定手段4として、原水、処理水、ろ過水の濁度、水温、pH等の水質を測定するための測定装置を更に備え、原水、処理水、ろ過水の測定結果が制御手段5へ出力されるように構成されていることが好ましい。 The measuring means 4 is not particularly limited as long as it is an instrument capable of measuring the number of picoplankton with particle sizes between 0.2 μm and 2.0 μm. For example, the number of picoplankton can be measured more easily and accurately by using a fluorescence microscope or the like that utilizes fluorescence measurement. For example, a counter capable of measuring biological particles including phytopicoplankton can be used for the raw water, treated water, or filtered water to be measured. Although not shown, the measuring means 4 is preferably further equipped with a measuring device for measuring the water quality such as turbidity, water temperature, and pH of the raw water, treated water, and filtered water, and is configured so that the measurement results of the raw water, treated water, and filtered water are output to the control means 5.
制御手段5は、測定手段4及び凝集剤添加手段1に接続されており、測定手段4及び凝集剤添加手段1を制御するための制御信号を出力するように構成されている。制御手段5は、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、ピコプランクトン数を低減させるための凝集剤として添加される高塩基度PAC、およびその他の凝集剤の添加量の制御、添加位置の制御及び添加する凝集剤の切り替え制御を行う。 The control means 5 is connected to the measurement means 4 and the flocculant addition means 1, and is configured to output a control signal for controlling the measurement means 4 and the flocculant addition means 1. The control means 5 controls the amount of high basicity PAC and other flocculants added as flocculants to reduce the picoplankton count, controls the addition position, and controls the switching of the flocculants to be added, depending on the measurement results of the picoplankton count.
本発明の実施の形態に係る浄水処理装置によれば、原水、処理水又はろ過水のピコプランクトン数を測定可能な測定手段4と、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、凝集剤の添加量を制御する制御手段5とを備えることにより、ろ過水の濁度を上昇させる要因の一つとなるピコプランクトンをより適切に検知できるため、ピコプランクトンの増加による濁度の上昇が生じ得る場合に適切な処理を行うことができる。その結果、安定して濁度の低いろ過水を得ることができる。 The water purification treatment device according to the embodiment of the present invention is equipped with a measuring means 4 capable of measuring the number of picoplankton in raw water, treated water, or filtered water, and a control means 5 for controlling the amount of flocculant added depending on the results of the picoplankton number measurement, so that picoplankton, which is one of the factors that increases the turbidity of the filtered water, can be more appropriately detected, and appropriate treatment can be performed when an increase in picoplankton may cause an increase in turbidity. As a result, filtered water with a stable low turbidity can be obtained.
(変形例)
本発明の実施の形態の変形例に係る浄水処理装置は、図3に示すように、将来の原水、処理水又はろ過水のピコプランクトン数を予測し、予測結果に基づいて凝集剤の添加量を決定する凝集剤添加支援手段6を更に備える点が、図2に示す浄水処理装置と異なる。
(Modification)
As shown in Figure 3, the water purification treatment device of a modified embodiment of the present invention differs from the water purification treatment device shown in Figure 2 in that it further includes a flocculant addition support means 6 that predicts the future picoplankton count in the raw water, treated water, or filtered water, and determines the amount of flocculant to be added based on the prediction results.
凝集剤添加支援手段6は、測定手段4及び制御手段5に接続されている。凝集剤添加支援手段6は必ずしも制御手段5と隣接して配置される必要はなく、ネットワーク等を介して図3の浄水処理装置とは異なる場所に設置されていてもよいし、汎用のコンピュータ内に、プログラム等の形式で格納されていてもよい。 The flocculant addition support means 6 is connected to the measurement means 4 and the control means 5. The flocculant addition support means 6 does not necessarily need to be located adjacent to the control means 5, and may be installed in a location different from the water purification treatment device in FIG. 3 via a network or the like, or may be stored in a general-purpose computer in the form of a program or the like.
凝集剤添加支援手段6は、ろ過処理の運転条件と、ろ過水の水質情報と、ピコプランクトン数の測定結果との関係とを、過去の実績に基づいて分析した分析情報に基づいて、ろ過水の濁度が基準値以下を維持するように凝集剤の添加量を決定する。 The flocculant addition support means 6 determines the amount of flocculant to be added so that the turbidity of the filtered water is maintained below the standard value, based on analysis information obtained by analyzing the relationship between the operating conditions of the filtration process, the water quality information of the filtered water, and the measurement results of the picoplankton count, based on past performance.
ろ過処理の運転情報には、原水又は流入水(凝集水)の水質情報(温度、導電率、pH、有機物濃度、濁度等)、ろ過装置の装置運転条件(ろ材の材質、粒径、ろ層の高さ、圧力、流量、ろ過時間、ろ過抵抗等)が含まれる。ろ過処理の運転情報には、ろ過装置の洗浄タイミング等のメンテナンス情報等が含まれているとなおよい。 The operation information for the filtration process includes water quality information (temperature, conductivity, pH, organic matter concentration, turbidity, etc.) of the raw water or influent water (flocculated water), and the operating conditions of the filtration device (material of the filter media, particle size, height of the filter layer, pressure, flow rate, filtration time, filtration resistance, etc.). It is even better if the operation information for the filtration process includes maintenance information such as the timing of cleaning the filtration device.
ろ過水の水質情報には、水の水温、pH、アルミなどの金属類の濃度、COD、BOD等の有機物の情報、透過水の導電率、ピコプランクトン数等の情報が含まれる。ろ過処理の運転状況とろ過水の水質条件とに加えて、凝集剤の注入制御データがろ過処理の運転情報に含まれることが好ましい。 The water quality information of the filtered water includes the water temperature, pH, concentration of metals such as aluminum, information on organic matter such as COD and BOD, conductivity of the permeate, picoplankton count, etc. In addition to the operating status of the filtration process and the water quality conditions of the filtered water, it is preferable that the operating information of the filtration process includes coagulant injection control data.
沈殿池での平均的なピコプランクトンの除去率は70%程度であるといわれており、ピコプランクトンの発生数によってはろ過処理で除去しきれない場合がある。例えば、水温が20℃を超え、濁度が10度未満、原水pHが7.5を超えるような場合に、原水中のピコプランクトン濃度が高くなっている場合がある。そのため、一般的な浄水処理では、ろ過水中のピコプランクトンが除去しきれず、ピコプランクトンの増加によるろ過水の濁度の上昇の可能性が高くなる場合もある。操作者は、例えば、過去の原水の濁度、水温、有機物濃度、ピコプランクトン数と、ろ過水の濁度、水温及びピコプランクトン数のデータを用いて、凝集剤の種類及び注入率の関係に基づいて、ろ過水のピコプランクトン数を予測するための分析情報を作製し、ろ過水のピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じた凝集剤の添加率を決定するための関係式を予め作製しておく。例えば、将来ピコプランクトンの増加が予測されるような条件、例えば、上述の温度、濁度、原水pHの少なくともいずれかが一定時間以上続く場合に、凝集剤の添加率を段階的に増加させていくような関係式を作製する。そして、関係式とろ過水のピコプランクトン数の測定結果を凝集剤添加支援手段6が利用することで、ろ過水の濁度が基準値以下を安定して維持するように、凝集剤の添加量を決定することができる。 The average removal rate of picoplankton in a settling tank is said to be about 70%, and depending on the number of picoplankton generated, it may not be possible to remove it completely by filtration. For example, when the water temperature exceeds 20°C, the turbidity is less than 10°C, and the raw water pH exceeds 7.5, the picoplankton concentration in the raw water may be high. Therefore, in general water purification treatment, the picoplankton in the filtered water may not be completely removed, and the turbidity of the filtered water may increase due to an increase in picoplankton. The operator uses, for example, past data on the turbidity, water temperature, organic matter concentration, and picoplankton count of the raw water and the turbidity, water temperature, and picoplankton count of the filtered water to create analytical information for predicting the number of picoplankton in the filtered water based on the relationship between the type and injection rate of the coagulant, and prepares in advance a relational equation for determining the addition rate of the coagulant according to the measurement results of the number of picoplankton in the filtered water. For example, a relational equation is created that gradually increases the flocculant addition rate when conditions that predict a future increase in picoplankton, such as at least one of the above-mentioned temperature, turbidity, and raw water pH, continue for a certain period of time or more.The flocculant addition support means 6 then uses the relational equation and the measurement results of the number of picoplankton in the filtered water, and can determine the amount of flocculant to be added so that the turbidity of the filtered water is stably maintained below the reference value.
ピコプランクトン数の予測は、人工知能(AI)を用いた機械学習機能を利用することによって更に精度良く予測することができる。例えば、凝集剤添加支援手段6は、浄水処理装置の運転制御に必要な情報を記憶可能な記憶装置と、入力装置と、出力装置と、通信手段とを備えるコンピュータシステムで構成され、ネットワークを介して、別の浄水処理装置又はサーバと通信可能に接続されてもよい。そして、凝集剤添加支援手段6が作製する学習済みモデル、或いはサーバ又は別の浄水処理装置に記録された各種情報を互いに共有できるように構成されていてもよい。 The prediction of the picoplankton count can be made more accurate by utilizing a machine learning function using artificial intelligence (AI). For example, the flocculant addition support means 6 is composed of a computer system equipped with a storage device capable of storing information necessary for operation control of the water purification treatment device, an input device, an output device, and a communication means, and may be connected to another water purification treatment device or a server via a network so as to be able to communicate with each other. The learned model created by the flocculant addition support means 6, or various information recorded in the server or another water purification treatment device, may be configured to be able to be shared with each other.
例えば、図4に示すように、凝集剤添加支援手段6は、取得部61と、学習部62と、モデル記憶部63と、予測部64と、決定部65と、出力部66とを備えることができる。取得部61は、例えば図5に示すように、過去の原水の水質情報を示す原水水質データ、凝集剤の種類及びその注入率を示す凝集剤注入データ、ろ過時間、ろ過抵抗、流量、導電率、温度等を含む運転データ、pH、濁度、COD、ピコプランクトン数などのろ過水水質情報を含むろ過水データを取得する。取得部61は更に、水処理装置の運転時に得られる各測定装置(時間、温度計、pH計、ろ過抵抗圧力計、流量計、導電率計等)の測定結果を取得することにより、浄水処理装置の運転情報を取得する。 For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the flocculant addition support means 6 can include an acquisition unit 61, a learning unit 62, a model storage unit 63, a prediction unit 64, a determination unit 65, and an output unit 66. As shown in FIG. 5, for example, the acquisition unit 61 acquires raw water quality data indicating past raw water quality information, flocculant injection data indicating the type of flocculant and its injection rate, operation data including filtration time, filtration resistance, flow rate, conductivity, temperature, etc., and filtered water data including filtered water quality information such as pH, turbidity, COD, and picoplankton count. The acquisition unit 61 further acquires operation information of the water purification treatment device by acquiring measurement results of each measuring device (time, thermometer, pH meter, filtration resistance pressure meter, flow meter, conductivity meter, etc.) obtained during operation of the water treatment device.
学習部62は、取得部61が取得した情報に基づき、所定の機械学習アルゴリズムを用いた機械学習により、本浄水処理装置の学習済みモデルを作製する。機械学習アルゴリズムとしては、例えば、PCR法(主成分回帰法)、PLS法(部分最小二乗法)、SVR法(サポートベクター回帰法)、ARIMA、LSTM、ニューラルネットワーク(ANNやRNN)法、ランダムフォレスト法、又は決定木法等を用いた解析ツールを適宜選択して使用することができる。 The learning unit 62 creates a trained model of the water purification treatment device by machine learning using a predetermined machine learning algorithm based on the information acquired by the acquisition unit 61. As the machine learning algorithm, for example, an analysis tool using the PCR method (principal component regression method), the PLS method (partial least squares method), the SVR method (support vector regression method), the ARIMA, the LSTM, the neural network (ANN or RNN) method, the random forest method, or the decision tree method can be appropriately selected and used.
機械学習モデルのパラメータ、例えばニューラルネットワーク法における層の数及び各層のニューロンの数については特に限定されないが、例えば、各層のニューロンの数を1~50、更には1~30とすることができ、層の数を1以上、更には1~4層とすることができる。このようにして作製された学習済みモデルは、所定の説明変数を受け取り、所定の目的変数を出力するように構成される。 The parameters of the machine learning model, for example the number of layers in the neural network method and the number of neurons in each layer, are not particularly limited, but for example the number of neurons in each layer can be 1 to 50, or even 1 to 30, and the number of layers can be 1 or more, or even 1 to 4. The trained model created in this way is configured to receive a specified explanatory variable and output a specified objective variable.
例えば、ニューラルネットワーク法を利用する場合は、過去の原水の水質情報を示す原水水質データ、凝集剤の種類及びその注入率を示す凝集剤注入データ、ろ過時間、ろ過抵抗、流量、導電率、温度等を含む運転データ、pH、濁度、COD、ピコプランクトン数などのろ過水水質情報を含むろ過水データ、過去の気温を含む気象条件データと、過去のピコプランクトン数の測定結果を入力層に入力し、所定時間後(例えば数分から数時間)の将来のろ過水のピコプランクトン数を含む微粒子数を、出力層から出力するように構成する。これら入力層に入力するデータと出力層から出力するデータとが紐づけられたデータを用いた教師あり学習によってニューラルネットワークのニューロン間の重み付け係数を最適化していく。学習済みモデルは、モデル記憶部63に記憶される。 For example, when using the neural network method, raw water quality data indicating past water quality information of raw water, flocculant injection data indicating the type of flocculant and its injection rate, operation data including filtration time, filtration resistance, flow rate, conductivity, temperature, etc., filtered water data including filtered water quality information such as pH, turbidity, COD, picoplankton count, weather condition data including past air temperature, and past picoplankton count measurement results are input to the input layer, and the number of particles including the picoplankton count of future filtered water after a predetermined time (for example, several minutes to several hours) is output from the output layer. The weighting coefficients between the neurons of the neural network are optimized by supervised learning using data linked to the data input to the input layer and the data output from the output layer. The learned model is stored in the model storage unit 63.
予測部64は、学習部62が作製した学習済みモデルを用いて、浄水処理システムの原水、処理水又はろ過水の将来のピコプランクトン数を少なくとも予測する。例えば、予測部64は、取得部61が取得した水処理装置の運転時に得られる各測定装置の測定結果を学習モデルの入力層に入力し、所定時間後のろ過水のピコプランクトン数を出力層から出力する。 The prediction unit 64 uses the trained model created by the learning unit 62 to at least predict the future picoplankton count of the raw water, treated water, or filtered water of the water purification system. For example, the prediction unit 64 inputs the measurement results of each measuring device obtained during operation of the water treatment device acquired by the acquisition unit 61 into the input layer of the learning model, and outputs the picoplankton count of the filtered water after a predetermined time from the output layer.
決定部65は、予測部64の予測結果に従い、ろ過水の濁度が基準値以下を維持するように、過去のデータに基づいて、最適な凝集剤の添加量を決定する。出力部66は、決定部65が決定した最適な凝集剤の組み合わせ及びその添加量の制御情報を、制御手段5に出力する。 The determination unit 65 determines the optimal amount of flocculant to be added based on past data so as to maintain the turbidity of the filtered water below the reference value according to the prediction result of the prediction unit 64. The output unit 66 outputs control information on the optimal combination of flocculants and the amounts to be added determined by the determination unit 65 to the control means 5.
本発明の実施の形態の変形例に係る浄水処理方法によれば、原水、処理水又はろ過水のピコプランクトン数を測定し、所定時間経過後のピコプランクトン数を予測することにより、その予測結果に基づいて、ピコプランクトン数が増加する場合にはピコプランクトン数を低減させるための適切な凝集剤を添加することができる。これにより、ろ過水の濁度を上昇させる要因の一つとなるピコプランクトンを、安全かつ効率良く除去することができ、安定して濁度の低いろ過水を得ることができる。 According to the water purification method according to the modified embodiment of the present invention, the number of picoplankton in the raw water, treated water, or filtered water is measured, and the number of picoplankton after a predetermined time has elapsed is predicted. Based on the prediction result, if the number of picoplankton increases, an appropriate flocculant can be added to reduce the number of picoplankton. This makes it possible to safely and efficiently remove picoplankton, which is one of the factors that increases the turbidity of the filtered water, and to obtain stably low-turbidity filtered water.
本発明は上記の実施の形態によって記載したが、この開示の一部をなす論述及び図面はこの発明を限定するものであると理解すべきではない。即ち、本開示は、上述の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を相互に組み合わせ、変形して具体化できることは勿論である。 The present invention has been described using the above embodiments, but the descriptions and drawings that form part of this disclosure should not be understood as limiting this invention. In other words, this disclosure is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and it goes without saying that the components can be combined and modified to be embodied within the scope of the gist of the disclosure.
以下に本発明の実施例を比較例と共に示すが、これらの実施例は本発明及びその利点をよりよく理解するために提供するものであり、発明が限定されることを意図するものではない。 The following examples of the present invention are presented together with comparative examples, but these examples are provided to provide a better understanding of the present invention and its advantages, and are not intended to limit the invention.
(実施例1)
図6に示す処理フローに沿って浄水処理を行った。凝集槽へは通常塩基度のPACを添加し、沈殿槽で固液分離して得られた処理水に対して砂ろ過処理を行い、ろ過水を得た。凝集槽の通常塩基度のPAC添加量が30mg/Lのとき、ろ過池の濁度は0.08度、ピコプランクトン濃度が106cells/mLまで上昇したため、ろ過池の前段で塩基度が65%以上85%以下のポリ塩化アルミニウム(PAC)溶液を5mg/L添加する制御を実施したところ、24時間後のろ過水の濁度は0.02度、ピコプランクトン濃度が104cells/mLまで低下した。
Example 1
Water purification was carried out according to the treatment flow shown in Figure 6. PAC of normal basicity was added to the coagulation tank, and the treated water obtained by solid-liquid separation in the settling tank was subjected to sand filtration to obtain filtrate. When the amount of PAC of normal basicity added to the coagulation tank was 30 mg/L, the turbidity of the filter tank rose to 0.08 degrees and the picoplankton concentration rose to 10 6 cells/mL. Therefore, a polyaluminum chloride (PAC) solution with a basicity of 65% to 85% was added at 5 mg/L in the upstream of the filter tank, and the turbidity of the filtered water after 24 hours was reduced to 0.02 degrees and the picoplankton concentration to 10 4 cells/mL.
(参考例1)
ろ過池の前段で塩基度が65%以上85%以下のポリ塩化アルミニウム(PAC)溶液を添加する制御を実施しない以外は、実施例1と同条件で処理を行った。凝集槽の通常塩基度のPAC添加量は30mg/Lのとき、ろ過池の濁度は0.08度、ピコプランクトン濃度が106cells/mLまで上昇した。この状態を継続したところ、24時間後の濁度は0.20度、ピコプランクトン濃度が107cells/mLまで増加した。
(Reference Example 1)
Treatment was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that no control was performed to add a polyaluminum chloride (PAC) solution with a basicity of 65% to 85% in the upstream stage of the filtration basin. When the amount of PAC with normal basicity added to the coagulation tank was 30 mg/L, the turbidity of the filtration basin increased to 0.08 degrees and the picoplankton concentration to 106 cells/mL. When this condition was continued for 24 hours, the turbidity increased to 0.20 degrees and the picoplankton concentration increased to 107 cells/mL.
(実施例2)
図7に示す処理フローに沿って浄水処理を行った。過去2年分のろ過水の微粒子数及びピコプランクトン数の測定データのトレンド、ろ過水の濁度データのトレンド、pH、水量データ、ろ過装置の運転条件として、ろ過時間、ろ過抵抗、流量、導電率、温度等を含む運転データを説明変数として学習させる。予測部は、学習データによって作成されたろ過水のピコプランクトン数を予測するモデルが組み込まれ、学習データをセンシングしデータを入力することで、1時間後のろ過水中の濁度を予測するように構成する。
Example 2
Water purification was performed according to the process flow shown in Figure 7. Trends in measurement data of the number of particulates and picoplankton in the filtered water for the past two years, trends in turbidity data of the filtered water, pH, water volume data, and operating data including filtration time, filtration resistance, flow rate, conductivity, temperature, etc. as operating conditions of the filtration device are learned as explanatory variables. The prediction unit is configured to incorporate a model for predicting the number of picoplankton in the filtered water created from the learning data, and to predict the turbidity in the filtered water one hour later by sensing the learning data and inputting the data.
凝集槽の通常塩基度のPAC添加量は30mg/Lのとき、ろ過池の濁度は0.08度、ピコプランクトン濃度が106cells/mLまで上昇した。AI予測による予測結果は、1時間後のろ過水の濁度が0.12度となった。そのため、ろ過池の前段で塩基度が65%以上85%以下のポリ塩化アルミニウム(PAC)溶液を5mg/L添加する制御を実施したところ、1時間後の濁度は0.06度に低下し、濁度0.1度を超えない運転をすることができた。 When the amount of PAC added to the coagulation tank with normal basicity was 30 mg/L, the turbidity of the filter basin rose to 0.08 degrees and the picoplankton concentration rose to 10 6 cells/mL. The AI prediction predicted that the turbidity of the filtered water after one hour would be 0.12 degrees. Therefore, when a control was implemented by adding 5 mg/L of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) solution with a basicity of 65% to 85% in the upstream of the filter basin, the turbidity after one hour fell to 0.06 degrees, and operation was possible without exceeding a turbidity of 0.1 degrees.
このように、本開示によれば、ろ過水の濁度を上昇させる要因の一つとなるピコプランクトンを安全かつ効率良く除去することができ、安定して濁度の低いろ過水を得ることができる。 In this way, according to the present disclosure, picoplankton, which is one of the factors that increase the turbidity of filtered water, can be safely and efficiently removed, and filtered water with a stable low turbidity can be obtained.
1…凝集剤添加手段
2…凝集手段
3…ろ過手段
4…測定手段
5…制御手段
6…凝集剤添加支援手段
11、12…供給経路
21…凝集槽
22…沈殿槽
31…流入配管
61…取得部
62…学習部
63…モデル記憶部
64…予測部
65…決定部
66…出力部
1... flocculant addition means 2... flocculation means 3... filtration means 4... measurement means 5... control means 6... flocculant addition support means 11, 12... supply path 21... flocculation tank 22... sedimentation tank 31... inlet pipe 61... acquisition unit 62... learning unit 63... model storage unit 64... prediction unit 65... determination unit 66... output unit
Claims (8)
前記原水中にフロックを形成させて凝集処理を行う凝集手段と、
前記凝集処理後の処理水をろ過処理してろ過水を得るろ過手段と、
前記原水、前記処理水又は前記ろ過水のピコプランクトン数を測定可能な測定手段と、
前記ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、前記ピコプランクトン数を低減させるための凝集剤として塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加するように、該ポリ塩化アルミニウムの添加量を制御する制御手段と、
を備え、
前記凝集剤添加手段が、前記凝集剤を添加するための複数の供給経路を備え、前記供給経路のうちの一つが、前記塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを供給するための経路であり、
前記塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを供給するための経路が、前記ろ過手段、前記凝集処理後の処理水を前記ろ過手段へ流入させるための流入配管、又は、前記原水中に形成されたフロックを沈降分離する沈殿槽の少なくともいずれかに接続されており、
前記制御手段が、前記ピコプランクトン数の測定結果が所定値以上であるときに、前記塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを、前記ろ過手段、前記凝集処理後の処理水を前記ろ過手段へ流入させるための流入配管、又は、前記原水中に形成されたフロックを沈降分離する沈殿槽の少なくともいずれかに供給するように、前記複数の供給経路による前記凝集剤の供給を制御することを特徴とする浄水処理装置。 A flocculant adding means for adding a flocculant to raw water containing picoplankton;
a flocculation means for forming flocs in the raw water to perform flocculation treatment;
A filtering means for filtering the treated water after the coagulation treatment to obtain filtrate;
A measuring means capable of measuring the picoplankton count of the raw water, the treated water, or the filtered water;
A control means for controlling the amount of polyaluminum chloride added so that polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more is added as a flocculant for reducing the picoplankton count according to the measurement result of the picoplankton count;
Equipped with
the flocculant adding means includes a plurality of supply paths for adding the flocculant, one of the supply paths being a path for supplying the polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more;
a path for supplying the polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more is connected to at least one of the filtration means, an inlet pipe for inflowing the treated water after the coagulation treatment into the filtration means, or a settling tank for settling and separating flocs formed in the raw water,
a control means for controlling the supply of the coagulant through the multiple supply paths so as to supply the polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more to at least one of the filtration means, an inlet piping for allowing the treated water after the coagulation treatment to flow into the filtration means, or a settling tank for settling and separating flocs formed in the raw water, when the measurement result of the picoplankton count is equal to or greater than a predetermined value .
前記制御手段が、前記ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、前記通常塩基度のポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加するための経路を介した凝集剤の添加と、前記塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加するための経路を介した凝集剤の添加との切替を制御することを含む請求項1に記載の浄水処理装置。The water purification treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the control means controls switching between adding the coagulant via the path for adding polyaluminum chloride having a normal basicity and adding the coagulant via the path for adding polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more, depending on the measurement results of the picoplankton count.
を更に備える請求項1又は2に記載の浄水処理装置。 The water purification treatment device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a flocculant addition support means for determining the amount of flocculant to be added so as to maintain the turbidity of the filtered water at or below a standard value based on analysis information obtained by analyzing the operating conditions of the filtration means, water quality information of the filtered water, and the relationship with the measurement results of the picoplankton count by the measurement means based on past performance.
を更に備える請求項1又は2に記載の浄水処理装置。 The water purification treatment device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a flocculant addition support means for predicting the future picoplankton count by performing machine learning using the operating conditions of the filtration means, water quality information of the filtered water, and the measurement results of the picoplankton count of the filtered water by the measurement means, and determining the amount of flocculant to be added based on the prediction result so as to maintain the turbidity of the filtered water below a standard value.
前記凝集剤添加後の処理水からろ過水を得るために前記処理水をろ過処理し、
前記原水、前記処理水又は前記ろ過水のピコプランクトン数を測定し、
前記ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、前記凝集剤の添加量を制御すること
を含み、
前記複数の供給経路のうちの一つが、塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを供給するための経路であり、前記塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを供給するための経路が、前記ろ過処理を行うためのろ過手段、前記凝集剤添加後の処理水を前記ろ過手段へ流入させるための流入配管、又は、前記原水中に形成されたフロックを沈降分離する沈殿槽の少なくともいずれかに接続されており、
前記ピコプランクトン数の測定結果が所定値以上であるときに、前記ピコプランクトン数を低減させるための凝集剤として、塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを、前記処理水の前記ろ過処理を行うためのろ過手段、前記凝集剤添加後の前記処理水を前記ろ過手段へ流入させるための流入配管、又は、前記原水中に形成されたフロックを沈降分離する沈殿槽の少なくともいずれかに添加することを特徴とする浄水処理方法。 A flocculant is added to raw water containing picoplankton through a flocculant adding means having a plurality of supply paths ;
Filtration of the treated water to obtain filtrate from the treated water after the addition of the coagulant;
Measure the picoplankton count of the raw water, the treated water, or the filtered water;
and controlling the amount of the flocculant added according to the measurement result of the picoplankton count;
one of the plurality of supply paths is a path for supplying polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more, and the path for supplying polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more is connected to at least one of a filtration means for performing the filtration treatment, an inflow pipe for flowing the treated water after the addition of the coagulant into the filtration means, or a settling tank for settling and separating flocs formed in the raw water,
A water purification method comprising the steps of: adding polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more as a flocculant for reducing the picoplankton count when the measurement result of the picoplankton count is equal to or greater than a predetermined value to at least one of a filtration means for performing the filtration treatment of the treated water, an inlet piping for flowing the treated water after the addition of the flocculant into the filtration means, or a settling tank for settling and separating flocs formed in the raw water .
前記ピコプランクトン数の測定結果に応じて、前記通常塩基度のポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加するための経路を介した凝集剤の添加と、前記塩基度が60%以上のポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加するための経路を介した凝集剤の添加とを切り替えることを含む請求項5に記載の浄水処理方法。The water purification method according to claim 5, further comprising switching between adding a flocculant via a path for adding polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more and adding a flocculant via a path for adding polyaluminum chloride having a basicity of 60% or more depending on the results of the measurement of the picoplankton count.
を更に含む請求項5又は6に記載の浄水処理方法。 The water purification method according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising: predicting future measurement results of the picoplankton count based on analytical information obtained by analyzing the relationship between the operating conditions of the filtration process, the water quality information of the filtered water, and the measurement results of the picoplankton count based on past performance; and determining the amount of the coagulant to be added based on the prediction result so as to maintain the turbidity of the filtered water at or below a standard value.
を更に含む請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載の浄水処理方法。 The water purification method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, further comprising: predicting the future picoplankton count by performing machine learning using the operating conditions of the filtration process, water quality information of the filtered water, and the measurement results of the picoplankton count of the filtered water; and determining the amount of the coagulant to be added based on the prediction result so as to maintain the turbidity of the filtered water at or below a reference value.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021022129A JP7496786B2 (en) | 2021-02-15 | 2021-02-15 | Water purification method and water purification device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021022129A JP7496786B2 (en) | 2021-02-15 | 2021-02-15 | Water purification method and water purification device |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2022124388A JP2022124388A (en) | 2022-08-25 |
JP2022124388A5 JP2022124388A5 (en) | 2023-05-23 |
JP7496786B2 true JP7496786B2 (en) | 2024-06-07 |
Family
ID=82941180
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021022129A Active JP7496786B2 (en) | 2021-02-15 | 2021-02-15 | Water purification method and water purification device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP7496786B2 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014240760A (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-25 | リオン株式会社 | Viable particle counting method, viable particle counter, and pure water monitoring system |
JP2020050540A (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | 朝日化学工業株式会社 | Highly basic aluminum chloride and method for producing the same |
-
2021
- 2021-02-15 JP JP2021022129A patent/JP7496786B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2014240760A (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-25 | リオン株式会社 | Viable particle counting method, viable particle counter, and pure water monitoring system |
JP2020050540A (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | 朝日化学工業株式会社 | Highly basic aluminum chloride and method for producing the same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
水質試験年報 第25集 平成27年度,福岡地区水道企業団,2015年,URL,https://www.f-suiki.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/e0939377b178a1240ad7910e0766ab2c.pdf [retrieved on 2024.2.29] |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2022124388A (en) | 2022-08-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR101075885B1 (en) | Water purification apparatus and method for using pressure filter and pore control fiber filter | |
JP5489982B2 (en) | Pretreatment method for separation by reverse osmosis membrane of treated water | |
JP2009000673A (en) | Apparatus and method for monitoring water purification process | |
KR20140144933A (en) | Dual mode membrane filtration system of pressure-immersion combination type, and variable control method for the same | |
KR101360018B1 (en) | Method of water treatment and system using the same | |
Abd Nasier et al. | Conventional water treatment plant, principles, and important factors influence on the efficiency | |
CN205115201U (en) | Reverse osmosis desalination system | |
JP7496786B2 (en) | Water purification method and water purification device | |
JP2013022574A (en) | Desalination apparatus using reverse osmosis membrane | |
JP4468223B2 (en) | Water treatment system using ultraviolet irradiation | |
Fayaz et al. | Correlations between silt density index, turbidity and oxidation-reduction potential parameters in seawater reverse osmosis desalination | |
KR100940514B1 (en) | Mathods for multi-stage water filteration with coagulation | |
JP7336790B2 (en) | Water treatment system and water treatment method | |
Łaskawiec et al. | Treatment of pool water installation washings in a flocculation/ultrafiltration integrated system | |
JP4079082B2 (en) | Backwashing method for membrane filtration water treatment equipment | |
KR101418738B1 (en) | Immersion type-pressure type hybrid membrane filtration system | |
JP7523388B2 (en) | Water purification method and water purification device | |
CN103896455B (en) | A kind of biological pre-treatment process for sea-water reverse osmose method | |
JP7225073B2 (en) | Coagulating filtration method and coagulating filtration device | |
JP2005334777A (en) | Water purifier | |
CN211734055U (en) | Offshore emergency reverse osmosis seawater desalination pretreatment system | |
JP2022129267A (en) | Water purifying method and water purifying apparatus | |
Sukanya et al. | Spent filter backwash water treatment by coagulation followed by ultrafiltration | |
Zwicker | ENHANCING NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER REMOVAL IN AN ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE PLANT THROUGH COAGULATION | |
KR20230172740A (en) | Apparatus for water treatment autonomous driving based on deep reinforcement learning using real-time particulate matter monitoring and method thereof |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20230515 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20230515 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20240221 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20240305 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20240423 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20240521 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20240528 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7496786 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |