JP7486804B2 - How to install water-curing civil engineering sheets - Google Patents
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- JP7486804B2 JP7486804B2 JP2020149598A JP2020149598A JP7486804B2 JP 7486804 B2 JP7486804 B2 JP 7486804B2 JP 2020149598 A JP2020149598 A JP 2020149598A JP 2020149598 A JP2020149598 A JP 2020149598A JP 7486804 B2 JP7486804 B2 JP 7486804B2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 20
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 208000012868 Overgrowth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Description
特許法第３０条第２項適用 平成３１年４月１６日に日本植生株式会社が製品リーフレットにて公開。Applicable under Article 30, Paragraph 2 of the Patent Act. Released by Nihon Shokusei Co., Ltd. in a product leaflet on April 16, 2019.
本発明は、例えば、法面等の土壌面の保護に用いて好適な水硬化性土木シートの施工方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for applying a hydraulically setting civil engineering sheet suitable for protecting soil surfaces such as slopes.
従来、岩盤法面や強酸性土壌地などの土壌面については、その風化侵食や小落石の予防を目的として、モルタル吹付工により保護を図るのが一般的であるが、その施工には大型の吹付け設備の設置が必用であり、施工場所が限定される。 Traditionally, soil surfaces such as bedrock slopes and highly acidic soils have been protected by spraying mortar to prevent weathering erosion and small rock falls, but this requires the installation of large spraying equipment, and the locations where it can be used are limited.
そこで、近年、セメントを封入したマット状の土木資材（セメントマット）が使われるケースがあるものの、セメントの性質上、土木資材の重量化、ひいてはその人力運搬や施工等における労力や危険の増大を避けられないという問題がある。 In recent years, mat-shaped civil engineering materials filled with cement (cement mats) have been used in some cases, but the nature of cement means that the civil engineering materials become heavier, which inevitably increases the labor and danger involved in transporting and constructing them.
本発明は上述の事柄に留意してなされたもので、その目的は、土壌面等の施工対象面の保護の容易化に資する水硬化性土木シートの施工方法を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for applying a water-setting civil engineering sheet which contributes to facilitating protection of the target surface of application, such as soil.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る水硬化性土木シートの施工方法は、吸水または吸湿により硬化する水硬化性土木シートの施工方法であって、繊維からなる基材と、水硬化性樹脂とが、複数のシート状部材に挟装されている水硬化性土木シートを施工対象面に敷設する際、前記水硬化性土木シートにしわが生じるように施工し、前記しわのうち、比較的深いしわの大部分は、前記水硬化性土木シートの周縁部を避けた位置において、該水硬化性土木シートにリブ構造を形成するようにした（請求項１）。 In order to achieve the above object, the method for constructing a water-setting civil engineering sheet according to the present invention is a method for constructing a water-setting civil engineering sheet that hardens by absorbing water or moisture, in which a water-setting civil engineering sheet having a fibrous base material and a water-setting resin sandwiched between a plurality of sheet-like members is laid on a surface to be constructed so that wrinkles are generated in the water -setting civil engineering sheet, and most of the wrinkles, which are relatively deep, form a rib structure in the water-setting civil engineering sheet at positions that avoid the peripheral portions of the water-setting civil engineering sheet (Claim 1 ).
本願発明では、土壌面等の施工対象面の保護の容易化に資する水硬化性土木シートの施工方法が得られる。 The present invention provides a method for applying a hydraulically setting civil engineering sheet that contributes to facilitating protection of surfaces to be applied, such as soil surfaces.
請求項１に係る発明の水硬化性土木シートの施工方法では、水硬化性土木シートに生じたしわがリブ構造を形成し、より曲げ強度の高い法面等の保護構造体を形作ることが可能となる。 In the construction method of the hydraulically setting civil engineering sheet according to the first aspect of the present invention, wrinkles generated in the hydraulically setting civil engineering sheet form a rib structure, making it possible to form protective structures such as slopes having higher bending strength.
本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照しながら以下に説明する。 The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
本実施の形態に係る水硬化性土木シートは、柔軟性を有する状態で土壌面（例えば法面）等である施工対象面に敷設された後、吸水または吸湿により硬化する。この水硬化性土木シートは、図１（Ａ）に示すように、繊維からなる基材１と、水硬化性樹脂４とが、複数のシート状部材２，３に挟装されて構成され、具体的には、水硬化性樹脂４を保持する基材１と、基材１の表面側に設けた（基材１及び水硬化性樹脂４に対して施工対象面と反対側に配される）保護シート２と、基材１の裏面側に設けた（基材１及び水硬化性樹脂４に対して施工対象面側に配される）シート状又はマット状の透水性シート３とを重ねて一体化するものである。 The water-curing civil engineering sheet according to this embodiment is laid in a flexible state on the construction surface, such as a soil surface (e.g., a slope), and then hardens by absorbing water or moisture. As shown in FIG. 1(A), this water-curing civil engineering sheet is composed of a fibrous substrate 1 and a water-curing resin 4 sandwiched between multiple sheet-like members 2 and 3. Specifically, the substrate 1 that holds the water-curing resin 4, a protective sheet 2 provided on the front side of the substrate 1 (located on the opposite side of the construction surface from the substrate 1 and the water-curing resin 4), and a sheet-like or mat-like water-permeable sheet 3 provided on the back side of the substrate 1 (located on the construction surface side from the substrate 1 and the water-curing resin 4) are stacked and integrated.
基材１は、そのままで、あるいはカップリング剤（例えばシランカップリング剤）等で処理されることにより、水硬化性樹脂４を保持する機能（性状）を持つ繊維ないし水硬化性樹脂４を保持する構造（多孔質構造等）を構成する繊維で形成されており、斯かる繊維には、高強度のＦＲＰ（繊維強化プラスチック）が得られる炭素繊維やアラミド繊維、ボロン繊維、ザイロン繊維、その他の柔軟性のある化学繊維などを選択することができ、本例では、強度が高く、柔軟性と耐候性のあるガラス繊維を編成（編織）したガラスクロスシート材（目付８００ｇ／ｍ2）を使用する。また、基材１の形状は、テープ状又はシート状とすることが考えられる。 The substrate 1 is formed of fibers having a function (property) of holding the water-curable resin 4 or fibers constituting a structure (porous structure, etc.) for holding the water-curable resin 4, either as is or by being treated with a coupling agent (e.g., a silane coupling agent), etc., and such fibers can be selected from carbon fibers, aramid fibers, boron fibers, Zylon fibers, and other flexible chemical fibers that can produce high-strength FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), and in this example, a glass cloth sheet material (weight per unit area 800 g/ m2 ) made by knitting (weaving) high-strength, flexible, and weather-resistant glass fibers is used. The substrate 1 may be formed in a tape or sheet shape.
この基材１が保持する水硬化性樹脂４としては、加水分解の原因となるエステル結合を含まないものを使用するのであり、例えば硬化剤としてポリイソシアネートを含むものを用いることが考えられる。 The water-curable resin 4 held by the substrate 1 does not contain ester bonds that cause hydrolysis, and it is possible to use, for example, a resin containing polyisocyanate as a curing agent.
保護シート２は、遮光性及び柔軟性を有するものであり、例えばポリエステル繊維で構成することが考えられる。ポリエステル繊維は、耐水性・耐候性・耐腐食性に優れるという点で保護シート２に用いて好適である。 The protective sheet 2 has light-blocking properties and flexibility, and may be made of, for example, polyester fibers. Polyester fibers are suitable for use in the protective sheet 2 because they have excellent water resistance, weather resistance, and corrosion resistance.
また、保護シート２には、基材１側に起毛や凹凸を設けるための加工や処理等を施し、基材１が保持する水硬化性樹脂４との付着力を高めておくことが望ましい。具体的には、例えば、ポリプロピレン製の織布（表）とポリエステル不織布（裏）をニードルパンチ製法で一体化させた２層式のシート（目付１００～５００ｇ／ｍ2）や、ニードルパンチ製法によりフェルト状に加工した不織布（例えばポリエステル不織布）等を保護シート２に用いることが考えられる。 It is also desirable to apply processing or treatment to the protective sheet 2 to provide nap or unevenness on the substrate 1 side, thereby increasing the adhesive strength with the water-curable resin 4 held by the substrate 1. Specifically, for example, a two-layer sheet (basis weight 100 to 500 g/m 2 ) in which a woven polypropylene fabric (front) and a polyester nonwoven fabric (back) are integrated by a needle punching method, or a nonwoven fabric (e.g., a polyester nonwoven fabric) processed into a felt shape by a needle punching method can be used for the protective sheet 2.
加えて、本例の水硬化性土木シートは、その施工後の降雨等によって吸水又は吸湿し、基材１の水硬化性樹脂４が硬化するものであり、その硬化のためには、保護シート２に透水性を持たせておくのが好適であるが、このように透水性を持たせる場合であっても、保護シート２を不織布とし、その細孔を適宜に小さくすることにより、水硬化性樹脂４が保護シート２から滲出しにくくなり、この保護シート２を含む本例の水硬化性土木シートの保管中に当該シートどうしがくっつきにくくすることができる。 In addition, the water-curing civil engineering sheet of this example absorbs water or moisture due to rainfall etc. after construction, and the water-curing resin 4 in the substrate 1 hardens. For this hardening to occur, it is preferable to make the protective sheet 2 water-permeable. Even when water-permeable, the protective sheet 2 can be made nonwoven and its pores appropriately small to prevent the water-curing resin 4 from seeping out of the protective sheet 2, and the water-curing civil engineering sheet of this example including the protective sheet 2 can be made less likely to stick to each other during storage.
透水性シート３は、透水性又は透湿性を有し、施工対象面に敷設された状態で、該施工対象面に水硬化性樹脂４が滲出するように構成されていればよく、例えば適宜のクッション性を有する不織布（目付３０～２００ｇ／ｍ2）等を透水性シート３として用いることができる。すなわち、透水性シート３のクッション性により、硬化した基材１と施工対象面との間の空隙を透水性シート３が埋めるため、施工対象面との密着性をさらに高めることができる。 The water-permeable sheet 3 only needs to be water- or moisture-permeable and configured so that the water-setting resin 4 exudes onto the surface to be applied when laid on the surface to be applied, and for example, a nonwoven fabric (basis weight 30 to 200 g/ m2 ) having appropriate cushioning properties can be used as the water-permeable sheet 3. In other words, the cushioning properties of the water-permeable sheet 3 allow the water-permeable sheet 3 to fill the gap between the hardened substrate 1 and the surface to be applied, thereby further increasing the adhesion to the surface to be applied.
上記の構成からなる水硬化性土木シートは、例えば、適宜の台等の上において、保護シート２の上に基材１を重ねた状態で水硬化性樹脂４を基材１に塗布し、最後に、その上に透水性シート３を重ね、これら３者を一体化する。この一体化は、少なくとも周縁部を除く中央部で強い圧迫がかからないようにし、基材１が保持する水硬化性樹脂４の量を多く保つようにすることが好ましい。一例として、積層した基材１、保護シート２及び透水性シート３の端部どうしは例えばボステッチ等の金具で比較的余裕を持たせずに連結し、中央部どうしは例えばタグガンで比較的余裕を持たせて連結することが考えられる。 The water-curing civil engineering sheet having the above-mentioned structure is prepared, for example, by placing the base material 1 on the protective sheet 2 on a suitable stand or the like, applying the water-curing resin 4 to the base material 1, and finally placing the water-permeable sheet 3 on top of that to integrate these three components. This integration is preferably carried out so that strong pressure is not applied to at least the center excluding the periphery, and the amount of water-curing resin 4 held by the base material 1 is kept large. As an example, the ends of the laminated base material 1, protective sheet 2, and water-permeable sheet 3 can be connected relatively tightly with metal fittings such as boss stitches, and the central parts can be connected with a relatively large amount of slack, for example with a tag gun.
ここで、基材１に塗布しようとする水硬化性樹脂４が透明であると、この水硬化性樹脂４の広がり（塗布状態）を確認し難いため、水硬化性樹脂４は有色のものが好ましく、水硬化性樹脂４が透明である場合は着色するようにしてもよい。 Here, if the water-curable resin 4 to be applied to the substrate 1 is transparent, it is difficult to check the spread (application state) of the water-curable resin 4, so the water-curable resin 4 is preferably colored, and if the water-curable resin 4 is transparent, it may be colored.
以上のように製造される本例の水硬化性土木シートにつき、施工前における吸水又は吸湿による硬化防止を図るため、その製造途中の水硬化性土木シートの各材料（基材１、保護シート２及び透水性シート３）又は製造後の水硬化性土木シートを乾燥させた後、敷設を行うまでの間、製造した水硬化性土木シートは不透湿性の密封袋（ガスバリア袋）に収容され、開封後に施工対象面の不陸（凹凸）に沿わせて敷設し、雨や湿気にて硬化成形される。なお、密封袋には、吸湿剤（例えばシリカゲルや生石灰）を入れておくことが好ましく、例えば水硬化性樹脂４に吸湿剤を混合してあってもよい。 In order to prevent the hydraulic civil engineering sheet of this example manufactured as described above from hardening due to water or moisture absorption before construction, the hydraulic civil engineering sheet is stored in a moisture-impermeable sealed bag (gas barrier bag) after drying each material of the hydraulic civil engineering sheet during its manufacture (base material 1, protective sheet 2, and water-permeable sheet 3) or after its manufacture, and until installation, the hydraulic civil engineering sheet is placed in the bag along the unevenness (convexoconcave) of the construction surface after opening, and hardened and molded by rain or moisture. It is preferable to put a moisture absorbent (e.g., silica gel or quicklime) in the sealed bag, and for example, the hydraulic resin 4 may be mixed with a moisture absorbent.
ここで、水硬化性土木シートを密封袋に収容する際、水硬化性土木シートを反物のように巻き取るように折り畳んで収容してもよいが、保護シート２が水硬化性樹脂４を滲出させないものである場合、例えば二つ折り（図２（Ａ））、四つ折り（図２（Ｂ））、蛇腹折り（図２（Ｃ））、観音折り（図２（Ｄ））のように表面どうし（保護シート２どうし）、裏面どうし（透水性シート３どうし）が接するように水硬化性土木シートを折り畳んで収容すれば、仮に透水性シート３から水硬化性樹脂４が滲出しても保護シート２の表面側にまで裏移りすることは防止され、ひいては水硬化性土木シートの施工性の向上を図ることができる。 Here, when storing the water-curing civil engineering sheet in a sealed bag, the water-curing civil engineering sheet may be folded and stored as if it were rolled up like a roll of cloth, but if the protective sheet 2 does not allow the water-curing resin 4 to seep out, for example, by folding the water-curing civil engineering sheet in half (Fig. 2(A)), in four (Fig. 2(B)), accordion-like (Fig. 2(C)), or gate-shaped (Fig. 2(D)) so that the front surfaces (protective sheets 2) and back surfaces (permeable sheets 3) are in contact with each other, it is possible to prevent the water-curing resin 4 from seeping out of the permeable sheet 3 from bleeding through to the front surface of the protective sheet 2, thereby improving the workability of the water-curing civil engineering sheet.
上記の構成からなる水硬化性土木シートは、施工時には柔軟であり、施工対象面の不陸に沿わせて容易に敷設することができる。例えば、施工対象面が法面Ｎである場合、以下の（１）～（３）の手順で水硬化性土木シートＤを施工することが考えられる（図３、図４参照）。（１）法面Ｎの雑草木、浮土砂、浮石などを除去する。（２）法肩部を２０ｃｍ程度巻き込み（法肩部に２０ｃｍ程度掛かるようにして）、水硬化性土木シートＤを法面に展開する。複数の水硬化性土木シートＤを連接する場合、左右の重ね幅は５ｃｍ程度、上下の重ね幅は１０ｃｍ程度とする。上下に重ねる際は、法肩側の水硬化性土木シートＤが上、法尻側の水硬化性土木シートＤが下になるように重ね合わせる。（３）アンカーピン５を所定の間隔、場所（例えば上下左右方向とも５０ｃｍピッチ）に打ち込む。 The hydraulic civil engineering sheet having the above-mentioned structure is flexible during construction and can be easily laid along the unevenness of the construction surface. For example, when the construction surface is a slope N, the hydraulic civil engineering sheet D can be constructed in the following steps (1) to (3) (see Figures 3 and 4). (1) Remove weeds, loose soil, loose stones, etc. from the slope N. (2) Roll up the slope shoulder by about 20 cm (so that it hangs over the slope shoulder by about 20 cm) and spread the hydraulic civil engineering sheet D on the slope. When connecting multiple hydraulic civil engineering sheets D, the overlap width on the left and right should be about 5 cm, and the overlap width on the top and bottom should be about 10 cm. When overlapping them, overlap them so that the hydraulic civil engineering sheet D on the slope shoulder side is on top and the hydraulic civil engineering sheet D on the slope toe side is on the bottom. (3) Drive the anchor pins 5 into the slope at a specified interval and location (for example, 50 cm intervals in both the vertical and horizontal directions).
施工後の水硬化性土木シートは降雨や夜露、地面からの水分供給により、敷設地の形状を維持したまま硬化するとともに、地面に接着し、土壌表面の土砂や転石の初動を抑え、小崩落や落石の発生を抑制することができる。また、水硬化性樹脂４が硬化することにより不透水層が形成され、地面への水の浸透を防ぎ、施工対象面の風化・侵食を防止することができる。 After construction, the water-curing civil engineering sheet hardens while maintaining the shape of the site due to rainfall, night dew, and moisture supply from the ground, and adheres to the ground, suppressing the initial movement of soil surface soil sand and boulders, and preventing the occurrence of small collapses and rock falls. In addition, as the water-curing resin 4 hardens, an impermeable layer is formed, preventing water from penetrating into the ground and preventing weathering and erosion of the construction surface.
ＦＲＰを構成する基材１は引張強度が大きく、杭やロックボルトによって地面に固定することで、より大きな崩落や落石の発生を抑制することができる上、ＦＲＰを構成する基材１はモルタルに比べ衝撃に強いことから、落石により破損し難いというメリットもある。また、モルタルが硬化不良を起こす冬季の氷点下や夏場の炎天下においても、硬化障害を生じない。 The base material 1 that constitutes the FRP has a high tensile strength, and by fixing it to the ground with piles or rock bolts, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of larger collapses and rockfalls. In addition, the base material 1 that constitutes the FRP is more resistant to impacts than mortar, so it has the advantage of being less likely to be damaged by falling rocks. In addition, there is no hardening failure even in sub-freezing temperatures in winter or in the hot sun in summer, when mortar tends to harden poorly.
しかも、本例の水硬化性土木シートは軽量化が容易であり、従来のモルタル吹付設備やセメントマットの搬入が困難な狭隘地や山腹などにも、人力で運搬して施工が可能である。 In addition, the water-curing civil engineering sheet of this example can be easily made lightweight, and can be transported and installed manually in narrow areas or on mountainsides where it is difficult to transport conventional mortar spraying equipment or cement mats.
その一方で、少なくとも敷設後において水硬化性樹脂４が硬化する前の段階で保護シート２や基材１自体に重量を持たせるようにすれば、水硬化性土木シートは施工対象面の凹凸により追従して硬化するようになる。そして、運搬の際の軽量化と敷設後の重量化の両立を図るための手段として、例えば保護シート２がなるべく高い吸水性をもつようにその素材の一部または全部に吸水性材料を用い、運搬が完了するまでは保護シート２を乾燥させておき、敷設後（水硬化性樹脂４の硬化前）に散水等を行って保護シート２に水を含ませるようにすることが考えられる。 On the other hand, if the protective sheet 2 and the base material 1 themselves are made to have weight at least after installation and before the water-setting resin 4 hardens, the water-setting civil engineering sheet will harden by following the unevenness of the construction surface. As a means for achieving both weight reduction during transportation and weight increase after installation, for example, it is possible to use a water-absorbent material for part or all of the material of the protective sheet 2 so that it has as high water absorption as possible, keep the protective sheet 2 dry until transportation is complete, and then spray water on the protective sheet 2 after installation (before the water-setting resin 4 hardens) to make it absorb water.
また、従来のモルタル吹付工はモルタルが流されてしまうため、降雨時には施工できないが、本例の水硬化性土木シートでは、水硬化性樹脂４が保護シート２と透水性シート３の間に保持されていることから、降雨時にもその施工が可能である。 In addition, conventional mortar spraying work cannot be carried out during rainfall because the mortar is washed away, but with the water-curing civil engineering sheet of this example, the water-curing resin 4 is held between the protective sheet 2 and the water-permeable sheet 3, so work can be carried out even during rainfall.
しかも、水中においても水硬化性樹脂４が硬化することから水中施工が可能であり、このため、湖沼や河川の護岸工として用いることもできる。 In addition, since the water-curable resin 4 hardens even underwater, underwater construction is possible, and therefore the material can also be used as bank protection for lakes, marshes, and rivers.
さらに、多くの植物は硬化後の基材１を貫通することができないことから、植生の上に水硬化性土木シートを敷設することにより防草効果が発揮され、この硬化後の基材１は剛性を有するため、雑草の旺盛な繁茂による該水硬化性土木シートの持ち上がりがほとんど生じない上、施工対象面の凹凸に沿って硬化した水硬化性土木シートは風による持ち上がりも極めて生じ難いものとなる。 Furthermore, since many plants cannot penetrate the hardened base material 1, laying the water-hardening civil engineering sheet on top of vegetation provides a weed-prevention effect, and because the hardened base material 1 has rigidity, the water-hardening civil engineering sheet is hardly lifted up by the vigorous growth of weeds, and the water-hardening civil engineering sheet that hardens to conform to the unevenness of the construction surface is also extremely unlikely to be lifted up by the wind.
水硬化性樹脂４に、加水分解の原因となるエステル結合を含まない樹脂を用いることにより、長期的な機能維持を図ることができる。 By using a resin that does not contain ester bonds that cause hydrolysis for the water-curable resin 4, it is possible to maintain functionality for a long period of time.
また、基材１の上側に保護シート２を設ける（施工時に基材１の上側に保護シート２が位置するように敷設する）ことにより、流水路やゲリラ豪雨の中でも、基材１から水硬化性樹脂４が流亡することを抑え、水硬化性土木シートの硬化成形を助けることができる。 In addition, by providing the protective sheet 2 on the upper side of the base material 1 (laying it so that the protective sheet 2 is located on the upper side of the base material 1 during construction), it is possible to prevent the water-setting resin 4 from flowing away from the base material 1 even in a running waterway or during a sudden downpour, and to help the water-setting civil engineering sheet harden and form.
さらに、遮光性を有する保護シート２を用いることにより、紫外線などによる基材１の劣化を防ぐことができ、製品の長寿命化を図ることができる。そして、保護シート２の少なくとも表（上）側の色を濃色（明度・彩度の低い色で、例えば濃緑色、濃紫色、濃青色、濃褐色等）もしくは黒系（黒色やそれに近い色等）とし、日射に伴う熱の吸収率を高めれば、水硬化性土木シート内の温度が上昇し易くなり、水硬化性樹脂４の硬化反応を早めることができる。 Furthermore, by using a light-blocking protective sheet 2, deterioration of the substrate 1 due to ultraviolet rays and the like can be prevented, and the product's lifespan can be extended. And by making the color of at least the front (upper) side of the protective sheet 2 a dark color (a color with low brightness and saturation, such as dark green, dark purple, dark blue, dark brown, etc.) or black (black or a color similar to black, etc.) and increasing the rate of absorption of heat associated with sunlight, the temperature inside the water-curing civil engineering sheet can be easily raised, and the curing reaction of the water-curing resin 4 can be accelerated.
透水性シート３は、敷設後に地面からの水分を遮断することなく水硬化性樹脂４の硬化を促す。また、透水性シート３に水硬化性樹脂４が浸透し、さらに施工対象面に滲出することにより、施工対象面上の石や砂Ｓが水硬化性土木シートの裏面（下面）に付着し（図１（Ｂ）参照）、これが滑り止め効果を発揮して施工対象面の保護がより確実なものとなる。そして、この滲出は、水硬化性土木シートの敷設時におけるアンカーピン５や釘の打設に伴う押さえつけ（圧力）により促進される。すなわち、打設したアンカーピン５等の頭部裏面による押さえつけに伴い、透水性シート３の薄くなった部分からは水硬化性樹脂４がより滲出し易くなる。従って、アンカーピン５等の頭部面積を大きくすれば、水硬化性土木シートに圧力が掛かる面積が大きくなり、水硬化性樹脂４が滲出する範囲が広がることになる。また、アンカーピン５等の頭部裏面に突起があれば、部分的に水硬化性樹脂４が滲出し易い箇所をつくることができる。水硬化性土木シート同士の端部を重ね合わせて施工する場合、その重ね部へのアンカーピン５等の打設に加えて、重ね部を上から踏むなどして圧力を掛けることにより、水硬化性樹脂４を滲出させて水硬化性土木シート同士を接着させ、重ね部の隙間ができにくくなり、水の浸入や雑草の繁茂を抑制することができる。 The water-permeable sheet 3 promotes the hardening of the water-setting resin 4 without blocking moisture from the ground after laying. In addition, the water-setting resin 4 penetrates the water-permeable sheet 3 and further seeps out onto the surface to be applied, so that stones and sand S on the surface to be applied adhere to the back surface (lower surface) of the water-setting civil engineering sheet (see FIG. 1(B)), which exerts an anti-slip effect and more reliably protects the surface to be applied. This seepage is promoted by the pressing (pressure) associated with the driving of the anchor pins 5 and nails when laying the water-setting civil engineering sheet. In other words, the water-setting resin 4 is more likely to seep out from the thinned portion of the water-permeable sheet 3 due to the pressing by the back surface of the head of the driven anchor pins 5, etc. Therefore, if the head area of the anchor pins 5, etc. is increased, the area on which pressure is applied to the water-setting civil engineering sheet becomes larger, and the range from which the water-setting resin 4 seeps out is expanded. In addition, if there is a protrusion on the back surface of the head of the anchor pins 5, etc., it is possible to create a part where the water-setting resin 4 is more likely to seep out. When overlapping the ends of water-curing civil engineering sheets for construction, in addition to driving anchor pins 5 into the overlapping areas, pressure can be applied by stepping on the overlapping areas from above to make the water-curing resin 4 seep out and bond the water-curing civil engineering sheets together, making it harder for gaps to form in the overlapping areas and preventing water infiltration and the overgrowth of weeds.
その上、水硬化性土木シートを貫通したアンカーピン５等の先端側には、基材１を貫通する際に水硬化性樹脂４が付着し、その付着部分には施工対象面にある石や砂Ｓが付着することになるので、水硬化性樹脂４の硬化後、アンカーピン５等の先端側に付着して固まった石や砂Ｓが抜け止め機能を発揮するかえしとなり、アンカーピン５等が施工対象面から抜けにくくなる可能性やアンカーピン５等と水硬化性土木シートとのより強固な一体化も期待できる。 Furthermore, water-curable resin 4 adheres to the tip side of the anchor pins 5 etc. that penetrate the water-curable civil engineering sheet when they penetrate the base material 1, and stones and sand S on the surface to be worked on adhere to the adhered portion. After the water-curable resin 4 hardens, the stones and sand S that have hardened and adhered to the tip side of the anchor pins 5 etc. act as a retaining agent, making it difficult for the anchor pins 5 etc. to fall out of the surface to be worked on and also providing a stronger integration between the anchor pins 5 etc. and the water-curable civil engineering sheet.
さらに、透水性シート３は施工対象面から湧き出す湧水などを効率よく排水するため、水硬化性土木シート裏の表土流出を防ぎ、空洞の発生を抑制するといった効果も得られる。 In addition, the permeable sheet 3 efficiently drains water that wells up from the surface of the construction site, preventing the runoff of topsoil behind the hydraulic civil engineering sheet and suppressing the occurrence of cavities.
また、水硬化性土木シートの敷設時におけるアンカーピン５や釘の打設の際、水硬化性土木シートにしわが生じるように施工することにより、そのしわがリブ構造を形成するので、より曲げ強度の高い法面等の保護構造体を形作ることが可能となる。さらに、例えば図４のように、しわはアンカーピン５や釘の打設部周辺に限らず、施工対象面の任意の場所に生じるように施工しても同様の効果が得られるうえ、水硬化性土木シート下の施工対象面表層にある大小の転石をより効率的に抑止することができ、施工対象面の表層崩壊防止効果がより一層高まる。 In addition, by constructing the hydraulic civil engineering sheet so that wrinkles are generated when driving the anchor pins 5 and nails during laying, the wrinkles form a ribbed structure, making it possible to form protective structures such as slopes with higher bending strength. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, for example, the wrinkles can be generated not only around the areas where the anchor pins 5 and nails are driven, but also anywhere on the construction surface to obtain the same effect, and large and small boulders on the surface of the construction surface under the hydraulic civil engineering sheet can be more efficiently prevented, further increasing the effect of preventing surface collapse of the construction surface.
なお、本発明は、上記の実施の形態に何ら限定されず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々に変形して実施し得ることは勿論である。例えば、以下のような変形例を挙げることができる。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the following modifications can be mentioned:
例えば、上記実施の形態では、基材１がガラス繊維シートである例を示したが、これは基材１に比較的高い強度を持たせる必要がある場合に好適である。上記実施の形態では、硬化後の水硬化性土木シートの引張強度は１００～２１０ｋＮ／ｍであった。こうした強度より施工対象面の凹凸への追従性を重視する場合には、例えば基材１にポリエステル繊維シートを用いることが考えられる。 For example, in the above embodiment, the base material 1 is a glass fiber sheet, which is suitable when it is necessary to give the base material 1 a relatively high strength. In the above embodiment, the tensile strength of the hydraulically curable civil engineering sheet after curing was 100 to 210 kN/m. If it is more important to have the ability to conform to the irregularities of the surface to be worked on than the strength, it is possible to use, for example, a polyester fiber sheet for the base material 1.
保護シート２、透水性シート３の素材（生地）自体が透水性・透湿性を持たない場合は、貫通孔、スリットを設ける等してこれらが構造的に透水性・透湿性を有するようにしてもよい。この場合、貫通孔やスリットを利用して施工対象面に植栽することも考えられる。 If the material (fabric) of the protective sheet 2 and the water-permeable sheet 3 themselves is not water-permeable or moisture-permeable, they may be structurally made water-permeable or moisture-permeable by providing through holes or slits. In this case, it is also conceivable to use the through holes or slits to plant on the surface to be applied.
夏季などの湿度が高い状況では、降雨がなくとも短期間（２日程度）で硬化反応が進むため、透水性がない保護シート２を採用してもよく、この場合、保護シート２から水硬化性樹脂４が滲出し難くなり、施工時に水硬化性土木シート上に膝をついてアンカーピン５等を打設する際にも保護シート２から水硬化性樹脂４が滲出して作業着等に付着することが防止されるので、施工性の改善に繋がり得る。 In high humidity conditions such as summer, the hardening reaction proceeds in a short period of time (about 2 days) even without rainfall, so a non-permeable protective sheet 2 may be used. In this case, the water-curing resin 4 is less likely to seep out from the protective sheet 2, and even when kneeling on the water-curing civil engineering sheet during construction to drive anchor pins 5, etc., the water-curing resin 4 is prevented from seeping out from the protective sheet 2 and adhering to work clothes, etc., which can lead to improved workability.
また、透水性シート３にかえて、透水性・透湿性を持たないシートを用いるようにしてもよく、この場合、施工対象面からの湿気が該シートによって遮断されて水硬化性樹脂４に直接届かなくなるものの、水硬化性樹脂４よりも表面側にあるシートが透水性または透湿性を持っていれば、降雨等により水硬化性樹脂４への水分の供給、ひいては水硬化性樹脂４の硬化は達成される。また、このシートを離型紙のように簡単に剥がせるようにし、施工直前に水硬化性土木シートから剥がして施工するといったことも考えられる。 In place of the water-permeable sheet 3, a sheet with no water or moisture permeability may be used. In this case, the sheet will block moisture from the surface to be applied and will not directly reach the water-setting resin 4. However, if the sheet on the surface side of the water-setting resin 4 has water or moisture permeability, rainfall or the like can supply moisture to the water-setting resin 4, and the water-setting resin 4 can harden. It is also possible to make this sheet easy to peel off like release paper, and peel it off from the water-setting civil engineering sheet just before application.
帯状に形成した水硬化性土木シートを施工対象面である法面に適宜に交差させる等して例えば格子状に敷設し、簡易な枠状体（法枠）を形成するようにしてもよい。 The water-hardening civil engineering sheet formed in a strip shape can be laid, for example in a grid pattern, by appropriately intersecting it with the slope of the construction surface, to form a simple frame-shaped body (slope).
上記実施の形態では、基材１及び水硬化性樹脂４を挟持する複数のシート状部材として、保護シート２、透水性シート３を１枚ずつ用いているが、保護シート２、透水性シート３の少なくとも何れか一方を２枚以上用いてもよく、保護シート２、透水性シート３以外のシート状部材を追加積層して水硬化性土木シートを構成してもよい。 In the above embodiment, one protective sheet 2 and one water-permeable sheet 3 are used as the multiple sheet-like members sandwiching the substrate 1 and the water-curable resin 4, but two or more sheets of at least one of the protective sheet 2 and the water-permeable sheet 3 may be used, and the water-curable civil engineering sheet may be constructed by additionally laminating sheet-like members other than the protective sheet 2 and the water-permeable sheet 3.
ただし、水硬化性土木シートを施工対象面に敷設したときに、基材１及び水硬化性樹脂４に対して施工対象面と反対側にくるシート状部材を複数設ける場合、この複数のシート状部材はいずれも透水性を持ち、この複数のシート状部材のうちの少なくとも１枚は遮光性を有し、また、この複数のシート状部材のうち、基材１に接するシート状部材は基材１に接する面に上述した起毛や凹凸を設けてあることが好ましい。 However, when laying the water-curable civil engineering sheet on the surface to be applied, if multiple sheet-like members are provided on the opposite side of the substrate 1 and the water-curable resin 4 from the surface to be applied, it is preferable that all of these multiple sheet-like members have water permeability, at least one of these multiple sheet-like members has light-blocking properties, and that the sheet-like member in contact with the substrate 1 among these multiple sheet-like members has the above-mentioned raised texture or unevenness on the surface in contact with the substrate 1.
また、水硬化性土木シートを施工対象面に敷設したときに、基材１及び水硬化性樹脂４に対して施工対象面側にくるシート状部材を複数設ける場合、この複数のシート状部材はいずれも透水性又は透湿性を持ち、施工対象面に水硬化性樹脂４が滲出するように構成されているのが好ましい。 In addition, when laying the water-curable civil engineering sheet on the surface to be applied, if multiple sheet-like members are provided on the side of the substrate 1 and water-curable resin 4 that faces the surface to be applied, it is preferable that all of these multiple sheet-like members have water permeability or moisture permeability and are configured so that the water-curable resin 4 seeps out onto the surface to be applied.
水硬化性土木シートに用いる保護シート２、透水性シート３、これら以外のシート状部材の構成、使用枚数やその組み合わせ、水硬化性樹脂４の性状等により、基材１を設けなくても水硬化性樹脂４を好適に保持することができる場合は基材１を設けないようにしてもよい。 When the water-curable civil engineering sheet can be used with the protective sheet 2, the water-permeable sheet 3, and the configuration of other sheet-like members, the number of sheets used and their combination, the properties of the water-curable resin 4, etc., it is possible to hold the water-curable resin 4 suitably without providing the base material 1, so it is not necessary to provide the base material 1.
なお、上記変形例どうしを適宜組み合わせてもよいことはいうまでもない。 It goes without saying that the above modifications may be combined as appropriate.
本発明に係る水硬化性土木シートは、その他にも、（１）土構造部の脆弱部の表面保護（法肩や小段の保護・路肩の保護）、（２）防草工（腰モルタル、法面保護点検用階段の下地）、（３）降雨・日射不足から緑化が困難な裸地の保護（林地内や橋脚下部等）、（４）特殊土壌等の難緑化地の（法面）保護（強酸性土壌、岩盤法面の保護）、（５）簡易な流路工・集水ますの造設、（６）老朽化モルタル面の補修、（７）落石防止工との併用、（８）大型土嚢の補強（この場合、大型土嚢が施工対象面を構成することになる）等に用いることが考えられる。 The water-hardening civil engineering sheet of the present invention can also be used for (1) surface protection of weak parts of earth structures (protection of slopes and berms, protection of road shoulders), (2) weed control works (base for mortar and slope protection inspection stairs), (3) protection of bare areas where greening is difficult due to rainfall or lack of sunlight (forest areas, under bridge piers, etc.), (4) protection (slopes) of areas that are difficult to green due to special soils (protection of highly acidic soils and bedrock slopes), (5) construction of simple channel works and catch basins, (6) repair of deteriorated mortar surfaces, (7) combined use with rockfall prevention works, (8) reinforcement of large sandbags (in this case, the large sandbags constitute the construction surface), etc.
１ 基材
２ 保護シート
３ 透水性シート
４ 水硬化性樹脂
５ アンカーピン
Ｄ 水硬化性土木シート
Ｎ 法面
Ｓ 石や砂
1 Base material 2 Protective sheet 3 Permeable sheet 4 Water-curable resin 5 Anchor pin D Water-curable civil engineering sheet N Slope S Stone or sand
Claims (1)
前記しわのうち、比較的深いしわの大部分は、前記水硬化性土木シートの周縁部を避けた位置において、該水硬化性土木シートにリブ構造を形成するようにしたことを特徴とする水硬化性土木シートの施工方法。
A method for constructing a hydraulic civil engineering sheet that hardens by absorbing water or moisture, comprising: a hydraulic civil engineering sheet having a fibrous base material and a hydraulic resin sandwiched between a plurality of sheet-like members; and a method for constructing the hydraulic civil engineering sheet such that wrinkles are generated in the hydraulic civil engineering sheet when the hydraulic civil engineering sheet is laid on a surface to be constructed ;
A method for constructing a hydraulic civil engineering sheet, characterized in that a rib structure is formed in the hydraulic civil engineering sheet at a position where the majority of the wrinkles, which are relatively deep, avoid the peripheral portion of the hydraulic civil engineering sheet .
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010077688A (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-08 | Ube Ind Ltd | Weed-control structure for weed removal, and construction method of the same |
| JP2016180214A (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2016-10-13 | 株式会社田中 | Civil engineering structure, and construction method thereof |
| JP2018066159A (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2018-04-26 | 有限会社エコプロ | Method of constructing slope face and sheet body used therefor |
| JP2019077988A (en) | 2017-10-19 | 2019-05-23 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Repair method of water conveyance |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010077688A (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2010-04-08 | Ube Ind Ltd | Weed-control structure for weed removal, and construction method of the same |
| JP2016180214A (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2016-10-13 | 株式会社田中 | Civil engineering structure, and construction method thereof |
| JP2018066159A (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2018-04-26 | 有限会社エコプロ | Method of constructing slope face and sheet body used therefor |
| JP2019077988A (en) | 2017-10-19 | 2019-05-23 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Repair method of water conveyance |
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