JP7475628B2 - Protective layer - Google Patents

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JP7475628B2
JP7475628B2 JP2019219267A JP2019219267A JP7475628B2 JP 7475628 B2 JP7475628 B2 JP 7475628B2 JP 2019219267 A JP2019219267 A JP 2019219267A JP 2019219267 A JP2019219267 A JP 2019219267A JP 7475628 B2 JP7475628 B2 JP 7475628B2
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layer
protective material
heavy object
load
anchor
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JP2021088854A (en
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佳樹 西村
朋哉 織田
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Shibata Industrial Co Ltd
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本発明は、貨物コンテナ等の重量物が載置される構造物の上面に設置して、重量物による衝撃や荷重から構造物を保護するための保護材に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a protective material that is installed on the upper surface of a structure on which heavy objects such as cargo containers are placed, to protect the structure from impacts and loads caused by the heavy objects.

岸壁の上面に設けられるコンテナヤードでは、貨物コンテナの積み下ろしが頻繁に行われ、又、状況により同一箇所に貨物コンテナが長期間放置されることがある。貨物コンテナは重量物であるため、これをコンテナヤードに載置する際、降下による衝撃を岸壁の上面が受ける。又、貨物コンテナを同一箇所に長時間放置した場合は、岸壁の上面に荷重が継続的に作用する。このため、貨物コンテナ等の重量物を岸壁へ直に載置すると、岸壁の上面がひび割れたり欠損したりする等の損傷を受けるおそれがある。 At container yards built on the top surface of a quay, cargo containers are frequently loaded and unloaded, and depending on the circumstances, cargo containers may be left in the same place for long periods of time. Because cargo containers are heavy objects, when they are loaded into a container yard, the top surface of the quay is subjected to the impact of the descent. Furthermore, if cargo containers are left in the same place for a long period of time, the load acts continuously on the top surface of the quay. For this reason, if heavy objects such as cargo containers are loaded directly onto a quay, the top surface of the quay may be damaged, such as cracked or chipped.

そこで従来、衝撃や荷重で岸壁が損傷を受けるのを防止するため、岸壁の上面と重量物との間に保護材を配置することが行われている。 Conventionally, therefore, protective materials have been placed between the top surface of the quay and the heavy object to prevent the quay from being damaged by impacts or loads.

図４は従来の保護材の設置状況を示す斜視図であり、図５は従来の保護材の一部の断面図である。 Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the installation status of a conventional protective material, and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the conventional protective material.

図４に示すように、重量物Ｗが貨物コンテナのような脚部を有するものの場合、通常、保護材Ｑは岸壁等の構造物Ｒの上面に脚部の配置に合わせて設置される。 As shown in Figure 4, when the heavy load W has legs such as a cargo container, the protective material Q is usually installed on the top surface of a structure R such as a wharf in accordance with the arrangement of the legs.

重量物からの衝撃や荷重を支承する部材としては、特許文献１に記載の支承ブロックや、特許文献２に記載の支承材等のように、弾性材を主体とし、内部に布や不織布等の繊維質の補強材を埋設した構成のものが知られている。 As components for supporting the impact and load from heavy objects, there are known components such as the support block described in Patent Document 1 and the support material described in Patent Document 2, which are mainly made of elastic material with fibrous reinforcing material such as cloth or nonwoven fabric embedded inside.

コンテナヤードに設置される貨物コンテナ用の保護材Ｑとしては、上記のものや鋼板等の金属板のみからなるものの外、図５に示すような、弾性材から成る板状体１１における下面寄りに、鋼板等の金属板１２を埋設した構造のものが使用されることがある。このような構造の保護材Ｑは一般に、構造物Ｒへの取り付け用として、凹部１３とこの凹部１３の底部を貫通する貫通孔１４とが形成される。この保護材Ｑの取り付けは、構造物Ｒに埋設したアンカーボルト２１を貫通孔１４に挿通させ、凹部１３内へ突出させたアンカーボルト２１の頭部にナット２２を螺合させて締め付けるという構造が採用される。尚、この取付構造は、弾性材の内部に繊維質の補強材を埋設した構造の保護材にも適用される。 As protective materials Q for cargo containers installed in container yards, in addition to the above and those consisting only of metal plates such as steel plates, those having a structure in which a metal plate 12 such as a steel plate is embedded near the bottom surface of a plate-like body 11 made of elastic material, as shown in FIG. 5, are sometimes used. Protective materials Q of this structure are generally formed with a recess 13 and a through hole 14 that penetrates the bottom of this recess 13 for mounting to a structure R. The protective material Q is mounted by inserting an anchor bolt 21 embedded in the structure R into the through hole 14 and screwing a nut 22 onto the head of the anchor bolt 21 protruding into the recess 13 to tighten it. This mounting structure is also applicable to protective materials with a structure in which a fibrous reinforcing material is embedded inside an elastic material.

実公平３－２８９９４号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-28994 特開平１０－１４０５２４号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-140524

図６は、従来の保護材の問題点を説明する断面図である。 Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view that explains the problems with conventional protective materials.

例えば、重量物と岸壁との間に設置する保護材が金属板のみから成る場合、重量物を載置したときの衝撃は金属板によって或る程度分散するものの緩和されることがないので、衝撃が岸壁へ直接的に伝達され、岸壁の上面が損傷を受ける可能性が高い。又、アンカーボルトを使用して金属板を構造物へ取り付ける構造の場合、金属板の表面にアンカーボルトの頭部が突出することになるため、重量物を載置する際、アンカーボルトの頭部の位置を避けなくてはならず、重量物の設置作業が制限を受けるという問題がある。 For example, if the protective material installed between a heavy load and the quay consists only of a metal plate, the impact when the heavy load is placed is dispersed to some extent by the metal plate but not mitigated, so the impact is likely to be transmitted directly to the quay and damage the top surface of the quay. Also, in the case of a structure in which a metal plate is attached to a structure using anchor bolts, the heads of the anchor bolts protrude from the surface of the metal plate, so when placing a heavy load, the position of the heads of the anchor bolts must be avoided, which creates the problem of restricting the installation work of heavy loads.

保護材が、図５に示すような、弾性材より成る板状体１１の内部に金属板１２を埋設した構造の場合は、重量物を載置したときの衝撃は弾性材がこれを吸収して緩和することができる。しかし、図６に示すように、重量物を載置したままの状態で長期間放置した場合は、重量物の荷重Ｆにより板状体１１が局所的に弾性圧縮される状態が長時間継続することになる。その結果、板状体１１に、荷重Ｆで拘束される部位と、荷重Ｆの影響をあまり受けず変位可能な部位とが生じ、この変位可能な部位が圧縮による応力によって変形する。特に板状体１１の辺縁部は動きの自由度が大きいので、図６に仮想線で示すように、金属板１２と共に、構造物Ｒから浮き上がる方向に湾曲するという問題を生じさせる。この問題に対処するため、従来の金属板を埋設した構造の保護材Ｑでは、アンカーボルトに対する固定強度を高める必要があった。又、図５に示す保護材Ｑのようにアンカーボルト２１とナット２２とで固定する構造のものでは、アンカーボルト２１の頭部及びナット２２を収納するための凹部１３を板状体１１に形成する必要があり、板状体１１の上面を均一な平坦面にできないという問題がある。凹部１３をゴム材や合成樹脂で充填することもできるが、この場合は施工作業の工数が増えるという問題、及び、保護材の交換時に充填したゴム材や合成樹脂を除去する作業が必要になるという問題がある。 In the case where the protective material has a structure in which a metal plate 12 is embedded inside a plate-shaped body 11 made of an elastic material as shown in FIG. 5, the elastic material can absorb and mitigate the impact when a heavy object is placed on it. However, as shown in FIG. 6, if a heavy object is left on the protective material for a long period of time, the plate-shaped body 11 will continue to be locally elastically compressed by the load F of the heavy object for a long period of time. As a result, the plate-shaped body 11 has a portion that is restrained by the load F and a portion that is not greatly affected by the load F and can be displaced, and this displaceable portion is deformed by the stress due to compression. In particular, the edge portion of the plate-shaped body 11 has a large degree of freedom of movement, so as shown by the imaginary line in FIG. 6, it causes a problem that it bends in a direction that rises up from the structure R together with the metal plate 12. In order to address this problem, it was necessary to increase the fixing strength of the anchor bolt in the conventional protective material Q with a structure in which a metal plate is embedded. In addition, in a structure such as protective material Q shown in Figure 5, which is fixed with an anchor bolt 21 and a nut 22, it is necessary to form a recess 13 in the plate-like body 11 to accommodate the head of the anchor bolt 21 and the nut 22, which creates the problem that the top surface of the plate-like body 11 cannot be made uniformly flat. The recess 13 can also be filled with rubber or synthetic resin, but this increases the number of steps required for construction work and requires the work of removing the filled rubber or synthetic resin when replacing the protective material.

繊維質の補強材を埋設した構造の保護材は、上記の保護材より剛性が低いから、重量物を載置したときに板状体の辺縁部が浮き上がる問題がより顕著に生じる。又、固定のためにアンカーボルト及びナットを用いることによる上記と同様の問題を有している。 Protective materials with a structure in which fibrous reinforcing material is embedded have lower rigidity than the protective materials mentioned above, so the problem of the edges of the plate-shaped body lifting up when a heavy object is placed on it becomes more pronounced. In addition, the same problems as those mentioned above occur when anchor bolts and nuts are used for fixing.

本発明の目的は、重量物を載置したときの衝撃から構造物を確実に保護できると共に、長期間荷重が作用しても変形を生じさせることのない保護材を提供することである。 The objective of the present invention is to provide a protective material that can reliably protect a structure from the impact caused when a heavy object is placed on it, and that will not deform even if a load is applied for a long period of time.

上記目的を達成するため、請求項１記載の発明は、構造物の上面に設置されて、重量物が載置される保護材であって、金属板より成り、上面に重量物が載置される第１層と、第１層の下側に配置され、下面が構造物に接触する弾性材から成る第２層とを有し、第１層が重量物の荷重を受け、分散させた分散力として第２層に伝達し、第１層は、第１層及び第２層を貫通して下方へ突出するアンカー突起を更に有し、アンカー突起は、構造物の上面から下方へ向けて形成された取付穴に挿入可能であり、アンカー突起の突出長さは、取付穴の深さ未満であり、保護材に重量物の荷重が加わったときに、第２層が弾性的に圧縮変形して第１層が降下するのに支障を与えない長さであるものである。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention described in claim 1 is a protective material that is installed on the upper surface of a structure and on which a heavy object is placed, comprising a first layer made of a metal plate and on whose upper surface the heavy object is placed, and a second layer made of an elastic material that is arranged below the first layer and whose lower surface is in contact with the structure, the first layer receives the load of the heavy object and transmits it to the second layer as a dispersed force, the first layer further has an anchor protrusion that penetrates the first and second layers and protrudes downward, the anchor protrusion is insertable into a mounting hole formed downward from the upper surface of the structure, the protruding length of the anchor protrusion is less than the depth of the mounting hole, and is a length that does not impede the second layer from elastically compressing and deforming when the load of a heavy object is applied to the protective material, causing the first layer to descend .

このように構成すると、岸壁等の構造物の上面に保護材を設置し、その上に貨物コンテナ等の重量物を載置したとき、金属板の第１層が荷重を受け、これを分散させて弾性材から成る第２層に伝達し、第２層が弾性変形する。重量物を保護材に載置したときに加わる衝撃は、第２層が弾性変形することで吸収し、構造物への伝達を緩和する。又、保護材の下面から突出するアンカー突起を、構造物に形成した取付穴内に挿入することにより、保護材が構造物の上面に位置移動しないよう設置される。アンカー突起の突出長さは取付穴の深さ未満であるから、保護材に重量物の荷重が加わったときに、第２層が弾性的に圧縮変形して第１層が降下するのに支障を与えない。
請求項２記載の発明は、構造物の上面に設置されて、重量物が載置される保護材であって、金属板より成り、上面に重量物が載置される第１層と、第１層の下側に配置され、下面が構造物に接触する弾性材から成る第２層とを有し、第１層が重量物の荷重を受け、分散させた分散力として第２層に伝達し、第１層及び第２層は、構造物の上面に突出するように設けられた係止突起を挿入させるための貫通孔を更に有し、貫通孔の軸方向の長さは、係止突起における構造物の上面からの突出長さよりも長く、保護材に重量物の荷重が加わって、第１層が降下したときに、係止突起が第１層の上面に突出するのが防止される長さであるものである。
このように構成すると、岸壁等の構造物の上面に保護材を設置し、その上に貨物コンテナ等の重量物を載置したとき、金属板の第１層が荷重を受け、これを分散させて弾性材から成る第２層に伝達し、第２層が弾性変形する。重量物を保護材に載置したときに加わる衝撃は、第２層が弾性変形することで吸収し、構造物への伝達を緩和する。又、貫通孔に係止突起を挿入させることで、保護材が構造物の上面に位置移動しないように設置される。貫通孔の軸方向の長さは係止突起の突出長さより大きいから、保護材に重量物の荷重が加わって、第２層が弾性的に圧縮変形して第１層が降下したときに、係止突起が第１層の上面に突出するのが防止される。 With this configuration, when the protective material is installed on the top surface of a structure such as a quay and a heavy object such as a cargo container is placed on it, the first layer of the metal plate receives the load, distributes the load, and transmits it to the second layer made of elastic material, which then elastically deforms. The second layer elastically deforms to absorb the impact applied when the heavy object is placed on the protective material, and reduces the transmission of the impact to the structure. In addition, the protective material is installed so that it does not move on the top surface of the structure by inserting the anchor protrusions protruding from the bottom surface of the protective material into the mounting holes formed in the structure. Since the protruding length of the anchor protrusions is less than the depth of the mounting holes, when the load of the heavy object is applied to the protective material, the second layer elastically compresses and deforms, and does not impede the first layer from descending.
The invention described in claim 2 is a protective material that is installed on the upper surface of a structure and on which a heavy object is placed, comprising a first layer made of a metal plate and on whose upper surface the heavy object is placed, and a second layer made of an elastic material that is arranged below the first layer and whose lower surface comes into contact with the structure, wherein the first layer receives the load of the heavy object and transmits it to the second layer as a dispersed force, and the first and second layers further have through holes for inserting locking projections that are arranged to protrude from the upper surface of the structure, and the axial length of the through hole is longer than the protruding length of the locking projection from the upper surface of the structure, and is a length that prevents the locking projection from protruding onto the upper surface of the first layer when the load of a heavy object is applied to the protective material and the first layer descends.
With this configuration, when the protective material is installed on the top surface of a structure such as a quay and a heavy object such as a cargo container is placed on it, the first layer of the metal plate receives the load, distributes the load, and transmits it to the second layer made of elastic material, which then elastically deforms. The second layer elastically deforms to absorb the impact applied when the heavy object is placed on the protective material, and the transmission of the impact to the structure is mitigated. In addition, the protective material is installed so that it does not move on the top surface of the structure by inserting the locking protrusions into the through holes. Since the axial length of the through holes is greater than the protruding length of the locking protrusions, when the load of the heavy object is applied to the protective material and the second layer elastically compresses and deforms, causing the first layer to descend, the locking protrusions are prevented from protruding onto the top surface of the first layer.

請求項３記載の発明は、請求項１又は請求項２記載の発明の構成において、第１層の曲げ強さが４００Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上であるものである。 The invention described in claim 3 is the structure of the invention described in claim 1 or 2 , in which the first layer has a bending strength of 400 N/mm 2 or more.

このように構成すると、第１層は４００Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上の曲げ強さを備えるので、コンテナ等の重量物を載置したとき、及び載置状態が継続したときに、変形を生じない。曲げ強さが４００Ｎ／ｍｍ２未満であると、重量物を載置したときに、第２層の弾性変形に合わせて、変形する可能性が有る。 With this construction, the first layer has a bending strength of 400 N/mm2 or more , and therefore does not deform when a heavy object such as a container is placed on it or when the state in which the object is placed continues. If the bending strength is less than 400 N/ mm2 , there is a possibility that the first layer will deform in accordance with the elastic deformation of the second layer when a heavy object is placed on it.

請求項４記載の発明は、請求項１から請求項３のいずれかに記載の発明の構成において、第１層の上面は平坦面であるものである。 The invention described in claim 4 is the configuration of the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the upper surface of the first layer is a flat surface.

このように構成すると、保護材の上面が凹凸の無い平坦面に形成される。 When configured in this way, the top surface of the protective material is formed into a flat surface without any irregularities.

請求項１記載の発明によれば、コンテナ等の重量物を載置したときの衝撃を第２層が弾性変形することにより吸収するから、岸壁等の構造物を傷つけたり破損したりすることがない。重量物が接触する第１層は金属板から成るので、耐摩耗性、耐衝撃性に優れる。又、第１層が重量物の荷重を分散させ、第２層を均等に弾性変形させるため、局所的な変形が生じにくいので、保護材の長期使用が可能である。又、取付穴にアンカー突起を挿入させるだけで保護材を構造物に設置できるので、施工が容易である。
請求項２記載の発明によれば、コンテナ等の重量物を載置したときの衝撃を第２層が弾性変形することにより吸収するから、岸壁等の構造物を傷つけたり破損したりすることがない。重量物が接触する第１層は金属板から成るので、耐摩耗性、耐衝撃性に優れる。又、第１層が重量物の荷重を分散させ、第２層を均等に弾性変形させるため、局所的な変形が生じにくいので、保護材の長期使用が可能である。又、貫通孔に係止突起を挿入させるだけで保護材を設置できるので、施工が容易である。 According to the invention described in claim 1, the second layer absorbs the impact when a heavy object such as a container is placed on it by elastically deforming, so that structures such as a wharf are not damaged or broken. The first layer, which comes into contact with the heavy object, is made of a metal plate, so it has excellent abrasion resistance and impact resistance. In addition, the first layer distributes the load of the heavy object and causes the second layer to elastically deform evenly, so that localized deformation is unlikely to occur, allowing the protective material to be used for a long period of time. In addition, the protective material can be installed on a structure simply by inserting the anchor protrusions into the mounting holes, making installation easy.
According to the invention of claim 2, the second layer absorbs the impact when a heavy object such as a container is placed on the structure by elastic deformation, so that the structure such as a quay is not damaged or broken. The first layer, which comes into contact with the heavy object, is made of a metal plate, and is therefore excellent in abrasion resistance and impact resistance. In addition, the first layer distributes the load of the heavy object and causes the second layer to elastically deform evenly, so that localized deformation is unlikely to occur, and the protective material can be used for a long period of time. In addition, the protective material can be installed simply by inserting the locking projection into the through hole, making construction easy.

請求項３記載の発明によれば、請求項１又は請求項２記載の発明の効果に加えて、第１層がコンテナ等の重量物を載置したときに変形しないので、岸壁等の構造物の損傷を確実に防止できる。 According to the invention described in claim 3 , in addition to the effects of the invention described in claim 1 or 2 , the first layer does not deform when heavy objects such as containers are placed on it, so that damage to structures such as wharves can be reliably prevented.

請求項４記載の発明によれば、請求項１から請求項３のいずれかに記載の発明の効果に加えて、保護材の上面が平坦なので、重量物を保護材の上面の任意の位置に支障なく載置することができるから、作業性が良い。 According to the invention described in claim 4, in addition to the effects of the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 3, the upper surface of the protective material is flat, so that a heavy object can be placed at any position on the upper surface of the protective material without any hindrance, which improves workability.

本発明の第１の実施の形態による保護材の施工手順を示すものであって、保護材にアンカー突起を取り付ける要領を示す斜視図である。FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a procedure for installing the protective material according to the first embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a method for attaching anchor projections to the protective material. 本発明の第１の実施の形態による保護材の施工手順を示すものであって、保護材に取り付けたアンカー突起を、構造物に形成した取付穴に挿入する要領を示す斜視図である。FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a procedure for installing the protective material according to the first embodiment of the present invention, illustrating how to insert an anchor projection attached to the protective material into an attachment hole formed in a structure. 本発明の第１の実施の形態による保護材の設置状況を示す斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an installation state of the protective material according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 図１Ｃに示す保護材の一部の断面図である。FIG. 1D is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the protective material shown in FIG. 本発明の第２の実施の形態による保護材の施工手順を示すものであって、構造物に係止突起を埋設する要領を示す斜視図である。13 is a perspective view showing a procedure for installing a protective material according to a second embodiment of the present invention, illustrating a method for embedding a locking projection in a structure. FIG. 本発明の第２の実施の形態による保護材の施工手順を示すものであって、構造物の上面から突出する係止突起を、保護材に形成した貫通孔に挿入させる要領を示す斜視図である。FIG. 11 is an oblique view showing a procedure for installing a protective material according to a second embodiment of the present invention, illustrating how a locking protrusion protruding from the top surface of a structure is inserted into a through hole formed in the protective material. 本発明の第２の実施の形態による保護材の設置状況を示す斜視図である。FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an installation state of a protective material according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 図２Ｃに示す保護材の一部の断面図である。FIG. 2D is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the protective material shown in FIG. 2C. 本発明の他の実施形態による保護材の設置状況を示す斜視図である。FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an installation state of a protective material according to another embodiment of the present invention. 従来の保護材の設置状況を示す斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an installation state of a conventional protective material. 従来の保護材の一部の断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a conventional protective material. 従来の保護材の問題点を説明する断面図である。1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a problem with a conventional protective material.

［第１の実施の形態］
図１Ａは本発明の第１の実施の形態による保護材の施工手順を示すものであって、保護材にアンカー突起を取り付ける要領を示す斜視図であり、図１Ｂは本発明の第１の実施の形態による保護材の施工手順を示すものであって、保護材に取り付けたアンカー突起を、構造物に形成した取付穴に挿入する要領を示す斜視図であり、図１Ｃは本発明の第１の実施の形態による保護材の設置状況を示す斜視図であり、図１Ｄは図１Ｃに示す保護材の一部の断面図である。 [First embodiment]
Figure 1A shows the installation procedure for a protective material according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is an oblique view showing how to attach an anchor protrusion to the protective material; Figure 1B shows the installation procedure for a protective material according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is an oblique view showing how to insert an anchor protrusion attached to the protective material into an attachment hole formed in a structure; Figure 1C is an oblique view showing the installation status of the protective material according to the first embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 1D is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the protective material shown in Figure 1C.

本例の保護材Ｐ１は、岸壁の上面に設けられたコンテナヤードに設置することを想定しているが、重量物が載置されるものであれば、対象とする構造物の種類は特に限定されない。又、本例では、図４に示すように、保護材Ｐ１の設置状況として、重量物の底面の４隅に配置される場合を想定している。 The protective material P1 in this example is assumed to be installed in a container yard built on the upper surface of a quay, but there are no particular limitations on the type of structure it is intended to be installed on, as long as it is capable of carrying heavy objects. In this example, the protective material P1 is assumed to be installed in the four corners of the bottom surface of a heavy object, as shown in Figure 4.

保護材Ｐ１は、金属板より成る第１層１と、第１層１の下側に配置される弾性材から成る第２層２とを有する。更に、第１層１に取り付けられ、第２層２を貫通して下方へ突出するアンカー突起３を有する。 The protective material P1 has a first layer 1 made of a metal plate and a second layer 2 made of an elastic material that is disposed below the first layer 1. It also has an anchor protrusion 3 that is attached to the first layer 1 and protrudes downward through the second layer 2.

第１層１を構成する金属板は、ステンレス鋼板（例えばＳＳ４００）や鉄板等を使用できる。 The metal plate constituting the first layer 1 can be a stainless steel plate (e.g., SS400) or an iron plate.

又、第１層１の曲げ強さは４００Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上であることが望ましい。曲げ強さをこのように設定することにより、貨物コンテナ等の重量物を載置したとき、及び載置状態が継続したときに、第１層に変形を生じさせず、岸壁等の構造物の損傷を確実に防止することができる。曲げ強さが４００Ｎ／ｍｍ２未満であると、重量物を載置したときに、第２層２の弾性変形に合わせて、第１層１が湾曲等の変形を生じさせる可能性が有る。 Moreover, it is desirable that the bending strength of the first layer 1 is 400 N/ mm2 or more. By setting the bending strength in this manner, it is possible to prevent the first layer from deforming when a heavy object such as a cargo container is placed on the first layer and when the loaded state continues, and to reliably prevent damage to structures such as a wharf. If the bending strength is less than 400 N/ mm2 , there is a possibility that the first layer 1 will bend or deform in accordance with the elastic deformation of the second layer 2 when a heavy object is placed on the first layer 1.

第２層２は、弾性材から成り、ゴムや、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレン等の合成樹脂が使用される。第２層の望ましい物性は、引っ張り強さが１６ＭＰａ以上、伸びが３５０％以上を有することである。 The second layer 2 is made of an elastic material, such as rubber or a synthetic resin such as polyurethane or polyethylene. The desired physical properties of the second layer are a tensile strength of 16 MPa or more and an elongation of 350% or more.

尚、保護材全体の厚みは２０～３０ｍｍ、第１層の厚みは１０～１５ｍｍ、第２層の厚みは１０～２０ｍｍの範囲に設定するのが好ましい。 It is preferable to set the thickness of the entire protective material to 20-30 mm, the thickness of the first layer to 10-15 mm, and the thickness of the second layer to 10-20 mm.

アンカー突起３は、第１層１と同種又は異なる種類の金属棒、或いは合成樹脂性の棒体が使用される。アンカー突起３を第１層１に固定する手段は、本例では図１Ｄに示すように、第１層１の適所にネジ孔１ａを形成すると共に、第２層２にネジ孔１ａに連通する貫通孔２ａを形成し、ネジ孔１ａにアンカー突起３の頭部に形成した雄ネジ部３ａを螺合させる構造が採用される。或いは、アンカー突起３を溶接や接着剤で第１層１に固定することも可能である。このとき、アンカー突起３の頭部は、第１層１の上面と面一であるか、又は、少なくとも突出しないことが望ましい。第１層の上面が突出部を持たないか又は平坦面に形成されることにより、重量物を保護材Ｐ１の上面の任意の位置に支障なく載置することが可能となる。更に、第１層の上面を凹凸の無い平坦面とすれば、ゴミ等が溜まるのを防止できる。 The anchor projection 3 is made of a metal rod of the same or different type as the first layer 1, or a rod made of synthetic resin. In this example, the means for fixing the anchor projection 3 to the first layer 1 is a structure in which a screw hole 1a is formed at a suitable position in the first layer 1, a through hole 2a communicating with the screw hole 1a is formed in the second layer 2, and the male screw portion 3a formed on the head of the anchor projection 3 is screwed into the screw hole 1a, as shown in FIG. 1D. Alternatively, the anchor projection 3 can be fixed to the first layer 1 by welding or adhesive. In this case, it is desirable that the head of the anchor projection 3 is flush with the upper surface of the first layer 1, or at least does not protrude. By forming the upper surface of the first layer as a flat surface or without a protruding portion, it is possible to place a heavy object at any position on the upper surface of the protective material P1 without any hindrance. Furthermore, if the upper surface of the first layer is a flat surface without any unevenness, it is possible to prevent dust and the like from accumulating.

アンカー突起３は、図１Ｄに示すように、構造物Ｒの上面から下方へ向けて形成された取付穴４に挿入可能であり、第２層２の下面からの突出長さは、取付穴４の深さ未満に設定される。これは、保護材Ｐ１に重量物の荷重が加わったときに、第２層２が弾性的に圧縮変形して第１層１が降下するのを許容するためである。 As shown in FIG. 1D, the anchor protrusions 3 can be inserted into mounting holes 4 formed downward from the top surface of the structure R, and the protruding length from the bottom surface of the second layer 2 is set to be less than the depth of the mounting holes 4. This is to allow the second layer 2 to elastically compress and deform, causing the first layer 1 to drop, when a heavy load is applied to the protective material P1.

次に、本例の保護材Ｐ１の施工手順を説明する。まず始めに、構造物Ｒの上面における保護材Ｐ１の設置予定箇所に墨出し作業を行う。これは、アンカー突起３を取り付ける前の保護材Ｐ１を設置予定箇所に仮置きし、ネジ孔１ａ及び貫通孔２ａを通じて塗料等を構造物Ｒの上面に塗布することにより、取付穴４を形成する位置をマーキングすることで実行される。続いて、構造物Ｒの上面におけるマーキングした位置に、ドリル等で穿孔して取付穴４を形成する。他方、保護材Ｐ１のネジ孔１ａにアンカー突起３の雄ネジ部３ａを螺合させて、アンカー突起３を取り付ける（図１Ａ参照）。引き続き、アンカー突起３を構造物Ｒに形成した取付穴４に挿入する（図１Ｂ参照）ことで、所定箇所に保護材Ｐ１が設置される（図１Ｃ参照）。 Next, the construction procedure of the protective material P1 of this example will be described. First, the location on the top surface of the structure R where the protective material P1 is to be installed is marked out. This is performed by temporarily placing the protective material P1 before the anchor protrusions 3 are attached at the intended installation location, and applying paint or the like to the top surface of the structure R through the screw holes 1a and the through holes 2a to mark the location where the mounting holes 4 are to be formed. Next, the mounting holes 4 are formed at the marked locations on the top surface of the structure R by drilling with a drill or the like. On the other hand, the male threaded portion 3a of the anchor protrusion 3 is screwed into the screw hole 1a of the protective material P1 to attach the anchor protrusion 3 (see FIG. 1A). Next, the anchor protrusion 3 is inserted into the mounting hole 4 formed in the structure R (see FIG. 1B), and the protective material P1 is installed at the specified location (see FIG. 1C).

このようにして設置される保護材Ｐ１は、取付穴４にアンカー突起３を挿入させるだけで構造物Ｒに設置できるので施工が非常に容易であり、交換や補修等の必要に応じて取り外すのも簡単である。アンカー突起３を取付穴４内に挿入することにより、構造物Ｒの上面に対し位置移動するのが阻止される。又、図１Ｄに示すように、アンカー突起３の突出長さは取付穴４の深さ未満に設定されているので、保護材Ｐ１に重量物の荷重が加わったときに、第２層２が弾性的に圧縮変形して第１層が降下するのに支障を与えない。従って、保護材Ｐ１に貨物コンテナ等の重量物を載置したときに加わる衝撃を、第２層２が弾性変形することで確実に吸収し、構造物Ｒへの伝達を緩和する。 The protective material P1 thus installed is very easy to install on the structure R simply by inserting the anchor protrusions 3 into the mounting holes 4, and can also be easily removed when necessary for replacement or repair. By inserting the anchor protrusions 3 into the mounting holes 4, the positional movement relative to the upper surface of the structure R is prevented. As shown in FIG. 1D, the protruding length of the anchor protrusions 3 is set to be less than the depth of the mounting holes 4, so that when a heavy load is applied to the protective material P1, the second layer 2 is elastically compressed and deformed, and the first layer does not get in the way of descending. Therefore, the second layer 2 elastically deforms to reliably absorb the impact applied when a heavy load such as a cargo container is placed on the protective material P1, and the transmission of the impact to the structure R is mitigated.

又、保護材Ｐ１の上に重量物を載置した状態が継続した場合に、保護材Ｐ１に作用する荷重Ｆは、先ず金属板の第１層１が受け、これをほぼ均一に分散させた分散力ｆとして弾性材から成る第２層２に伝達し、第２層をほぼ均等に弾性変形させる。従って、第２層の局所的な変形が生じにくいので、辺縁部における浮き上がり等や湾曲等の変形が生じにくく、長期的な使用が可能である。 In addition, when a heavy object is left on the protective material P1 for a long period of time, the load F acting on the protective material P1 is first received by the first layer 1 of the metal plate, which is then transmitted to the second layer 2 made of elastic material as a nearly uniformly distributed dispersion force f, causing the second layer to elastically deform almost uniformly. As a result, localized deformation of the second layer is unlikely to occur, and deformation such as lifting or curvature at the edges is unlikely to occur, allowing for long-term use.

重量物が接触する第１層は、剛性が高い金属板から成るので、耐摩耗性、耐衝撃性に優れると共に、弾性材から成る第２層を保護するので、長期にわたる使用が可能である。 The first layer, which comes into contact with heavy objects, is made of a highly rigid metal plate, making it highly resistant to wear and impact, while also protecting the second layer, which is made of elastic material, allowing for long-term use.

構造物に接触する第２層は弾性体から成るので、構造物上面の摩耗を防止することができる。 The second layer that comes into contact with the structure is made of an elastic material, which helps prevent wear on the top surface of the structure.

このように本例の保護材Ｐ１は、重量物を載置したときの衝撃や荷重を緩和して、岸壁等の構造物が損傷するのを確実に防止する。 In this way, the protective material P1 of this example absorbs the impact and load when a heavy object is placed on it, reliably preventing damage to structures such as wharves.

［第２の実施の形態］
図２Ａは本発明の第２の実施の形態による保護材の施工手順を示すものであって、構造物に係止突起を埋設する要領を示す斜視図であり、図２Ｂは本発明の第２の実施の形態による保護材の施工手順を示すものであって、構造物の上面から突出する係止突起を、保護材に形成した貫通孔に挿入させる要領を示す斜視図であり、図２Ｃは本発明の第２の実施の形態による保護材の設置状況を示す斜視図であり、図２Ｄは図２Ｃに示す保護材の一部の断面図である。 [Second embodiment]
Figure 2A shows the installation procedure of a protective material according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and is an oblique view showing how to embed a locking projection in a structure; Figure 2B shows the installation procedure of a protective material according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and is an oblique view showing how to insert a locking projection protruding from the top surface of a structure into a through hole formed in the protective material; Figure 2C is an oblique view showing the installation status of the protective material according to the second embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 2D is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the protective material shown in Figure 2C.

本例の保護材Ｐ２の第１層１及び第２層２の材質等は、第１の実施の形態と共通である。本例では、第１層１及び第２層２に貫通孔７を形成し、これに構造物の上面に突出するように設けた係止突起５を挿入させる構成としたところを特色とする。 The materials of the first layer 1 and second layer 2 of the protective material P2 in this example are the same as those in the first embodiment. This example is characterized in that through holes 7 are formed in the first layer 1 and second layer 2, and locking protrusions 5 that protrude from the upper surface of the structure are inserted into the through holes.

係止突起５は、第１層１と同種又は異なる種類の金属棒、或いは合成樹脂性の棒体が使用される。或いは例えばアンカーボルトが使用され、その一部が上面から突出するように構造体Ｒに埋設される。具体的には、構造体Ｒの施工時に係止突起５を埋設してもよく、既設の構造体Ｒに取付穴を穿設して埋設してもよい。 The locking projections 5 are made of the same or different metal rods as the first layer 1, or synthetic resin rods. Alternatively, anchor bolts are used, and are embedded in the structure R so that a portion of them protrudes from the top surface. Specifically, the locking projections 5 may be embedded when the structure R is constructed, or may be embedded in an existing structure R after a mounting hole is drilled.

本例の保護材はＰ２は、第１層１及び第２層２を貫通させて形成した貫通孔７に、構造物Ｒにその一部が上面から突出するように埋設した係止突起５を挿通させることで、構造物Ｒに対して位置移動が生じないように設置される。又、保護材Ｐ２に重量物の荷重が加わったときに、第２層２が弾性的に圧縮変形して第１層１が降下するのが許容される。 In this example, the protective material P2 is installed so that it does not move relative to the structure R by inserting a locking projection 5 embedded in the structure R so that a part of it protrudes from the upper surface into a through hole 7 formed by penetrating the first layer 1 and the second layer 2. In addition, when a heavy load is applied to the protective material P2, the second layer 2 is elastically compressed and deformed, allowing the first layer 1 to drop.

尚、図２Ｄに示すように、貫通孔７の軸方向の長さは、係止突起５における構造物Ｒの上面からの突出長さよりも長く設定される。これにより、保護材Ｐ２に重量物の荷重が加わって第１層１が降下したときに、係止突起５が第１層１の上面に突出するのが防止される。 As shown in FIG. 2D, the axial length of the through hole 7 is set to be longer than the length of the locking protrusion 5 protruding from the top surface of the structure R. This prevents the locking protrusion 5 from protruding from the top surface of the first layer 1 when the load of a heavy object is applied to the protective material P2 and the first layer 1 descends.

次に、本例の保護材Ｐ２の施工手順を説明する。係止突起を既設の構造物に後から埋設する場合は、まず始めに、構造物Ｒの上面における保護材Ｐ２の設置予定箇所に墨出し作業を行う。これは、保護材Ｐ２を設置予定箇所に仮置きし、貫通孔７を通じて塗料等を構造物Ｒの上面に塗布することにより、取付穴６を形成する位置をマーキングすることで実行される。続いて、構造物Ｒの上面におけるマーキングした位置に、ドリル等で穿孔して取付穴６を形成する（図２Ａ参照）。そして、この取付孔６に係止突起５を、その一部が構造物Ｒの上面から突出するように、構造物Ｒに埋設する（図２Ｂ参照）。引き続き、保護材Ｐ２の貫通孔７に係止突起５を挿入させることで、所定箇所に保護材Ｐ２が設置される（図２Ｃ参照）。 Next, the construction procedure of the protective material P2 in this example will be described. When embedding the locking projection in an existing structure later, first, the location on the top surface of the structure R where the protective material P2 is to be installed is marked out. This is performed by temporarily placing the protective material P2 at the intended installation location, and applying paint or the like to the top surface of the structure R through the through hole 7 to mark the location where the mounting hole 6 is to be formed. Next, the mounting hole 6 is formed by drilling with a drill or the like at the marked location on the top surface of the structure R (see FIG. 2A). Then, the locking projection 5 is embedded in the structure R in the mounting hole 6 so that a part of it protrudes from the top surface of the structure R (see FIG. 2B). Next, the locking projection 5 is inserted into the through hole 7 of the protective material P2, and the protective material P2 is installed in the specified location (see FIG. 2C).

このようにして設置される保護材Ｐ２は、貫通孔７に係止突起５を挿入させるだけで構造物Ｒに設置できるので施工が非常に容易であり、交換や補修等の必要に応じ取り外すのも簡単である。係止突起５が貫通孔７内に挿入されることにより、保護材Ｐ２が構造物Ｒの上面に対し位置移動するのが阻止される。又、図２Ｄに示すように、係止突起５の突出長さは貫通孔７の軸方向長さ未満に設定されているので、第１層１の表面に突出部分が形成されないから、重量物を保護材Ｐ２の任意の位置に載置することが可能である。係止突起５は貫通孔７内を自由に軸方向移動できるので、保護材Ｐ２に重量物の荷重が加わったときに、第２層２が弾性的に圧縮変形して第１層１が降下するのに支障を与えない。従って、保護材Ｐ２に貨物コンテナ等の重量物を載置したときに加わる衝撃を、第２層２が弾性変形することで確実に吸収し、構造物Ｒへの伝達を緩和する。 The protective material P2 thus installed is very easy to install on the structure R simply by inserting the locking projection 5 into the through hole 7, and can be easily removed when necessary for replacement or repair. The locking projection 5 is inserted into the through hole 7 to prevent the protective material P2 from moving relative to the upper surface of the structure R. As shown in FIG. 2D, the protruding length of the locking projection 5 is set to be less than the axial length of the through hole 7, so that no protruding portion is formed on the surface of the first layer 1, and therefore a heavy object can be placed at any position on the protective material P2. The locking projection 5 can freely move axially within the through hole 7, so that when a heavy object load is applied to the protective material P2, the second layer 2 is elastically compressed and deformed, and the first layer 1 does not get in the way of descending. Therefore, the second layer 2 elastically deforms to reliably absorb the impact applied when a heavy object such as a cargo container is placed on the protective material P2, and the transmission of the impact to the structure R is mitigated.

又、保護材Ｐ２の上に重量物を載置した状態が継続した場合に、保護材Ｐ２に作用する荷重は、先ず金属板の第１層１が受け、これをほぼ均一に分散させた分散力として弾性材から成る第２層２に伝達され、第２層２をほぼ均等に弾性変形させる。従って、第２層２の局所的な変形が生じにくいので、辺縁部における浮き上がり等や湾曲等の変形が生じにくく、長期的な使用が可能である。 In addition, when a heavy object is left on the protective material P2 for a long period of time, the load acting on the protective material P2 is first received by the first layer 1 of the metal plate, and then transmitted to the second layer 2 made of elastic material as a nearly uniformly distributed dispersion force, causing the second layer 2 to elastically deform almost uniformly. As a result, localized deformation of the second layer 2 is unlikely to occur, and deformation such as lifting or curvature at the edges is unlikely to occur, allowing for long-term use.

重量物が接触する第１層は、剛性が高い金属板から成るので、耐摩耗性、耐衝撃性に優れると共に、弾性材から成る第２層を保護するので、長期にわたる使用が可能である。 The first layer, which comes into contact with heavy objects, is made of a highly rigid metal plate, making it highly resistant to wear and impact, while also protecting the second layer, which is made of elastic material, allowing for long-term use.

構造物に接触する第２層は弾性体から成るので、構造物上面の摩耗を防止することができる。 The second layer that comes into contact with the structure is made of an elastic material, which helps prevent wear on the top surface of the structure.

このように本例の保護材Ｐ２は、重量物を載置したときの衝撃や荷重を緩和して、岸壁等の構造物が損傷するのを確実に防止する。 In this way, the protective material P2 of this example absorbs the impact and load when a heavy object is placed on it, reliably preventing damage to structures such as wharves.

[その他の実施の形態]
図３は、本発明の他の実施形態による保護材の設置状況を示す斜視図である。 [Other embodiments]
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an installation state of a protective material according to another embodiment of the present invention.

保護材の寸法等は、実施の状況に応じ適宜変更できる。例えば図３の（Ａ）に示すように、貨物コンテナ等の重量物Ｗに対し、両端の２箇所に配置する態様の保護材Ｐ３とすることが考えられる。更に、図３の（Ｂ）に示すように、重量物Ｗの底面全体の面積に対応し得る大きさの保護材Ｐ４とすることもできる。 The dimensions of the protective material can be changed as appropriate depending on the implementation situation. For example, as shown in FIG. 3(A), a protective material P3 can be placed at two locations on both ends of a heavy load W such as a cargo container. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3(B), a protective material P4 can be made large enough to cover the entire area of the bottom surface of the heavy load W.

更に、重量物１個当たりの保護材の使用個数は、例えばより大型の重量物の場合、図４に示す４個に限定されるものではなく、６個、又は８個以上を使用することもできる。 Furthermore, the number of protective materials used per heavy object is not limited to the four shown in FIG. 4, but may be six, eight or more, for example, in the case of a larger heavy object.

更に、保護材の平面形状は、図面に例示した矩形以外に、円形や、六角形等の多角形状とすることもできる。円形の場合、保護材の中心部の一箇所のみを、アンカー突起又は係止突起で取り付けることが考えられる。 Furthermore, the planar shape of the protective material can be a circle or a polygon such as a hexagon, other than the rectangular shape exemplified in the drawings. If it is a circle, it is conceivable to attach the protective material to only one point in the center with an anchor protrusion or a locking protrusion.

Ｐ１…保護材
Ｐ２…保護材
Ｐ３…保護材
Ｐ４…保護材
Ｑ…保護材（従来）
Ｒ…構造物
Ｗ…重量物
１…第１層
１ａ…ネジ孔
２…第２層
２ａ…貫通孔
３…アンカー突起
３ａ…雄ネジ部
４…取付穴
５…係止突起
６…取付穴
７…貫通孔
１１…板状体
１２…金属板
１３…凹部
１４…貫通孔
２１…アンカーボルト
２２…ナット
Ｆ…荷重
ｆ…分散力
尚、各図中同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示す。 P1: protective material P2: protective material P3: protective material P4: protective material Q: protective material (conventional)
R...structure W...heavy object 1...first layer 1a...screw hole 2...second layer 2a...through hole 3...anchor protrusion 3a...male threaded portion 4...mounting hole 5...locking protrusion 6...mounting hole 7...through hole 11...plate-shaped body 12...metal plate 13...recess 14...through hole 21...anchor bolt 22...nut F...load f...distributed force.Note that the same symbols in each drawing indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Claims (4)

構造物の上面に設置されて、重量物が載置される保護材であって、
金属板より成り、上面に前記重量物が載置される第１層と、前記第１層の下側に配置され、下面が前記構造物に接触する弾性材から成る第２層とを有し、前記第１層が前記重量物の荷重を受け、分散させた分散力として前記第２層に伝達し、
前記第１層は、前記第１層及び前記第２層を貫通して下方へ突出するアンカー突起を更に有し、
前記アンカー突起は、前記構造物の上面から下方へ向けて形成された取付穴に挿入可能であり、
前記アンカー突起の突出長さは、前記取付穴の深さ未満であり、前記保護材に前記重量物の荷重が加わったときに、前記第２層が弾性的に圧縮変形して前記第１層が降下するのに支障を与えない長さである、保護材。 A protective material that is installed on the upper surface of a structure and on which a heavy object is placed,
The device comprises a first layer made of a metal plate on whose upper surface the heavy object is placed , and a second layer made of an elastic material disposed below the first layer and whose lower surface contacts the structure , the first layer receiving the load of the heavy object and transmitting it to the second layer as a distributed force,
the first layer further includes an anchor projection extending downward through the first layer and the second layer;
The anchor protrusion is insertable into a mounting hole formed downward from an upper surface of the structure,
A protective material in which the protruding length of the anchor protrusion is less than the depth of the mounting hole and is a length that does not hinder the second layer from elastically compressing and deforming to cause the first layer to descend when the load of the heavy object is applied to the protective material. 構造物の上面に設置されて、重量物が載置される保護材であって、
金属板より成り、上面に前記重量物が載置される第１層と、前記第１層の下側に配置され、下面が前記構造物に接触する弾性材から成る第２層とを有し、前記第１層が前記重量物の荷重を受け、分散させた分散力として前記第２層に伝達し、
前記第１層及び前記第２層は、前記構造物の上面に突出するように設けられた係止突起を挿入させるための貫通孔を更に有し、
前記貫通孔の軸方向の長さは、前記係止突起における前記構造物の上面からの突出長さよりも長く、前記保護材に前記重量物の荷重が加わって、前記第１層が降下したときに、前記係止突起が前記第１層の上面に突出するのが防止される長さである、保護材。 A protective material that is installed on the upper surface of a structure and on which a heavy object is placed,
The device comprises a first layer made of a metal plate on whose upper surface the heavy object is placed, and a second layer made of an elastic material disposed below the first layer and whose lower surface contacts the structure, the first layer receiving the load of the heavy object and transmitting it to the second layer as a distributed force,
the first layer and the second layer further have through holes for inserting locking protrusions provided so as to protrude from an upper surface of the structure;
A protective material in which the axial length of the through hole is longer than the protruding length of the locking projection from the top surface of the structure, and is a length that prevents the locking projection from protruding onto the top surface of the first layer when the load of the heavy object is applied to the protective material and the first layer descends . 前記第１層の曲げ強さが４００Ｎ／ｍｍ２以上である、請求項１又は請求項２記載の保護材。 The protective material according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the first layer has a bending strength of 400 N/mm2 or more. 前記第１層の上面は平坦面である、請求項１から請求項３のいずれかに記載の保護材。
The protective material according to claim 1 , wherein the upper surface of the first layer is a flat surface .
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