JP7475288B2 - 不動態化剤を用いて多層材料をリサイクルするための分離流体、方法及び装置 - Google Patents
不動態化剤を用いて多層材料をリサイクルするための分離流体、方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7475288B2 JP7475288B2 JP2020566892A JP2020566892A JP7475288B2 JP 7475288 B2 JP7475288 B2 JP 7475288B2 JP 2020566892 A JP2020566892 A JP 2020566892A JP 2020566892 A JP2020566892 A JP 2020566892A JP 7475288 B2 JP7475288 B2 JP 7475288B2
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- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005549 size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium acetic acid acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(O)=O.CC([O-])=O BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
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- B32B43/006—Delaminating
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/06—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/06—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions
- C08J11/08—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions using selective solvents for polymer components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0268—Separation of metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0293—Dissolving the materials in gases or liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2705/02—Aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
- B29L2031/7162—Boxes, cartons, cases
- B29L2031/7166—Cartons of the fruit juice or milk type, i.e. containers of polygonal cross sections formed by folding blanks into a tubular body with end-closing or contents-supporting elements, e.g. gable type containers
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
2Me(s)+6HA→2Me3++6A-+3H2(g) (1)
(式中、Meは、周期表の第13族(ホウ素族)の金属を表し、HAは、プロトン性ルイス酸を表し、A-は、ルイス酸の対応するアニオンを表す)。この一般的反応は、標準水素電極(SHE)の電位と類似(半貴金属)の、又はより負(非貴金属)の標準電極電位(E0)を有する、周期表の第13族の金属以外の非貴金属又は半貴金属にも成立する。
2Al(s)+2H3PO4(l)→2AlPO4(s)+3H2(g) (2)
Al+CH3COOH+NaH2PO4→AlPO4(s)+CH3COONa+1.5H2(g) (3)
式(2)及び(3)は、アルミニウムが多層包装材料中で用いられる最も共通する金属中間層であるために選択されている。しかしこれらの等式は、アルミニウムへの保護を限定するものではない。式(2)及び(3)はまた、銅、スズ、鉛、亜鉛に加え、金属合金に対しても成立する。
包装材料中で用いられる他の複層材料の非限定的な例としては、コーヒーの包装及び飲み物の包装の中で用いられるLDPE(=低密度ポリエチレン)/アルミニウム/PET、又はコーヒーの包装及びペットフードの包装の中で用いられるPP(=ポリプロピレン)/アルミニウム/ポリエステル積層体、又は工業用の顆粒原材料の包装若しくは歯磨き粉チューブの中で用いられるLDPE/アルミニウム/LDPEが挙げられる。別の例は、通常はLLDPE(=直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン)/アルミニウム/LLDPEで構成される無菌汎用飲料用紙パックの内部部分(ポリマー及びアルミニウム)である。
以下に列挙された組成物は、単に適切な配合の例であり、本発明の限定ではない(全て重量パーセント値)。各組成物に対応する以下に列挙された例は、単に適切な適用の例であり、本発明の限定を意図するものではない。
60gのLDPE/アルミニウム/PET材料(フレーク、1cm2、飲料用スタンドアップパウチから)が、1kgの分離液(組成物1)と共に70℃でかき回される。アルミニウムからのLDPEの脱離が、2時間後に完了し、アルミニウムからのPETの脱離が、4時間後に完了する。
30gのLDPE/アルミニウム/PET材料(フレーク、3cm2、軽食の包装から)が、1kgの分離液(組成物1)と共に70℃でかき回される。アルミニウムからのLDPEの脱離が、2時間後に完了し、アルミニウムからのPETの脱離が、4時間後に完了する。
60gのLDPE/アルミニウム/PET材料(フレーク、2cm2、歯磨き粉のチューブから)が、1kgの分離液(組成物1)と共に70℃でかき回される。アルミニウムからのLDPEの脱離が、2時間後に完了する。
PP/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の3枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物1)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPP及びPETの脱離が、5時間後に完了する。
30gのLLDPE/アルミニウム/LLDPE+LLDPE材料(フレーク、10cm2、無菌飲料用紙パックの内部部分)が、1kgの分離液(組成物1)と共に40℃でかき回される。LLDPEからのアルミニウムの脱離が、2時間後に完了する。
20gのOPA/アルミニウム/LLDPE材料(フレーク、1cm2、ガストロノミックなビール貯蔵のための大容量パウチ)が、1kgの分離液(組成物1)と共に70℃でかき回される。OPA及びLLDPEからのアルミニウムの脱離が、5時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物2)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、1時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物3)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、10時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物4)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、8時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物5)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、6時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物6)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、3.5時間後に完了する。
80gのLDPE/アルミニウム/PET材料(フレーク、1cm2、飲料用スタンドアップパウチから)が、2kgの分離液(組成物7)と共に70℃でかき回される。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、4時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物8)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、4時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物9)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、2時間後に完了する。アルミニウムフレークは、腐食の最初の兆候を示した。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物10)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、3時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物11)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、4時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物12)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、4時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物13)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、3時間後に完了する。
PE/アルミニウム/PETフレーク(1cm2、ホイル及びコンバータの会社から得られたコーヒーの包装と同様の積層体試料)の5枚の単一切片が、20gの分離液(組成物14)と共に70℃で振とうされる。アルミニウムからのPE及びPETの脱離が、4時間後に完了する。
20 第一のポリマー層
30 金属層
40 第二のポリマー層
50 ベール
300 切断又は破砕装置
310 槽
320 攪拌器
330 分離流体
340 流体ディスペンサ
350 ふるい装置
355 流体リサイクル装置
360 洗浄機
365 水リサイクル装置
370 湿式選別機
380 乾燥ユニット
390 乾式選別ユニット
395 後加工
Claims (14)
- 少なくとも1つの金属層と、1つのさらなる層とを含有する多層系を分離するための分離流体(330)であって、水と、カルボン酸と、カルボン酸塩と、不動態化剤との混合物を含み、前記不動態化剤が、リン酸塩、ホスホン酸塩、ホスフィン酸塩、又はそれらの混合物であり
前記カルボン酸が、いずれかの比率の水混和性カルボン酸であり、2.0~8.0のpKa値を有し、そして、
前記カルボン酸塩が、水に可溶性であり(20℃では水100gあたりカルボン酸塩10gを超える溶解度)、6.0~13.0のpKb値を有する、
分離流体(330)(但し、アルカリ金属水酸化物を含む分離流体(330)を除く)。 - 前記カルボン酸が、ギ酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸若しくは酪酸、又はそれらの混合物からなるC1~C4脂肪酸の群から選択される、請求項1に記載の分離流体。
- 前記カルボン酸塩並びに前記不動態化剤の対カチオンが、金属カチオン又は錯カチオンであり、前記金属カチオンが、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属又はアンモニウムのうちの1つである、請求項1または2に記載の分離流体。
- 前記カルボン酸塩が、前記用いられたカルボン酸の対応するルイス塩基である、請求項1または2に記載の分離流体。
- 前記不動態化剤が、20℃で水100gあたり0.01gより大きな水溶解度を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の分離流体。
- 前記混合物の成分が、20~70重量%のカルボン酸と、最大5重量%の不動態化剤と、0.05~10重量%のカルボン酸塩と、30~70重量%の水とを含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の分離流体。
- 複層材料(10)における金属層(30)の、さらなる層(20、40)からの分離のための方法であって、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の分離流体(330)を含む槽(310)内に前記複層材料(10)を配置すること、
を含む、方法。 - 前記分離流体(330)を前記複層材料(10)の成分と共にふるいにかけること又は濾過すること(240)のうちの少なくとも一方と、その後、前記金属層(30)からの金属の第一の画分及び前記さらなる層(20、40)からのプラスチックの第二の画分を得るために選別すること(260、280)とをさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記分離が、20℃~90℃の温度で実行される、請求項7または8に記載の方法。
- 前記分離流体が、1.5~5のpH値を有する、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記複層材料(10)が、少なくとも1つの金属層と、少なくとも1つのさらなる層(20、40)とを含む、請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの金属層(30)と、少なくとも1つのさらなる層(20、40)とを含む複層材料(10)を含む包装材料(300)をリサイクルするための方法であって、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の分離流体(330)を含む槽(310)内に前記包装材料(300)を配置して、前記金属層(30)からの金属片と、前記さらなる層(20、40)からのプラスチック片と、残りの成分との混合物を生成すること(260)、
を含む、方法。 - 前記金属片及び前記プラスチック片を選別(280)及び分離して、金属粒子を生成することをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 複層材料(10)から作製された包装材料のリサイクルのための装置であって、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の分離流体(330)を有する槽(310)と;
前記包装材料(300)を前記槽(310)内に輸送するための輸送装置と;
前記分離流体(330)と前記包装材料(300)との組み合わせから分離された材料を取り出す(240)ためのふるい/濾過装置(350)と、
を含む、装置。
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