JP7471600B2 - 抗原ペプチド-アジュバントヌクレオチドコンジュゲート体を含む免疫誘導剤及びそれを含む医薬組成物 - Google Patents
抗原ペプチド-アジュバントヌクレオチドコンジュゲート体を含む免疫誘導剤及びそれを含む医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
Xは、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し(ここで各Xは同じであっても異なっていてもよい)、
Rは、(CH2)pO、(CH2)qNH、(CH2CH2O)mのいずれかを表し(m、p及びqは、それぞれ独立して10以下の自然数を表す。)、
nは、10以下の自然数を表す。
前記抗原性を有するペプチドのアミノ酸長が5以上30以下であり、
前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体が2以上のCpGモチーフを含むポリデオキシリボヌクレオチド(DNA)又はDNA誘導体であり、
前記ポリヌクレオチド誘導体が、リン酸ジエステル結合の少なくとも一部がホスホロチオエート結合で置換されたポリヌクレオチド誘導体であり、および、
前記スペーサーと前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体との間の共有結合及び前記スペーサーと前記抗原性を有するペプチドとの間の共有結合との一方又は双方が生体環境中で切断可能な共有結合である構造を有することが好ましい。
前記抗原性を有するペプチドのアミノ酸長が8以上11以下であり、
前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体が2以上のCpGモチーフを含み、塩基長が20以上30以下であるポリデオキシリボヌクレオチド(DNA)又はDNA誘導体であり、
前記ポリヌクレオチド誘導体が、リン酸ジエステル結合の90%以上がホスホロチオエート結合で置換されたポリヌクレオチド誘導体であり、
前記ポリヌクレオチド/ペプチドコンジュゲートを構成する前記抗原性を有するペプチドと、前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体に結合した前記スペーサーとが、前記抗原性を有するペプチドのN末端のシステイン残基のチオール基と前記スペーサーの有するチオール基との反応により生成した共有結合(ジスルフィド結合)を介して結合しており、および、
前記スペーサーが、下記のいずれかの式
式(A):[ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体]-Sp-[抗原性を有するペプチド]
アルキンとアジド化合物(アジ化物)は、下記に示すような付加環化反応(フイスゲン反応)により、1,2,3-トリアゾール環を形成する。両者は、生体分子を含む多くの有機化合物に導入可能な安定な官能基であり、水を含む溶媒中でも迅速かつほぼ定量的に反応し、殆ど副反応を伴わず、余分な廃棄物を生成しないため、いわゆる「クリックケミストリー」の中心的な反応として、生化学の分野で広く用いられている。アルキン誘導体及びアジド基は、任意の公知の方法を用いて、抗原性を有するペプチド又はポリヌクレオチド若しくはポリヌクレオチド誘導体に導入することができる。アルキン誘導体としては、プロパルギルアルコール、プロパルギルアミン等の反応性官能基を有するものが容易に入手でき、これらをカルボキシル基やヒドロキシル基等の反応性官能基と直接反応させ、或いはカルボニルジイミダゾール等と共に反応させ、生成するアミド結合、エステル結合、ウレタン結合等を介してアルキン誘導体を導入することができる。アジド基についても、任意の公知の方法を用いて、抗原性を有するペプチド又はポリヌクレオチド若しくはポリヌクレオチド誘導体に導入することができる。なお、フイスゲン反応は銅触媒の存在下で行われるが、抗原性を有するペプチド及びリン酸ジエステル結合がホスホロチオエート結合等の含硫黄官能基で置換されたポリヌクレオチド誘導体には、銅イオンに配位する硫黄原子が存在するため、銅の触媒活性が低下するおそれがある。反応率を向上させるために過剰量の銅を添加することが好ましい。
電子求引性のカルボニル基又はスルホン基に隣接する二重結合を有するマレイミド又はビニルスルホンは、中性付近のpHで、下記に示すように、チオール基との付加反応(マイケル付加反応)により、安定なチオエーテル誘導体を生成する。適当なスペーサーを有するマレイミド及びビニルスルホン誘導体が市販されているため、抗原性を有するペプチド又はポリヌクレオチド若しくはポリヌクレオチド誘導体にこれらの官能基を導入することは容易である。抗原性を有するペプチドにチオール基を導入する場合、システインを含む抗原性を有するペプチドの場合には、システイン残基側鎖のチオール基を利用できる。ただし、システインは、存在比が低いアミノ酸であるため、抗原性を有するペプチドのN末端側にシステインを導入したものを用いる。チオール基を含むポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体としては、これらの5'末端のヒドロキシル基をチオール基に変換したチオール化ポリヌクレオチドが用いられる。
上述のとおり、N末端側にシステインを導入した抗原性を有するペプチドのシステイン残基側鎖のチオール基と、チオール化ポリヌクレオチドのチオール基とを反応させ、ジスルフィド基を形成させる。ジスルフィド結合は、還元剤の存在下で切断されるため、上両者に比べ、安定性の点で劣る。ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体へのチオール基の導入は、任意の公知の方法を用いて行うことができるが、具体例としては、下式に示すような、アミノ化ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体と、ω-(2-ピリジルジチオ)脂肪酸のN-スクシイミジルエステルとの反応が挙げられる。
任意の公知の方法にて合成されるアミノ基修飾CpG DNA(S)(5'末端に下記の式で表される構造を有するアミノ基が導入されたCpG DNA(S)誘導体。塩基配列:ATCGACTCTCGAGCGTTCTCATCGACTCTCGAGCGTTCTC(配列番号229:以下、「CpG40(S)と略称する。」)。リン酸ジエステル結合はすべてホスホロチオエート結合である。)1molと、スクシイミジル6-[3' -(2-ピリジルジチオ)-プロピオンアミド]ヘキサノエート(LC-SPDP)30molをリン酸緩衝液(pH8.0)中で混合させた。40℃で3時間静置させた後、NAP-5カラムを用いてSPDP修飾CpG DNA(S)を精製した。
0分 A:90% B:10%
~ 25分 70% 30%
~ 30分 0% 100%
抗原としてCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートを、マウス(C57BL/6マウス(♂、7週齢))に皮内投与した(1尾あたり20ng、1回)。投与から1週間後、同系統のマウスのうち、投与を行っていない個体より脾細胞を取り出し、これを2つの群に分け、一方に、抗原として、オボアルブミン(卵白アルブミン、OVA)由来の抗原性を有するペプチド(ペプチド配列;SIINFEKL:配列番号196)を添加し、90分静置することにより抗原保持脾細胞を作製し、ペプチドを添加していない脾細胞を抗原未保持脾細胞とした。5,6-カルボキシフルオレセインスクシイミジルエステル(CFSE)を用いて、抗原保持脾細胞及び抗原未保持脾細胞の両者を蛍光修飾した。このとき、CFSEの濃度を変えることにより、抗原保持脾細胞(CFSE:5μM)の方が、抗原未保持脾細胞(CFSE:0.5μM)よりも蛍光強度が高くなるようにした。投与抗原保持脾細胞、抗原未保持脾細胞をそれぞれ同数混合し、抗原としてCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートを投与したマウス個体に、投与から1週間後に尾静脈投与した。CpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートの投与量は、1尾あたりペプチド換算で20ngとした(この場合、CpG40(S)換算では250ngである)。
CpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートの投与量を変えてマウスに免疫し、実施例2と同様に、投与抗原保持脾細胞、抗原未保持脾細胞をそれぞれ同数混合したものを尾静脈投与したマウス個体から採取した脾細胞中の、抗原保持脾細胞、抗原未保持脾細胞の割合をフローサイトメトリーで定量し、抗原保持脾細胞の減少量を評価することにより、誘導された細胞傷害性T細胞の活性を評価した。
CpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートに含まれるCpG DNA(S)として、実施例1で用いた塩基長40のもの(塩基配列:ATCGACTCTCGAGCGTTCTCATCGACTCTCGAGCGTTCTC(配列番号229:以下、「CpG40(S)」と略称する。))以外に、塩基長30のもの(塩基配列:GAGCGTTCTCATCGACTCTCGAGCGTTCTC(配列番号227:以下、「CpG30(S)a」と略称する。)のもの及び塩基配列:ATCGACTCTCGAGCGTTCTCGAGCGTTCTC(配列番号228:以下、「CpG30(S)b」と略称する。)のもの)、塩基長24のもの(塩基配列:TCTCGAGCGTTCTCGAGCGTTCTC(配列番号225:以下、「CpG24(S)」と略称する。)のもの)及び塩基長20のもの(配列番号222:塩基配列:ATCGACTCTCGAGCGTTCTC(以下、「CpG20(S)a」と略称する。)のもの及び塩基配列:GAGCGTTCTCGAGCGTTCTC(配列番号223:以下、「CpG20(S)b」と略称する。)のもの)に変えて(構造式は下記参照)、それぞれ、実施例1と同様の方法でCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートを作製した(構造式、塩基配列については、下式及び下記表9参照。表9において、太字で下線を付した塩基配列はCpGモチーフである。リン酸ジエステル結合はすべてホスホロチオエート結合である。)。
実施例1で調製したCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートにおいて、抗原性を有するペプチドをN末端側に延長し、アミノ酸長18(アミノ酸配列:CEVSGLEQLESIINFEKL(配列番号251:以下、「OVApep18」と略称する。))、アミノ酸長27(アミノ酸配列:CMSMLVLLPDEVSGLEQLESIINFEKL(配列番号252:以下、「OVApep27」と略称する。))としたペプチドを用いてCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートを調製し(構造式は下記参照)、これ(ペプチド換算で1尾あたり20ng)を用いてマウス個体を免疫し、実施例2と同様にマウス個体に尾静脈投与した抗原保持脾細胞、抗原未保持脾細胞の割合をフローサイトメトリーで定量し、抗原保持脾細胞の減少量を評価することにより、誘導された細胞傷害性T細胞の活性を評価した。
実施例1で調製したCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートにおいて、ssHアミノリンカーを下記の構造(以下、「C6アミノリンカー」と略称する。)に変更したCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲート(以下、化合物(I)とする)、CpG DNA(S)とssHアミノリンカーとの間にPEGを有するC18スペーサーを挿入したCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲート、CpG DNA(S)の5'側ではなく3'末端に化合物(I)と同じスペーサー構造を介して抗原性を有するペプチドが共有結合したCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートを用いて、実施例2と同様の手順により、誘導された細胞傷害性T細胞の活性を評価した。その結果、いずれの場合においても、実施例1で調製したCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートと同程度の強いペプチド特異的な細胞障害性T細胞の活性が誘導されていることが確認された。
マウスより採取した腹腔マクロファージを48ウェルプレートに取り(1.5×105cells/ウェル)、アミノ酸長の異なる抗原性を有するペプチド(OVApep9、OVApep18、OVApep27)及び塩基長の異なるCpG DNA(S)(CpG40(S)、CpG30(S)a、CpG30(S)b、CpG20(S)a)を用いて調製したCpG DNA(S)-ペプチドコンジュゲートをペプチド換算2μg/mLでウェルに添加し、24時間培養した。培養後、OVApep8とMHCの分子複合体に特異的な抗体(フィコエリスリン(PE)で蛍光標識:(以下、「PE labelled H-2Kb/FIINFEKL」と略称する。))を添加し、フローサイトメトリーで抗体が結合した腹腔マクロファージの定量を行い、抗原提示量の評価を行った。
Claims (15)
- CpGモチーフを含む1本鎖ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体と、抗原性を有するペプチドが、一端側で前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体と共有結合し他端側で前記抗原性を有するペプチドと共有結合したスペーサーを介して結合したポリヌクレオチド/ペプチドコンジュゲートを有効成分として含む免疫誘導剤であって、
前記スペーサーは、下記の式
Xは、酸素原子又は硫黄原子を表し(ここで各Xは同じであっても異なっていてもよい)、
Rは、(CH 2 ) p O、(CH 2 ) q NH、(CH 2 CH 2 O) m のいずれかを表し(m、p及びqは、それぞれ独立して10以下の自然数を表す。)、
nは、10以下の自然数を表す)で表される繰り返し単位を含み、
ポリヌクレオチド誘導体は、i)リボヌクレオチドの2’位のヒドロキシル基の全部又は一部がフッ素又はメトキシ基で置換されているか、あるいはii)ポリリボヌクレオチド(RNA)又はポリデオキシリボヌクレオチド(DNA)のリン酸ジエステル結合の全部又は一部がホスホロチオエート結合で置換されている、
免疫誘導剤。 - 前記抗原性を有するペプチドのアミノ酸長が5以上30以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 前記抗原性を有するペプチドのアミノ酸長が8以上11以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体が2以上のCpGモチーフを含むポリデオキシリボヌクレオチド(DNA)又はDNA誘導体であることを特徴とし、DNA誘導体は、DNAのリン酸ジエステル結合の全部又は一部がホスホロチオエート結合で置換されている、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体の塩基長が15以上40以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体の塩基長が20以上30以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体が、リン酸ジエステル結合の少なくとも一部がホスホロチオエート結合で置換されたポリヌクレオチド誘導体であることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 前記リン酸ジエステル結合の少なくとも一部がホスホロチオエート結合で置換されたポリヌクレオチド誘導体において、リン酸ジエステル結合の50%以上がホスホロチオエート結合で置換されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 前記リン酸ジエステル結合の少なくとも一部がホスホロチオエート結合で置換されたポリヌクレオチド誘導体において、リン酸ジエステル結合の90%以上がホスホロチオエート結合で置換されていることを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 前記スペーサーと前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体との間の共有結合及び前記スペーサーと前記抗原性を有するペプチドとの間の共有結合との一方又は双方が生体環境中で切断可能な共有結合であることを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチド/ペプチドコンジュゲートを構成する前記抗原性を有するペプチドと、前記ポリヌクレオチド又はポリヌクレオチド誘導体に結合した前記スペーサーとが、前記抗原性を有するペプチドのN末端のシステイン残基のチオール基と前記スペーサーの有するチオール基との反応により生成した共有結合(ジスルフィド結合)を介して結合していることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 前記スペーサーが、下記のいずれかの式で表される構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- アジュバントとして、免疫賦活活性を有する物質をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の免疫誘導剤。
- 請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の免疫誘導剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の免疫誘導剤を含む腫瘍治療のための医薬組成物。
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