JP7464597B2 - 白金担持触媒、燃料電池用カソード、燃料電池、および白金担持触媒の製造方法 - Google Patents
白金担持触媒、燃料電池用カソード、燃料電池、および白金担持触媒の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7464597B2 JP7464597B2 JP2021524870A JP2021524870A JP7464597B2 JP 7464597 B2 JP7464597 B2 JP 7464597B2 JP 2021524870 A JP2021524870 A JP 2021524870A JP 2021524870 A JP2021524870 A JP 2021524870A JP 7464597 B2 JP7464597 B2 JP 7464597B2
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Description
<1>炭素担体と、上記炭素担体に担持される白金微粒子と、を含み、上記白金微粒子は、X線回折による(111)面、(200)面および(220)面の回折ピーク強度の合計に対する、上記(220)面の回折ピーク強度の比が、0.128以上であり、上記炭素担体の酸化消耗温度が、620℃以上である、白金担持触媒。
<2>炭素担体と、上記炭素担体に担持される白金微粒子と、を含み、上記白金微粒子は、X線回折による(111)面、(200)面および(220)面の回折ピーク強度の合計に対する、上記(220)面の回折ピーク強度の比が、0.150以上である、白金担持触媒。
<3>上記炭素担体の酸化消耗温度が、640℃以上である、上記<2>に記載の白金担持触媒。
<4>上記炭素担体の電気抵抗率が、0.1Ω・cm以下である、上記<2>または<3>に記載の白金担持触媒。
<5>上記炭素担体は、連通孔を有する、上記<1>~<4>のいずれかに記載の白金担持触媒。
<6>上記炭素担体のBET比表面積が、600~2000m2/gである、上記<1>~<5>のいずれかに記載の白金担持触媒。
<7>上記炭素担体は、BJH法に基づく解析で、横軸を細孔径、縦軸を対数微分細孔容積とした細孔分布において、3~50nmの孔径に最も高いピークトップを有する、上記<1>~<6>のいずれかに記載の白金担持触媒。
<8>上記<1>~<7>のいずれかに記載の白金担持触媒を備える、燃料電池用カソード。
<9>上記<8>に記載の燃料電池用カソードを備える、燃料電池。
<10>炭素担体と、上記炭素担体に担持される白金微粒子と、を含む白金担持触媒の製造方法であって、上記白金微粒子は、X線回折による(111)面、(200)面および(220)面の回折ピーク強度の合計に対する、上記(220)面の回折ピーク強度の比が、0.128以上であり、上記白金微粒子の前駆体を、pH7、25℃における白金の還元電位が-0.6V(vs.SCE)以上である還元剤により還元して、上記炭素担体に上記白金微粒子を担持させる工程を含む、白金担持触媒の製造方法。
<11>上記白金微粒子は、X線回折による(111)面、(200)面および(220)面の回折ピーク強度の合計に対する、上記(220)面の回折ピーク強度の比が、0.150以上である、上記<10>に記載の製造方法。
本発明の一態様に係る白金担持触媒は、炭素担体と、上記炭素担体に担持される白金微粒子と、を含む。
本発明の一態様において、炭素担体は、メソ孔を備えた多孔質炭素である。なお、本明細書では、孔径が2nm未満の孔をミクロ孔と呼び、孔径が2~50nmの孔をメソ孔と呼び、孔径が50nmを超えるものをマクロ孔と呼び、これらの孔を総称して細孔と呼ぶ。
本発明の更なる態様において、炭素担体は、上記メソ孔の外郭を構成する炭素質壁が3次元網目構造を形成していてもよい。また、炭素担体は、上記メソ孔が不規則に配置されたランダムな孔構造を有していてもよい。炭素担体の炭素質壁が3次元網目構造を形成するとともにランダムな孔構造を有していることにより、強度のより高い炭素担体となる。3次元網目構造を成す炭素質壁を有する炭素担体のその他の構成については、上述の炭素担体と同じであるため、その説明を省略する。
本発明の更なる態様において、炭素担体は、上記メソ孔の外郭を構成する炭素質壁中に、さらに、層状構造を成す部分が存在するものであってもよい。
本発明の一態様において、炭素担体は、炭素質壁の構成材料となる炭素源とメソ孔の鋳型源とを含む混合物、または、炭素源と鋳型源とを兼ねる金属有機酸、を焼成して焼成体を作製する焼成工程と、得られた焼成体から鋳型源を除去する除去工程と、を含む炭素担体の製造方法によって製造することができる。
層状構造を成す炭素質壁を有する炭素担体は、上述の炭素担体の製造方法において、焼成工程および除去工程の後に、さらに、細孔が形成された焼成体を熱処理する熱処理工程を行うことにより、製造することができる。
(X線回折による回折ピーク強度)
例えば、後述の白金担持触媒の製造方法に従って、上記炭素担体に白金微粒子を担持させることにより、白金微粒子のPt(220)面の回折ピーク強度の割合を高めることができる。
炭素担体に担持される白金微粒子の粒径は、10nm未満であることが好ましい。上記範囲とすることで、電極作製時に均一に白金担持触媒を塗工することができる。なお、白金微粒子の粒径は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて測定される20個以上の粒子の長径の平均値である。
白金担持触媒は、白金微粒子の前駆体を、特定の還元剤により還元して、上述の炭素担体に白金微粒子を担持させる工程を含む製造方法により、製造することができる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る白金担持触媒は、燃料電池の動作環境下において、優れたORR活性および耐酸化性を示す。これにより、本発明の一実施形態に係る白金担持触媒は、燃料電池用カソードに好適に用いることができる。
炭素担体のメソ孔の孔径は、BJH(Barrett-Joyner-Halenda)法を用いて測定した。具体的には、BJH法に基づいて得られる細孔分布(横軸が孔径、縦軸が対数微分細孔容積(dVp/dlogdp))において、最も高いピークトップが位置する孔径を、メソ孔の孔径とした。
窒素を吸着ガスとして用い、77K(-196℃)で測定して窒素吸着等温線を求めた。当該測定には、日本ベル株式会社製の自動ガス/蒸気吸着量測定装置BELSORP-MAXを用いた。BET比表面積は、相対圧(P/P0)=0.05~0.20の範囲の測定点より算出した。全細孔容量は相対圧(P/P0)=0.95における吸着量から求めた。
ミクロ孔容量は、DA(Dubinin-Astakhov)法を用いて算出した。メソ孔容量は、全細孔容量からミクロ孔容量を引いて求めた。
先ず、炭素源と鋳型源とを兼ねる二クエン酸三マグネシウム無水物〔Mg3(C6H5O7)2〕を用意し、これを窒素雰囲気中900℃で1時間熱処理した。これにより、鋳型粒子である酸化マグネシウムと炭素質壁とを備えた焼成物を得た。次いで、得られた焼成物を30wt%硫酸溶液で洗浄して、酸化マグネシウムを完全に溶出させることにより、多数のメソ孔を有し、かつ、メソ孔の外郭を構成する炭素質壁が3次元網目構造を形成するとともにランダムな孔構造を有する多孔質炭素を得た。その後、得られた多孔質炭素を遊星ビーズミルを用いて1.5時間、回転数120rpmの条件で粉砕し、メディアン径2~4μmに調整し、実質的に炭素のみからなる炭素担体を製造した。なお、ビーズにはφ5mmのアルミナビーズを用いた。
実施例1と同様にして製造した多孔質炭素を、さらに、窒素雰囲気下で、1800℃で1時間熱処理した。得られた多孔質炭素は、多数のメソ孔を有し、かつ、メソ孔の外郭を構成する炭素質壁が3次元網目構造を形成するとともにランダムな孔構造を有しており、さらに、炭素質壁中に層状構造を成す部分が存在していた。得られた多孔質炭素を、実施例1と同様にして、遊星ビーズミルを用いて粉砕し、層状構造を成す炭素質壁を有する、実質的に炭素のみからなる炭素担体を得た。
VULCAN(登録商標)XC-72(CABOT社製、連通孔を有しない、またストラクチャー構造を有する)を、室温で10分間、超音波分散処理に付し、炭素担体を製造した。
ケッチェンブラックEC300J(ライオン・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ株式会社製、連通孔を有しない、またストラクチャー構造を有する)を、室温で10分間、超音波分散処理に付し、炭素担体を製造した。
炭素担体として、実施例2で用いた炭素担体を用意した。
白金の担持量を炭素担体に対して40wt%とした以外は、比較例3と同様にして、白金担持触媒を得た。
白金の担持量を炭素担体に対して50wt%とした以外は、比較例3と同様にして、白金担持触媒を得た。
実施例1~2および比較例1、3~5で得られた白金担持触媒について、以下の要領で、X線回折による回折ピーク強度を測定し、(111)面、(200)面および(220)面の回折ピーク強度の合計に対する、各回折ピーク強度の比をそれぞれ求めた。
実施例1~2および比較例1~5で用いた炭素担体について、以下の要領で、酸化消耗温度を測定した。
実施例1~2および比較例2~5で用いた炭素担体について、粉体抵抗システムMCP-51型(株式会社三菱ケミカルアナリテック製)を用いて40MPaに加圧した後、抵抗率計ロレスタGPで定電流印加四探針法により測定した。
(電極の作製)
実施例1~2および比較例1~6で得られた白金担持触媒を用いて、衣本太郎、山田裕久、電気化学および工業物理化学, Vol.79(2), pp.116-121 (2011)に記載の方法にしたがい、下記の要領で電極を作製した。
実施例1~2および比較例1~5で得られた白金担持触媒について、衣本太郎、山田裕久、電気化学および工業物理化学, Vol.79(2), pp.116-121 (2011)に記載の算出方法にしたがい、下記の要領で燃料電池の動作環境下における白金質量活性(ORR活性)を算出した。
Claims (11)
- 炭素担体と、前記炭素担体に担持される白金微粒子と、を含み、
前記白金微粒子は、X線回折による(111)面、(200)面および(220)面の回折ピーク強度の合計に対する、前記(220)面の回折ピーク強度の比が、0.128以上であり、
前記炭素担体の酸化消耗温度が、620℃以上である、燃料電池用カソード用の、白金担持触媒。 - 炭素担体と、前記炭素担体に担持される白金微粒子と、を含み、
前記白金微粒子は、X線回折による(111)面、(200)面および(220)面の回折ピーク強度の合計に対する、前記(220)面の回折ピーク強度の比が、0.150以上である、燃料電池用カソード用の、白金担持触媒。 - 前記炭素担体の酸化消耗温度が、640℃以上である、請求項2に記載の白金担持触媒。
- 前記炭素担体の電気抵抗率が、0.1Ω・cm以下である、請求項2または3に記載の白金担持触媒。
- 前記炭素担体は、連通孔を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の白金担持触媒。
- 前記炭素担体のBET比表面積が、600~2000m2/gである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の白金担持触媒。
- 前記炭素担体は、BJH法に基づく解析で、横軸を細孔径、縦軸を対数微分細孔容積とした細孔分布において、3~50nmの孔径に最も高いピークトップを有する、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の白金担持触媒。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の白金担持触媒を備える、燃料電池用カソード。
- 請求項8に記載の燃料電池用カソードを備える、燃料電池。
- 炭素担体と、前記炭素担体に担持される白金微粒子と、を含む白金担持触媒の製造方法であって、
前記白金微粒子は、X線回折による(111)面、(200)面および(220)面の回折ピーク強度の合計に対する、前記(220)面の回折ピーク強度の比が、0.128以上であり、
前記白金微粒子の前駆体を、pH7、25℃における白金の還元電位が-0.6V(vs.SCE)以上である還元剤により還元して、前記炭素担体に前記白金微粒子を担持させる工程を含む、白金担持触媒の製造方法。 - 前記白金微粒子は、X線回折による(111)面、(200)面および(220)面の回折ピーク強度の合計に対する、前記(220)面の回折ピーク強度の比が、0.150以上である、請求項10に記載の製造方法。
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