JP7382216B2

JP7382216B2 - Machine tool spindle device

Info

Publication number: JP7382216B2
Application number: JP2019226674A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 志芳勝又
Original assignee: Okuma Corp
Current assignee: Okuma Corp
Priority date: 2019-12-16
Filing date: 2019-12-16
Publication date: 2023-11-16
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-16
Also published as: JP2021094637A

Description

本発明は、工作機械の主軸装置に関し、より詳しくは、主軸に装着した工具から切削液を噴出させながら加工を行なう機能と、工具着脱時に異物の付着を防ぐためのエアを主軸内部から噴出させる機能とを備える主軸装置の改良に関する。 The present invention relates to a spindle device for a machine tool, and more specifically, the present invention has a function to perform machining while spouting cutting fluid from a tool attached to the spindle, and a function to blow air from inside the spindle to prevent foreign matter from adhering to the tool when attaching or removing the tool. The present invention relates to an improvement of a spindle device having functions.

工作機械の主軸装置として、主軸先端に着脱可能な工具を取り付けてワークを加工する際、工具の中心から切削液を噴出させながら加工する方法がある。
そのような場合、主軸を通し工具の装着部を通過させて切削液を流すことになるが、主軸と工具との連結部で切削液がリークすると、主軸内部に切削液が漏れ出てしまう。
また、主軸の別の機能として、工具交換時に異物が工具と主軸との連結部に付着しないように、主軸内部からエアを噴出させ、エアの勢いで異物を吹き飛ばす機能を設けることがある。例えば特許文献１には、主軸の軸心から工具ホルダを装着するテーパ部に後方からエアを吹き付ける管路と、主軸ハウジングを通って主軸の径方向からテーパ部にエアを吹き付ける管路とを形成した主軸装置の発明が開示されている。 When machining a workpiece by attaching a removable tool to the tip of the spindle of a machine tool, there is a method in which machining is performed while jetting cutting fluid from the center of the tool.
In such a case, the cutting fluid will flow through the main spindle and through the attachment part of the tool, but if the cutting fluid leaks at the connection between the main spindle and the tool, it will leak into the inside of the main spindle.
Another function of the spindle is to blow out air from inside the spindle to prevent foreign objects from adhering to the joint between the tool and the spindle when exchanging tools, and use the force of the air to blow away foreign objects. For example, in Patent Document 1, a conduit is formed that blows air from the rear to a taper portion where a tool holder is mounted from the axis of the spindle, and a conduit that blows air from the radial direction of the spindle to the taper portion through the spindle housing. The invention of a spindle device is disclosed.

特開平１１－１３８３８２号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 11-138382

このように、回転する主軸の側面か後方からエアを供給する場合、前述のように切削液が主軸内部でリークすると、エア供給路に切削液が逆流し、エアの出口から切削液が出てきてしまう。すると、出てきた切削液が主軸構造部に入り込み、軸受やモータ損傷を引き起こしてしまうため、主軸内部で切削液がリークしても主軸外部に出てこないように、エア供給回路の任意の位置にチェックバルブを設けて切削液が外部まで出ないようにしている。
しかし、主軸内部に設置したチェックバルブに異物などがかみこんだりした場合、切削液の流出を止めることができなくなる。 In this way, when air is supplied from the side or rear of the rotating spindle, if cutting fluid leaks inside the spindle as described above, the cutting fluid will flow back into the air supply path and come out from the air outlet. I end up. If this happens, the cutting fluid that comes out will enter the spindle structure and cause damage to the bearings and motor. Therefore, in order to prevent the cutting fluid from leaking out of the spindle even if it leaks inside the spindle, install it at an arbitrary position in the air supply circuit. A check valve is installed at the top to prevent cutting fluid from leaking to the outside.
However, if a foreign object gets stuck in the check valve installed inside the spindle, it becomes impossible to stop the cutting fluid from flowing out.

そこで、本発明は、主軸内部で切削液がリークした場合でも、リークした切削液を主軸構造部に入り込ませること無く外部に排出させることで、切削液による主軸内部の損傷等を防止することができる工作機械の主軸装置を提供することを目的としたものである。 Therefore, even if cutting fluid leaks inside the spindle, the present invention prevents damage to the inside of the spindle due to the cutting fluid by discharging the leaked cutting fluid to the outside without entering the spindle structure. The purpose is to provide a spindle device for machine tools that can be used.

上記目的を達成するために、請求項１に記載の発明は、前端部に工具の装着部を有する主軸と、軸受を介して前記主軸を回転可能に支持する主軸ハウジングと、前記軸受よりも前方で前記主軸と前記主軸ハウジングとの間を密封する密封部と、前記主軸を回転駆動させるモータと、前記装着部にエアを供給するためのエア供給路と、前記装着部を介して前記工具に切削液を供給するための切削液供給路と、を含む工作機械の主軸装置であって、
前記エア供給路は、前記主軸に設けられ、後端が前記装着部内に開口し、前端が、前記密封部よりも前方で前記主軸の外周面に開口する主軸側経路と、
前記主軸ハウジングに設けられ、エアの出口が前記密封部よりも前方で前記主軸ハウジングの内周面に開口して前記主軸側経路の前端側の開口と対峙可能なハウジング側経路と、を含んでなり、
前記出口を含む前記ハウジング側経路の一部は、前記主軸ハウジングの前部で前記主軸の軸方向へ前後移動可能に設けられた移動部材に形成され、前記移動部材は、前進位置では、前記主軸の所定の位相で前記出口を前記主軸側経路の前端側の開口と対峙させ、後退位置では、前記主軸が前記所定の位相であっても前記出口を前記前端側の開口よりも後方へ退避させる一方、
前記ハウジング側経路へのエアの供給前では、前記移動部材を前記後退位置に移動させ、前記ハウジング側経路へのエアの供給に伴い、前記移動部材を前記前進位置に移動させる駆動手段が設けられていることを特徴とする。
なお、本発明における「前方」は、主軸の軸方向での工具の装着側を意味する。よって、実際の主軸が下向きや横向きに配置される主軸装置であっても、主軸を基準とした前後方向は同じである。
請求項２に記載の発明は、上記構成において、上記構成において、前記駆動手段は、前記移動部材を前記後退位置に付勢する付勢部材と、前記ハウジング側経路へのエアの供給に伴って前記移動部材を前記付勢部材の付勢に抗して前記前進位置に移動させる空気圧とを含んでなることを特徴とする。
上記目的を達成するために、請求項３に記載の発明は、前端部に工具の装着部を有する主軸と、軸受を介して前記主軸を回転可能に支持する主軸ハウジングと、前記軸受よりも前方で前記主軸と前記主軸ハウジングとの間を密封する密封部と、前記主軸を回転駆動させるモータと、前記装着部にエアを供給するためのエア供給路と、前記装着部を介して前記工具に切削液を供給するための切削液供給路と、を含む工作機械の主軸装置であって、
前記エア供給路は、前記主軸に設けられ、後端が前記装着部内に開口し、前端が、前記密封部よりも前方で前記主軸の外周面に開口する主軸側経路と、
前記主軸ハウジングに設けられ、エアの出口が前記密封部よりも前方で前記主軸ハウジングの内周面に開口して前記主軸側経路の前端側の開口と対峙可能なハウジング側経路と、を含んでなり、
前記出口を含む前記ハウジング側経路の一部は、前記主軸ハウジングから前方に突出形成されて、前記主軸の所定の位相では、前記前端側の開口を前記出口と対峙させる一方、前記前端側の開口が前記ハウジング側経路の前記一部に径方向で重ならない前記主軸の他の位相では、前記前端側の開口を前記主軸ハウジングの前端よりも前方に露出させることを特徴とする。
請求項４に記載の発明は、上記構成において、前記ハウジング側経路における前記出口側には、逆止弁が設けられていることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 provides a main shaft having a tool mounting part at a front end, a main shaft housing rotatably supporting the main shaft via a bearing, and a main shaft housing rotatably supporting the main shaft via a bearing. a sealing part for sealing between the spindle and the spindle housing; a motor for rotationally driving the spindle; an air supply path for supplying air to the mounting part; A main spindle device for a machine tool including a cutting fluid supply path for supplying cutting fluid,
The air supply path is provided on the main shaft, and has a main shaft side path with a rear end opening into the mounting part and a front end opening on the outer circumferential surface of the main shaft in front of the sealing part;
a housing-side path provided in the main shaft housing, the air outlet opening in the inner circumferential surface of the main shaft housing in front of the sealing portion and facing the opening on the front end side of the main shaft-side path; Become,
A part of the housing-side path including the outlet is formed in a moving member that is provided at the front part of the main shaft housing so as to be movable back and forth in the axial direction of the main shaft, and in the forward position, the moving member moves along the main shaft. The outlet is made to face the opening on the front end side of the main shaft side path at a predetermined phase, and in the retracted position, the outlet is retracted to the rear of the opening on the front end side even if the main shaft is in the predetermined phase. on the other hand,
Driving means is provided for moving the movable member to the retracted position before supplying air to the housing side path, and for moving the movable member to the forward position as air is supplied to the housing side path. It is characterized by
In addition, the "front" in the present invention means the mounting side of the tool in the axial direction of the spindle. Therefore, even in a main shaft device in which the actual main shaft is disposed facing downward or sideways, the front-rear direction with respect to the main shaft is the same.
According to a second aspect of the invention, in the above structure, the driving means includes a biasing member that biases the moving member to the retracted position, and a biasing member that biases the moving member to the retracted position, and a biasing member that biases the moving member to the retracted position; and pneumatic pressure for moving the moving member to the forward position against the biasing force of the biasing member.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 3 provides a main shaft having a tool mounting portion at a front end, a main shaft housing rotatably supporting the main shaft via a bearing, and a main shaft housing rotatably supporting the main shaft via a bearing. a sealing part for sealing between the spindle and the spindle housing; a motor for rotationally driving the spindle; an air supply path for supplying air to the mounting part; A main spindle device for a machine tool including a cutting fluid supply path for supplying cutting fluid,
The air supply path is provided on the main shaft, and has a main shaft side path with a rear end opening into the mounting part and a front end opening on the outer circumferential surface of the main shaft in front of the sealing part;
a housing-side path provided in the main shaft housing, the air outlet opening in the inner circumferential surface of the main shaft housing in front of the sealing portion and facing the opening on the front end side of the main shaft-side path; Become,
A part of the housing side path including the outlet is formed to protrude forward from the main shaft housing, so that in a predetermined phase of the main shaft, the opening on the front end side faces the outlet, and the opening on the front end side faces the outlet. In other phases of the main shaft where the main shaft does not overlap in the radial direction with the part of the housing side path, the opening on the front end side is exposed ahead of the front end of the main shaft housing.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in the above structure, a check valve is provided on the outlet side of the housing side path.

本発明によれば、切削液が主軸内部でリークして外部に出てきても主軸構造部に入り込むことが無くなるので、突然主軸が損傷するような事態が起こることを防ぐことができる。よって、信頼性の高い工作機械が提供でき、安定した製品加工を継続させることができるようになる。
特に、請求項１に記載の発明によれば、上記効果に加えて、出口を含むハウジング側経路の一部を、ハウジング側経路へのエアの供給前は後退位置に、エアの供給に伴って前進位置にそれぞれ駆動手段によって移動する移動部材に形成したので、前端側の開口から切削液が排出されても、移動部材が後退位置にあるため、切削液が出口からハウジング側経路へ浸入することも防止できる。
特に、請求項３に記載の発明によれば、上記効果に加えて、出口を含むハウジング側経路の一部を主軸ハウジングから前方に突出形成しているので、密封部より前方での主軸側経路へのエアの供給を簡単な構造で行うことができる。
請求項２に記載の発明によれば、上記効果に加えて、駆動手段を、付勢手段と、ハウジング側経路へのエアの供給に伴う空気圧としたことで、エアの供給時の空気圧を利用して移動部材を前進位置へ容易に移動させることができる。
請求項４に記載の発明によれば、上記効果に加えて、ハウジング側経路における出口側には、逆止弁が設けられているので、切削液が出口から連絡経路へ浸入することを効果的に防止できる。
According to the present invention, even if cutting fluid leaks inside the spindle and comes out, it will not enter the spindle structure, so it is possible to prevent a situation where the spindle is suddenly damaged. Therefore, a highly reliable machine tool can be provided, and stable product processing can be continued.
In particular, according to the invention as set forth in claim 1 , in addition to the above effects, the part of the housing side path including the outlet is placed in the retracted position before air is supplied to the housing side path, and as the air is supplied. Since the movable member is moved to the forward position by the drive means, even if the cutting fluid is discharged from the opening on the front end side, the movable member is in the retracted position, so the cutting fluid will not enter the housing side path from the outlet. can also be prevented.
In particular, according to the invention as set forth in claim 3 , in addition to the above effects, a part of the housing side path including the outlet is formed to protrude forward from the main shaft housing, so that the main shaft side path in front of the sealed portion Air can be supplied to the device with a simple structure.
According to the invention set forth in claim 2 , in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the driving means includes the urging means and the air pressure accompanying the supply of air to the housing side path, so that the air pressure at the time of air supply is utilized. The movable member can be easily moved to the forward position.
According to the invention set forth in claim 4 , in addition to the above-mentioned effects, since a check valve is provided on the outlet side of the housing side path, it is possible to effectively prevent cutting fluid from entering the communication path from the outlet. can be prevented.

形態１の主軸装置の中央縦断面図である。FIG. 3 is a central vertical cross-sectional view of the spindle device of Form 1; 形態２の主軸装置の中央縦断面図である。FIG. 7 is a central vertical cross-sectional view of a spindle device of form 2; 形態３の主軸装置の中央縦断面図である。FIG. 7 is a central longitudinal cross-sectional view of a spindle device of form 3;

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
［形態１］
図１に工作機械の主軸装置の一例を示す。主軸装置１は、主軸ハウジング２と、主軸ハウジング２の軸心に軸受３，３・・を介して回転可能に支持される主軸４と、主軸４を回転させる図示しないモータとを含む。なお、主軸装置１では、主軸４の軸方向における工具ホルダ１０（工具）の装着側（図１の下側）を前方として説明する。これは、主軸４が横向きであっても同じである。
主軸ハウジング２の前端には、蓋５が取り付けられて、蓋５と主軸４との間には、主軸４の外周に設けた内輪部材７と、蓋５の内周面に形成した外輪部８とが非接触で凹凸状に噛み合うラビリンス６が設けられている。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.
[Form 1]
Figure 1 shows an example of a spindle device for a machine tool. The spindle device 1 includes a spindle housing 2, a spindle 4 rotatably supported at the axis of the spindle housing 2 via bearings 3, 3, and a motor (not shown) that rotates the spindle 4. The spindle device 1 will be described with the side on which the tool holder 10 (tool) is mounted (lower side in FIG. 1) in the axial direction of the spindle 4 as the front side. This is the same even if the main shaft 4 is oriented horizontally.
A lid 5 is attached to the front end of the main shaft housing 2, and between the lid 5 and the main shaft 4, an inner ring member 7 provided on the outer periphery of the main shaft 4 and an outer ring portion 8 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the lid 5 are provided. A labyrinth 6 is provided in which the two mesh with each other in a concave and convex manner without contact.

主軸４の前端には、図示しない工具が保持される工具ホルダ１０のテーパ部１１が嵌合するテーパ状の装着凹部１２が形成されている。装着凹部１２の中心には、テーパ部１１を引き込んでクランプするためのコレット１３が設けられて、主軸４の軸心には、軸方向への前後移動に伴ってコレット１３をクランプ／アンクランプ動作させるドローバー１４が設けられている。ドローバー１４の軸心には、図示しない切削液の供給源と接続されて切削液を工具ホルダ１０側へ供給するための切削液供給路１５が形成されている。
また、主軸４の前端で装着凹部１２の外側には、前後方向に延びる複数の主軸側経路１６，１６が形成されている。この主軸側経路１６の後端は、装着凹部１２の底面際で装着凹部１２の内周面に開口する後側開口１７となり、主軸側経路１６の前端は、ラビリンス６よりも前方で主軸４の外周面に開口する前側開口１８となっている。この主軸側経路１６により、装着凹部１２は、ラビリンス６の前方で主軸４の外側と連通することになる。 A tapered mounting recess 12 is formed at the front end of the main shaft 4, into which a tapered part 11 of a tool holder 10, which holds a tool (not shown), is fitted. A collet 13 for pulling in and clamping the tapered part 11 is provided at the center of the mounting recess 12, and a collet 13 is provided at the axis of the main shaft 4 for clamping/unclamping the collet 13 as it moves back and forth in the axial direction. A drawbar 14 is provided for causing the movement. A cutting fluid supply path 15 is formed in the axis of the drawbar 14 for connecting to a cutting fluid supply source (not shown) and supplying the cutting fluid to the tool holder 10 side.
Further, at the front end of the main shaft 4 and outside the mounting recess 12, a plurality of main shaft side paths 16, 16 extending in the front-rear direction are formed. The rear end of this main shaft side path 16 becomes a rear opening 17 that opens into the inner circumferential surface of the mounting recess 12 near the bottom surface of the mounting recess 12. A front opening 18 opens to the outer peripheral surface. This main shaft side path 16 allows the mounting recess 12 to communicate with the outside of the main shaft 4 in front of the labyrinth 6.

主軸ハウジング２には、図示しないエア供給源と接続されて後述する出口３２に至る複数のハウジング側経路２０，２０が設けられている。このハウジング側経路２０は、主軸ハウジング２の軸方向で主軸ハウジング２の前部まで延びた後、蓋５の手前で径方向内側へ折曲し、ラビリンス６の外側で再び前方へ折曲して、前端の中継出口２１を、蓋５の前面に設けたリング溝２２の底面に開口させている。このリング溝２２に、移動部材２３が前後移動可能に収容されている。
移動部材２３は、後側の短筒部２４と、短筒部２４の前端に連設される円板部２５とを有し、円板部２５は、ラビリンス６よりも前方に位置して主軸４に貫通されている。短筒部２４の後端外周には、フランジ２６が形成されて、蓋５の外周側で前面に取り付けた抑え部材２７との間に、複数のコイルバネ２８，２８・・が、周方向に等間隔をおいて配置されている。
よって、移動部材２３は、常態では、短筒部２４がリング溝２２の底面に当接する図１左側の後退位置に付勢される。 The main shaft housing 2 is provided with a plurality of housing-side paths 20, 20 connected to an air supply source (not shown) and leading to an outlet 32, which will be described later. This housing side path 20 extends in the axial direction of the spindle housing 2 to the front part of the spindle housing 2, then bends radially inward in front of the lid 5, and bends forward again outside the labyrinth 6. , a relay outlet 21 at the front end is opened at the bottom of a ring groove 22 provided on the front surface of the lid 5. A moving member 23 is accommodated in this ring groove 22 so as to be movable back and forth.
The moving member 23 has a short cylindrical part 24 on the rear side and a disc part 25 connected to the front end of the short cylindrical part 24. The disc part 25 is located forward of the labyrinth 6 and has a main axis. 4 is penetrated. A flange 26 is formed on the outer periphery of the rear end of the short cylindrical portion 24, and a plurality of coil springs 28, 28, . They are placed at intervals.
Therefore, in the normal state, the moving member 23 is urged to the retracted position on the left side in FIG. 1, where the short cylindrical portion 24 contacts the bottom surface of the ring groove 22.

また、移動部材２３には、ハウジング側経路２０の一部となる複数の連絡経路３０，３０が形成されている。この連絡経路３０は、短筒部２４と円板部２５とを貫通してＬ字状に折曲形成され、短筒部２４の後端に開口する中継入口３１は、ハウジング側経路２０の中継出口２１と対峙する位置に形成されている。連絡経路３０の円板部２５側では、円板部２５の内周面に出口３２が開口している。この出口３２は、図１の左側に示す移動部材２３の後退位置では、主軸４の主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８よりも後方に位置している。移動部材２３がコイルバネ２８の付勢に抗して前進した際には、図１の右側に示すように、出口３２は前側開口１８と対峙する。
なお、移動部材２３は、図示しない回り止め機構によって、連絡経路３０の中継入口３１が中継出口２１に、出口３２が前側開口１８にそれぞれ対峙可能な位相で回転規制されている。 Further, a plurality of communication paths 30, 30, which are part of the housing side path 20, are formed in the moving member 23. The communication path 30 is formed by penetrating the short cylindrical portion 24 and the disc portion 25 and is bent into an L-shape. It is formed at a position facing the exit 21. On the disk portion 25 side of the communication path 30, an outlet 32 is opened on the inner circumferential surface of the disk portion 25. This outlet 32 is located at the rear of the front opening 18 of the main shaft side path 16 of the main shaft 4 in the retracted position of the moving member 23 shown on the left side of FIG. When the moving member 23 moves forward against the bias of the coil spring 28, the outlet 32 faces the front opening 18, as shown on the right side of FIG.
The rotation of the movable member 23 is restricted by a rotation prevention mechanism (not shown) such that the relay inlet 31 of the communication path 30 faces the relay outlet 21 and the outlet 32 faces the front opening 18, respectively.

以上の如く構成された主軸装置１においては、主軸４が回転して加工を行う際、切削液供給路１５から工具ホルダ１０及び工具を介して加工部位に切削液が供給される。このとき移動部材２３は、コイルバネ２８の付勢によって後退位置にあって、連絡経路３０の出口３２を主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８よりも後方に位置させている。
よって、主軸４の内部でリークした切削液がテーパ部１１と装着凹部１２との間に浸入することがあっても、主軸側経路１６の後側開口１７から主軸側経路１６を通り、ラビリンス６の前方に位置する前側開口１８から主軸４の外部に排出される。このため切削液が軸受３や主軸４の内部へ浸入することがなくなる。また、前側開口１８から切削液が排出されても、移動部材２３は後退位置にあるので、切削液が連絡経路３０の出口３２から連絡経路３０へ浸入することもない。 In the spindle device 1 configured as described above, when the spindle 4 rotates to perform machining, cutting fluid is supplied from the cutting fluid supply path 15 to the machining area via the tool holder 10 and the tool. At this time, the movable member 23 is in the retracted position due to the bias of the coil spring 28, and the outlet 32 of the communication path 30 is located behind the front opening 18 of the main shaft side path 16.
Therefore, even if the cutting fluid leaking inside the spindle 4 enters between the taper part 11 and the mounting recess 12, it passes through the spindle side path 16 from the rear opening 17 of the spindle side path 16 and is removed from the labyrinth 6. It is discharged to the outside of the main shaft 4 from the front opening 18 located in front of the main shaft 4. This prevents cutting fluid from penetrating into the bearing 3 or the main shaft 4. Further, even if the cutting fluid is discharged from the front opening 18, since the moving member 23 is in the retreated position, the cutting fluid will not enter the communication path 30 from the outlet 32 of the communication path 30.

そして、工具ホルダ１０の交換時には、主軸４が、主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８が移動部材２３の出口３２に対峙可能な位相に位置決めされ、この状態でハウジング側経路２０からエアが供給される。
すると、中継出口２１からリング溝２２内に吹き出されるエアの圧力によって、図１の右側に示すように、移動部材２３がコイルバネ２８の付勢に抗して前進し、その前進位置で連絡経路３０の出口３２を前側開口１８に対峙させる。
よって、エアは、中継入口３１から連絡経路３０を通った後、出口３２から前側開口１８に入り、主軸側経路１６を通って後側開口１７から装着凹部１２内に噴出される。このエアブローにより、テーパ部１１や装着凹部１２に付着した異物を吹き飛ばすことができる。エアブロー後、ハウジング側経路２０へのエアの供給が停止されると、移動部材２３がコイルバネ２８の付勢によって後退位置へ復帰し、図１の左側に示すように、連絡経路３０の出口３２を主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８よりも後方へ退避させる。 When replacing the tool holder 10, the main spindle 4 is positioned in such a phase that the front opening 18 of the main spindle side path 16 can face the outlet 32 of the moving member 23, and in this state air is supplied from the housing side path 20. .
Then, due to the pressure of the air blown into the ring groove 22 from the relay outlet 21, the moving member 23 moves forward against the bias of the coil spring 28, as shown on the right side of FIG. The outlet 32 of 30 faces the front opening 18.
Therefore, air passes through the communication path 30 from the relay inlet 31, enters the front opening 18 through the outlet 32, passes through the main shaft side path 16, and is ejected into the mounting recess 12 from the rear opening 17. By this air blow, foreign matter attached to the tapered portion 11 and the mounting recess 12 can be blown away. After the air blow, when the supply of air to the housing side path 20 is stopped, the movable member 23 returns to the retracted position by the bias of the coil spring 28, and as shown on the left side of FIG. It is evacuated to the rear of the front opening 18 of the main shaft side path 16.

このように、上記形態１の主軸装置１では、前端部に工具ホルダ１０（工具）の装着凹部１２（装着部）を有する主軸４と、軸受３を介して主軸４を回転可能に支持する主軸ハウジング２と、軸受３よりも前方で主軸４と主軸ハウジング２との間を密封するラビリンス６（密封部）と、主軸４を回転駆動させるモータと、装着凹部１２にエアを供給するためのエア供給路（主軸側経路１６及びハウジング側経路２０）と、装着凹部１２を介して工具ホルダ１０に切削液を供給するための切削液供給路１５と、を含み、エア供給路を、主軸４に設けられ、後端が装着凹部１２内に開口し、前端が、ラビリンス６よりも前方で主軸４の外周面に開口する主軸側経路１６と、主軸ハウジング２に設けられ、エアの出口３２がラビリンス６よりも前方で主軸ハウジング２の内周面に開口して主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８（前端側の開口）と対峙可能なハウジング側経路２０と、を含んでなるものとしている。
この構成により、切削液が主軸４の内部でリークしても主軸４の構造部に入り込むこと無く外部に排出されるので、突然主軸４が損傷するような事態が起こることを防ぐことができる。よって、信頼性の高い工作機械が提供でき、安定した製品加工を継続させることができるようになる。 As described above, the main spindle device 1 of the first embodiment has a main spindle 4 having a mounting recess 12 (mounting part) for a tool holder 10 (tool) at the front end, and a main shaft rotatably supporting the main shaft 4 via a bearing 3. A labyrinth 6 (sealing part) that seals between the housing 2 and the main shaft 4 and the main shaft housing 2 in front of the bearing 3, a motor that rotationally drives the main shaft 4, and air that supplies air to the mounting recess 12. It includes a supply path (spindle side path 16 and housing side path 20) and a cutting fluid supply path 15 for supplying cutting fluid to the tool holder 10 via the mounting recess 12, and the air supply path is connected to the main shaft 4. The spindle side passage 16 is provided in the spindle housing 2 and has a rear end opening into the mounting recess 12 and a front end opening into the outer circumferential surface of the spindle 4 in front of the labyrinth 6. 6, a housing side path 20 is opened in the inner circumferential surface of the main shaft housing 2 and can face the front opening 18 (opening on the front end side) of the main shaft side path 16.
With this configuration, even if the cutting fluid leaks inside the spindle 4, it is discharged to the outside without entering the structure of the spindle 4, so that a situation where the spindle 4 is suddenly damaged can be prevented. Therefore, a highly reliable machine tool can be provided, and stable product processing can be continued.

特にここでは、連絡経路３０（出口３２を含むハウジング側経路２０の一部）は、主軸ハウジング２の前部で、出口３２を主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８と対峙させる前進位置と、出口３２を前側開口１８よりも後方へ退避させる後退位置とに前後移動可能に設けられた移動部材２３に形成される一方、ハウジング側経路２０へのエアの供給前では、移動部材２３を後退位置に移動させ、ハウジング側経路２０へのエアの供給に伴い、移動部材２３を前進位置に移動させる駆動手段（コイルバネ２８及び空気圧）が設けられている。
この構成により、前側開口１８から切削液が排出されても、移動部材２３が後退位置にあるため、切削液が連絡経路３０の出口３２から連絡経路３０へ浸入することも防止できる。
また、駆動手段を、移動部材２３を後退位置に付勢するコイルバネ２８（付勢部材）と、ハウジング側経路２０へのエアの供給に伴って移動部材２３をコイルバネ２８の付勢に抗して前進位置に移動させる空気圧とを含んでなる構成としているので、エアの供給時の空気圧を利用して移動部材２３を前進位置へ容易に移動させることができる。 Particularly here, the communication channel 30 (the part of the housing-side channel 20 that includes the outlet 32) is in an advanced position in the front part of the spindle housing 2, with the outlet 32 facing the front opening 18 of the spindle-side channel 16; The movable member 23 is provided so as to be movable back and forth to a retracted position where the air is retracted to the rear of the front opening 18. Before supplying air to the housing side path 20, the movable member 23 is moved to the retracted position. A driving means (coil spring 28 and air pressure) is provided for moving the moving member 23 to the forward position as air is supplied to the housing side path 20.
With this configuration, even if the cutting fluid is discharged from the front opening 18, since the moving member 23 is in the retreated position, it is also possible to prevent the cutting fluid from entering the communication path 30 from the outlet 32 of the communication path 30.
In addition, the driving means includes a coil spring 28 (biasing member) that biases the moving member 23 to the retreat position, and a coil spring 28 (biasing member) that biases the moving member 23 to the retracted position. Since the structure includes air pressure for moving the moving member 23 to the forward position, the moving member 23 can be easily moved to the forward position using the air pressure when air is supplied.

なお、形態１において、移動部材の付勢部材として皿バネ等の他の弾性部材を採用することもできる。移動部材の形状も上記形態１に限定されない。
また、駆動手段は、付勢部材と空気圧とを利用する構造に限らず、移動部材駆動用のモータや、シリンダ等のアクチュエータを設けて、モータやアクチュエータによってエアの供給タイミングに合わせて移動部材を前後移動させる構造としてもよい。 Note that in the first embodiment, another elastic member such as a disc spring may be used as the biasing member of the moving member. The shape of the moving member is also not limited to the first embodiment described above.
Furthermore, the driving means is not limited to a structure that utilizes a biasing member and air pressure, but may also include a motor for driving a moving member, an actuator such as a cylinder, and the moving member is driven by the motor or actuator in accordance with the timing of air supply. It may also be structured to move back and forth.

次に、本発明の他の形態を説明する。但し、形態１と同じ構成部には同じ符号を付して重複する説明は省略する。
［形態２］
上記形態１では、１つの移動部材に複数の連絡経路を設けて出口を前側開口に対峙させるようにしているが、移動部材を複数設けて各移動部材に連絡経路を設けるようにしてもよい。
図２にその一例を示す。この主軸装置１Ａでは、蓋５に、前後方向に延びる複数のシリンダ室３５，３５を同心円上に形成している。そして、各シリンダ室３５に、後端にフランジ２６を有してＬ字状の連絡経路３０が形成される軸状の移動部材２３Ａ，２３Ａを前後移動可能に収容し、それぞれコイルバネ２８によって移動部材２３Ａを後退位置に付勢している。
蓋５の前部には、前進した移動部材２３Ａの出口３２を含む前端が突出する複数の横穴３６，３６が、径方向に形成されて、横穴３６の径方向内側の開口が、主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８と対峙している。 Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be explained. However, the same components as those in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals and redundant explanations will be omitted.
[Form 2]
In the first embodiment, one movable member is provided with a plurality of communication paths so that the outlet faces the front opening, but it is also possible to provide a plurality of movable members and provide each movable member with a communication path.
An example is shown in FIG. In this main shaft device 1A, a plurality of cylinder chambers 35, 35 extending in the front-rear direction are formed concentrically in the lid 5. In each cylinder chamber 35, shaft-shaped moving members 23A, 23A having a flange 26 at the rear end and forming an L-shaped communication path 30 are housed so as to be movable back and forth. 23A is urged to the retreat position.
A plurality of horizontal holes 36, 36, whose front ends including the outlet 32 of the forward moving member 23A protrude, are formed in the front part of the lid 5 in the radial direction, and the radially inner opening of the horizontal hole 36 is connected to the main shaft side path. 16 facing the front opening 18.

以上の如く構成された主軸装置１Ａにおいては、主軸４が回転して加工を行う際、各移動部材２３Ａは、コイルバネ２８の付勢によって後退位置にあって、連絡経路３０の出口３２を主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８よりも後方に位置させている。
このとき、主軸４の内部でリークした切削液がテーパ部１１と装着凹部１２との間に浸入することがあっても、主軸側経路１６の後側開口１７から主軸側経路１６を通り、ラビリンス６の前方に位置する前側開口１８から主軸４の外部に排出される。よって、切削液が軸受３や主軸４の内部へ浸入することがなくなる。また、前側開口１８から切削液が排出されても、各移動部材２３Ａが後退位置にあるため、切削液が横穴３６に浸入することはあっても、連絡経路３０の出口３２から連絡経路３０へ浸入することもない。 In the spindle device 1A configured as described above, when the spindle 4 rotates to perform processing, each moving member 23A is in the retreat position due to the bias of the coil spring 28, and the outlet 32 of the communication path 30 is placed on the spindle side. It is located at the rear of the front opening 18 of the path 16.
At this time, even if the cutting fluid leaking inside the spindle 4 enters between the taper part 11 and the mounting recess 12, it passes through the spindle side path 16 from the rear opening 17 of the spindle side path 16 and is removed from the labyrinth. It is discharged to the outside of the main shaft 4 from the front opening 18 located in front of the main shaft 6 . Therefore, cutting fluid is prevented from penetrating into the bearing 3 and the main shaft 4. Further, even if the cutting fluid is discharged from the front opening 18, since each moving member 23A is in the retreated position, the cutting fluid may enter the side hole 36, but it will not flow from the outlet 32 of the communication path 30 to the communication path 30. There is no possibility of infiltration.

そして、工具ホルダ１０の交換時には、中継出口２１からシリンダ室３５に吹き出されるエアの圧力によって、図２の右側に示すように、各移動部材２３Ａがコイルバネ２８の付勢に抗して前進し、その前進位置で連絡経路３０の出口３２を横穴３６内で前側開口１８に対峙させる。
よって、エアは、中継入口３１から連絡経路３０を通った後、出口３２から横穴３６を通って前側開口１８に入り、主軸側経路１６を通って後側開口１７から装着凹部１２内に噴出される。エアブロー後、ハウジング側経路２０へのエアの供給が停止されると、各移動部材２３Ａがコイルバネ２８の付勢によって後退位置へ復帰し、図２の左側に示すように、連絡経路３０の出口３２を主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８よりも後方へ退避させる。 When replacing the tool holder 10, the pressure of the air blown from the relay outlet 21 into the cylinder chamber 35 causes each moving member 23A to move forward against the bias of the coil spring 28, as shown on the right side of FIG. , in its advanced position, the outlet 32 of the communication channel 30 faces the front opening 18 within the lateral hole 36.
Therefore, air passes through the communication path 30 from the relay inlet 31, enters the front opening 18 from the outlet 32 through the side hole 36, passes through the main shaft side path 16, and is blown out from the rear opening 17 into the mounting recess 12. Ru. After the air blow, when the supply of air to the housing side path 20 is stopped, each moving member 23A returns to the retracted position by the bias of the coil spring 28, and as shown on the left side of FIG. is retracted to the rear of the front opening 18 of the main shaft side path 16.

このように、上記形態２の主軸装置１Ａにおいても、エア供給路を、主軸４に設けられ、後端が装着凹部１２内に開口し、前端が、ラビリンス６よりも前方で主軸４の外周面に開口する主軸側経路１６と、主軸ハウジング２に設けられ、エアの出口３２がラビリンス６よりも前方で主軸ハウジング２の内周面に開口して主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８と対峙可能なハウジング側経路２０と、を含んでなるものとしている。
この構成により、切削液が主軸４の内部でリークしても主軸４の構造部に入り込むこと無く外部に排出されるので、突然主軸４が損傷するような事態が起こることを防ぐことができる。よって、信頼性の高い工作機械が提供でき、安定した製品加工を継続させることができるようになる。 In this manner, also in the spindle device 1A of the second embodiment, the air supply path is provided in the spindle 4, the rear end opens into the mounting recess 12, and the front end is located on the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 4 in front of the labyrinth 6. The main shaft side path 16 is provided in the main shaft housing 2, and the air outlet 32 opens on the inner peripheral surface of the main shaft housing 2 in front of the labyrinth 6 and can face the front opening 18 of the main shaft side path 16. A housing side path 20.
With this configuration, even if the cutting fluid leaks inside the spindle 4, it is discharged to the outside without entering the structure of the spindle 4, so that a situation where the spindle 4 is suddenly damaged can be prevented. Therefore, a highly reliable machine tool can be provided, and stable product processing can be continued.

特にここでも、連絡経路３０を、主軸ハウジング２の前部で、出口３２を主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８と対峙させる前進位置と、出口３２を前側開口１８よりも後方へ退避させる後退位置とに前後移動可能に設けられた移動部材２３Ａに形成して、コイルバネ２８と空気圧とを利用した駆動手段によって移動部材２３Ａを後退位置と前進位置とに移動させているので、前側開口１８から切削液が排出されても、移動部材２３Ａが後退位置にあるため、切削液が連絡経路３０の出口３２から連絡経路３０へ浸入することも防止できる。また、エアの供給時の空気圧を利用して移動部材２３Ａを前進位置へ容易に移動させることができる。 In particular, also here, the communication path 30 is placed at the front of the spindle housing 2 in a forward position where the outlet 32 faces the front opening 18 of the spindle side path 16 and a retreat position where the outlet 32 is retracted to the rear of the front opening 18. Since the movable member 23A is formed in the movable member 23A to be movable back and forth, and the movable member 23A is moved between the retracted position and the forward position by a driving means using the coil spring 28 and air pressure, the cutting fluid is discharged from the front opening 18. Even if the cutting fluid is discharged, since the moving member 23A is in the retracted position, it is also possible to prevent cutting fluid from entering the communication path 30 from the outlet 32 of the communication path 30. Further, the moving member 23A can be easily moved to the forward position by using the air pressure when air is supplied.

なお、形態２においても、移動部材の付勢部材として皿バネ等の他の弾性部材を採用することもできる。移動部材の形状も上記形態２に限定されない。１つの移動部材に複数の連絡経路を設けてもよい。
また、駆動手段は、付勢部材と空気圧とを利用する構造に限らず、移動部材駆動用のモータや、シリンダ等のアクチュエータを設けて、モータやアクチュエータによってエアの供給タイミングに合わせて移動部材を前後移動させる構造としてもよい。 In addition, also in the second embodiment, another elastic member such as a disc spring can be used as the biasing member of the moving member. The shape of the moving member is also not limited to the second embodiment. A plurality of communication paths may be provided for one moving member.
Furthermore, the driving means is not limited to a structure that utilizes a biasing member and air pressure, but may also include a motor for driving a moving member, an actuator such as a cylinder, and the moving member is driven by the motor or actuator in accordance with the timing of air supply. It may also be structured to move back and forth.

［形態３］
形態１，２のような移動部材を設けずにハウジング側経路への切削液の浸入を防止することもできる。
図３にその一例を示す。この主軸装置１Ｂでは、図３の左側に示すように、ラビリンス６の前方で蓋５の前面に、前側開口１８を含む主軸４の外周面を開放させる凹部４０を形成し、その凹部４０に、Ｌ字状の連絡経路３０を有する固定部材４１を、蓋５から前方へ張り出させる格好で固定して、出口３２を主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８に対峙させている。そして、連絡経路３０における出口３２付近には、出口３２からの切削液の浸入を防ぐための逆止弁４２を設けている。また、主軸４では、図３の右側に示すように、固定部材４１と対応しない位相にも、主軸側経路１６を形成している。この主軸側経路１６では、蓋５の前面よりも前方に前側開口１８が位置することになる。 [Form 3]
It is also possible to prevent the cutting fluid from entering the housing side path without providing a moving member as in the first and second embodiments.
An example is shown in FIG. In this spindle device 1B, as shown on the left side of FIG. 3, a recess 40 is formed on the front surface of the lid 5 in front of the labyrinth 6 to open the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 4 including the front opening 18, and in the recess 40, A fixing member 41 having an L-shaped communication path 30 is fixed so as to project forward from the lid 5, so that the outlet 32 faces the front opening 18 of the main shaft side path 16. A check valve 42 is provided near the outlet 32 in the communication path 30 to prevent cutting fluid from entering from the outlet 32. Further, in the main shaft 4, as shown on the right side of FIG. 3, the main shaft side path 16 is also formed in a phase that does not correspond to the fixed member 41. In this main shaft side path 16, the front opening 18 is located in front of the front surface of the lid 5.

以上の如く構成された主軸装置１Ｂにおいては、主軸４が回転して加工を行う際、主軸４の内部でリークした切削液がテーパ部１１と装着凹部１２との間に浸入することがあっても、主軸側経路１６の後側開口１７から主軸側経路１６を通り、ラビリンス６の前方に位置する前側開口１８から主軸４の外部に排出される。よって、切削液が軸受３や主軸４の内部へ浸入することがなくなる。このとき、切削液が排出される前側開口１８と出口３２との位相が合うことがあっても、逆止弁４２によって切削液が出口３２から連絡経路３０へ浸入することも防止される。
そして、工具ホルダ１０の交換時には、主軸４において前側開口１８を出口３２に合わせる位相制御を行った後、ハウジング側経路２０からエアを供給する。すると、エアは、中継出口２１から凹部４０内を通り、中継入口３１から連絡経路３０を通った後、逆止弁４２を介して出口３２から吹き出される。そのままエアは、前側開口１８から主軸側経路１６に入り、後側開口１７から装着凹部１２内に噴出される。 In the spindle device 1B configured as described above, when the spindle 4 rotates to perform machining, cutting fluid leaking inside the spindle 4 may enter between the taper portion 11 and the mounting recess 12. The liquid also passes through the main shaft side path 16 from the rear opening 17 of the main shaft side path 16, and is discharged to the outside of the main shaft 4 from the front opening 18 located in front of the labyrinth 6. Therefore, cutting fluid is prevented from penetrating into the bearing 3 and the main shaft 4. At this time, even if the front opening 18 through which the cutting fluid is discharged and the outlet 32 are in phase, the check valve 42 prevents the cutting fluid from entering the communication path 30 from the outlet 32.
When replacing the tool holder 10, air is supplied from the housing side path 20 after performing phase control to align the front opening 18 with the outlet 32 in the main shaft 4. Then, the air passes through the recess 40 from the relay outlet 21, passes through the communication path 30 from the relay inlet 31, and is blown out from the outlet 32 via the check valve 42. The air enters the spindle side path 16 from the front opening 18 and is blown out into the mounting recess 12 from the rear opening 17.

このように、上記形態３の主軸装置１Ｂにおいても、エア供給路を、主軸４に設けられ、後端が装着凹部１２内に開口し、前端が、ラビリンス６よりも前方で主軸４の外周面に開口する主軸側経路１６と、主軸ハウジング２に設けられ、エアの出口３２がラビリンス６よりも前方で主軸ハウジング２の内周面に開口して主軸側経路１６の前側開口１８と対峙可能なハウジング側経路２０と、を含んでなるものとしている。
この構成により、切削液が主軸４の内部でリークしても主軸４の構造部に入り込むこと無く外部に排出されるので、突然主軸４が損傷するような事態が起こることを防ぐことができる。よって、信頼性の高い工作機械が提供でき、安定した製品加工を継続させることができるようになる。 In this manner, also in the main spindle device 1B of the third embodiment, the air supply path is provided in the main spindle 4, the rear end opens into the mounting recess 12, and the front end is located on the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 4 in front of the labyrinth 6. The main shaft side path 16 is provided in the main shaft housing 2, and the air outlet 32 opens on the inner peripheral surface of the main shaft housing 2 in front of the labyrinth 6 and can face the front opening 18 of the main shaft side path 16. A housing side path 20.
With this configuration, even if the cutting fluid leaks inside the spindle 4, it is discharged to the outside without entering the structure of the spindle 4, so that a situation where the spindle 4 is suddenly damaged can be prevented. Therefore, a highly reliable machine tool can be provided, and stable product processing can be continued.

特にここでは、連絡経路３０を、固定部材４１によって主軸ハウジング２から前方に突出形成して、出口３２を前側開口１８と対峙可能としているので、ラビリンス６より前方での主軸側経路１６へのエアの供給を簡単な構造で行うことができる。
また、連絡経路３０における出口３２側には、逆止弁４２が設けられているので、切削液が出口３２から連絡経路３０へ浸入することを効果的に防止できる。 Particularly here, the communication path 30 is formed to protrude forward from the spindle housing 2 by the fixing member 41, so that the outlet 32 can face the front opening 18. can be supplied with a simple structure.
Furthermore, since the check valve 42 is provided on the outlet 32 side of the communication path 30, it is possible to effectively prevent cutting fluid from entering the communication path 30 from the outlet 32.

なお、形態３において、固定部材の構造は適宜変更可能である。逆止弁も省略可能である。
また、別体の固定部材を用いて連絡経路を突出形成する構造に限らず、蓋の前面へ一体に突出形成された凸部に連絡経路を形成しても差し支えない。 Note that in the third embodiment, the structure of the fixing member can be changed as appropriate. The check valve can also be omitted.
Further, the structure is not limited to forming the communication path in a protruding manner using a separate fixing member, but the communication path may be formed in a convex portion that is integrally formed to protrude from the front surface of the lid.

そして、各形態に共通して、主軸側経路及びハウジング側経路の数や形態は適宜変更可能である。
また、前側開口と出口とが多少ずれてもエアを主軸側へ供給できるように、主軸の外周面と移動部材又は固定部材の内周面とにおける前側開口と出口との開口面積を大きくしたり、当該外周面と内周面とに、前側開口と出口とを含んで周方向に連続する凹溝を形成して、凹溝同士を連通させたりしてもよい。
さらに、形態３の連絡経路の出口側の逆止弁は、形態１，２の移動部材にも採用できる。
加えて、密封部も、ラビリンスに限らず、オイルシール等の接触型のシール構造であっても差し支えない。 Common to each form, the number and form of the spindle-side paths and the housing-side paths can be changed as appropriate.
In addition, the opening area between the front opening and the outlet on the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft and the inner peripheral surface of the moving member or fixed member is increased so that air can be supplied to the main shaft even if the front opening and the outlet are slightly misaligned. A concave groove that includes a front opening and an outlet and continues in the circumferential direction may be formed on the outer circumferential surface and the inner circumferential surface so that the concave grooves communicate with each other.
Further, the check valve on the outlet side of the communication path of the third embodiment can also be employed in the moving member of the first and second embodiments.
In addition, the sealing portion is not limited to a labyrinth, but may also be a contact type seal structure such as an oil seal.

１，１Ａ，１Ｂ・・主軸装置、２・・主軸ハウジング、３・・軸受、４・・主軸、５・・蓋、６・・ラビリンス、１０・・工具ホルダ、１１・・テーパ部、１２・・装着凹部、１５・・切削液供給路、１６・・主軸側経路、１７・・後側開口、１８・・前側開口、２０・・ハウジング側経路、２１・・中継出口、２２・・リング溝、２３，２３Ａ・・移動部材、２４・・短筒部、２５・・円板部、２８・・コイルバネ、３０・・連絡経路、３１・・中継入口、３２・・出口、４１・・固定部材、４２・・逆止弁。 1, 1A, 1B...Spindle device, 2...Spindle housing, 3...Bearing, 4...Spindle, 5...Lid, 6...Labyrinth, 10...Tool holder, 11...Tapered part, 12...・Mounting recess, 15. Cutting fluid supply path, 16. Spindle side path, 17. Rear opening, 18. Front opening, 20. Housing side path, 21. Relay outlet, 22. Ring groove. , 23, 23A... Moving member, 24... Short cylinder part, 25... Disc part, 28... Coil spring, 30... Communication route, 31... Relay inlet, 32... Outlet, 41... Fixed member. , 42... Check valve.

Claims

前端部に工具の装着部を有する主軸と、
軸受を介して前記主軸を回転可能に支持する主軸ハウジングと、
前記軸受よりも前方で前記主軸と前記主軸ハウジングとの間を密封する密封部と、
前記主軸を回転駆動させるモータと、
前記装着部にエアを供給するためのエア供給路と、
前記装着部を介して前記工具に切削液を供給するための切削液供給路と、を含む工作機械の主軸装置であって、
前記エア供給路は、前記主軸に設けられ、後端が前記装着部内に開口し、前端が、前記密封部よりも前方で前記主軸の外周面に開口する主軸側経路と、
前記主軸ハウジングに設けられ、エアの出口が前記密封部よりも前方で前記主軸ハウジングの内周面に開口して前記主軸側経路の前端側の開口と対峙可能なハウジング側経路と、を含んでなり、
前記出口を含む前記ハウジング側経路の一部は、前記主軸ハウジングの前部で前記主軸の軸方向へ前後移動可能に設けられた移動部材に形成され、前記移動部材は、前進位置では、前記主軸の所定の位相で前記出口を前記主軸側経路の前端側の開口と対峙させ、後退位置では、前記主軸が前記所定の位相であっても前記出口を前記前端側の開口よりも後方へ退避させる一方、
前記ハウジング側経路へのエアの供給前では、前記移動部材を前記後退位置に移動させ、前記ハウジング側経路へのエアの供給に伴い、前記移動部材を前記前進位置に移動させる駆動手段が設けられていることを特徴とする工作機械の主軸装置。 a main shaft having a tool mounting part at the front end;
a main shaft housing rotatably supporting the main shaft via a bearing;
a sealing portion that seals between the main shaft and the main shaft housing in front of the bearing;
a motor that rotationally drives the main shaft;
an air supply path for supplying air to the mounting section;
A main spindle device for a machine tool, comprising: a cutting fluid supply path for supplying cutting fluid to the tool via the mounting portion,
The air supply path is provided on the main shaft, and has a main shaft side path with a rear end opening into the mounting part and a front end opening on the outer circumferential surface of the main shaft in front of the sealing part;
a housing-side path provided in the main shaft housing, the air outlet opening in the inner circumferential surface of the main shaft housing in front of the sealing portion and facing the opening on the front end side of the main shaft-side path; Become,
A part of the housing-side path including the outlet is formed in a moving member that is provided at the front part of the main shaft housing so as to be movable back and forth in the axial direction of the main shaft, and in the forward position, the moving member moves along the main shaft. The outlet is made to face the opening on the front end side of the main shaft side path at a predetermined phase, and in the retracted position, the outlet is retracted to the rear of the opening on the front end side even if the main shaft is in the predetermined phase. on the other hand,
Driving means is provided for moving the movable member to the retracted position before supplying air to the housing side path, and for moving the movable member to the forward position as air is supplied to the housing side path. A machine tool spindle device characterized by:

前記駆動手段は、前記移動部材を前記後退位置に付勢する付勢部材と、前記ハウジング側経路へのエアの供給に伴って前記移動部材を前記付勢部材の付勢に抗して前記前進位置に移動させる空気圧とを含んでなることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の工作機械の主軸装置。 The driving means includes a biasing member that biases the movable member to the retreated position, and a biasing member that biases the movable member to the forward position against the bias of the biasing member as air is supplied to the housing side path. 2. The spindle device for a machine tool according to claim 1 , further comprising air pressure for moving the spindle device to the desired position.

前端部に工具の装着部を有する主軸と、
軸受を介して前記主軸を回転可能に支持する主軸ハウジングと、
前記軸受よりも前方で前記主軸と前記主軸ハウジングとの間を密封する密封部と、
前記主軸を回転駆動させるモータと、
前記装着部にエアを供給するためのエア供給路と、
前記装着部を介して前記工具に切削液を供給するための切削液供給路と、を含む工作機械の主軸装置であって、
前記エア供給路は、前記主軸に設けられ、後端が前記装着部内に開口し、前端が、前記密封部よりも前方で前記主軸の外周面に開口する主軸側経路と、
前記主軸ハウジングに設けられ、エアの出口が前記密封部よりも前方で前記主軸ハウジングの内周面に開口して前記主軸側経路の前端側の開口と対峙可能なハウジング側経路と、を含んでなり、
前記出口を含む前記ハウジング側経路の一部は、前記主軸ハウジングから前方に突出形成されて、前記主軸の所定の位相では、前記前端側の開口を前記出口と対峙させる一方、前記前端側の開口が前記ハウジング側経路の前記一部に径方向で重ならない前記主軸の他の位相では、前記前端側の開口を前記主軸ハウジングの前端よりも前方に露出させることを特徴とする工作機械の主軸装置。 a main shaft having a tool mounting part at the front end;
a main shaft housing rotatably supporting the main shaft via a bearing;
a sealing portion that seals between the main shaft and the main shaft housing in front of the bearing;
a motor that rotationally drives the main shaft;
an air supply path for supplying air to the mounting section;
A main spindle device for a machine tool, comprising: a cutting fluid supply path for supplying cutting fluid to the tool via the mounting portion,
The air supply path is provided on the main shaft, and has a main shaft side path with a rear end opening into the mounting part and a front end opening on the outer circumferential surface of the main shaft in front of the sealing part;
a housing-side path provided in the main shaft housing, the air outlet opening in the inner circumferential surface of the main shaft housing in front of the sealing portion and facing the opening on the front end side of the main shaft-side path; Become,
A part of the housing side path including the outlet is formed to protrude forward from the main shaft housing, so that in a predetermined phase of the main shaft, the opening on the front end side faces the outlet, and the opening on the front end side faces the outlet. A main spindle device of a machine tool, characterized in that in other phases of the main spindle where the main shaft does not overlap in the radial direction with the part of the housing side path, the opening on the front end side is exposed ahead of the front end of the main spindle housing. .

前記ハウジング側経路における前記出口側には、逆止弁が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３の何れかに記載の工作機械の主軸装置。 4. The spindle device for a machine tool according to claim 1 , wherein a check valve is provided on the outlet side of the housing side path.