JP7378479B2 - 負極材料、電気化学装置及び電子装置 - Google Patents
負極材料、電気化学装置及び電子装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7378479B2 JP7378479B2 JP2021539132A JP2021539132A JP7378479B2 JP 7378479 B2 JP7378479 B2 JP 7378479B2 JP 2021539132 A JP2021539132 A JP 2021539132A JP 2021539132 A JP2021539132 A JP 2021539132A JP 7378479 B2 JP7378479 B2 JP 7378479B2
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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Description
負極片は、負極集電体及び負極集電体に設けられる負極活物質層を含み、負極活物質層は前記のいずれか1項に記載の負極材料を含む、電気化学装置を提供する。
ステップ1:粒子径1mm~100mm、化学式SiOx(0.5≦x≦1.6)の無定形一酸化ケイ素粉末500gに対して機械破砕処理を行った後、ジェットミルで空気破砕し、そして、分級して、粒度範囲が0.2μm~30μmである一酸化ケイ素粉末が得られる。
調製された負極材料粉末、黒鉛、導電剤及びバインダーを取り、リチウムイオン電池用負極片を制作する。導電剤は、導電性カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、導電性黒鉛、グラフェン等から選ばれる一種以上を含む。黒鉛は、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、及びメソカーボンマイクロビーズから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む。具体的なステップは以下の通りである。
正極材料であるLiCoO2、導電性カーボンブラック、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を、96.7:1.7:1.6の重量比でN-メチルピロリドン溶媒系に十分に撹拌し、均一に混合し、アルミニウム箔に塗布し、乾燥し、コールドプレスして、正極片が得られた。
ポリエチレン多孔質重合フィルムをセパレーターとして使用し、セパレータが正極片と負極片との間に介在して隔離の役割を果たすように、正極片、セパレーター、負極片を順に積層し、巻いて、ベアセルが得られる。ベアセルを外装に入れ、電解液(電解液におけるエチレンカーボネートEC、ジメチルカーボネートDMC、及びジエチルカーボネートDECの体積比は1:1:1であり、FECの質量含有量は10%であり、LiPF6の濃度は1mol/Lである)を注入し、封止した。化成、脱気、トリミングのプロセスを経て、電気化学装置が得られる。
実施例1
ステップ(1):粒子径1mm~100mm、化学式SiOx(0.5≦x≦1.6)の無定形一酸化ケイ素粉末500gに対して機械破砕処理を行った後、ジェットミルで空気破砕し、粒度範囲が0.2μm~30μmである一酸化ケイ素粉末が得られ、分級して、Dn10≧1μmを満たすSiOxが得られた。
真空攪拌機MSK-SFM-10において、負極材料400g、黒鉛2400g及び導電剤(導電性カーボンブラック)35gを攪拌機に加え、公転速度10r/min~30r/minで120分間攪拌した。
正極材料であるLiCoO2、導電性カーボンブラック、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を、96.7:1.7:1.6の重量比でN-メチルピロリドン溶媒に十分に撹拌し、均一に混合し、アルミニウム箔に塗布し、乾燥し、コールドプレスして、正極片が得られた。
セパレーターとしては、ポリエチレン多孔質重合フィルムが使用された。セパレータが正極片と負極片との間に介在して隔離の役割を果たすように、正極片、セパレーター、負極片を順に積層し、巻いて、ベアセルが得られた。ベアセルを外装に入れ、電解液(電解液におけるエチレンカーボネートEC、ジメチルカーボネートDMC、及びジエチルカーボネートDECの体積比は1:1:1であり、FECの質量含有量は10%であり、LiPF6の濃度は1mol/Lである)を注入し、封止した。化成、脱気、トリミングのプロセスを経て、リチウムイオン電池が得られた。
実施例2
実施例3
実施例4
実施例5
実施例6
実施例7
実施例8
ステップ(1):粒子径1mm~100mm、化学式SiOx(0.5≦x≦1.6)の無定形一酸化ケイ素粉末500gに対して機械破砕処理を行った後、ジェットミルで空気破砕し、粒度範囲が0.2μm~30μmである一酸化ケイ素粉末が得られ、分級して、Dn10≧1μmを満たすケイ素酸素粒子SiOxが得られた。
実施例9
実施例10
実施例11
実施例12
実施例13
実施例14
粒子の直径R=(最長径R1+最短径R2)/2。
45℃で400サイクル後の容量維持率=C1/C0×100%。
45℃で400サイクル後の膨張率=(d1-d0)/d0×100%。
Claims (10)
- ケイ素系材料、又はケイ素系材料及び黒鉛を含む負極材料であって、
前記ケイ素系材料はケイ素酸素材料と前記ケイ素酸素材料の表面に位置するカーボン層とを含み、
前記ケイ素系材料の粒子の粒子径分布は1≦(Dn99-Dn10)/Dn50≦4、且つ、Dn10≧1μm、Dn50≧3μmを満たし、Dn10、Dn50及びDn99は、それぞれ、前記ケイ素系材料の粒子の個数基準の粒子径分布図において、粒子の粒子径の小さいほうから大きい方への順で計算した積算粒子数が全粒子数の10%、50%及び99%となる粒子径であり、
前記カーボン層は、長さが20nm~50nmである絨毛状構造であることを特徴とする、負極材料。 - 前記ケイ素系材料と前記黒鉛の全質量に占める前記ケイ素系材料の質量の比は、5%~100%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の負極材料。
- 前記黒鉛は、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、及びメソカーボンマイクロビーズから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の負極材料。
- 前記ケイ素酸素材料はSiOxを含み、xは0.5<x<1.6を満たし、
SiOxは結晶質SiOxとアモルファスSiOxの少なくとも一種を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の負極材料。 - 前記カーボン層のラマンスペクトルにおいて、1350cm-1におけるピーク強度I1350と1580cm-1におけるピーク強度I1580との比は、1.0<I1350/I1580<2.5を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の負極材料。
- 正極片、負極片、及び前記正極片と前記負極片との間に設けられるセパレーターを含む電気化学装置であって、
前記負極片は負極集電体及び前記負極集電体に設けられる負極活物質層を含み、前記負極活物質層は請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の負極材料を含むことを特徴とする、電気化学装置。 - 前記負極活物質層は、バインダーを含み、
前記バインダーは、ポリアクリレート、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、スチレンブタジエンゴム、アルギン酸ナトリウム、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリアクリロニトリル、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、カルボキシメチルセルロースカリウム、ヒドロキシメチルセルロースナトリウム及びヒドロキシメチルセルロースカリウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の電気化学装置。 - 有機溶媒とリチウム塩とを含む電解液をさらに含み、
前記有機溶媒は、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、プロピレンカーボネート及びエチルプロピオネートから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の電気化学装置。 - 前記有機溶媒は、前記電解液に対する質量比が3%~25%であるフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)を含むことを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の電気化学装置。
- 請求項6~9のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学装置を含むことを特徴とする、電子装置。
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