JP7364762B1 - Recycled sand raw material composition and method for producing the same, and method for producing recycled sand and resin-coated sand - Google Patents
Recycled sand raw material composition and method for producing the same, and method for producing recycled sand and resin-coated sand Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7364762B1 JP7364762B1 JP2022162671A JP2022162671A JP7364762B1 JP 7364762 B1 JP7364762 B1 JP 7364762B1 JP 2022162671 A JP2022162671 A JP 2022162671A JP 2022162671 A JP2022162671 A JP 2022162671A JP 7364762 B1 JP7364762 B1 JP 7364762B1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sand
- recycled
- raw material
- waste
- material composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 274
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010742 number 1 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 243
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003473 refuse derived fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001137208 Notropis stramineus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- WDPYDDUVWLUIDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;phenol Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1 WDPYDDUVWLUIDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010680 novolac-type phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005029 sieve analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】廃砂の再生に際して、取扱いが容易であり、安定的かつ効率的に焼成可能な再生砂原料を提供する。【解決手段】廃砂と平均粒径１０μｍ～２０ｍｍの可燃性物質とを含む再生砂原料組成物。【選択図】図１The present invention provides a recycled sand raw material that is easy to handle and can be stably and efficiently fired when recycling waste sand. A recycled sand raw material composition containing waste sand and a combustible material having an average particle size of 10 μm to 20 mm. [Selection diagram] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、再生砂原料組成物及びその製造方法、並びに再生砂及びレジンコーテッドサンドの製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a recycled sand raw material composition, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing recycled sand and resin-coated sand.
鋳造工場で生型又は中子の形成に使用された鋳物砂（廃砂）を再生して使用することが広く行われている。廃砂から再生砂を製造する場合、廃砂の耐火性骨材に付着した有機分及び無機分を除去する必要がある。廃砂の再生方法としては、例えば、ロータリーキルン等の焙焼炉を用い、廃砂を流動させつつ上部又は下部からバーナーで加熱することにより、廃砂の付着物を燃焼除去する方法が知られている。 BACKGROUND ART It is widely practiced to recycle and use foundry sand (waste sand) used to form green molds or cores in foundries. When producing recycled sand from waste sand, it is necessary to remove organic and inorganic components attached to the refractory aggregate of the waste sand. As a method for recycling waste sand, for example, a method is known in which deposits on the waste sand are burned and removed by using a roasting furnace such as a rotary kiln and heating the waste sand from the upper or lower part with a burner while fluidizing the waste sand. There is.
特許文献１（特開昭６０－２１６９５０号公報）には、鋳物砂に含有される可燃物が少ない又は鋳物砂に可燃物が含有されていない場合に、コークス粉、炭素系ダスト等の粒状可燃物を鋳物砂に添加し、この鋳物砂を自然焙焼することを含む鋳物砂の再生方法が記載されている。 Patent Document 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-216950) states that when foundry sand contains little or no combustibles, granular combustibles such as coke powder and carbon-based dust A method of regenerating foundry sand is described which includes adding a substance to foundry sand and naturally roasting the foundry sand.
特許文献２（特公昭５４－３０４２号公報）には、鋳物古砂に油脂、合成樹脂等の液体又は粉状、細粒状等の固体の可燃物を添加混合して流動層焙焼炉に入れ、古砂中に既に含まれている可燃性の粘結剤、配合剤及びそれらが不完全燃焼した炭化物とともに、炉内に送入される空気中の酸素と燃焼反応させることによって恒温で焙焼を行い、古砂に含まれている可燃物の燃焼並びに付着水及び構造水の蒸発を行うことを特徴とする鋳物古砂の再生方法が記載されている。 Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-3042) discloses that liquids such as oils and fats, synthetic resins, or solid combustible substances such as powders and fine particles are added and mixed to old foundry sand, and the mixture is placed in a fluidized bed roasting furnace. The combustible binder, compounding agents, and their incompletely combusted carbides already contained in the old sand are roasted at a constant temperature by causing a combustion reaction with the oxygen in the air that is sent into the furnace. A method for recycling old foundry sand is described, which is characterized by burning combustible materials contained in the old sand and evaporating adhering water and structural water.
特許文献３（特開２０１８－１８３８１２号公報）には、使用済み鋳物砂の再生方法であって、少なくとも砂及びゴムチップを混合した補助可燃物を用意する工程と、上記鋳物砂と上記補助可燃物とを混合する工程と、上記混合工程で得られた混合物を焼成する工程とを有する鋳物砂の再生方法が記載されている。 Patent Document 3 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2018-183812) describes a method for recycling used foundry sand, including a step of preparing an auxiliary combustible material that is a mixture of at least sand and rubber chips, and a step of preparing an auxiliary combustible material that is a mixture of at least sand and rubber chips. A method for regenerating foundry sand is described, which includes a step of mixing the above-described mixing step and a step of firing the mixture obtained in the mixing step.
廃砂は、廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律（以下、「廃棄物処理法」という。）に基づく産業廃棄物のうち鉱さいに該当する。廃砂の再生を、鋳造工場とは別の場所で行う場合、又は鋳造業者とは別の事業者が行う場合、廃砂の収集、運搬、中間処理、受渡し等は、廃棄物処理法に従って行われる必要がある。そのため、廃砂の再生に際しては、作業、処理費、及び事務手続に関連する多大なコストが発生する。また、産業廃棄物に該当する廃砂を焼成する場合、一般的には６００℃～８５０℃の高温焼成が要求されるため、焙焼炉内の温度維持に多量の燃料を必要とし、このこともコストの増大を招く。 Waste sand falls under slag, which is industrial waste based on the Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Law (hereinafter referred to as the "Waste Disposal Law"). When waste sand is recycled at a location other than the foundry or by a business other than the foundry, the collection, transportation, intermediate treatment, delivery, etc. of waste sand must be carried out in accordance with the Waste Management Law. need to be taught. As a result, recycling waste sand incurs significant costs associated with operations, processing costs, and administrative procedures. Additionally, when waste sand that falls under industrial waste is fired, high-temperature firing of 600°C to 850°C is generally required, which requires a large amount of fuel to maintain the temperature inside the roasting furnace. This also results in increased costs.
廃砂に含まれる可燃物の量は、鋳造品の種類及び鋳造工程によって様々である。一般に、生型砂にはベントナイト等の無機粘結剤及び有機系添加物が使用され、中子砂にはフェノール樹脂等の有機粘結剤が使用される。鋳造品の形状によって生型砂及び中子砂の使用量は異なるため、使用済みの生型砂と中子砂とが分離されずに廃砂として回収されると、廃砂に含まれる可燃物の量は変動する。また、鋳造工程、特に鋳造温度は、鋳造品に含まれる金属の種類によって異なることから、鋳造工程は有機粘結剤の炭化度に影響する。 The amount of combustibles contained in waste sand varies depending on the type of casting and the casting process. Generally, an inorganic binder such as bentonite and an organic additive are used for green mold sand, and an organic binder such as phenolic resin is used for core sand. The amount of green mold sand and core sand used varies depending on the shape of the cast product, so if used green mold sand and core sand are collected as waste sand without being separated, the amount of combustibles contained in the waste sand will increase. varies. Furthermore, since the casting process, particularly the casting temperature, differs depending on the type of metal contained in the cast product, the casting process affects the degree of carbonization of the organic binder.
廃砂に含まれる有機系添加物、有機粘結剤及びその炭化物は、廃砂の焼成の際に可燃物として燃焼して熱を生成する。この生成熱は焙焼炉内の温度に影響する。可燃物の付着量の少ない廃砂を焼成するときに、外部から燃料を加えずに焼成を行うと、焙焼炉内の温度が低下してしまい、焼成が不十分となるおそれがある。焙焼炉内への燃料の投入量が多いと、燃焼を制御して焙焼炉内の温度を安定させることが難しく、燃料のコストも増大する。したがって、廃砂の焼成時に外部から焙焼炉に投入する燃料、例えばＡ重油の量は、処理される廃砂の種類に応じて、焙焼炉の温度を監視しながら精密に制御する必要がある。 Organic additives, organic binders, and their carbides contained in the waste sand are burned as combustible substances to generate heat when the waste sand is fired. This generated heat affects the temperature inside the roasting furnace. When waste sand with a small amount of combustible matter attached is fired without adding fuel from the outside, the temperature inside the roasting furnace may drop, resulting in insufficient firing. When the amount of fuel input into the roasting furnace is large, it is difficult to control combustion and stabilize the temperature inside the roasting furnace, and the cost of fuel also increases. Therefore, the amount of fuel, such as heavy oil A, input from the outside into the torrefaction furnace when burning waste sand needs to be precisely controlled while monitoring the temperature of the torrefaction furnace, depending on the type of waste sand to be processed. be.
本発明は、廃砂の再生に際して、取扱いが容易であり、安定的かつ効率的に焼成可能な再生砂原料を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a recycled sand raw material that is easy to handle and can be stably and efficiently fired when recycling waste sand.
本発明は、以下の態様を包含する。
［態様１］
廃砂と平均粒径１０μｍ～２０ｍｍの可燃性物質とを含む再生砂原料組成物。
［態様２］
前記再生砂原料組成物の強熱減量が１．０％～６．０％である、態様１に記載の再生砂原料組成物。
［態様３］
前記可燃性物質が、ＲＰＦ、フラフ燃料、ＲＤＦ、木粉、石炭粉、油脂、及び食物残渣からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、態様１又は２に記載の再生砂原料組成物。
［態様４］
前記可燃性物質の比重と前記廃砂の比重との比（前記可燃性物質の比重／前記廃砂の比重）が０．１～１．０である、態様１～３のいずれかに記載の再生砂原料組成物。
［態様５］
前記廃砂が有機粘結剤を含む鋳物砂に由来する廃砂を含む、態様１～４のいずれかに記載の再生砂原料組成物。
［態様６］
廃砂と平均粒径１０μｍ～２０ｍｍの可燃性物質とを混合することを含む再生砂原料組成物の製造方法。
［態様７］
前記再生砂原料組成物の強熱減量が１．０％～６．０％となるように、前記可燃性物質の混合量を調整することを更に含む、態様６に記載の方法。
［態様８］
前記可燃性物質が、ＲＰＦ、フラフ燃料、ＲＤＦ、木粉、石炭粉、油脂、及び食物残渣からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種を含む、態様６又は７に記載の方法。
［態様９］
前記可燃性物質の比重と前記廃砂の比重との比（前記可燃性物質の比重／前記廃砂の比重）が０．１～１．０である、態様６～８のいずれかに記載の方法。
［態様１０］
前記廃砂が有機粘結剤を含む鋳物砂に由来する廃砂を含む、態様６～９のいずれかに記載の方法。
［態様１１］
前記廃砂の解砕を前記混合と同時に行うことを含む、態様６～１０のいずれかに記載の方法。
［態様１２］
可燃性物質前駆体の粉砕を前記混合と同時に行って、前記再生砂原料組成物中で前記可燃性物質を形成することを含む、態様６～１１のいずれかに記載の方法。
［態様１３］
態様１～５のいずれかに記載の再生砂原料組成物を焼成することを含む、再生砂の製造方法。
［態様１４］
前記焼成における焼成温度が４００℃～９００℃である、態様１３に記載の方法。
［態様１５］
態様１～５のいずれかに記載の再生砂原料組成物を焼成して再生砂を得ること、及び
前記再生砂に有機粘結剤をコーティングすること
を含むレジンコーテッドサンドの製造方法。
The present invention includes the following aspects.
[Aspect 1]
A recycled sand raw material composition containing waste sand and a combustible material with an average particle size of 10 μm to 20 mm.
[Aspect 2]
The recycled sand raw material composition according to aspect 1, wherein the recycled sand raw material composition has a loss on ignition of 1.0% to 6.0%.
[Aspect 3]
The recycled sand raw material composition according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the combustible substance contains at least one selected from the group consisting of RPF, fluff fuel, RDF, wood flour, coal powder, oil and fat, and food residue.
[Aspect 4]
According to any one of aspects 1 to 3, the ratio of the specific gravity of the combustible substance to the specific gravity of the waste sand (specific gravity of the combustible substance/specific gravity of the waste sand) is 0.1 to 1.0. Recycled sand raw material composition.
[Aspect 5]
The recycled sand raw material composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the waste sand contains waste sand derived from foundry sand containing an organic binder.
[Aspect 6]
A method for producing a recycled sand raw material composition comprising mixing waste sand and a combustible material having an average particle size of 10 μm to 20 mm.
[Aspect 7]
The method according to aspect 6, further comprising adjusting the amount of the combustible material mixed so that the recycled sand raw material composition has a loss on ignition of 1.0% to 6.0%.
[Aspect 8]
The method according to aspect 6 or 7, wherein the combustible substance includes at least one selected from the group consisting of RPF, fluff fuel, RDF, wood flour, coal powder, oil and fat, and food residue.
[Aspect 9]
According to any one of aspects 6 to 8, the ratio of the specific gravity of the combustible substance to the specific gravity of the waste sand (specific gravity of the combustible substance/specific gravity of the waste sand) is 0.1 to 1.0. Method.
[Aspect 10]
The method according to any one of aspects 6 to 9, wherein the waste sand includes waste sand derived from foundry sand containing an organic binder.
[Aspect 11]
The method according to any one of aspects 6 to 10, comprising crushing the waste sand simultaneously with the mixing.
[Aspect 12]
A method according to any of aspects 6 to 11, comprising grinding a combustible material precursor simultaneously with said mixing to form said combustible material in said recycled sand feed composition.
[Aspect 13]
A method for producing recycled sand, comprising firing the recycled sand raw material composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 5.
[Aspect 14]
The method according to aspect 13, wherein the firing temperature in the firing is 400°C to 900°C.
[Aspect 15]
A method for producing resin-coated sand, comprising: obtaining recycled sand by firing the recycled sand raw material composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, and coating the recycled sand with an organic binder.
本発明の一実施形態に係る再生砂原料組成物は、品質管理された一般製品として取り扱うことができ、外部から投入される燃料を低減し、焼成工程を安定化することができる。焼成工程の安定化は、製造される再生砂の品質の安定化にも寄与する。 The recycled sand raw material composition according to one embodiment of the present invention can be handled as a quality-controlled general product, can reduce the amount of fuel input from the outside, and can stabilize the firing process. Stabilization of the firing process also contributes to stabilization of the quality of the recycled sand produced.
上述の記載は、本発明の全ての実施形態及び本発明に関する全ての利点を開示したものとみなしてはならない。 The above description is not to be considered as disclosing all embodiments of the invention or all advantages associated with the invention.
以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明の代表的な実施形態を例示する目的でより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施形態に限定されない。 Hereinafter, typical embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail for the purpose of illustrating them with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
［再生砂原料組成物］
一実施形態の再生砂原料組成物は、廃砂と平均粒径１０μｍ～２０ｍｍの可燃性物質とを含む。
[Recycled sand raw material composition]
The recycled sand raw material composition of one embodiment includes waste sand and a combustible material having an average particle size of 10 μm to 20 mm.
廃砂としては、鋳造工程で使用された後の鋳物砂、すなわち使用済みの生型砂、中子砂、又はこれらの混合物を使用することができる。 As the waste sand, foundry sand that has been used in the casting process, ie, used green mold sand, core sand, or a mixture thereof can be used.
鋳物砂を構成する耐火性骨材は、鋳型に利用可能な粒状材料であれば特に限定されない。耐火性骨材としては、例えば、ケイ砂、再生ケイ砂等の一般砂；アルミナサンド、オリビンサンド、ジルコンサンド、クロマイトサンド等の特殊砂；フェロクロム系スラグ、フェロニッケル系スラグ、転炉スラグ等のスラグ系粒子；アルミナ系粒子、ムライト系粒子等の人工粒子及びこれらの再生粒子；アルミナボール；並びにマグネシアクリンカーが挙げられる。耐火性骨材は単独で又は二種以上組みわせて使用することができる。耐火性骨材は、新品であってもよく、鋳物砂として鋳型の造形に一回又は複数回使用された再生品又は回収品であってもよく、新品と再生品又は回収品との混合物であってもよい。 The refractory aggregate constituting the foundry sand is not particularly limited as long as it is a granular material that can be used for molds. Examples of fire-resistant aggregates include general sand such as silica sand and recycled silica sand; special sand such as alumina sand, olivine sand, zircon sand, and chromite sand; ferrochrome slag, ferronickel slag, converter slag, etc. Examples include slag particles; artificial particles such as alumina particles and mullite particles, and recycled particles thereof; alumina balls; and magnesia clinker. Refractory aggregates can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The refractory aggregate may be new, recycled or recovered material that has been used once or multiple times to form molds as foundry sand, or a mixture of new and recycled or recovered materials. There may be.
鋳物砂を構成する耐火性骨材は、一般に３０～１３０の粒度を有し、好ましくは４０～８０の粒度を有する。鋳物砂の粒度は、ＪＡＣＴ試験法Ｓ－１（鋳物砂の粒度試験法）に定められたＡＦＳ係数基準に従って決定される。 The refractory aggregate constituting the foundry sand generally has a grain size of 30-130, preferably 40-80. The grain size of foundry sand is determined according to the AFS coefficient standard defined in JACT Test Method S-1 (Particle Size Test Method for Foundry Sand).
鋳物砂を構成する耐火性骨材は球状であることが好ましい。具体的には、耐火性骨材の粒形係数は好ましくは１．２以下、より好ましくは１．０～１．１である。粒形係数（粒径指数とも呼ばれる。）は、粒子の外形形状を示す一つの尺度であり、その値が１に近い程、粒子が球形（真球）に近い形状を有することを意味する。粒形係数は、砂表面積測定器（ジョージフィッシャー社製）を用いて１ｇあたりの骨材粒子の実表面積を測定し、骨材の理論表面積で割ることにより算出される。骨材の理論表面積は、骨材粒子が全て球形であると仮定した場合の表面積である。 The refractory aggregate constituting the foundry sand is preferably spherical. Specifically, the particle size coefficient of the refractory aggregate is preferably 1.2 or less, more preferably 1.0 to 1.1. Particle shape coefficient (also referred to as particle size index) is a measure indicating the external shape of particles, and the closer the value is to 1, the closer the particle is to a spherical shape (true sphere). The particle shape coefficient is calculated by measuring the actual surface area of aggregate particles per 1 g using a sand surface area measuring device (manufactured by George Fisher) and dividing it by the theoretical surface area of the aggregate. The theoretical surface area of aggregate is the surface area assuming that all aggregate particles are spherical.
鋳物砂を構成する耐火性骨材の表面には一般に粘結剤が付着している。粘結剤としては、例えば、熱可塑性樹脂、架橋硬化性樹脂等の有機粘結剤；水ガラス、ベントナイト等の無機粘結剤；及び粘土等の一般的な粘結剤が挙げられる。有機粘結剤に含まれる熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、及びポリスチレンが挙げられる。有機粘結剤に含まれる架橋硬化性樹脂としては、例えば、フェノール系樹脂、フェノールウレタン系樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、及び不飽和ポリエステル樹脂が挙げられる。一般に、生型砂は無機粘結剤を含み、中子砂は有機粘結剤を含む。 Generally, a binder is attached to the surface of the refractory aggregate that constitutes foundry sand. Examples of the binder include organic binders such as thermoplastic resins and crosslinked curable resins; inorganic binders such as water glass and bentonite; and general binders such as clay. Examples of the thermoplastic resin contained in the organic binder include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and polystyrene. Examples of the crosslinked curable resin contained in the organic binder include phenolic resins, phenol urethane resins, epoxy resins, melamine resins, and unsaturated polyester resins. Generally, green mold sand contains an inorganic binder and core sand contains an organic binder.
一実施形態では、廃砂は有機粘結剤を含む鋳物砂に由来する廃砂を含む。有機粘結剤を含む鋳物砂に由来する廃砂は、焼成工程においてより効率的に焼成することができる。鋳物砂に含まれる有機粘結剤の少なくとも一部は、一般に鋳造工程で炭化物に変換される。したがって、廃砂は有機粘結剤及び／又はその炭化物を含んでもよい。 In one embodiment, the waste sand comprises waste sand derived from foundry sand that includes an organic binder. Waste sand derived from foundry sand containing organic binders can be fired more efficiently in the firing process. At least a portion of the organic binder contained in foundry sand is generally converted to carbide during the casting process. Therefore, the waste sand may contain an organic binder and/or its char.
一実施形態では、廃砂は、０．１～１０質量％の可燃性成分を含む。本開示において可燃性成分の質量とは有機系添加物、有機粘結剤及び炭化物の合計質量を意味する。 In one embodiment, the waste sand contains 0.1-10% by weight of combustible components. In the present disclosure, the mass of combustible components means the total mass of organic additives, organic binders, and carbides.
可燃性物質の平均粒径は１０μｍ～２０ｍｍであり、好ましくは５０μｍ～１０ｍｍ、より好ましくは１００μｍ～１ｍｍである。平均粒径が１０μｍ～２０ｍｍの可燃性物質は、廃砂の耐火性骨材に付着した可燃性成分とは異なり耐火性骨材と密に接触していないため、質量あたりの表面積が比較的大きく、耐火性骨材からの燃焼抑制の影響も受けにくい。そのため、廃砂に平均粒径が１０μｍ～２０ｍｍの可燃性物質を加えることにより、高い燃焼効率を達成することができる。また、可燃性物質の平均粒径が１０μｍ以上であることにより、焙焼炉から集塵ダクトに飛散する可燃性物質の量を低減して、燃焼効率を高めることができる。可燃性物質の平均粒径が２０ｍｍ以下であることにより、焼成工程で可燃性物質を安定的に燃焼させることができる。可燃性物質が安定的に燃焼すると、可燃性物質由来の不純物の再生砂への混入が抑制されるため、再生砂の品質を高めることもできる。可燃性物質の平均粒径は、レーザ回折散乱法により測定される体積累積粒径Ｄ５０（平均粒径が１０μｍ～５３μｍの場合）又はふるい分析により決定される質量累積粒径Ｄ５０（平均粒径が５３μｍ超、２０ｍｍ以下の場合）である。 The average particle size of the combustible material is 10 μm to 20 mm, preferably 50 μm to 10 mm, more preferably 100 μm to 1 mm. Combustible substances with an average particle size of 10 μm to 20 mm are not in close contact with the refractory aggregate, unlike the combustible components attached to the refractory aggregate of waste sand, and therefore have a relatively large surface area per mass. , it is also less susceptible to combustion suppression from refractory aggregates. Therefore, high combustion efficiency can be achieved by adding a combustible substance with an average particle size of 10 μm to 20 mm to waste sand. Further, by setting the average particle size of the combustible substance to 10 μm or more, the amount of combustible substance scattered from the roasting furnace to the dust collection duct can be reduced, and combustion efficiency can be increased. When the average particle size of the combustible material is 20 mm or less, the combustible material can be stably burned in the firing process. When the combustible substance is stably burned, the quality of the recycled sand can be improved because impurities derived from the combustible substance are suppressed from being mixed into the recycled sand. The average particle size of the combustible substance is the volume cumulative particle size D 50 (when the average particle size is 10 μm to 53 μm) measured by laser diffraction scattering method or the mass cumulative particle size D 50 (average particle size) determined by sieve analysis. (when the diameter is more than 53 μm and less than 20 mm).
可燃性物質としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、ＲＰＦ、フラフ燃料、ＲＤＦ、木粉、石炭粉、油脂、及び食物残渣が挙げられる。ＲＰＦ（Ｒｅｆｕｓｅ ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ Ｐａｐｅｒ ａｎｄ ｐｌａｓｔｉｃｓ ｄｅｎｓｉｆｉｅｄ Ｆｕｅｌ）とは、産業廃棄物のうち、マテリアルリサイクルが困難な古紙及び廃プラスチック類を主原料とした固形燃料である。フラフ燃料（ＣＰＦ、Ｃｕｂｅ Ｐｌａｓｔｉｃ Ｆｕｅｌ）とは、軟質の廃プラスチック類、木くず等を破砕し、圧縮及び梱包してキューブ状にしたものである。ＲＤＦ（Ｒｅｆｕｓｅ Ｄｅｒｉｖｅｄ Ｆｕｅｌ）とは、一般家庭から捨てられた生ゴミ、プラスチックゴミ等の廃棄物を原料とした固形燃料であり、廃棄物固形燃料又はごみ固形燃料とも呼ばれる。平均粒径が上記範囲外の、具体的には大きな塊のＲＰＦ、フラフ燃料、ＲＤＦ等は、必要に応じて、平均粒径が１０μｍ～２０ｍｍとなるように、粉砕、切断等により細粒化される。ＲＰＦ、フラフ燃料、ＲＤＦ、食物残渣などの廃棄物又は廃棄物由来燃料を可燃性物質として使用することにより、これらの廃棄物の処理及び再生砂の製造に係る排出ＣＯ２量を全体として削減することができる。可燃性物質は単独で又は二種以上組みわせて使用することができる。 Examples of combustible substances include, but are not limited to, RPF, fluff fuel, RDF, wood flour, coal powder, oil and fat, and food residue. RPF (Refuse derived paper and plastics densified fuel) is a solid fuel whose main raw materials are waste paper and waste plastics, which are difficult to recycle from industrial waste. Fluff fuel (CPF, Cube Plastic Fuel) is made by crushing soft waste plastics, wood chips, etc., compressing and packing it into a cube shape. RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) is a solid fuel made from waste materials such as kitchen garbage and plastic garbage discarded from general households, and is also called waste solid fuel or garbage solid fuel. For RPF, fluff fuel, RDF, etc. in large chunks with an average particle size outside the above range, if necessary, reduce them to fine particles by crushing, cutting, etc. so that the average particle size is 10 μm to 20 mm. be done. By using waste or waste-derived fuels such as RPF, fluff fuel, RDF, and food residues as combustible materials, the overall amount of CO2 emissions associated with the treatment of these wastes and the production of recycled sand will be reduced. be able to. The combustible substances can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
可燃性物質の単位質量あたりの発熱量は、好ましくは５，０００ｋＪ／ｋｇ～５０，０００ｋＪ／ｋｇ、より好ましくは１０，０００ｋＪ／ｋｇ～５０，０００ｋＪ／ｋｇ、更に好ましくは２０，０００ｋＪ／ｋｇ～５０，０００ｋＪ／ｋｇである。可燃性物質の単位質量あたりの発熱量を５，０００ｋＪ／ｋｇ以上とすることにより、耐火性骨材による熱抑制の影響を打ち消すような強い燃焼を生じさせることができる。可燃性物質の単位質量あたりの発熱量を５０，０００ｋＪ／ｋｇ以下とすることにより、部分的又は局所的な強い発熱を抑制し、燃焼中の可燃性物質に接している廃砂の耐火性骨材の破損を防ぐことができる。可燃性物質の単位質量あたりの発熱量は、ＪＩＳ Ｍ ８８１４：２００３によって決定される。 The calorific value per unit mass of the flammable substance is preferably 5,000 kJ/kg to 50,000 kJ/kg, more preferably 10,000 kJ/kg to 50,000 kJ/kg, even more preferably 20,000 kJ/kg to It is 50,000kJ/kg. By setting the calorific value per unit mass of the combustible substance to 5,000 kJ/kg or more, it is possible to generate strong combustion that cancels out the effect of heat suppression by the refractory aggregate. By controlling the calorific value per unit mass of the combustible material to 50,000 kJ/kg or less, partial or localized strong heat generation can be suppressed, and the refractory bones of waste sand that are in contact with the combustible material during combustion can be improved. This can prevent damage to the material. The calorific value per unit mass of a combustible substance is determined according to JIS M 8814:2003.
可燃性物質の配合量は、廃砂に含まれる可燃性成分、及び可燃性物質の単位質量あたりの発熱量に応じて適宜調整することができる。可燃性物質の配合量は、例えば、廃砂１００質量部を基準として、０．１質量部～１０質量部とすることができ、好ましくは０．５質量部～５．０質量部、より好ましくは１．０質量部～３．０質量部である。可燃性物質の配合量を上記範囲とすることにより、再生砂原料組成物の焼成温度を適切な範囲に容易に維持することができる。 The blending amount of the combustible substance can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the combustible components contained in the waste sand and the calorific value per unit mass of the combustible substance. The blending amount of the combustible substance can be, for example, 0.1 parts by mass to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 parts by mass to 5.0 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 parts by mass to 5.0 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of waste sand. is 1.0 parts by mass to 3.0 parts by mass. By setting the blending amount of the combustible substance within the above range, the firing temperature of the recycled sand raw material composition can be easily maintained within an appropriate range.
一実施形態では、再生砂原料組成物の強熱減量（ＬＯＩ、Ｌｏｓｓ ｏｆ Ｉｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ）は１．０％～６．０％であり、好ましくは１．５％～５．０％、より好ましくは２．０％～４．０％である。強熱減量は、熱分解及び燃焼したときに生じる再生砂原料組成物の質量変化の程度を示す指標であり、焼成時に再生砂原料組成物が焙焼炉内の環境に放出することのできる熱エネルギー量に対応する。再生砂原料組成物の強熱減量を１．０％～６．０％とすることにより、再生砂原料組成物の焙焼炉への投入速度の変動を小さくすることができ、これにより製造される再生砂の品質を安定化することができる。特に、再生砂原料組成物の強熱減量を１．０％以上とすることにより、再生砂原料組成物の焼成温度の低下を抑制し、焙焼炉内の温度を維持するために外部から任意で焙焼炉内に投入される燃料の使用量を削減することができる。再生砂原料組成物の強熱減量を６．０％以下とすることにより、焼成時の燃焼を制御して、焙焼炉の損傷を抑制することができ、製造される再生砂の品質も安定化することができる。強熱減量は、ＪＡＣＴ試験法Ｓ－２（鋳物砂の強熱減量試験法）に準拠して決定される。具体的には、再生砂原料組成物の遊離水分をＪＩＳ Ｚ ２６０１：１９９３に準拠して除去する。正確に秤量した再生砂原料組成物１０ｇ（Ｗ１）をるつぼに入れる。このるつぼを予め１０００℃に加熱した電気炉内に１５分間放置する。引き続き、るつぼを１０００℃の電気炉内で４５分間強熱する。電気炉から取り出したるつぼをデシケータ内で室温まで放冷する。その後、再生砂原料組成物の質量（Ｗ２）を測定する。下式に従って強熱減量を算出する。
強熱減量（％）＝（Ｗ１－Ｗ２）／Ｗ１×１００
In one embodiment, the recycled sand raw material composition has a Loss of Ignition (LOI) of 1.0% to 6.0%, preferably 1.5% to 5.0%, more preferably 2 .0% to 4.0%. Ignition loss is an index indicating the degree of mass change of the recycled sand raw material composition that occurs when it is pyrolyzed and burned, and is the amount of heat that the recycled sand raw material composition can release into the environment in the roasting furnace during firing. Corresponds to the amount of energy. By setting the ignition loss of the recycled sand raw material composition to 1.0% to 6.0%, it is possible to reduce fluctuations in the charging speed of the recycled sand raw material composition to the roasting furnace, and as a result, the production The quality of reclaimed sand can be stabilized. In particular, by setting the ignition loss of the recycled sand raw material composition to 1.0% or more, the reduction in the firing temperature of the recycled sand raw material composition is suppressed, and in order to maintain the temperature inside the roasting furnace, an external It is possible to reduce the amount of fuel used in the roasting furnace. By controlling the ignition loss of the recycled sand raw material composition to 6.0% or less, combustion during firing can be controlled and damage to the roasting furnace can be suppressed, and the quality of the recycled sand produced is also stable. can be converted into Ignition loss is determined in accordance with JACT test method S-2 (Ignition loss test method for foundry sand). Specifically, free water in the recycled sand raw material composition is removed in accordance with JIS Z 2601:1993. 10 g (W 1 ) of an accurately weighed recycled sand raw material composition is placed in a crucible. This crucible is left in an electric furnace preheated to 1000° C. for 15 minutes. Subsequently, the crucible is ignited for 45 minutes in an electric furnace at 1000°C. The crucible taken out of the electric furnace is left to cool to room temperature in a desiccator. Thereafter, the mass (W 2 ) of the recycled sand raw material composition is measured. Calculate the loss on ignition according to the formula below.
Ignition loss (%) = (W 1 - W 2 )/W 1 ×100
一実施形態では、可燃性物質の比重と廃砂の比重との比（可燃性物質の比重／廃砂の比重）は０．１～１．０であり、好ましくは０．１５～０．８、より好ましくは０．２～０．７である。可燃性物質の比重と廃砂の比重との比を上記範囲とすることにより、再生砂原料組成物の製造時の可燃性物質と廃砂の均一な混合を容易にし、再生砂原料組成物の保管中及び運搬時の可燃性物質と廃砂の分離を抑制し、再生砂原料組成物の焼成安定性を長期間にわたって維持することができる。本開示において可燃性物質及び廃砂の比重とは嵩比重を意味する。以下の手順で嵩比重が決定される。再生砂原料組成物の廃砂と可燃性物質とを、風力選別、水中選別、目視又は顕微鏡による手動選別などにより分離する。廃砂には大きな塊状のものが含まれている場合があるため、ふるいによって２０ｍｍ以下のサイズにしたものを嵩比重の決定に使用する。廃砂１０００ｇを３Ｌメジャーカップに量り取り、その容量から廃砂の嵩比重を算出する。同じ廃砂１０００ｇと、所定量例えば１００ｇの可燃性物質を均一になるまで混合し、混合物を３Ｌメジャーカップに入れ、廃砂の容量と比較して増加した容量から、可燃性物質のみの嵩比重を算出する。再生砂原料組成物の調製に使用した廃砂及び可燃性物質の各比重から上記比を算出することもできる。 In one embodiment, the ratio between the specific gravity of the combustible material and the specific gravity of the waste sand (specific gravity of the combustible material/specific gravity of the waste sand) is between 0.1 and 1.0, preferably between 0.15 and 0.8. , more preferably 0.2 to 0.7. By setting the ratio of the specific gravity of the combustible material to the specific gravity of the waste sand within the above range, uniform mixing of the combustible material and waste sand during production of the recycled sand raw material composition is facilitated, and the ratio of the specific gravity of the recycled sand raw material composition is Separation of flammable substances and waste sand during storage and transportation can be suppressed, and the firing stability of the recycled sand raw material composition can be maintained for a long period of time. In the present disclosure, the specific gravity of combustible substances and waste sand means bulk specific gravity. Bulk specific gravity is determined by the following procedure. The waste sand of the recycled sand raw material composition and combustible substances are separated by wind sorting, underwater sorting, manual sorting visually or under a microscope, or the like. Since waste sand may contain large lumps, it is sieved to a size of 20 mm or less and used to determine the bulk specific gravity. Weigh 1000 g of waste sand into a 3L measuring cup, and calculate the bulk specific gravity of the waste sand from the volume. Mix 1000 g of the same waste sand with a predetermined amount, for example, 100 g of combustible material, until it becomes homogeneous, put the mixture into a 3L measuring cup, and calculate the bulk specific gravity of the combustible material only from the increased volume compared to the volume of waste sand. Calculate. The above ratio can also be calculated from the specific gravity of the waste sand and combustible material used to prepare the recycled sand raw material composition.
［再生砂原料組成物の製造方法］
再生砂原料組成物は、廃砂と平均粒径１０μｍ～２０ｍｍの可燃性物質とを混合することにより製造することができる。混合装置としては、例えば、鉱物又は粉粒体用の混合ミキサー、及びセメント又はモルタル用のミキサーが挙げられる。
[Method for producing recycled sand raw material composition]
The recycled sand raw material composition can be produced by mixing waste sand and a combustible material having an average particle size of 10 μm to 20 mm. Examples of the mixing device include mixers for minerals or granules, and mixers for cement or mortar.
一実施形態では、再生砂原料組成物の強熱減量が１．０％～６．０％となるように、可燃性物質の混合量を調整する。廃砂に含まれる可燃性成分は、鋳造工程、鋳造品の種類などによって様々であるため、廃砂の強熱減量を測定した後、可燃性物質の単位質量あたりの発熱量に基づき、可燃性物質の混合量を強熱減量が上記範囲内となるように調整することが好ましい。 In one embodiment, the amount of combustible material mixed is adjusted so that the ignition loss of the recycled sand raw material composition is 1.0% to 6.0%. The flammable components contained in waste sand vary depending on the casting process, type of cast product, etc., so after measuring the loss on ignition of waste sand, the flammability is determined based on the calorific value per unit mass of the combustible material. It is preferable to adjust the amount of the substances mixed so that the loss on ignition falls within the above range.
一実施形態では、廃砂の解砕が、廃砂と可燃性物質との混合と同時に行われる。鋳造工程で使用された鋳型は、回収時にその形状の一部乃至全部を保持している場合があり、そのような鋳型に含まれる廃砂は再生時に解砕される必要がある。この実施形態によれば、廃砂の解砕と、廃砂と可燃性物質との混合を同時に行うことにより、別個の解砕工程をなくすことができ、再生砂原料組成物の全体の製造効率を高めることができる。この実施形態において使用できる混合装置としては、例えば、鉱物又は粉粒体用の混合ミキサー、及びセメント又はモルタル用のミキサーが挙げられる。 In one embodiment, the crushing of the waste sand is performed simultaneously with the mixing of the waste sand and the combustible material. Molds used in the casting process may retain some or all of their shape when recovered, and the waste sand contained in such molds needs to be crushed during regeneration. According to this embodiment, by simultaneously crushing the waste sand and mixing the waste sand and the combustible material, a separate crushing process can be eliminated, thereby increasing the overall manufacturing efficiency of the recycled sand raw material composition. can be increased. Mixing devices that can be used in this embodiment include, for example, mixers for minerals or granules, and mixers for cement or mortar.
一実施形態では、可燃性物質前駆体の粉砕が、廃砂と可燃性物質との混合と同時に行なわれて、再生砂原料組成物中で可燃性物質が形成される。可燃性物質前駆体とは、可燃性物質について説明した材料、例えば、ＲＰＦ、フラフ燃料、ＲＤＦ、木粉、石炭粉、油脂、食物残渣などのうち、平均粒径が２０ｍｍ超のものを指す。この実施形態によれば、可燃性物質前駆体の粉砕と、廃砂と可燃性物質との混合を同時に行うことにより、別個の粉砕工程をなくすことができ、再生砂原料組成物の全体の製造効率を高めることができる。この実施形態において、廃砂は可燃性物質の粉砕媒体として作用することもできる。この実施形態において使用できる混合装置としては、例えば、鉱物又は粉粒体用の混合ミキサー、及びセメント又はモルタル用のミキサーが挙げられる。 In one embodiment, the comminution of the combustible material precursor is performed simultaneously with the mixing of the waste sand and the combustible material to form the combustible material in the recycled sand feed composition. The combustible substance precursor refers to materials described as combustible substances, such as RPF, fluff fuel, RDF, wood flour, coal powder, oil and fat, food residue, etc., with an average particle size of more than 20 mm. According to this embodiment, by simultaneously pulverizing the combustible material precursor and mixing the waste sand and combustible material, a separate pulverizing step can be eliminated, and the overall production of the recycled sand raw material composition is Efficiency can be increased. In this embodiment, the waste sand can also act as a grinding medium for combustible materials. Mixing devices that can be used in this embodiment include, for example, mixers for minerals or granules, and mixers for cement or mortar.
製造された再生砂原料組成物は、フレキシブルコンテナバッグ等の包装容器に収容してもよく、粉粒体運搬車のタンクに収容してもよい。再生砂原料組成物は、廃棄物処理法上の産業廃棄物としてではなく、品質管理された一般製品として運搬、保管、及び取引することができる。そのため、再生砂原料組成物を用いて、焼成工程を含む再生処理を鋳造工場とは別の場所で容易に行うことができる。 The manufactured recycled sand raw material composition may be stored in a packaging container such as a flexible container bag, or may be stored in a tank of a powder transport vehicle. The recycled sand raw material composition can be transported, stored, and traded as a quality-controlled general product rather than as industrial waste under the Waste Management Law. Therefore, using the recycled sand raw material composition, the recycling process including the firing process can be easily performed at a location other than the foundry.
［再生砂の製造方法］
一実施形態の再生砂の製造方法は、再生砂原料組成物を焼成することを含む。この焼成により再生砂を製造することができる。再生砂原料組成物に含まれる可燃性物質は燃料として作用するため、焙焼炉内の温度を適切な範囲に維持して、焼成を効率よく進行させることができる。任意で廃砂に含まれる可燃性成分も燃料として作用する。
[Method for manufacturing recycled sand]
A method for producing recycled sand in one embodiment includes firing a recycled sand raw material composition. By this firing, recycled sand can be manufactured. Since the combustible substance contained in the recycled sand raw material composition acts as a fuel, the temperature in the roasting furnace can be maintained within an appropriate range and firing can proceed efficiently. Combustible components optionally included in the waste sand also act as fuel.
焼成工程では、再生砂原料組成物を焙焼炉内に投入することにより焼成が行われる。焙焼炉としては、例えば、流動床式焙焼炉、ロータリーキルン、及びトンネルキルンが挙げられる。 In the firing step, firing is performed by charging the recycled sand raw material composition into a roasting furnace. Examples of the roasting furnace include a fluidized bed roasting furnace, a rotary kiln, and a tunnel kiln.
焼成温度は、好ましくは４００℃～９００℃、より好ましくは５００℃～８５０℃、更に好ましくは６００℃～８００℃である。焼成温度を４００℃以上とすることにより、可燃性物質、及び任意に廃砂に含まれる可燃性成分を十分に燃焼させることができる。焼成温度を９００℃以下とすることにより、焙焼炉への熱負荷を抑制し、焙焼炉内の温度維持に係るコスト、例えば燃料コストを低減することができる。 The firing temperature is preferably 400°C to 900°C, more preferably 500°C to 850°C, even more preferably 600°C to 800°C. By setting the firing temperature to 400° C. or higher, flammable substances and optionally combustible components contained in waste sand can be sufficiently burned. By setting the firing temperature to 900° C. or less, it is possible to suppress the heat load on the roasting furnace and reduce the cost related to maintaining the temperature in the roasting furnace, such as fuel cost.
焼成工程において、焙焼炉内の温度を維持するために、必要に応じて燃料を投入してもよい。燃料としては、例えばＡ重油、灯油、都市ガス、プロパンガス、ＬＰＧ、ＬＮＧ等が挙げられる。 In the firing process, fuel may be added as necessary to maintain the temperature inside the roasting furnace. Examples of the fuel include heavy oil A, kerosene, city gas, propane gas, LPG, and LNG.
再生砂の製造方法は、焼成工程の後に、焼成工程で得られた砂を研磨する工程、研磨工程後の砂を分級する工程、又はこれらの両方を含んでもよい。研磨工程により焼成工程後の砂表面の付着物を除去して高純度の再生砂を製造することができる。分級工程により粒径の揃った高品質の再生砂を製造することができる。 The method for producing recycled sand may include, after the firing step, a step of polishing the sand obtained in the firing step, a step of classifying the sand after the polishing step, or both of these steps. The polishing process removes deposits on the surface of the sand after the firing process, making it possible to produce high-purity recycled sand. The classification process makes it possible to produce high-quality recycled sand with uniform particle sizes.
研磨工程で使用可能な装置としては、例えば、ロータリーリクレーマー、ハイブリッドサンドマスター、サンドフレッシャー、及びサンドシャイナーが挙げられる。 Equipment that can be used in the polishing process includes, for example, rotary reclaimers, hybrid sandmasters, sand freshers, and sand shiners.
分級工程は、空気流により研磨工程後の砂を流動させ、集塵装置によりこの砂に含まれる微粉体を取り除く工程と、ふるいにより研磨工程後の砂に含まれる異物を取り除く工程とを含むことが好ましい。これにより、研磨工程後の砂に混入した微粉及び異物を適切に取り除くことができる。分級工程は、上記２つの工程のいずれかのみを含むものであってもよい。 The classification process includes the steps of fluidizing the sand after the polishing process using an air flow, removing fine powder contained in the sand using a dust collector, and removing foreign substances contained in the sand after the polishing process using a sieve. is preferred. Thereby, fine powder and foreign matter mixed into the sand after the polishing process can be appropriately removed. The classification step may include only either of the above two steps.
［レジンコーテッドサンドの製造方法］
一実施形態のレジンコーテッドサンドの製造方法は、再生砂原料組成物を焼成して再生砂を得ること、及び再生砂に有機粘結剤をコーティングすることを含む。
[Method for manufacturing resin coated sand]
A method for producing resin-coated sand in one embodiment includes firing a recycled sand raw material composition to obtain recycled sand, and coating the recycled sand with an organic binder.
再生砂の製造については、再生砂の製造方法について上述したとおりである。 Regarding the production of recycled sand, the method for producing recycled sand is as described above.
再生砂にコーティングされる有機粘結剤は、レジンコーテッドサンドに使用されているものであれば特に限定されない。一例として、有機粘結剤は、ノボラック型フェノール樹脂等の樹脂成分と、ヘキサメチレンテトラミン等の硬化促進剤と、ステアリン酸カルシウム等の滑剤を含む。 The organic binder coated on the recycled sand is not particularly limited as long as it is used in resin coated sand. As an example, the organic binder includes a resin component such as a novolac type phenolic resin, a curing accelerator such as hexamethylenetetramine, and a lubricant such as calcium stearate.
有機粘結剤のコーティング方法は特に限定されない。例えば、コーティングは、１３０～１８０℃に加熱された再生砂に硬化性樹脂成分を添加して混合した後、硬化促進剤及び滑剤を添加して更に混合することによって行うことができる。これにより、再生砂を利用したレジンコーテッドサンドを得ることができる。 The method of coating the organic binder is not particularly limited. For example, coating can be performed by adding a curable resin component to recycled sand heated to 130 to 180° C. and mixing the mixture, and then adding a curing accelerator and a lubricant and further mixing. Thereby, resin-coated sand using recycled sand can be obtained.
図１に、一実施形態の再生砂原料組成物、再生砂及びレジンコーテッドサンドの製造に係る全体のフローチャートを示す。左側の点線の四角形は鋳物工場で行われる工程を示しており、右側の点線の四角形は再生工場で行われる工程を示す。鋳物工場及び再生工場は同一事業者によって運営されてもよく、別の事業者によって独立に運営されてもよい。 FIG. 1 shows an overall flowchart for manufacturing a recycled sand raw material composition, recycled sand, and resin-coated sand according to one embodiment. The dotted rectangle on the left shows the process performed in the foundry, and the dotted rectangle on the right shows the process performed in the recycling factory. The foundry and the remanufacturing plant may be operated by the same business or independently by different businesses.
鋳物工場では、鋳物砂を造型することにより生型及び必要に応じて中子が作られ、これらの型を型合わせすることにより鋳型が作られる。鋳型を用いた鋳造工程の後、鋳造品から使用済みの鋳型が外されて廃砂として回収される。廃砂と可燃性物質とを混合することにより再生砂原料組成物が得られる。再生砂原料組成物は品質管理された一般製品として運搬、保管及び取引することができる。図１では、鋳物工場から再生工場に再生砂原料組成物が運搬され、必要に応じて外部倉庫に一旦保管される。 In a foundry, a green mold and, if necessary, a core are made by molding foundry sand, and a mold is made by matching these molds. After the casting process using a mold, the used mold is removed from the cast product and collected as waste sand. A recycled sand raw material composition is obtained by mixing waste sand and combustible material. The recycled sand raw material composition can be transported, stored, and traded as a quality-controlled general product. In FIG. 1, a recycled sand raw material composition is transported from a foundry to a recycling factory, and is temporarily stored in an external warehouse as required.
鋳物工場から再生砂原料組成物を受け入れた再生工場では、必要に応じて前処理を行った後、再生砂原料組成物を焼成する。焼成により再生砂が得られる。焼成工程の後に必要に応じて研磨、分級等の後処理を行ってもよい。再生砂は製品として販売してもよく、次工程の中間体として使用してもよい。図１では、同じ再生工場において再生砂に有機粘結剤をコーティングすることによりレジンコーテッドサンドが製造される。得られたレジンコーテッドサンドは再び鋳物工場において鋳物砂として使用することができる。 At the recycling factory that receives the recycled sand raw material composition from the foundry, the recycled sand raw material composition is fired after performing pretreatment as necessary. Recycled sand is obtained by firing. After the firing step, post-treatments such as polishing and classification may be performed as necessary. The recycled sand may be sold as a product or used as an intermediate for the next process. In FIG. 1, resin-coated sand is manufactured by coating recycled sand with an organic binder in the same recycling plant. The resulting resin-coated sand can be used again as foundry sand in a foundry.
以下、実施例を参照して本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
可燃性物質として以下のものを使用した。
ＲＰＦ（大和エネルフ株式会社製、平均粒径１０ｍｍ、嵩比重０．４ｇ／ｃｍ３、発熱量３２，０００ｋＪ／ｋｇ）
フラフ燃料（株式会社紙資源名古屋製、平均粒径１５ｍｍ、嵩比重０．３５ｇ／ｃｍ３、発熱量３０，０９６ｋＪ／ｋｇ）
木粉（株式会社紙資源名古屋製、平均粒径１ｍｍ、嵩比重０．５ｇ／ｃｍ３、発熱量１４，４００ｋＪ／ｋｇ）
石炭粉（旭通商株式会社、平均粒径１５０μｍ、嵩比重０．６ｇ／ｃｍ３、発熱量３０，１００ｋＪ／ｋｇ）
The following combustible materials were used.
RPF (manufactured by Daiwa Enerf Co., Ltd., average particle size 10 mm, bulk specific gravity 0.4 g/cm 3 , calorific value 32,000 kJ/kg)
Fluff fuel (manufactured by Paper Resources Nagoya Co., Ltd., average particle size 15 mm, bulk specific gravity 0.35 g/cm 3 , calorific value 30,096 kJ/kg)
Wood flour (manufactured by Paper Resources Nagoya Co., Ltd., average particle size 1 mm, bulk specific gravity 0.5 g/cm 3 , calorific value 14,400 kJ/kg)
Coal powder (Asahi Tsusho Co., Ltd., average particle size 150 μm, bulk specific gravity 0.6 g/cm 3 , calorific value 30,100 kJ/kg)
表１に様々な鋳造工場から排出された廃砂の性状、並びに下記の条件で焼成したときの燃料（Ａ重油）使用量及び総発熱量を示す。
焙焼炉処理能力：２４ｔ／日
廃砂の投入速度：１ｔ／時間
温度：７００℃
空気流量：１０ｍ３／分
Table 1 shows the properties of waste sand discharged from various foundries, as well as the amount of fuel (heavy oil A) used and the total calorific value when fired under the following conditions.
Roasting furnace processing capacity: 24t/day Waste sand input rate: 1t/hour Temperature: 700℃
Air flow rate: 10m3 /min
表１に示されるように、廃砂の種類によって強熱減量及び発熱量が異なることから、総発熱量を同程度とするために、燃料の使用量を大きく変化させる必要がある。 As shown in Table 1, since the ignition loss and calorific value differ depending on the type of waste sand, it is necessary to greatly change the amount of fuel used in order to keep the total calorific value at the same level.
強熱減量はＪＡＣＴ試験法 Ｓ－２（鋳物砂の強熱減量試験法）に準じて測定した。 Ignition loss was measured according to JACT test method S-2 (Ignition loss test method for foundry sand).
発熱量はＪＩＳ Ｍ ８８１４：２００３に準じて測定した。 The calorific value was measured according to JIS M 8814:2003.
総発熱量はＪＩＳ Ｍ ８８１４：２００３に準じて測定した。 The total calorific value was measured according to JIS M 8814:2003.
［例１～例３及び比較例１］
表２に記載の組成で廃砂と可燃性物質とをサンドミキサーを用いて２５℃で１０分間混合して、例１～例３の再生砂原料組成物を調製した。比較例１は廃砂Ａである。表２にこれらの性状及び焼成したときの燃料（Ａ重油）使用量及び総発熱量を示す。焼成は廃砂の焼成と同じ条件で行った。
[Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1]
The recycled sand raw material compositions of Examples 1 to 3 were prepared by mixing waste sand and combustible materials with the compositions shown in Table 2 at 25° C. for 10 minutes using a sand mixer. Comparative example 1 is waste sand A. Table 2 shows these properties, the amount of fuel (heavy oil A) used during firing, and the total calorific value. Firing was performed under the same conditions as for burning waste sand.
例１～例３の再生砂原料組成物は、比較例１と比べて燃料使用量を低減することができた。特に、例２の再生砂原料組成物は、燃料使用量を１／５以下に低減することができた。 The recycled sand raw material compositions of Examples 1 to 3 were able to reduce the amount of fuel used compared to Comparative Example 1. In particular, the recycled sand raw material composition of Example 2 was able to reduce the amount of fuel used to 1/5 or less.
［例３～例５］
表３に記載の組成で廃砂と可燃性物質とをサンドミキサーを用いて２５℃で１０分間混合して、例３～例５の再生砂原料組成物を調製した。表３にこれらの再生砂原料組成物の性状及び焼成したときの燃料（Ａ重油）使用量及び総発熱量を示す。焼成は廃砂の焼成と同じ条件で行った。表３に比較例１及び例２の結果も参考までに示す。
[Example 3 to Example 5]
The recycled sand raw material compositions of Examples 3 to 5 were prepared by mixing waste sand and combustible materials with the compositions shown in Table 3 at 25° C. for 10 minutes using a sand mixer. Table 3 shows the properties of these recycled sand raw material compositions, the amount of fuel (heavy oil A) used during firing, and the total calorific value. Firing was performed under the same conditions as for burning waste sand. Table 3 also shows the results of Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 for reference.
例３～例５の再生砂原料組成物は、比較例１と比べて燃料使用量を低減することができた。特に、可燃性物質としてＲＰＦ（例２）、フラフ燃料（例３）、又は石炭粉（例５）を用いた場合、比較例１と比べて燃料使用量を大幅に低減することができた。 The recycled sand raw material compositions of Examples 3 to 5 were able to reduce the amount of fuel used compared to Comparative Example 1. In particular, when RPF (Example 2), fluff fuel (Example 3), or coal powder (Example 5) was used as the combustible substance, the amount of fuel used could be significantly reduced compared to Comparative Example 1.
本開示の再生砂原料組成物は、取扱いが容易であり、安定的かつ効率的に焼成できることから、廃砂の再生に有利に使用することができる。 The recycled sand raw material composition of the present disclosure is easy to handle and can be fired stably and efficiently, so it can be advantageously used for recycling waste sand.
Claims (13)
前記再生砂に有機粘結剤をコーティングすること
を含むレジンコーテッドサンドの製造方法。 A method for producing resin-coated sand, comprising: obtaining recycled sand by firing the recycled sand raw material composition according to claim 1 or 2, and coating the recycled sand with an organic binder.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022162671A JP7364762B1 (en) | 2022-10-07 | 2022-10-07 | Recycled sand raw material composition and method for producing the same, and method for producing recycled sand and resin-coated sand |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022162671A JP7364762B1 (en) | 2022-10-07 | 2022-10-07 | Recycled sand raw material composition and method for producing the same, and method for producing recycled sand and resin-coated sand |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP7364762B1 true JP7364762B1 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
| JP2024055607A JP2024055607A (en) | 2024-04-18 |
Family
ID=88328417
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022162671A Active JP7364762B1 (en) | 2022-10-07 | 2022-10-07 | Recycled sand raw material composition and method for producing the same, and method for producing recycled sand and resin-coated sand |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP7364762B1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003136184A (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-14 | Asahi Organic Chem Ind Co Ltd | Organic caking additive composition for mold and material for mold made by using the same |
| WO2006019047A1 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-23 | Asahi Organic Chemicals Industry Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing regenerated foundry sand |
| JP2012076118A (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-19 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | Method for making mold and material for making mold |
-
2022
- 2022-10-07 JP JP2022162671A patent/JP7364762B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003136184A (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-14 | Asahi Organic Chem Ind Co Ltd | Organic caking additive composition for mold and material for mold made by using the same |
| WO2006019047A1 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-23 | Asahi Organic Chemicals Industry Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing regenerated foundry sand |
| JP2012076118A (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-19 | Japan Steel Works Ltd:The | Method for making mold and material for making mold |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 西村勝ら，石炭の粉砕によるコークス粉乃粒度分布制御，鉄と鋼，日本，日本鉄鋼協会，1998年08月，Vol.84, No.8，pp.541-546 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024055607A (en) | 2024-04-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR101013217B1 (en) | Ash Recycling Apparatus and Method | |
| JP4316486B2 (en) | Fuel and its use | |
| FR3053327A1 (en) | SINKING AGENT FOR DRY REFRACTORY PARTICULATE COMPOSITION | |
| SrinivasaRao et al. | Effect of mechanical properties with addition of molasses and flyash in green sandmoulding | |
| CN111133253B (en) | Fluidizing medium for fluidized bed | |
| JP7364762B1 (en) | Recycled sand raw material composition and method for producing the same, and method for producing recycled sand and resin-coated sand | |
| JP6621784B2 (en) | Refractory brick and method for producing refractory brick | |
| JP4681688B2 (en) | Iron ore sintering carbon | |
| JP5276861B2 (en) | Ceramic aggregate for mold, method for producing the same, and mold using the same | |
| JP2007260503A (en) | Manufacturing method of burned matter | |
| Aribo | Effect of varying corn cob and rice husk ashes on properties of moulding sand | |
| CN104080550B (en) | From comprising the method obtaining energy organic obsolete material | |
| JP7422131B2 (en) | Method for regenerating fluidized media in a fluidized bed furnace | |
| CN108483997A (en) | A kind of aluminium ash system artificial quartz in lump and preparation method thereof | |
| KR101526949B1 (en) | Eco Lightweight Aggregate with Low Carbon Emission using Dry Bottom Ash made by Crusher and Gravity Abraser and it's Manufacturing Method | |
| JP4679937B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of foundry sand | |
| JP2005007220A (en) | Material production method by using incineration ash | |
| JP5737588B2 (en) | Abrasive material manufacturing method and abrasive material | |
| JP7087939B2 (en) | Manufacturing method of sintered raw material | |
| KR101430841B1 (en) | Process for producing high-strength coke | |
| TWI685476B (en) | Pulp sludge reproduction-based light-weight pellet material, preparation method and manufacturing system thereof | |
| JP6692877B2 (en) | Molded fuel, manufacturing method thereof, and calcination method of limestone | |
| JP2018183812A (en) | Method for regenerating casting sand | |
| JPH10323736A (en) | Production of artificial sand for foundry sand mold | |
| JP2000034179A (en) | Production of water-holding granular sintered compact |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20221007 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20230808 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20230905 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20230926 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20231005 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7364762 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |