JP7327289B2 - 電気加熱式触媒装置 - Google Patents
電気加熱式触媒装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7327289B2 JP7327289B2 JP2020097922A JP2020097922A JP7327289B2 JP 7327289 B2 JP7327289 B2 JP 7327289B2 JP 2020097922 A JP2020097922 A JP 2020097922A JP 2020097922 A JP2020097922 A JP 2020097922A JP 7327289 B2 JP7327289 B2 JP 7327289B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 124
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 128
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002543 FeCrAlY Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/16—Selection of particular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
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Description
以下、電気加熱式触媒装置の第1実施形態を、図1~図7を参照して詳細に説明する。
図1に示すように、電気加熱式触媒装置10は、車載用の内燃機関の排気管11の内部に設置される触媒担体12を備えている。触媒担体12は、多孔質の電気伝導体により形成されており、その外形は円柱状をなしている。なお、以下の説明では、円筒形状をなす触媒担体12の円柱中心線に平行な方向を同触媒担体12の軸方向と記載する。また、以下の説明では、円柱中心線に対する周回方向を触媒担体12の周方向と、円柱中心線に直交する方向を触媒担体12の径方向と、それぞれ記載する。
電極15は、触媒担体12の外周面上に設けられた表面電極層20を有している。表面電極層20は、溶射によって触媒担体12の外周面に形成される多孔質金属の膜となっており、ニクロム・クロム合金等の高温下での耐酸化性に優れた金属材料で形成されている。本実施形態の電気加熱式触媒装置10における表面電極層20は、触媒担体12の軸方向に長辺が延び、周方向に短辺が延びる矩形状に形成されている。
(1)溶射により固定層25を形成して表面電極層20の表面に配線部23を固定する際に、撓み無く張った状態で配線部23を表面電極層20の表面に押し付けるために張力Tを加えるための把持手となる偽端子部32が金属薄板30に設けられている。そのため、表面電極層20の表面上に配線部23を容易かつ的確に固定でき、金属電極層21の配線部23と表面電極層20との接触不良が生じ難くなる。
(第2実施形態)
次に、電気加熱式触媒装置の第2実施形態を、図8及び図9を併せ参照して詳細に説明する。なお本実施形態にあって、上記実施形態と共通する構成については、同一の符号を付してその詳細な説明は省略する。
(4)金属薄板130の不要部分の切除は、溶断部位が十分に加熱したときに偽端子部132を引っ張って不要部分を切り離すことで行われる。第1実施形態の場合のように溶断部位が複数存在する場合には、各溶融部位が切り離し可能に加熱される時期がばらつくことがあり、切り離しを行う時期の見極めが難しくなる。これに対して本実施形態の場合には、溶断部位が一箇所のみであるため、金属薄板130の不要部分の切り離し作業が容易となる。
・触媒担体12や表面電極層20、金属電極層21、固定層25の構成材料を適宜変更してもよい。
12…触媒担体
15…電極
20…表面電極層
21…金属電極層
22,122…第1の基部
23,123…配線部
23A…先端(溶断された部分)
24,124…端子部
25…固定層
30,130…金属薄板
31,131…第2の基部
131A…溶断された部分
32,132…偽端子部
33,133…狭小部
Claims (2)
- 触媒が担持された電気伝導体からなる円筒形状の触媒担体と、
前記触媒担体の外周面上に形成された膜状の表面電極層と、
薄板状の金属材料からなる金属電極層であって、基部と、同基部から前記触媒担体の周方向にそれぞれ延出されており、かつ前記表面電極層の表面上に前記触媒担体の軸方向に並んで配置された複数の配線部と、前記触媒担体の周方向における前記基部の両端のうち、同基部から見て前記配線部が位置する側と逆側の端から延出された端子部と、を有した金属電極層と、
前記配線部を間に挟み込んだ状態で前記表面電極層の表面に固定された固定層と、
を備えており、
前記複数の配線部のそれぞれの先端に溶断された部分が存在し、かつ前記溶断された部分の面積の合計は、前記金属電極層のうちの前記先端以外の部分の中で前記触媒担体の周方向に直交する断面の面積が最小となる部分の同断面の面積より小さくなっている
電気加熱式触媒装置。 - 触媒が担持された電気伝導体からなる円筒形状の触媒担体と、
前記触媒担体の外周面上に形成された膜状の表面電極層と、
薄板状の金属材料からなる金属電極層であって、基部と、同基部から前記触媒担体の周方向にそれぞれ延出されており、かつ前記表面電極層の表面上に前記触媒担体の軸方向に並んで配置された複数の配線部と、前記触媒担体の周方向における前記基部の両端のうち、同基部から見て前記配線部が位置する側と逆側の端から延出された端子部と、前記触媒担体の周方向における前記配線部の両端のうち、同配線部から見て前記基部が位置する側と逆側の端において前記複数の配線部のそれぞれと接続される第2の基部と、を有した金属電極層と、
前記配線部を間に挟み込んだ状態で前記表面電極層の表面に固定された固定層と、
を備えており、
前記触媒担体の周方向における前記第2の基部の両端のうち、同第2の基部から見て前記配線部が位置する側と逆側の端に溶断された部分が存在し、かつ前記溶断された部分の面積は、前記金属電極層のうちの前記第2の基部以外の中で前記触媒担体の周方向に直交する断面の面積が最小となる部分の同断面の面積以下の面積となっている
電気加熱式触媒装置。
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