JP7321234B2 - 電池セパレータ、リチウムイオン電池、セパレータ膜、乾式微多孔質ポリマー膜 - Google Patents
電池セパレータ、リチウムイオン電池、セパレータ膜、乾式微多孔質ポリマー膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7321234B2 JP7321234B2 JP2021193292A JP2021193292A JP7321234B2 JP 7321234 B2 JP7321234 B2 JP 7321234B2 JP 2021193292 A JP2021193292 A JP 2021193292A JP 2021193292 A JP2021193292 A JP 2021193292A JP 7321234 B2 JP7321234 B2 JP 7321234B2
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 223
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 title description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 682
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 662
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 662
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 131
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 42
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003821 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si](C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C(OC([H])([H])[*])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene-2,5-diol Chemical compound OC(=C)CCC(O)=C RZXDTJIXPSCHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium stearate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000306 polymethylpentene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011116 polymethylpentene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
本出願は、2015年11月11日に出願されたアメリカ合衆国仮特許出願シリアル番号62/253,932の優先権および利益を主張し、参照にすることにより本明細書に完全に組み入れられる。
本発明の実施例として製造されたさまざまな膜の実施例1、実施例2、および実施例3は、(以下の表1に示すように)対照比較例1よりも改良された穿刺強度および絶縁破壊(DB)における改良を示す。
図1-3の断面SEMは、カラム、ピラー、カラム状、カラム様、カラム化のまたは実質的に垂直の結晶性ポリマー構造を示し得る。結晶性ポリマーのこれらのカラムまたはピラーは、強度を高め、DBなどを改良し得る。
(ガーレー)
ガーレーは、本明細書では日本工業規格(JISガーレー)として定義され、王研(OHKEN)式透気度試験機を用いて測定される。JIS Gurleyは、100ccの空気が4.9インチの一定水圧において1平方インチのフィルムを通過するのに必要な秒単位の時間として定義される。
厚さは、Emveco Microgage 210-Aマイクロメーター厚さ試験機および試験手順ASTM D374を使用して、μm単位で測定される。
機械方向(MD)および横方向(TD)引張強度は、ASTM-882手順によるInstron Model 4201を使用して測定される。
破断時のMD伸び%は、サンプルを破断するために要する最大引張強度において測定された試験サンプルの機械方向に沿った試験サンプルの伸長のパーセントである。
破断時のTD伸び%は、サンプルを破断するために要する最大引張強度において測定された試験サンプルの横方向に沿った試験サンプルの伸長のパーセントである。
穿孔強度は、ASTM D3763に基づくInstron Model 4442を使用して測定される。測定は、微多孔膜の幅にわたって行われ、穿刺強度は、試験サンプルを穿刺するのに必要な力として定義される。
収縮率は、2枚の紙の間に試験サンプルを置き、紙の間にサンプルを挟み込んでオーブン中に吊るすことによって測定される。「105℃1時間」試験の場合、試料を105℃のオーブンに1時間入れる。オーブン内で指定の加熱時間の後、各サンプルを取り出し、両面粘着テープを使用して平らな対向面にテープで貼り付け、正確な長さと幅の測定のためにサンプルを平らにして平滑にした。収縮率は、機械方向(MD)および横方向(TD)の両方の方向で測定され、%MD収縮率および%TD収縮率として表される。
孔サイズは、Porous Materials, Inc. (PMI)から入手可能のAquaporeを使用して測定される。孔サイズは、μm単位で表される。
微多孔フィルム試料の多孔度は、ASTM法D-2873を使用して測定され、機械方向(MD)および横方向(TD)の両方で測定された、微多孔膜の空隙の百分率として定義される。
(絶縁破壊(DB))
試料の絶縁破壊が観察されるまで、セパレータ膜に電圧を印加する。強力なセパレータは高いDBを示す。セパレータ膜の不均一性は、DB値を低下させる。
圧縮弾性率は、TMA Q400および半球プローブを使用して評価された。5mm×5mmの試料を1N(568N/cm2)まで一定の速度で圧縮し、次に周囲温度にて一定速度で圧力を0Nに戻すように解放する。圧縮および回復中の寸法変化の割合は、試料の初期厚さに基づいて推定される。
混合侵入とは、カソードとアノードの材料の間に配置されたときにセパレータを通って短絡するのに必要な力である。この試験は、電池組立中にセパレータが短絡する傾向を示すために使用される。この方法の詳細は、US2010/209758に記載されている。
全てのサイクリングは定電流(CC)モードで行われた。使用される陰極は523NMCである。使用されるアノードは優れたグラファイトである。電解質は、3:7v:vEC:EMC溶媒中1MのLiPF6塩を使用した。電圧ウィンドウは3.0~4.3Vである。サイクル1~5は、C/10の充電率と放電率を有する。サイクル6-10は、C/5の充電率および放電率を有する。サイクル11-15は、C/5の充電率とC/2の放電率を有する。サイクル16-20は、C/5の充電率と1Cの放電率(充放電率容量;1Cは60分間の完全充電または放電の率である。)を有する。サイクル21-25は、C/5の充電率と5Cの放電率を有する。サイクル26-30は、C/5の充電率と10Cの放電率を有する。サイクル31-35は、C/10の充電率および放電率を有する。
Claims (7)
- それぞれのミクロ層が2μm未満の厚さを有する3層以上の乾式ポリマーミクロ層を含む乾式共伸出ポリオレフィン微多孔質セパレータサブ膜を含み、
前記乾式共伸出ポリオレフィン微多孔質セパレータサブ膜が、それぞれのミクロ層が2μm未満の厚さを有する複数の乾式ポリマーミクロ層を含む他の乾式共伸出ポリオレフィン微多孔質セパレータサブ膜に積層されている、リチウム電池用の電池セパレータ。 - 3層以上の前記乾式共伸出ポリオレフィン微多孔質セパレータサブ膜が共に積層されている請求項1に記載のリチウム電池用の電池セパレータ。
- 請求項1に記載のリチウム電池用の電池セパレータを含むリチウム電池。
- 請求項1に記載のリチウム電池用の電池セパレータを含むリチウムイオン電池。
- 請求項1に記載のリチウム電池用の電池セパレータを含むリチウムイオン二次電池。
- ミクロ膜が2μm未満の厚さを有する乾式共押出ポリマー多層ミクロ膜を2層以上含む電池セパレータであって、
前記2μm未満の厚さを有する乾式共押出ポリマー多層ミクロ膜の少なくとも1つが、ミクロ膜が2μm未満の厚さを有する他の乾式共押出ポリマー多層ミクロ膜に積層された、電池セパレータ。 - 請求項6に記載の電池セパレータを含むリチウムイオン電池。
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