JP7316041B2 - Meat tenderizing composition containing red yeast rice - Google Patents

Meat tenderizing composition containing red yeast rice Download PDF

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JP7316041B2
JP7316041B2 JP2018248699A JP2018248699A JP7316041B2 JP 7316041 B2 JP7316041 B2 JP 7316041B2 JP 2018248699 A JP2018248699 A JP 2018248699A JP 2018248699 A JP2018248699 A JP 2018248699A JP 7316041 B2 JP7316041 B2 JP 7316041B2
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red yeast
yeast rice
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JP2020108342A (en
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裕之 深見
幸一 浅野
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Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、紅麹を含有する組成物、および当該組成物を使用する肉類の処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a composition containing red yeast rice and a method for treating meat using the composition.

紅麹は穀類にモナスカス属の菌株を繁殖させた麹で、中国、台湾などでは紅酒、老酒、紅乳腐などの醸造原料として利用されており、また古来より生薬として「消食活血」「健脾燥胃」などの効果が知られている。また、血圧降下作用、コレステロール改善作用等、様々な機能を有することが知られ、味噌、醤油、食酢等の醸造食品をはじめ、パン、麺類等、色々な食品に使われている。 Monascus is a malt made by propagating a strain of the genus Monascus in cereals. In China and Taiwan, it is used as a raw material for brewing red wine , old wine, and red milk rot. Stomach" and other effects are known. It is also known to have various functions such as blood pressure lowering action and cholesterol improving action, and is used in various foods such as brewed foods such as miso, soy sauce and vinegar, as well as bread and noodles.

黄麹菌から製造される米麹、特に塩麹を肉類の処理に使用することは知られており(特許文献1)、紅麹を用いた肉類および魚介類の処理方法についても報告がされている(特許文献2~6)。また紅麹と黄麹菌から製造される米麹を混合して使用することについて報告がされている(特許文献7)。 It is known to use rice koji produced from Aspergillus aspergillus, particularly shio koji, for processing meat (Patent Document 1), and methods for processing meat and seafood using red yeast rice have also been reported. (Patent Documents 2 to 6). In addition, it has been reported that red yeast rice and rice malt produced from Aspergillus oryzae are mixed and used (Patent Document 7).

特開2014-23469号公報JP 2014-23469 A 特開2013-048617号公報JP 2013-048617 A 特開昭57-181639号公報JP-A-57-181639 特開2007-174916号公報JP 2007-174916 A 特開昭50-018658号公報JP-A-50-018658 特開昭47-39562号公報JP-A-47-39562 特開2004-313024号公報JP 2004-313024 A

食肉の質の改善のために、食肉を浸漬処理に付すことが行われており、浸漬処理により食肉を軟らかくする方法、特により効率的に食肉を軟らかくする方法が求められている。よって、本発明は肉の食感や味を損なうことなく、食肉を軟らかくする方法を提供することを目的とする。 In order to improve the quality of meat, meat is subjected to immersion treatment, and a method for softening meat by immersion treatment, particularly a more efficient method for softening meat, is desired. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for tenderizing meat without impairing the texture and taste of the meat.

本発明者は、上記の課題解決のために鋭意研究を進めたところ、紅麹由来成分を含有する組成物に食肉を浸漬することにより肉質を効率よく軟らかくすることができることを見いだし、本発明を完成させた。 As a result of intensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventors found that the meat quality can be efficiently softened by immersing meat in a composition containing components derived from red yeast rice. completed.

本発明の一つの側面によれば、以下の(1-1)~(1-11)に記載の組成物が提供される。 According to one aspect of the present invention, compositions described in (1-1) to (1-11) below are provided.

(1-1)食塩、および紅麹または紅麹由来成分を含有する、食肉軟化用組成物。 (1-1) A meat tenderizer composition containing salt and red yeast rice or a red yeast rice-derived component.

(1-2)紅麹、または紅麹由来成分が、紅塩麹組成物または紅麹粉末組成物である、(1-1)に記載の食肉軟化用組成物。 (1-2) The meat tenderizer composition according to (1-1), wherein the red yeast rice or the red yeast rice-derived component is a red salt yeast composition or a red yeast rice powder composition.

(1-3)(a)紅麹、黄麹、食塩、および水を含有する紅塩麹組成物;または
(b)乾燥紅麹粉末、食塩、および水を含有する紅麹粉末組成物
を含有する、(1-2)に記載の食肉軟化用組成物。
(1-3) (a) a red yeast rice composition containing red yeast rice, yellow yeast, salt, and water; or (b) a red yeast rice powder composition containing dried red yeast rice powder, salt, and water , (1-2).

(1-4)加熱処理前の食肉の軟化に使用するための、(1-1)~(1-3)のいずれかに記載の組成物。 (1-4) The composition according to any one of (1-1) to (1-3) for use in tenderizing meat before heat treatment.

(1-5)食肉が鶏肉、豚肉または牛肉である、(1-1)~(1-4)のいずれかに記載の組成物。 (1-5) The composition according to any one of (1-1) to (1-4), wherein the meat is chicken, pork or beef.

(1-6)紅麹と黄麹の重量比が、紅麹1に対して、黄麹が0.1~9である紅塩麹組成物を含有する、(1-2)~(1-5)のいずれかに記載の組成物。 (1-6) (1-2) to (1-5) containing a red salt koji composition in which the weight ratio of red koji to yellow koji is 0.1 to 9 for yellow koji to 1 red koji ).

(1-7)紅麹と食塩の重量比が、紅麹1に対して、食塩が0.01~5である紅塩麹組成物を含有する、(1-2)~(1-6)のいずれかに記載の組成物。 (1-7) of (1-2) to (1-6), containing a red yeast rice composition in which the weight ratio of red yeast rice to salt is 0.01 to 5 for salt to 1 red yeast rice. A composition according to any of the preceding claims.

(1-8)紅麹と水の重量比が、紅麹1に対して、水が0.1~15である紅塩麹組成物を含有する、(1-2)~(1-7)のいずれかに記載の組成物。 (1-8) of (1-2) to (1-7), containing a red salt koji composition in which the weight ratio of red yeast rice to water is 0.1 to 15 for water to 1 red yeast rice. A composition according to any of the preceding claims.

(1-9)酵素が失活する条件の熱処理に付した乾燥紅麹粉末を含む紅麹粉末組成物を含有する、(1-2)~(1-5)のいずれかに記載の組成物。 (1-9) The composition according to any one of (1-2) to (1-5), which contains a red yeast rice powder composition containing dried red yeast rice powder that has been subjected to heat treatment under conditions that deactivate the enzyme. .

(1-10)紅麹粉末と食塩の重量比が、紅麹1に対して、食塩が0.1~12である紅麹粉末組成物を含有する、(1-2)~(1-5)および(1-9)のいずれかに記載の組成物。 (1-10) (1-2) to (1-5) containing a red yeast rice powder composition in which the weight ratio of red yeast rice powder to salt is 0.1 to 12 for salt to 1 red yeast rice ) and (1-9).

(1-11)紅麹粉末と水の重量比が、紅麹1に対して、水が1~99である紅麹粉末組成物を含有する、(1-2)~(1-5)、(1-9)および(1-10)のいずれかに記載の組成物。 (1-11) (1-2) to (1-5), containing a red yeast rice powder composition with a weight ratio of 1 to 99 water to 1 red yeast rice powder to water; The composition according to any one of (1-9) and (1-10).

本発明のさらに一つの側面によれば、以下の(2-1)~(2-4)のいずれかに記載の製造方法が提供される。 According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a production method according to any one of (2-1) to (2-4) below.

(2-1)上記(1-1)~(1-11)のいずれかに記載の食肉軟化用組成物を用いて食肉を軟化させる工程を含む、加工食肉の製造方法。 (2-1) A method for producing processed meat, comprising a step of tenderizing meat using the meat tenderizer composition according to any one of (1-1) to (1-11) above.

(2-2)食肉を軟化させる工程が、食肉を食肉軟化用組成物に食肉を浸漬させることを含む、(2-1)に記載の製造方法。 (2-2) The production method according to (2-1), wherein the step of tenderizing the meat includes immersing the meat in a meat tenderizing composition.

(2-3)食肉軟化用組成物への食肉の浸漬が0~40℃で1~120時間行われる、(2-1)または(2-2)に記載の製造方法。 (2-3) The production method according to (2-1) or (2-2), wherein the meat is immersed in the meat tenderizing composition at 0 to 40°C for 1 to 120 hours.

(2-4)浸漬に用いる食肉および食肉軟化用組成物の重量比が、食肉1に対して、食肉軟化用組成物が0.01~0.5である、(2-1)~(2-3)のいずれかに記載の製造方法。 (2-4) The weight ratio of the meat and the meat tenderizer composition used for immersion is 0.01 to 0.5 for the meat tenderizer composition to 1 meat, (2-1) to (2) -3) The production method according to any one of the above.

本発明のさらに一つの側面によれば、以下の(3-1)~(3-4)のいずれかに記載の食肉の軟化方法が提供される。 According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for tenderizing meat according to any one of (3-1) to (3-4) below.

(3-1)上記(1-1)~(1-11)のいずれかに記載の食肉軟化用組成物を用いて食肉を軟化させる工程を含む、食肉の軟化方法。 (3-1) A method for tenderizing meat, comprising the step of tenderizing meat using the meat tenderizer composition according to any one of (1-1) to (1-11) above.

(3-2)食肉を軟化させる工程が、食肉を食肉軟化用組成物に食肉を浸漬させることを含む、(3-1)に記載の方法。 (3-2) The method according to (3-1), wherein the step of tenderizing the meat comprises immersing the meat in a meat tenderizing composition.

(3-3)食肉軟化用組成物への食肉の浸漬が0~40℃で1~120時間行われる、(3-1)または(3-2)に記載の方法。 (3-3) The method according to (3-1) or (3-2), wherein the meat is immersed in the meat tenderizing composition at 0-40°C for 1-120 hours.

(3-4)浸漬に用いる食肉および食肉軟化用組成物の重量比が、食肉1に対して、食肉軟化用組成物が0.01~0.5である、(3-1)~(3-3)のいずれかに記載の方法。 (3-4) The weight ratio of the meat and the meat tenderizer composition used for soaking is 0.01 to 0.5 of the meat tenderizer composition to 1 of the meat, (3-1) to (3) -3) The method according to any one of the above.

本発明の組成物を用いて食肉を処理することにより、咬合力が弱い子供や高齢者であっても、容易に食することができる食肉を得ることができる。また本発明は、肉の食感や味を損なうことなく、食肉を軟らかくする方法を提供する。 By treating meat with the composition of the present invention, it is possible to obtain meat that can be easily eaten even by children and the elderly who have weak bite force. The present invention also provides a method for tenderizing meat without impairing the texture and taste of the meat.

図1-1は、食肉軟化用組成物により10℃で浸漬処理した牛モモ肉の加熱後の硬度を測定した結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 1-1 is a graph showing the results of measurement of hardness after heating of beef thigh soaked at 10° C. in a meat tenderizer composition. 図1-2は、食肉軟化用組成物により4℃で浸漬処理した牛モモ肉の加熱後の硬度を測定した結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 1-2 is a graph showing the results of measuring the hardness after heating of beef thighs soaked at 4° C. in a meat tenderizer composition. 図2は、食肉軟化用組成物で浸漬処理した牛モモ肉の加熱後の硬度を測定した結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of measurement of the hardness after heating of the beef thigh soaked in the meat tenderizing composition. 図3は、食肉軟化用組成物で浸漬処理した豚モモ肉の加熱後の硬度を測定した結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of measurement of hardness after heating of pork thighs immersed in a meat tenderizer composition.

本発明の食肉軟化用組成物は、食塩、および紅麹または紅麹由来成分を含有することを特徴とする。以下、本発明において詳述する。 The meat tenderizer composition of the present invention is characterized by containing salt and red yeast rice or a red yeast rice-derived component. The present invention will be described in detail below.

本発明において使用される紅麹または紅麹由来成分に係る製麹原料としては、麹の調製に用いることのできる原料であればいずれでもよく、例えば、精白米、玄米、麦、粟、コウリャン、ソバ、トウモロコシ、大豆、小豆などの各種穀類や、それらの糠、フスマ、胚芽、モミガラ等を用いることができる。好ましくは、精白米である。また、破砕米のような形状のものでもよく、原産地や品種は特に限定されない。これらの原料は、単独で用いても、2種以上を併用してもよい。さらに、これら原料には、必要に応じて、紅麹菌の繁殖に必要な各種の成分、例えば、炭素源、窒素源、無機質、ビタミン等を加えても良い。 The red yeast rice or red yeast rice-derived ingredients used in the present invention may be any raw material that can be used for the preparation of rice malt. Various cereals such as buckwheat, corn, soybeans, adzuki beans, and their bran, bran, germ, chaff, etc. can be used. Polished rice is preferred. Also, it may be in the form of crushed rice, and the place of origin and variety are not particularly limited. These raw materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Furthermore, to these raw materials, if necessary, various components necessary for the propagation of monascus aspergillus, such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources, minerals, vitamins, etc., may be added.

上記製麹原料は、製麹に先立って、加熱、加圧加熱等の公知の手段により、殺菌処理されていることが望ましい。 The raw material for koji making is desirably sterilized by known means such as heating, pressure heating, etc. prior to koji making.

本発明において、上記培養発酵物を調製する際に使用される紅麹菌は、食品衛生上又は薬学的に許容されるものであれば、特に制限することなく使用できる。当該紅麹菌としては、具体的には、モナスカス属(Monascus)に属する糸状菌、より具体的には、モナスカス・パープレウス(Monascus purpureus)、モナスカス・アンカ(Monascus anka)、モナスカス・ルーバー(Monascus ruber)、モナスカス・ピローサス(Monascus pilosus)、これらの変種、及びこれらの変異株等が挙げられる。特に、食用としての実績があり、風味、外観等に優れるモナスカス・ピローサス(Monascus pilosus)が好適に用いられる。なお、これらの紅麹菌は、1種単独で使用してもよく、また2種以上を任意に組み合わせて使用してもよい。 In the present invention, Monascus Monascus used for preparing the cultured fermented product can be used without any particular limitation as long as it is food sanitationally or pharmaceutically acceptable. Specific examples of the monascus mold include filamentous fungi belonging to the genus Monascus, more specifically Monascus purpureus, Monascus anka, and Monascus ruber. , Monascus pilosus, variants thereof, mutant strains thereof, and the like. In particular, Monascus pilosus, which has a track record as food and is excellent in flavor, appearance, etc., is preferably used. In addition, these monascus aspergillus may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more types arbitrarily.

本発明において、上記紅麹による製麹は、上記製麹原料に上記紅麹菌を植菌し、よく混合した後に、好気的条件下で培養を行うことにより実施される。 In the present invention, the production of koji using the red yeast rice is carried out by inoculating the raw materials for the production of the red yeast rice with the red yeast rice, mixing them well, and then culturing the mixture under aerobic conditions.

製麹時の温度条件としては、上記紅麹菌が生育可能である限り、特に制限されないが、通常20~37℃、好ましくは25~35℃が例示される。 The temperature conditions for koji making are not particularly limited as long as the monascus monascus can grow.

培地のpHは、培養期間中において4.0~8.0、好ましくは、4.5~7.0である。また、当該製麹に要する時間は、使用する紅麹菌の種類や使用する製麹原料の種類等によって異なり、一律に規定することはできないが、通常5~20日間、好ましくは7~14日間である。 The pH of the medium is 4.0-8.0, preferably 4.5-7.0 during the culture period. In addition, the time required for koji-making varies depending on the type of red aspergillus oryzae used, the type of koji-making raw material used, etc., and cannot be uniformly defined, but it is usually 5 to 20 days, preferably 7 to 14 days. be.

当該製麹の期間中、1回若しくは数回に分けて、水やpH調整剤を添加し、水分含量やpHが上記範囲に保持されるように調節することができる。 During the koji-making period, water and a pH adjuster can be added once or several times to adjust the water content and pH so that they are kept within the above ranges.

斯くして得られる紅麹菌による培養発酵物は本明細書において紅麹と称される。本発明において用いられる紅麹は、水分量が例えば、35~50重量%である。当該紅麹は、そのまま用いるだけでなく、麹の利用法として公知の全ての形で利用することができる。例えば、常法により、菌および酵素の失活物、乾燥物、乾燥粉砕物、粉末、顆粒物、水溶液、ペースト状物、抽出エキス、抽出エキス濃縮物、抽出エキスなどの加工を施したものは、本発明において米麹由来成分として使用できる。紅麹由来成分として好ましくは紅麹の乾燥物を粉砕して得られる粉末(紅麹粉末)を使用することができる。一つの態様において、粉末の調製は酵素が失活するのに十分な温度による熱処理の工程を含む。熱処理の条件は、例えば、100℃~120℃が好ましく、105℃~115℃がより好ましく、また、当該熱処理の時間は、15~25分が好ましい。また、このような熱処理の温度と時間は、110℃、20分とすることもできる。乾燥後の紅麹の粉砕は、例えばアトマイザー(ダルトン社製)を用いて行うことができる。粉末の粒度は、例えば、100メッシュスルー、80%以上、85%以上、90%以上、または94%以上である。 The thus-obtained culture-fermented product by Monascus aspergillus is referred to herein as Monascus. The red yeast rice used in the present invention has a water content of, for example, 35 to 50% by weight. The red yeast rice can be used not only as it is, but also in all known forms of using koji. For example, inactivated products of bacteria and enzymes, dried products, dried pulverized products, powders, granules, aqueous solutions, pastes, extracted extracts, extracted extract concentrates, extracted extracts, etc. processed by conventional methods are It can be used as a component derived from rice koji in the present invention. As the red yeast rice-derived component, a powder obtained by pulverizing a dried product of red yeast rice (red yeast rice powder) can be preferably used. In one embodiment, powder preparation includes a step of heat treatment at a temperature sufficient to deactivate the enzyme. The heat treatment conditions are, for example, preferably 100° C. to 120° C., more preferably 105° C. to 115° C., and the heat treatment time is preferably 15 to 25 minutes. Also, the temperature and time of such heat treatment can be 110° C. and 20 minutes. The red yeast rice after drying can be pulverized using, for example, an atomizer (manufactured by Dalton). The particle size of the powder is, for example, 100 mesh through, 80% or greater, 85% or greater, 90% or greater, or 94% or greater.

本発明において、紅麹または紅麹由来成分としては、紅塩麹組成物として調製したものを使用することができる。紅塩麹組成物は、紅麹、アスペルギルス属カビの黄麹(甘酒用麹、清酒用麹、味噌用麹、醤油用麹、焼酎用麹、泡盛用麹)、食塩および水を混合し、所定の温度で所定の時間保存することにより調製することができる。黄麹として、大豆麹、米麹を使用することができ、好ましくは米麹を使用することができる。また、米麹を使用する場合、同様の観点から、好ましくは甘酒用米麹を使用することができる。紅塩麹組成物の調製において、紅麹と黄麹の重量比は、好適な紅塩麹組成物が得られるという観点から、紅麹1に対して、黄麹は、例えば0.1~9、好ましくは0.2~7、より好ましくは0.4~5である。また紅麹と食塩の重量比は、好適な紅塩麹組成物が得られるという観点から、紅麹1に対して、食塩は、例えば0.01~5、好ましくは0.05~3.5、より好ましくは0.1~2である。また紅麹と水の重量比は、好適な紅塩麹組成物が得られるという観点から、紅麹1に対して、水は、例えば0.1~15、好ましくは0.5~12.5、より好ましくは1~10である。 In the present invention, as the red yeast rice or the red yeast rice-derived component, one prepared as a red salt yeast composition can be used. The red salt koji composition is prepared by mixing red koji, yellow koji of the genus Aspergillus (koji for amazake, koji for refined sake, koji for miso, koji for soy sauce, koji for shochu, and koji for awamori), salt and water, and adding a predetermined amount. It can be prepared by storing at temperature for a predetermined time. As yellow koji, soybean koji and rice koji can be used, and preferably rice koji can be used. Moreover, when using rice koji, it is preferable to use rice koji for amazake from the same viewpoint. In the preparation of the red yeast rice composition, the weight ratio of the red yeast rice and the yellow rice malt is preferably 0.1 to 9, for example, from the viewpoint of obtaining a suitable red rice malt composition. is 0.2-7, more preferably 0.4-5. The weight ratio of red yeast rice to salt is, from the viewpoint of obtaining a suitable red salt rice malt composition, 0.01 to 5, preferably 0.05 to 3.5, preferably 0.05 to 3.5. It is more preferably 0.1-2. The weight ratio of red yeast rice to water is, for example, 0.1 to 15, preferably 0.5 to 12.5, and preferably 0.5 to 12.5. More preferably 1-10.

本発明において、紅麹または紅麹由来成分としては、紅麹粉末を含有する組成物(紅麹粉末組成物)を使用することができる。紅麹粉末組成物は、例えば、紅麹粉末、食塩及び水を混合して調製することができる。紅麹粉末組成物の調製において、紅麹粉末と食塩の重量比は、好適な紅麹粉末組成物が得られるという観点から、紅麹1に対して、例えば0.1~12、好ましくは0.15~8、より好ましくは0.2~4である。また紅麹粉末と水の重量比が、好適な紅麹粉末組成物が得られるという観点から、紅麹1に対して、例えば1~99、好ましくは1.5~44、より好ましくは2~33である。 In the present invention, a composition containing red yeast rice powder (red yeast rice powder composition) can be used as the red yeast rice or the red yeast rice-derived component. The red yeast rice powder composition can be prepared, for example, by mixing red yeast rice powder, salt and water. In the preparation of the red yeast rice powder composition, the weight ratio of the red yeast rice powder and salt is, for example, 0.1 to 12, preferably 0, per 1 red yeast rice yeast from the viewpoint of obtaining a suitable red yeast rice powder composition. 0.15-8, more preferably 0.2-4. In addition, from the viewpoint of obtaining a suitable red yeast rice powder composition, the weight ratio of red yeast rice powder to water is, for example, 1 to 99, preferably 1.5 to 44, more preferably 2 to 1. 33.

本発明で使用される食肉は、動物由来の食用の肉類であれば特に限定されない。食肉の例としては、牛肉、豚肉、鶏肉、ヒツジ肉(マトン、ラム)、ウサギ肉、山羊肉(内臓含む)、鹿肉、猪肉、馬肉、鴨肉、ガチョウ肉、フォアグラ、七面鳥肉、キジ肉、ホロホロチョウ肉、ウズラ肉、鯨肉、イルカ肉等が挙げられる。このうち豚肉としては、かたロース、ロース、ヒレ、バラ、もも、レバー(肝臓)、ハツ(心臓)、マメ(腎臓)、ガツ(胃)、ヒモ(小腸)、ダイチョウ(大腸)、タン(舌)、トンソク(足)、コブクロ(子宮)、ソーキブニ(あばら骨付き肉)、ナンコツソーキ(肉付き肋軟骨)、豚の肋軟骨ナカミ(内臓類)等が挙げられる。また牛肉としては、ネック(首)、かた、かたロース、リブロース、サーロイン、ヒレ、ともばら、かたばら、うちもも、しんたま、そともも、らんぷ、すね、レバー(肝臓)、ハツ(心臓)、マメ(腎臓)、ミノ(第一胃)、センマイ(第三胃)、ハラミ、サガリ、ひも(小腸)、シマチョウ(大腸)、タン(舌)、テール(尾)、カラシニク等が挙げられる。更にヒツジ肉としては、ショルダー、ロングロイン、胸肉、フランク、レッグ、ラムロール等が、鶏肉としては、手羽類、むね肉、もも肉、ささみ、かわ、きも(肝臓)、すなぎも等が挙げられる。より好ましくは、牛肉(かたロース、リブロース、サーロイン、ヒレ、またはもも)、豚肉(かたロース、ロース、ヒレ、バラ、またはもも)および鶏肉(むね肉、もも肉またはささみ)、ヒツジ肉(マトン、ラム)、鹿肉、猪肉、馬肉、鴨肉、鯨肉を使用することができ、特に好ましくは、牛肉(もも)豚肉(もも)、鶏肉(もも)を使用することができる。 The meat used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is animal-derived edible meat. Examples of meat include beef, pork, chicken, sheep (mutton, lamb), rabbit, goat (including offal), venison, wild boar, horse, duck, goose, foie gras, turkey and pheasant. , guinea fowl meat, quail meat, whale meat, dolphin meat, and the like. Of these pork, pork loin, loin, fillet, belly, thigh, liver (liver), heart (heart), bean (kidney), gut (stomach), string (small intestine), daicho (large intestine), tongue (tongue), tonseok (foot), kobukuro (uterus), sokibuni (meat with ribs), nankotsu soki (rib cartilage with meat), pork rib cartilage nakami (internal organs), and the like. As for beef, neck, shank, shank loin, rib loin, sirloin, fillet, ribs, ribs, inner thigh, shintama, thigh, rump, shank, liver (liver) , heart (heart), bean (kidney), mino (rumen), omasum (third stomach), outside skirt, sagari, string (small intestine), shimacho (large intestine), tongue (tongue), tail (tail), kalashnik etc. Examples of sheep meat include shoulder, long loin, breast, flank, leg, and lamb rolls, and examples of chicken include chicken wings, breast, thigh, fillet, cuttlefish, liver, and tiling. More preferably, beef (tight loin, rib loin, sirloin, tenderloin, or thigh), pork (tight loin, loin, tenderloin, belly, or thigh) and chicken (breast, thigh, or tenderloin), sheep meat (mutton, lamb), venison, wild boar, horse meat, duck, and whale meat, and particularly preferably beef (thigh), pork (thigh), and chicken (thigh). can.

本発明で使用される食肉として、加熱処理前の食肉を使用することができる。一つの態様において、使用される食肉は、冷凍保存されてその後解凍された加熱処理前の食肉である。 As meat used in the present invention, meat before heat treatment can be used. In one embodiment, the meat used is pre-cooking meat that has been frozen and then thawed.

本発明による軟化処理の効果は、パネラーの試食による官能試験で確認することができる。さらに軟化処理による食肉の変化はレオメーター(例えば、SUN RHEO METER CRシリーズ、株式会社サン科学製)を使用して確認することができる。軟化処理の効果確認には、加熱処理した食肉、例えば60~100℃、70~95℃、または80~90℃の温浴により加熱し、肉の中心温度が60~90℃となった食肉を用いることができる。 The effect of the softening treatment according to the present invention can be confirmed by a sensory test in which a panelist tastes the product. Furthermore, changes in meat due to softening treatment can be confirmed using a rheometer (eg, SUN RHEO METER CR series, manufactured by Sun Scientific Co., Ltd.). To confirm the effect of the softening treatment, heat-treated meat, for example, meat that has been heated in a hot bath at 60 to 100°C, 70 to 95°C, or 80 to 90°C to reach a core temperature of 60 to 90°C is used. be able to.

本発明に使用する食肉は、90℃の温浴により加熱し肉の中心温度が80℃となった後の圧縮強度測定(アダプタ直径:20.0mm、深度:6.0mm、測定速度:38mm/分)による硬度が、例えば、1.5~6.0Mpa、1.5~5Mpa、または1.5~4Mpaである。軟化処理後の食肉の硬度は、同様の条件で測定した場合に、例えば、0.1~1.5Mpa未満、0.2~1.25Mpa、および0.3~1.0Mpaである。 The meat used in the present invention is heated in a hot bath at 90°C, and the compressive strength is measured after the central temperature of the meat reaches 80°C (adaptor diameter: 20.0 mm 2 , depth: 6.0 mm, measurement speed: 38 mm/ min) is, for example, 1.5-6.0 Mpa, 1.5-5 Mpa, or 1.5-4 Mpa. The hardness of meat after softening is, for example, 0.1 to less than 1.5 Mpa, 0.2 to 1.25 Mpa, and 0.3 to 1.0 Mpa when measured under similar conditions.

また本発明の効果は、加熱処理後の食肉の弾力性として、レオメーターまたはテンシプレッサー(タケトモ電機製、TENSIPRESSERTMなど)を用いたテクスチャー・プロファイル・アナリシス(TPA)を行うことにより確認することができる。 Moreover, the effect of the present invention can be confirmed by performing texture profile analysis (TPA) using a rheometer or a tensipressor (manufactured by Taketomo Denki, TENSIPRESSER TM , etc.) as the elasticity of meat after heat treatment. can.

食肉軟化用組成物は、加工食肉の製造方法に用いることができ、該方法は食肉を食肉軟化用組成物に食肉を浸漬させる工程を含む。また食肉軟化用組成物は、食肉軟化方法に用いることができる。 The tenderizing composition can be used in a process for producing processed meat, the process comprising soaking the meat in the tenderizing composition. The tenderizing composition can also be used in a tenderizing method.

組成物への食肉の浸漬は、効果の観点から、例えば、0~40℃、好ましくは2~35℃、より好ましくは4~30℃の温度で、例えば、1~120時間、好ましくは2~84時間、より好ましくは3~48時間行われる。浸漬に用いる食肉および組成物の重量比は、効果の観点から、例えば、食肉1に対して0.01~0.5、好ましくは0.02~0.35、より好ましくは0.04~0.2である。 From the viewpoint of effect, the immersion of meat in the composition is carried out at a temperature of, for example, 0 to 40°C, preferably 2 to 35°C, more preferably 4 to 30°C, for 1 to 120 hours, preferably 2 to 30°C. 84 hours, more preferably 3-48 hours. From the viewpoint of effectiveness, the weight ratio of the meat and the composition used for dipping is, for example, 0.01 to 0.5, preferably 0.02 to 0.35, more preferably 0.04 to 0. .2.

本発明の食肉軟化用組成物は、1以上の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。添加剤は食品に用いることができる添加剤であれば特に限定されず、その例としては、調味料、着色料、保存料、増粘剤、pH調整剤、防腐剤、抗酸化剤、糖類、ビタミン、ミネラルなどが挙げられる。 The meat tenderizer composition of the present invention may contain one or more additives. Additives are not particularly limited as long as they can be used in foods, and examples thereof include seasonings, coloring agents, preservatives, thickeners, pH adjusters, preservatives, antioxidants, sugars, Examples include vitamins and minerals.

本発明の組成物は、食品用の容器に充填することができる。充填する容器は、食品に使用できるもので密閉できるものであればよく、その例としてフィルムパック、ペットボトルなどの樹脂性容器、ガラスびん、缶などの容器が挙げられる。一つの態様において、本発明の組成物の一回分の使用量をフィルムパック、スタンディングパウチ容器等の容器に充填し、該容器において食肉の浸漬処理を行うことができる。別の態様において、本発明の組成物の水以外の成分が食品用容器に収納され、開封後に適量の水を添加して使用することができる。 The composition of the present invention can be filled into food containers. Any container can be used as long as it can be used for food and can be hermetically sealed. Examples thereof include film packs, plastic containers such as PET bottles, glass bottles, and cans. In one embodiment, a single dose of the composition of the present invention can be filled into a container such as a film pack or a standing pouch container, and the meat can be soaked in the container. In another embodiment, the ingredients other than water of the composition of the present invention can be stored in a food container, and after opening, an appropriate amount of water can be added and used.

以下、本発明の好適な実施例についてさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、本明細書において示されるパーセンテージは特に言及がなければ重量%を意味する。 Preferred examples of the present invention will be described in more detail below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. It should be noted that the percentages shown in this specification mean % by weight unless otherwise specified.

[実施例1]紅塩麹組成物の製造方法
下表に示す量の黄麹(甘酒用米麹、マルコメ株式会社製)、紅麹(1G-WLK1(Monascus pilosusNBRC4520)、小林製薬バリューサポート株式会社製)、食塩、および190mlの水を混合し、24時間30℃で保存した。その後麹がかぶる程度まで水を添加(約100ml)し、30℃にて10日間保存し、その間1日1回かき混ぜることにより発酵させて、紅塩麹組成物を得た。調製した紅塩麹組成物は、そのまま浸漬液として試験に使用した。対照として使用した塩麹は、下表に示す量の黄麹(甘酒用米麹、マルコメ株式会社製)、食塩、および190mlの水を混合した点以外は、上記と同様の手法で調製した。
[Example 1] Method for producing red salt koji composition Yellow koji (rice koji for amazake, manufactured by Marukome Co., Ltd.), red yeast rice (1G-WLK1 (Monascus pilosus NBRC4520), manufactured by Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Value Support Co., Ltd. in the amounts shown in the table below ), salt, and 190 ml of water were mixed and stored at 30° C. for 24 hours. After that, water was added (approximately 100 ml) to the extent that the koji was covered, and the mixture was stored at 30° C. for 10 days, during which time it was stirred once a day for fermentation to obtain a red salt koji composition. The prepared red salt koji composition was directly used as an immersion liquid for the test. The salt koji used as a control was prepared in the same manner as described above, except that the following amounts of yellow koji (rice koji for amazake, manufactured by Marukome Co., Ltd.), salt, and 190 ml of water were mixed.

Figure 0007316041000001
[実施例2]紅麹粉末および紅麹粉末液の製造方法
精白米50kgを一晩水に浸漬し、約1時間水切りした後、オートクレーブで125℃、20分間蒸気滅菌し蒸米を得た。これに菌株(Monascus pilosus NBRC4520)を植菌し、最初の4日間は30~35℃、4日目以降は23~25℃で、計2週間培養した。こうして得た培養物を110℃、20分間の熱処理により紅麹菌と酵素を失活させた後、60℃で通風し、水分率を10%まで乾燥した。得られた紅麹を粉砕機(アトマイザー:ダルトン社製)により粉砕した。また、実施例2の紅麹粉末を10重量%、および食塩を12重量%水中に含む紅麹粉末液(紅麹粉末組成物)を調製した。
Figure 0007316041000001
[Example 2] Production method of red yeast rice powder and red yeast rice powder solution 50 kg of polished rice was soaked in water overnight, drained for about 1 hour, and steam sterilized in an autoclave at 125°C for 20 minutes to obtain steamed rice. A strain (Monascus pilosus NBRC4520) was inoculated into this and cultured at 30-35°C for the first 4 days and at 23-25°C from the 4th day onwards for a total of 2 weeks. The culture thus obtained was heat-treated at 110° C. for 20 minutes to inactivate Monascus monascus and enzymes, and then dried to a moisture content of 10% by ventilation at 60° C. The obtained red yeast rice was pulverized with a pulverizer (atomizer: manufactured by Dalton). Further, a red yeast rice powder liquid (red yeast rice powder composition) containing 10% by weight of the red yeast rice powder of Example 2 and 12% by weight of salt in water was prepared.

[実施例3]牛モモ肉軟化処理試験(1)
牛モモ肉(オーストラリア産)約4kgを60~90g(厚さ1.5cm前後)の範囲の重さで切り出し、検体とした。検体重量に対し10重量%の各浸漬液(表1の塩麹、または表1の紅塩麹組成物)とともにジッパー付きの袋に入れ、空気をなるべく抜いて密閉後、冷蔵庫(約4℃)または10℃で24時間漬け込んだ。ここで浸漬液は、塩麹としては表1の塩麹、紅塩麹としては表1の紅塩麹を使用した。
[Example 3] Beef thigh softening treatment test (1)
About 4 kg of beef thigh meat (produced in Australia) was cut in a weight range of 60 to 90 g (about 1.5 cm in thickness) and used as a specimen. 10% by weight of each immersion liquid (shio-koji in Table 1 or red salt-koji composition in Table 1) is placed in a zippered bag, air is removed as much as possible, and the bag is sealed, then refrigerated (approximately 4°C) or It was soaked at 10°C for 24 hours. Here, as the immersion liquid, salt koji in Table 1 was used as salt koji, and red salt koji in Table 1 was used as red salt koji.

浸漬処理後、袋のまま沸騰したお湯につけ、肉の中心温度が80℃になるまで加熱した。加熱処理後の肉1検体につき、5ヶ所をレオメーター(SUN RHEO METER CR-500DX、株式会社サン科学製)による圧縮強度測定(アダプタ直径:20.0mm、深度:6.0mm、測定速度:38mm/分)に供した。当該測定を4検体分実施(n=20)し、平均値を算出した。10℃で浸漬処理した結果を図1-1に、約4℃で浸漬処理した結果を図1-2に示す。図1-1に示される試験結果から、紅塩麹組成物に浸漬した肉の硬度は、塩麹を用いた場合と比べて有意に低下した。また図1-1、及び図1-2に示される試験結果から、紅塩麹組成物を用いた浸漬処理は、4℃および10℃の何れにおいても、塩麹による処理を上回る効果を示すことが有意差をもって確認された。また、当該効果は、検体を4℃で3時間漬け込んだ以外は同様の手法で試験を行った場合であっても、紅塩麹組成物を用いた浸漬処理は、塩麹による処理を上回る効果を示すことが確認された。 After the immersion treatment, the bag was immersed in boiling water and heated until the central temperature of the meat reached 80°C. Compressive strength was measured at 5 points per sample of meat after heat treatment using a rheometer (SUN RHEO METER CR-500DX, manufactured by Sun Science Co., Ltd.) (adapter diameter: 20.0 mm 2 , depth: 6.0 mm, measurement speed: 38 mm/min). The measurement was performed for 4 specimens (n=20), and the average value was calculated. The results of immersion treatment at 10° C. are shown in FIG. 1-1, and the results of immersion treatment at about 4° C. are shown in FIG. 1-2. From the test results shown in FIG. 1-1, the hardness of the meat immersed in the red salt koji composition was significantly lower than when salt koji was used. Further, from the test results shown in FIGS. 1-1 and 1-2, the immersion treatment using the red salt koji composition is more effective than the treatment with salt koji at both 4° C. and 10° C. It was confirmed with a significant difference. In addition, even when the test was performed in the same manner except that the specimen was soaked at 4°C for 3 hours, the immersion treatment using the red salt koji composition showed an effect that exceeded the treatment with salt koji. It was confirmed that

また、前記浸漬処理後の肉を袋から取り出し、フライパンで弱火で30秒ごとに裏返しながら2分間加熱した。加熱処理後の肉を一口大に切り、パネラーにより、どちらで処理した肉の方が軟らかいか、2点識別による官能評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。なお、表中の数字は、各評価項目について、各試料を選択したパネラー数を示し、これは、以降の2点識別による官能試験結果においても同様である。 Also, the meat after the immersion treatment was taken out from the bag and heated in a frying pan over low heat for 2 minutes while turning over every 30 seconds. After the heat treatment, the meat was cut into bite-sized pieces, and sensory evaluation was performed by two-point discrimination to determine which of the meats was more tender by a panelist. Table 2 shows the results. The numbers in the table indicate the number of panelists who selected each sample for each evaluation item, and this also applies to the subsequent sensory test results based on two-point discrimination.

Figure 0007316041000002
[実施例4]牛モモ肉軟化処理試験(2)
牛モモ肉(オーストラリア産)約4kgを60~90g(厚さ1.5cm前後)の範囲の重さで切り出し、検体とした。検体重量に対し10重量%の各浸漬液(表1の塩麹、または実施例2の紅麹粉末液)とともにジッパー付きの袋に入れ、空気をなるべく抜いて密閉後、冷蔵庫(約4℃)で24時間漬け込んだ。ここで浸漬液は、塩麹としては表1の塩麹、紅麹粉末液としては実施例2の紅麹粉末液を使用した。
Figure 0007316041000002
[Example 4] Beef thigh softening treatment test (2)
About 4 kg of beef thigh meat (produced in Australia) was cut in a weight range of 60 to 90 g (about 1.5 cm in thickness) and used as a specimen. 10% by weight of each immersion liquid (shio-koji in Table 1 or monascus powder in Example 2) is placed in a zippered bag, air is removed as much as possible, and the bag is sealed, then refrigerated (about 4°C). Soaked in for 24 hours. Here, as the immersion liquid, the salt koji in Table 1 was used as the salt koji, and the red koji powder in Example 2 was used as the red koji powder.

浸漬処理後、袋のまま沸騰したお湯につけ、肉の中心温度が80℃になるまで加熱した。加熱処理後の肉1検体につき、5ヶ所をレオメーター(SUN RHEO METER CR-500DX、株式会社サン科学製)による圧縮強度測定(アダプタ直径:20.0mm、深度:6.0mm、測定速度:38mm/分)に供した。当該測定を4検体分実施(n=20)し、平均値を算出した。結果を図2に示す。紅麹粉末液に浸漬した肉の硬度は、塩麹を用いた場合と比べて有意に低下した。 After the immersion treatment, the bag was immersed in boiling water and heated until the central temperature of the meat reached 80°C. Compressive strength was measured at 5 points per sample of meat after heat treatment using a rheometer (SUN RHEO METER CR-500DX, manufactured by Sun Science Co., Ltd.) (adapter diameter: 20.0 mm 2 , depth: 6.0 mm, measurement speed: 38 mm/min). The measurement was performed for 4 specimens (n=20), and the average value was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. The hardness of the meat immersed in the red yeast rice powder solution was significantly lower than in the case of using salted rice malt.

[実施例5]豚モモ肉軟化処理試験
豚モモ肉(日本産)約4kgを60~90g(厚さ1.5cm前後)の範囲の重さで切り出し、検体とした。検体重量に対し10重量%の各浸漬液(表1の塩麹、または表1の紅塩麹組成物)とともにジッパー付きの袋に入れ、空気をなるべく抜いて密閉後、冷蔵庫(約4℃)で24時間漬け込んだ。ここで浸漬液は、塩麹としては表1の塩麹、紅塩麹としては表1の紅塩麹を使用した。
[Example 5] Pork leg softening treatment test About 4 kg of pork leg (produced in Japan) was cut to a weight in the range of 60 to 90 g (thickness of about 1.5 cm) and used as a specimen. 10% by weight of each immersion liquid (shio-koji in Table 1 or red salt-koji composition in Table 1) is placed in a zippered bag, air is removed as much as possible, and the bag is sealed, and then placed in a refrigerator (about 4°C). Soaked for 24 hours. Here, as the immersion liquid, salt koji in Table 1 was used as salt koji, and red salt koji in Table 1 was used as red salt koji.

浸漬処理後、袋のまま沸騰したお湯につけ、肉の中心温度が80℃になるまで加熱した。加熱処理後の肉1検体につき、5ヶ所をレオメーター(SUN RHEO METER CR-500DX、株式会社サン科学製)による圧縮強度測定(アダプタ直径:20.0mm、深度:6.0mm、測定速度:38mm/分)に供した。当該測定を4検体分実施(n=20)し、平均値を算出した。結果を図3に示す。紅塩麹組成物に浸漬した肉の硬度は、塩麹を用いた場合と比べて有意に低下した。 After the immersion treatment, the bag was immersed in boiling water and heated until the central temperature of the meat reached 80°C. Compressive strength was measured at 5 points per sample of meat after heat treatment using a rheometer (SUN RHEO METER CR-500DX, manufactured by Sun Science Co., Ltd.) (adapter diameter: 20.0 mm 2 , depth: 6.0 mm, measurement speed: 38 mm/min). The measurement was performed for 4 specimens (n=20), and the average value was calculated. The results are shown in FIG. The hardness of the meat immersed in the red salt koji composition was significantly lower than when the salt koji was used.

[実施例6]鶏モモ肉軟化処理試験
鶏モモ肉(日本産)約4kgを60~90g(厚さ1.5cm前後)の範囲の重さで切り出し、検体とした。検体重量に対し10重量%の各浸漬液(表1の塩麹、または表1の紅塩麹組成物)とともにジッパー付きの袋に入れ、空気をなるべく抜いて密閉後、冷蔵庫(約4℃)で24時間漬け込んだ。ここで浸漬液は、塩水としては12重量%の食塩水、塩麹としては表1の塩麹、紅塩麹としては表1の紅塩麹を使用した。
[Example 6] Chicken thigh softening treatment test About 4 kg of chicken thigh meat (produced in Japan) was cut into a weight in the range of 60 to 90 g (thickness of about 1.5 cm) and used as a specimen. 10% by weight of each immersion liquid (shio-koji in Table 1 or red salt-koji composition in Table 1) is placed in a zippered bag, air is removed as much as possible, and the bag is sealed, and then placed in a refrigerator (about 4°C). Soaked for 24 hours. Here, as the immersion liquid, 12% by weight salt water was used as salt water, salt koji in Table 1 was used as salt koji, and red salt koji in Table 1 was used as red salt koji.

浸漬処理後の肉を袋から取り出し、フライパンで弱火で60秒ごとに裏返しながら2分間加熱した。加熱処理後の肉を一口大に切り、実施例4と同様に、パネラーによる2点識別による官能評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。 After the soaking treatment, the meat was removed from the bag and heated in a frying pan over low heat for 2 minutes while turning the meat over every 60 seconds. After the heat treatment, the meat was cut into bite-sized pieces, and sensory evaluation was performed by a panelist in the same manner as in Example 4, based on two-point discrimination. Table 3 shows the results.

Figure 0007316041000003
以上のように、食塩、および紅麹または紅麹由来成分を含有する、食肉軟化用組成物は、食肉を軟化させる効果に優れ、その程度は従来技術を超える、優れたものである。

Figure 0007316041000003
As described above, the meat tenderizer composition containing salt and red yeast rice or a red yeast rice-derived component is excellent in the effect of softening meat, and the degree of this is superior to that of the prior art.

Claims (4)

(a)紅麹と食塩の重量比が、紅麹1に対して、食塩が0.01~5の紅塩麹組成物;または
(b)紅麹と食塩の重量比が、紅麹1に対して、食塩が0.1~12の紅麹粉末組成物
を含む、加熱処理前の食肉の軟化に使用するための、食肉軟化用組成物
(但し、Monascus purpureus KFRI1134菌株をLin’mediumに接種させて30℃で培養した培養液を蒸煮した白米に接種して30℃で15日間培養して乾燥した紅麹米の製造方法を除く)。
(a) A red yeast rice composition with a weight ratio of red yeast rice to salt of 1 to 0.01 to 5 salt to red yeast rice; or (b) a weight ratio of red yeast rice to salt of 1 red yeast rice. and a red yeast rice powder composition with a salt content of 0.1 to 12
A meat tenderizing composition for use in softening meat before heat treatment (however, the Monascus purpureus KFRI1134 strain is inoculated into Lin'medium and cultured at 30 ° C. The culture solution is steamed and inoculated into white rice except for the method for producing red yeast rice that is dried by culturing at 30°C for 15 days).
(a)紅麹、黄麹、食塩、および水を含有する紅塩麹組成物;または
(b)乾燥紅麹粉末、食塩、および水を含有する紅麹粉末組成物
を含有する、請求項1に記載の食肉軟化用組成物。
(a) a red yeast rice composition containing red yeast rice, yellow mold, salt, and water; or (b) a red yeast rice powder composition containing dried red yeast rice powder, salt, and water. A meat tenderizing composition as described.
食肉が鶏肉、豚肉または牛肉である、請求項1または2に記載の組成物。 3. A composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the meat is chicken, pork or beef. 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の食肉軟化用組成物を用いて食肉を軟化させる工程を含む、加工食肉の製造方法。 A method for producing processed meat, comprising a step of tenderizing meat using the meat tenderizer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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