JP7291368B2 - Vaginal stump suture aid - Google Patents

Vaginal stump suture aid Download PDF

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JP7291368B2
JP7291368B2 JP2018211432A JP2018211432A JP7291368B2 JP 7291368 B2 JP7291368 B2 JP 7291368B2 JP 2018211432 A JP2018211432 A JP 2018211432A JP 2018211432 A JP2018211432 A JP 2018211432A JP 7291368 B2 JP7291368 B2 JP 7291368B2
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vaginal stump
vagina
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JP2020075019A (en
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則仁 佐々木
研一 米谷
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ケン・メディカル株式会社
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本発明は、子宮摘出後の膣断端を縫合する際の補助具に関する。 The present invention relates to aids in suturing the vaginal cleft after a hysterectomy.

腹腔鏡下子宮摘出手術は、例えば下記の特許文献１に示された子宮マニピュレータを用いて行われる。具体的には、膣に子宮マニピュレータを挿入して子宮を所定の姿勢で保持した状態で、腹腔鏡を用いてレーザメス等で膣円蓋を切開することにより子宮を切離し、切離した子宮を腹腔内から摘出する。 Laparoscopic hysterectomy is performed using, for example, a uterine manipulator disclosed in Patent Document 1 below. Specifically, a uterine manipulator is inserted into the vagina to hold the uterus in a predetermined position, and then the uterus is dissected by incising the vault of the vagina with a laser scalpel or the like using a laparoscope. extract from

特表平１０－５０７３８４号公報Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-507384

子宮を摘出した後、膣の切断開口部（膣断端）が閉鎖縫合されるが、膣断端の場所を確認しながら縫合する作業は容易ではない。また、膣断端の縫合は、気腹ガスで腹腔を膨らませた状態で行われるため、この気腹ガスの膣からの漏れだしを防止する措置を講じる必要がある。例えば、上記の子宮マニピュレータからバルーンを取り外し、このバルーンを膣内に挿入して膨らませることで膣からの気腹ガスの漏れ出しを防止することもある。しかし、子宮マニピュレータからバルーンを取り外す手間がかかる上、縫合用の針がバルーンに刺さらないように気を付けながら縫合する必要があるため、縫合がしにくい。 After removing the uterus, the cut opening of the vagina (vaginal stump) is sutured closed, but it is not easy to suture while confirming the location of the vaginal stump. In addition, since the vaginal stump is sutured while the abdominal cavity is inflated with pneumoperitoneum gas, it is necessary to take measures to prevent this pneumoperitoneum gas from leaking out of the vagina. For example, a balloon may be removed from the uterine manipulator, inserted into the vagina and inflated to prevent leakage of pneumoperitoneum gas from the vagina. However, it takes time and effort to remove the balloon from the uterine manipulator, and suturing is difficult because it is necessary to take care not to pierce the balloon with the suturing needle.

そこで、本発明は、子宮摘出後の膣断端の縫合を容易化すると共に、縫合時の膣からの気腹ガスの漏れ出しを防止することを目的とする。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to facilitate the suturing of the vaginal stump after hysterectomy and to prevent leakage of pneumoperitoneum gas from the vagina during suturing.

前記課題を解決するために、本発明は、膣の開口部から挿入され、先端で膣断端を内側から支持する略円筒状の本体と、前記本体の基端に設けられたグリップとを備えた膣断端縫合補助具であって、前記本体の外周面に、前記先端よりも大径なガス漏れ防止部が設けられた膣断端縫合補助具を提供する。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention comprises a substantially cylindrical main body that is inserted from the opening of the vagina and supports the vaginal stump from the inside at the distal end, and a grip provided at the proximal end of the main body. A vaginal stump suturing aid, wherein a gas leakage preventing portion having a larger diameter than the tip is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main body.

子宮を摘出した後、膣断端を縫合する際、上記の膣断端縫合補助具のグリップを持って略円筒状の本体を膣の開口部から挿入し、本体の先端で膣断端を支持することにより、膣断端の場所が分かりやすくなり、縫合が容易化される。また、本体の外周面に、先端より大径なガス漏れ防止部を設け、このガス漏れ防止部を膣の内壁に密着させることで、膣からの気腹ガスの漏れ出しを防止することができる。 When suturing the vaginal stump after removing the uterus, hold the grip of the above-mentioned vaginal stump suturing aid and insert the approximately cylindrical main body through the opening of the vagina, and support the vaginal stump with the tip of the main body. This makes it easier to locate the vaginal stump and facilitate suturing. In addition, by providing a gas leakage prevention portion with a larger diameter than the tip on the outer peripheral surface of the main body and closely contacting this gas leakage prevention portion with the inner wall of the vagina, it is possible to prevent pneumoperitoneum gas from leaking out of the vagina. .

ガス漏れ防止部としては、例えば、本体の外周面に環状突起を設けることができる。このとき、環状突起を本体の周方向（すなわち、本体の軸心と直交する円形）に設けると、本体を膣に挿入する際、環状突起が膣の内壁に引っかかって挿入が阻害される恐れがある。そこで、環状突起を、本体の軸心と直交する面に対して傾斜した楕円形とすれば、環状突起が膣の内壁に引っかかりにくくなるため、本体の挿入がしやすくなる。 As the gas leakage prevention part, for example, an annular projection can be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main body. At this time, if the annular projection is provided in the circumferential direction of the main body (that is, in a circular shape perpendicular to the axis of the main body), when the main body is inserted into the vagina, the annular projection may get caught on the inner wall of the vagina and hinder insertion. be. Therefore, if the annular projection is formed in an elliptical shape that is inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axis of the main body, the annular projection is less likely to get caught on the inner wall of the vagina, making it easier to insert the main body.

また、ガス漏れ防止部として、本体の外周面に、基端へ向けて徐々に拡径したテーパ面を設けることができる。このテーパ面を膣の内周に挿入することにより、先端よりも大径な部分が膣の内周面と密着するため、膣の内周面と本体の外周面との間からのガス漏れを規制することができる。 Further, as the gas leakage prevention portion, a tapered surface whose diameter gradually increases toward the base end can be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main body. By inserting this tapered surface into the inner circumference of the vagina, the portion larger in diameter than the tip comes into close contact with the inner circumference of the vagina, preventing gas leakage from between the inner circumference of the vagina and the outer circumference of the body. can be regulated.

以上のように、本発明の膣断端縫合補助具を用いれば、子宮摘出後の膣断端の縫合が容易化されると共に、縫合時の膣からの気腹ガスの漏れ出しを防止することができる。 As described above, if the vaginal stump suturing aid of the present invention is used, the suturing of the vaginal stump after hysterectomy can be facilitated, and pneumoperitoneum gas can be prevented from leaking out from the vagina during suturing. can be done.

本発明の一実施形態に係る膣断端縫合補助具の斜視図である。1 is a perspective view of a vaginal stump suturing aid according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 上記の膣断端縫合補助具の側面図である。Fig. 3 is a side view of the vaginal stump suturing aid described above; 上記の膣断端縫合補助具の断面図である。Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the vaginal stump suturing aid described above. 図３の拡大図である。4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 3; FIG. 上記の膣断端縫合補助具の使用状態を示す断面図である。Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of use of the vaginal stump suturing aid.

本発明の一実施形態に係る膣断端縫合補助具１は、図１に示すように、先端１０ａが開口した略円筒状の本体１０を有する。本体１０の先端１０ａは、例えば図２に示すように、本体１０の軸心と直交する面に対して傾斜した面上に形成される。本体１０の基端には、グリップ３が設けられる。本体１０は樹脂で一体成形され、本実施形態では、本体１０及びグリップ２０が樹脂で一体成形されている。尚、以下の説明では、本体１０の軸心方向（図２の左右方向）を「軸方向」と言う。 As shown in FIG. 1, a vaginal stump suturing aid 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention has a substantially cylindrical main body 10 with an open tip 10a. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the tip 10a of the main body 10 is formed on a plane that is inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the main body 10. As shown in FIG. A grip 3 is provided at the proximal end of the main body 10 . The main body 10 is integrally molded of resin, and in this embodiment, the main body 10 and the grip 20 are integrally molded of resin. In the following description, the axial direction of the main body 10 (horizontal direction in FIG. 2) is called "axial direction".

本体１０は、先端１０ａを含む領域に設けられた円筒状の小径部１１と、基端を含む領域に設けられ、小径部１１よりも大径な円筒状の大径部１２と、これらを連続する円すい状のテーパ部１３とを備える。本体１０の外径は、患者の膣の大きさに合わせて設定される。換言すると、径が異なる複数種の膣断端縫合補助具１を用意しておき、患者の膣の大きさに合った外径の膣断端縫合補助具１を使用する。本体１０のうち、グリップ２０よりも先端側の領域が、膣内に挿入され得る有効領域Ｌとなる（図２参照）。 The body 10 has a cylindrical small-diameter portion 11 provided in a region including the distal end 10a, a cylindrical large-diameter portion 12 provided in a region including the proximal end and having a larger diameter than the small-diameter portion 11, and these are continuous. and a conical tapered portion 13 that The outer diameter of the main body 10 is set according to the size of the patient's vagina. In other words, a plurality of types of vaginal stump suturing aids 1 having different diameters are prepared, and the vaginal stump suturing aid 1 having an outer diameter that matches the size of the patient's vagina is used. A region of the body 10 closer to the distal end than the grip 20 is an effective region L that can be inserted into the vagina (see FIG. 2).

本体１０には、図３に示すように、軸方向に貫通する内孔１５が設けられる。図示例では、本体１０の基端に設けられた内孔１５の開口部を閉塞する蓋部材１６が設けられる。蓋部材１６は、例えば樹脂で形成され、ねじ締結や圧入等の適宜の手段で本体１０に固定される。尚、蓋部材１６は、上記のように本体１０と別体に形成する他、本体１０と一体成形してもよい。 The main body 10 is provided with an inner hole 15 extending therethrough in the axial direction, as shown in FIG. In the illustrated example, a lid member 16 is provided to close the opening of an inner hole 15 provided at the proximal end of the main body 10 . The cover member 16 is made of resin, for example, and fixed to the main body 10 by appropriate means such as screw fastening or press-fitting. The lid member 16 may be formed separately from the main body 10 as described above, or may be integrally formed with the main body 10 .

本体１０には、図１に示すように、円筒状の外周面から外径に突出した環状突起１４が設けられる。この環状突起１４が、気腹ガスの外部への漏れだしを防止する第１のガス漏れ防止部として機能する。図示例では、小径部１１の外周面の軸方向に離隔した複数箇所に環状突起１４が設けられる。各環状突起１４は、本体１０の外周全周に連続して設けられる。各環状突起１４は、軸方向に直交する面に対して傾斜した楕円形を成している。図示例では、複数の環状突起１４が平行に設けられ、特に、先端１０ａと平行な面上に設けられている。図４に示すように、小径部１１の円筒状外周面に対する環状突起１４の半径方向の突出量Ｈ１～Ｈ４は、基端側に行くほど徐々に大きくなっている（Ｈ１＜Ｈ２＜Ｈ３＜Ｈ４）。 As shown in FIG. 1, the main body 10 is provided with an annular protrusion 14 protruding from the cylindrical outer peripheral surface to the outer diameter. This annular projection 14 functions as a first gas leakage preventing portion that prevents pneumoperitoneum gas from leaking to the outside. In the illustrated example, annular protrusions 14 are provided at a plurality of locations on the outer peripheral surface of the small-diameter portion 11 that are spaced apart in the axial direction. Each annular protrusion 14 is continuously provided around the entire outer circumference of the main body 10 . Each annular projection 14 has an elliptical shape that is inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axial direction. In the illustrated example, a plurality of annular protrusions 14 are provided in parallel, particularly on a plane parallel to the tip 10a. As shown in FIG. 4, the radial projection amounts H1 to H4 of the annular projection 14 with respect to the cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the small-diameter portion 11 gradually increase toward the base end (H1<H2<H3<H4 ).

本体１０のテーパ部１３の外周面（テーパ面１３ａ）は、気腹ガスの外部への漏れだしを防止する第２のガス漏れ防止部として機能する。テーパ面１３ａは、基端側へ行くにつれて徐々に大径となっている。テーパ面１３ａの最大径（すなわち、大径部１２の外径）は、例えば小径部１１の外径の１１０～１３０％の範囲に設定される。図示例では、テーパ面１３ａの最大径が、複数の環状突起１４のうちの最小径の環状突起１４（突出量Ｈ１）よりも大径に設定され、具体的には、複数の環状突起１４のうちの最大径の環状突起１４（突出量Ｈ４）と同程度に設定される。テーパ面１３ａは、環状突起１４とグリップ２０との間の軸方向領域に設けられる。テーパ面１３ａの軸方向寸法は、比較的大きく設定され、例えば本体１０の有効領域Ｌの軸方向寸法の２０％以上に設定される。これにより、テーパ面１３ａの母線の軸方向に対する傾斜角度が小さくなり、基端へ向けて外径が緩やかに大きくなる形状が得られる。 The outer peripheral surface (tapered surface 13a) of the tapered portion 13 of the main body 10 functions as a second gas leakage prevention portion that prevents pneumoperitoneum gas from leaking to the outside. The tapered surface 13a gradually increases in diameter toward the base end. The maximum diameter of the tapered surface 13a (that is, the outer diameter of the large diameter portion 12) is set within a range of 110 to 130% of the outer diameter of the small diameter portion 11, for example. In the illustrated example, the maximum diameter of the tapered surface 13a is set to be larger than the smallest diameter annular projection 14 (protrusion amount H1) among the plurality of annular projections 14. It is set to be approximately the same as the annular protrusion 14 (protrusion amount H4) having the largest diameter. A tapered surface 13 a is provided in the axial region between the annular projection 14 and the grip 20 . The axial dimension of the tapered surface 13a is set relatively large, for example, 20% or more of the axial dimension of the effective area L of the main body 10. As shown in FIG. As a result, the inclination angle of the tapered surface 13a with respect to the axial direction of the generatrix becomes small, and a shape in which the outer diameter gradually increases toward the proximal end is obtained.

図５は、子宮１０１（点線で示す）を摘出した後の腹腔内の断面図であり、図中上側が腹部側、図中下側が背部側である。子宮１０１を摘出した後、膣１０２の切断開口部（膣断端１０２ａ）を腹腔鏡下手術により腹部側から縫合する。 FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the abdominal cavity after removal of the uterus 101 (indicated by a dotted line), the upper side of the drawing being the abdomen side and the lower side being the back side. After the uterus 101 is removed, the cut opening (vaginal stump 102a) of the vagina 102 is sutured from the abdominal side by laparoscopic surgery.

具体的には、まず、施術者が、膣断端縫合補助具１のグリップ２０を掴んで、膣１０２の自然開口部に本体１０の先端１０ａを挿入する。このとき、膣断端縫合補助具１の本体１０の外周面に環状突起１４が設けられているため、本体１０の膣１０２内への挿入が阻害されることが懸念される。本実施形態では、環状突起１４が軸方向（すなわち本体１０の挿入方向）と直交する面に対して傾斜しているため、環状突起１４が膣１０２の内壁に引っかかりにくくなる。さらに、複数の環状突起１４の外径（突出量Ｈ１～Ｈ４：図４参照）が基端側ほど大きくなっているため、先に外径の小さな環状突起１４が挿入された後、少しずつ外径の大きな環状突起１４が順に挿入され、これにより環状突起１４が膣１０２の内壁にさらに引っかかりにくくなる。以上により、環状突起１４を有する本体１０を膣１０２内にスムーズに挿入することができる。 Specifically, first, the practitioner grasps the grip 20 of the vaginal stump suturing aid 1 and inserts the tip 10 a of the main body 10 into the natural opening of the vagina 102 . At this time, since the annular projection 14 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main body 10 of the vaginal stump suturing aid 1, there is concern that the insertion of the main body 10 into the vagina 102 may be hindered. In this embodiment, since the annular projection 14 is inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axial direction (that is, the insertion direction of the main body 10), the annular projection 14 is less likely to get caught on the inner wall of the vagina 102. Furthermore, since the outer diameters (protrusion amounts H1 to H4: see FIG. 4) of the plurality of annular projections 14 increase toward the base end side, the annular projections 14 having smaller outer diameters are inserted first, and then gradually The annular protrusion 14 having a larger diameter is inserted in turn, thereby making it more difficult for the annular protrusion 14 to get caught on the inner wall of the vagina 102 . As described above, the main body 10 having the annular protrusion 14 can be smoothly inserted into the vagina 102 .

こうして膣１０２に挿入された本体１０の先端１０ａで、膣断端１０２ａが膣１０２の内側から支持される。この状態で、腹腔内に気腹ガスを充填する。このとき、本体１０の外周面は膣１０２の内壁に密着しているが、これらの間から気腹ガスが外部へ漏れ出すことが懸念される。本実施形態では、本体１０の外周面に、先端１０ａの外径（すなわち、小径部１１の円筒状外周面の外径）よりも大径な環状突起１４が設けられ、この環状突起１４が膣１０２の内壁に密着することで、気腹ガスの外部への漏れ出しが規制される。特に、図示例では、本体１０の外周面に複数の環状突起１４が設けられるため、ガス漏れ防止効果が高められる。さらに、本体１０の外周面に、小径部１１の外周面から徐々に拡径したテーパ面１３ａが設けられ、このテーパ面１３ａが膣１０２の内壁に密着することで、気腹ガスの外部への漏れ出しがより確実に規制される。 The vaginal stump 102a is supported from the inside of the vagina 102 by the distal end 10a of the main body 10 inserted into the vagina 102 in this way. In this state, the abdominal cavity is filled with pneumoperitoneum gas. At this time, the outer peripheral surface of the main body 10 is in close contact with the inner wall of the vagina 102, but there is concern that pneumoperitoneum gas may leak out from between them. In this embodiment, the outer peripheral surface of the body 10 is provided with an annular projection 14 having a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the tip 10a (that is, the outer diameter of the cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the small diameter portion 11), and the annular projection 14 is attached to the vagina. By adhering to the inner wall of 102, leakage of pneumoperitoneum gas to the outside is regulated. In particular, in the illustrated example, since a plurality of annular projections 14 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main body 10, the effect of preventing gas leakage is enhanced. Further, the outer peripheral surface of the body 10 is provided with a tapered surface 13a that gradually expands in diameter from the outer peripheral surface of the small diameter portion 11, and the tapered surface 13a is in close contact with the inner wall of the vagina 102, so that the pneumoperitoneum gas is directed to the outside. Leakage is regulated more reliably.

上記の環状突起１４（第１のガス漏れ防止部）及びテーパ面１３ａ（第２のガス漏れ防止部）は、何れか一方のみを設けた場合でも効果はあるが、本実施形態のように両方設けた方が効果が高い。本実施形態では、本体１０の外周面が、膣１０２の膣断端１０２ａから自然開口部に至る略全域に密着しているため、この外周面に、複数の楕円形の環状突起１４とテーパ面１３ａとを軸方向に並べて設けることができる。 The annular projection 14 (first gas leakage prevention portion) and the tapered surface 13a (second gas leakage prevention portion) described above are effective even when only one of them is provided. It is more effective to set In this embodiment, since the outer peripheral surface of the main body 10 is in close contact with substantially the entire area from the vaginal stump 102a of the vagina 102 to the natural opening, the outer peripheral surface has a plurality of elliptical annular projections 14 and a tapered surface. 13a can be arranged side by side in the axial direction.

そして、施術者が、腹腔鏡を用いて腹部側から膣断端１０２ａを縫合する。このとき、膣断端１０２ａが、膣断端縫合補助具１の本体１０の先端１０ａで内側から支持されているため、膣断端１０２ａの場所を確認しやすい。特に、図５に示すように、本体１０の先端１０ａのうち、基端側に後退した部分が上側（腹部側）となるように、本体１０を配置することで、膣断端１０２ａ（特に背部側部分）が腹部側から見えやすくなる。また、本体１０の先端１０ａで膣断端１０２ａを支持することで、膣断端１０２ａの組織が引っ張られるため、膣断端１０２ａに縫合針を刺しやすくなる。以上により、腹部側からの膣断端１０２ａの縫合が容易化される。 Then, the practitioner sutures the vaginal stump 102a from the abdominal side using a laparoscope. At this time, since the vaginal stump 102a is supported from the inside by the distal end 10a of the main body 10 of the vaginal stump suturing aid 1, it is easy to confirm the location of the vaginal stump 102a. In particular, as shown in FIG. 5, by arranging the main body 10 so that the portion of the distal end 10a of the main body 10 that is receded toward the proximal side is on the upper side (abdominal side), the vaginal stump 102a (especially the dorsal Lateral part) becomes easier to see from the abdominal side. In addition, by supporting the vaginal stump 102a with the distal end 10a of the main body 10, the tissue of the vaginal stump 102a is pulled, making it easier to pierce the vaginal stump 102a with a suture needle. As described above, the suturing of the vaginal stump 102a from the abdominal side is facilitated.

本発明は上記の実施形態に限られない。例えば、上記の実施形態では、環状突起１４が４箇所に設けられた場合を示したが、これに限らず、環状突起１４を３箇所以下、あるいは５箇所以上に設けてもよい。また、上記の実施形態では、小径部１１の外周面に環状突起１４を設けているが、これに代えてあるいはこれに加えて、テーパ面１３ａや大径部１２の外周面に環状突起を設けてもよい。 The invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the annular projections 14 are provided at four locations, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the annular projections 14 may be provided at three locations or less, or at five locations or more. Further, in the above embodiment, the annular protrusion 14 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the small diameter portion 11, but instead of or in addition to this, an annular protrusion is provided on the tapered surface 13a and the outer peripheral surface of the large diameter portion 12. may

１ 膣断端縫合補助具
３ グリップ
１０ 本体
１０ａ 先端
１１ 小径部
１２ 大径部
１３ テーパ部
１３ａ テーパ面（第２のガス漏れ防止部）
１４ 環状突起（第１のガス漏れ防止部）
１５ 内孔
１６ 蓋部材
２０ グリップ
１０１ 子宮
１０２ 膣
１０２ａ 膣断端
Ｌ 有効領域 1 Vaginal stump suture aid 3 Grip 10 Main body 10a Tip 11 Small diameter portion 12 Large diameter portion 13 Tapered portion 13a Tapered surface (second gas leakage prevention portion)
14 Annular projection (first gas leakage prevention part)
15 Inner hole 16 Lid member 20 Grip 101 Uterus 102 Vagina 102a Vaginal stump L Effective area

Claims (2)

膣の開口部から挿入され、先端で膣断端を内側から支持する略円筒状の本体と、前記本体の基端に設けられたグリップとを備えた膣断端縫合補助具であって、
前記本体の外周面に、前記先端よりも大径な環状突起が設けられ、
前記環状突起が、前記本体の軸心と直交する面に対して傾斜した面上に形成され、
前記本体の外周面に対する前記環状突起の半径方向の突出量が、基端側に行くほど徐々に大きくなっている膣断端縫合補助具。 A vaginal stump suturing aid comprising a substantially cylindrical body that is inserted from the opening of the vagina and supports the vaginal stump from the inside at its distal end, and a grip provided at the proximal end of the body,
An annular protrusion having a larger diameter than the tip is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the main body,
the annular projection is formed on a plane inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the main body;
A vaginal stump suturing aid, wherein the amount of radial projection of the annular projection with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the main body gradually increases toward the base end side. 前記本体の外周面に、基端へ向けて徐々に拡径したテーパ面が設けられた請求項１に記載の膣断端縫合補助具。 2. A device for suturing the vaginal stump according to claim 1, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the main body is provided with a tapered surface whose diameter gradually increases toward the proximal end.
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US20120247481A1 (en) 2009-10-02 2012-10-04 Eastern Virginia Medical School Cervical occluder
JP5344978B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2013-11-20 パナソニック株式会社 Directional pattern determination method

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JP2004041395A (en) * 2002-07-11 2004-02-12 Hakko Medical:Kk Transvaginal tube
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EP2996588B1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2023-08-30 Ahluwalia, Prabhat K. Uterine manipulator
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JP5344978B2 (en) 2009-04-22 2013-11-20 パナソニック株式会社 Directional pattern determination method
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