JP7279501B2 - Fly ash processing device and fly ash processing method - Google Patents

Fly ash processing device and fly ash processing method Download PDF

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JP7279501B2
JP7279501B2 JP2019090984A JP2019090984A JP7279501B2 JP 7279501 B2 JP7279501 B2 JP 7279501B2 JP 2019090984 A JP2019090984 A JP 2019090984A JP 2019090984 A JP2019090984 A JP 2019090984A JP 7279501 B2 JP7279501 B2 JP 7279501B2
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直明 藤吉
田野 韓
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4226Fan casings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/281Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for fans or blowers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/422Discharge tongues
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/1613Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
    • G06F1/1633Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
    • G06F1/1656Details related to functional adaptations of the enclosure, e.g. to provide protection against EMI, shock, water, or to host detachable peripherals like a mouse or removable expansions units like PCMCIA cards, or to provide access to internal components for maintenance or to removable storage supports like CDs or DVDs, or to mechanically mount accessories
    • G06F1/1658Details related to functional adaptations of the enclosure, e.g. to provide protection against EMI, shock, water, or to host detachable peripherals like a mouse or removable expansions units like PCMCIA cards, or to provide access to internal components for maintenance or to removable storage supports like CDs or DVDs, or to mechanically mount accessories related to the mounting of internal components, e.g. disc drive or any other functional module
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/20Cooling means
    • G06F1/206Cooling means comprising thermal management
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2200/00Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/04 - G06F1/32
    • G06F2200/20Indexing scheme relating to G06F1/20
    • G06F2200/201Cooling arrangements using cooling fluid

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Description

本発明は、飛灰処理装置および飛灰処理方法に関し、特に、飛灰を処理するに際し飛灰の適正な処理を阻害するトラブルが発生した場合であっても、より高い信頼性をもって飛灰中の重金属を不溶化できる飛灰の処理装置および処理方法に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fly ash processing apparatus and a fly ash processing method, and in particular, even when trouble occurs during processing of fly ash that hinders proper processing of fly ash, the fly ash can be processed with higher reliability. It relates to a fly ash processing apparatus and processing method that can insolubilize heavy metals.

廃棄物を焼却して発生する排ガスは、塩化水素や硫黄酸化物を含む酸性ガスである。従来、このような排ガスは、消石灰や重曹等の排ガス処理剤で処理し、その後、固形物である飛灰をバグフィルター等の集塵機で除塵した後、煙突から排出している。 Exhaust gas generated by incinerating waste is acid gas containing hydrogen chloride and sulfur oxides. Conventionally, such exhaust gas is treated with an exhaust gas treatment agent such as slaked lime or sodium bicarbonate, and then the solid fly ash is removed by a dust collector such as a bag filter before being discharged from a chimney.

一方で、集塵機で回収された飛灰には、通常、鉛、カドミウム、ヒ素、セレン、クロムなどの重金属が含まれている。そのため、飛灰は、廃棄物処理法により特別管理一般廃棄物に指定されており、重金属が溶出しないように固定化(無害化)処理を施した後、埋め立てなどにより処分することが義務づけられている。 On the other hand, fly ash collected by dust collectors usually contains heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium and chromium. For this reason, fly ash is designated as a specially controlled general waste under the Waste Management and Public Cleansing Law, and it is obligatory to dispose of it by landfilling after fixing (detoxifying) it so that heavy metals do not elute. there is

飛灰に含まれる重金属を固定するための飛灰処理剤としては、例えば、特許文献1には、リン酸系化合物、二酸化ケイ素系化合物、鉄含有化合物や、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸等の酸性中和剤等の無機系重金属固定剤が開示されている。 As fly ash treatment agents for fixing heavy metals contained in fly ash, for example, Patent Document 1 describes phosphoric acid compounds, silicon dioxide compounds, iron-containing compounds, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc. Inorganic heavy metal fixatives such as admixtures are disclosed.

このような飛灰処理剤は、飛灰処理のバッチごとまたは特定の飛灰量ごとに一定量を添加する場合があるが、この場合、飛灰の灰性状によって、飛灰を処理するのに最適な飛灰処理剤の量は変動するため、一定量の飛灰処理剤の添加は、特定の飛灰量の処理であっても、飛灰を無害化処理するのに過剰であるため、環境面やコスト面で非効率的であった。このため、近年では、飛灰の適正処理や処理剤使用量の削減の観点から、処理前に飛灰の一部を採取して分析し、必要な処理剤の添加量を見積もって、その量の処理剤を添加する方法が提案されている。 Such a fly ash treatment agent may be added in a fixed amount for each batch of fly ash treatment or for each specific amount of fly ash. Since the optimum amount of fly ash treatment agent fluctuates, adding a certain amount of fly ash treatment agent is excessive to detoxify fly ash even if it is a specific amount of fly ash treatment. It was environmentally and cost inefficient. For this reason, in recent years, from the viewpoint of appropriate treatment of fly ash and reduction of the amount of treatment agent used, a part of fly ash is sampled and analyzed before treatment, and the amount of treatment agent to be added is estimated, and that amount A method of adding a processing agent has been proposed.

例えば、特許文献2には、飛灰処理剤としてキレート剤を用いるとともに、飛灰の一部を採取し、その飛灰とキレート剤とを混合して得られた水溶液の吸光度を測定し、その吸光度に基づき飛灰に添加する飛灰処理剤としての重金属固定剤の量を決定する方法が開示されている。 For example, in Patent Document 2, a chelating agent is used as a fly ash treatment agent, a part of the fly ash is collected, and the absorbance of an aqueous solution obtained by mixing the fly ash and the chelating agent is measured. A method is disclosed for determining the amount of heavy metal fixative as a fly ash treating agent to be added to fly ash based on absorbance.

特開2016-159269号公報JP 2016-159269 A 特開2016-49481号公報JP 2016-49481 A

特許文献2の処理方法では、処理する飛灰の性状に対応させて飛灰処理剤の添加量を見積もるため、飛灰処理剤を一定量添加する場合と比べて過不足を少なくして、飛灰処理剤の添加量をある程度までは正確に見積もることができる。実際に飛灰の処理を行う場合には、例えば、飛灰処理剤の最小添加量を見積もった後、安全係数などを考慮して、飛灰処理剤の最小必要量に一定割合を加えた量を適正添加量として添加し、飛灰処理剤の不足を防止している。しかしながら、本発明者らは、このような方法では、例えば、飛灰処理装置の不具合や故障が発生して、飛灰や飛灰処理剤の供給量が指示と異なって供給されたり、あるいは、供給される飛灰の性状が大きく変化したりしたときなどでは、飛灰処理剤の添加量に過不足が生じる場合があることを見出した。そして、飛灰処理剤の添加量が適正添加量よりも多い場合には、飛灰処理剤のコストが増加し、また、特許文献2のように飛灰処理剤としてキレート剤を用いる場合には、飛灰中に有機物である飛灰処理剤が残留して、処理した飛灰を管理型埋立て処分場に処分した際に、溶け出た残留キレート剤が浸出水処理工程において、硝化阻害やCOD負荷上昇の問題が生じる。一方で、飛灰処理剤の添加量が適正添加量よりも少ない場合には、飛灰中に未固定の重金属が残留し、その結果として、重金属の溶出が廃棄物処理法に定める特別管理廃棄物の判定基準を超える可能性がある。このため、飛灰処理剤により処理した後の飛灰を埋め立て処分したときの負荷をより低減するため、飛灰の処理方法については、更なる改良の余地があった。 In the treatment method of Patent Document 2, the amount of the fly ash treatment agent to be added is estimated in accordance with the properties of the fly ash to be treated, so compared to adding a fixed amount of the fly ash treatment agent, the excess and deficiency are reduced. The amount of ash treating agent to be added can be estimated with some accuracy. When actually treating fly ash, for example, after estimating the minimum amount of fly ash treatment agent to be added, the amount obtained by adding a certain percentage to the minimum required amount of fly ash treatment agent in consideration of safety factors, etc. is added as an appropriate amount to prevent shortage of fly ash treatment agent. However, the present inventors have found that in such a method, for example, a malfunction or failure of the fly ash treatment device occurs, and the amount of fly ash or fly ash treatment agent supplied is different from the instruction, or When the properties of the supplied fly ash are greatly changed, it has been found that the amount of the fly ash treatment agent added may be too much or too little. If the amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is larger than the appropriate addition amount, the cost of the fly ash treatment agent increases, and when a chelating agent is used as the fly ash treatment agent as in Patent Document 2, When the fly ash treatment agent, which is an organic substance, remains in the fly ash, and the treated fly ash is disposed of at a controlled landfill disposal site, the residual chelating agent that dissolves inhibits nitrification and inhibits nitrification in the leachate treatment process. A problem of COD load rise arises. On the other hand, if the amount of fly ash treatment agent added is less than the appropriate amount, unfixed heavy metals will remain in the fly ash. There is a possibility of exceeding the judgment standard of the object. Therefore, there is room for further improvement in the method of treating fly ash in order to further reduce the load when landfilling fly ash after treatment with a fly ash treatment agent.

本発明は、以上の実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、飛灰を処理するに際し、飛灰の性状などの処理条件の違いによって、飛灰を適正処理するのに必要な飛灰処理剤の適正な添加量が変動した場合であっても、効率的に飛灰中の重金属を固定化して、飛灰処理剤により処理した後の飛灰を埋め立て処分したときの環境への負荷を、より一層低減することができる、飛灰の処理装置および処理方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and when treating fly ash, due to differences in treatment conditions such as the properties of fly ash, the fly ash treatment agent necessary for proper treatment of fly ash. Even if the appropriate amount of addition fluctuates, the heavy metals in the fly ash are efficiently immobilized, and the environmental load when landfilling the fly ash after treatment with a fly ash treatment agent is reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide a fly ash processing apparatus and a processing method that can further reduce fly ash.

本発明者らは、以上の目的を達成するために鋭意研究を重ねた。その結果、飛灰を貯留し供給する飛灰供給部と、飛灰処理剤を貯留し供給する飛灰処理剤供給部と、前記飛灰供給部から飛灰を供給するとともに、飛灰処理剤供給部から飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するための飛灰処理部と、飛灰処理剤の添加を、飛灰処理剤供給部に指示する飛灰処理剤添加管理部と、を備える飛灰処理装置において、飛灰処理剤添加管理部は、飛灰を採取する処理前飛灰採取部と、飛灰処理部で処理する前の飛灰の性状を計測する処理前飛灰分析部と、飛灰処理部で処理した後の飛灰の処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析部と、を有し、処理前飛灰分析部は、処理前飛灰採取部で採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、飛灰処理剤が、適正添加量範囲内で飛灰処理部に添加されるように前記飛灰処理剤供給部に指示し、処理後飛灰分析部は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定することにより、飛灰を処理するに際し、飛灰の性状などの処理条件の違いによって、飛灰を適正処理するのに必要な飛灰処理剤の適正な添加量が変動した場合であっても、飛灰処理剤により処理した後の飛灰を埋め立てるに際して、環境への負荷をより低減して重金属を固定化できる飛灰の処理装置および処理方法を提供できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。具体的に、本発明は以下のものを提供する。 The present inventors have made intensive studies to achieve the above objects. As a result, a fly ash supply unit that stores and supplies fly ash, a fly ash treatment agent supply unit that stores and supplies a fly ash treatment agent, and supplies fly ash from the fly ash supply unit, and a fly ash treatment agent A fly ash processing unit for processing fly ash by adding a fly ash processing agent from the supply unit, and a fly ash processing agent addition management unit for instructing the addition of the fly ash processing agent to the fly ash processing agent supply unit. , In the fly ash processing device, the fly ash processing agent addition management unit includes a pre-processing fly ash collection unit that collects fly ash and a pre-processing fly ash collection unit that measures the properties of fly ash before processing in the fly ash processing unit. An ash analysis unit and a post-processing fly ash analysis unit that measures the processing state of fly ash after processing in the fly ash processing unit, and the pre-processing fly ash analysis unit is collected by the pre-processing fly ash collection unit. Based on the properties of the fly ash, set the appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment, so that the fly ash treatment agent is added to the fly ash treatment part within the appropriate addition amount range. Instruct the fly ash treatment agent supply unit, and the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit determines whether or not landfill disposal is possible based on the measurement result of the processing state of the treated fly ash, When processing the fly ash, Even if the appropriate amount of fly ash treatment agent required for appropriate treatment of fly ash fluctuates due to differences in treatment conditions such as fly ash properties, The inventors have found that it is possible to provide a fly ash processing apparatus and a processing method that can immobilize heavy metals while reducing the burden on the environment when ash is landfilled, and have completed the present invention. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.

(1)飛灰を貯留し供給する飛灰供給部と、飛灰処理剤を貯留し供給する飛灰処理剤供給部と、前記飛灰供給部から飛灰を供給するとともに、前記飛灰処理剤供給部から飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するための飛灰処理部と、前記飛灰処理剤の添加を、前記飛灰処理剤供給部に指示する飛灰処理剤添加管理部と、を備える飛灰処理装置であって、前記飛灰処理剤添加管理部は、飛灰を採取する処理前飛灰採取部と、処理前飛灰分析部と、前記飛灰処理部で処理した飛灰の処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析部と、を有し、前記処理前飛灰分析部は、前記処理前飛灰採取部で採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、前記飛灰処理剤が、前記適正添加量範囲内で前記飛灰処理部に添加されるように前記飛灰処理剤供給部に指示し、前記処理後飛灰分析部は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定する、飛灰処理装置。 (1) A fly ash supply unit that stores and supplies fly ash, a fly ash treatment agent supply unit that stores and supplies a fly ash treatment agent, and supplies fly ash from the fly ash supply unit, and the fly ash treatment A fly ash processing unit for processing fly ash by adding a fly ash processing agent from the agent supply unit, and a fly ash processing agent addition for instructing the addition of the fly ash processing agent to the fly ash processing agent supply unit. A fly ash processing apparatus comprising a management unit, wherein the fly ash treatment agent addition management unit includes a pre-treatment fly ash collection unit for collecting fly ash, a pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit, and the fly ash processing unit. and a post-treatment fly ash analysis unit that measures the processing state of the fly ash treated with, and the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit is based on the properties of the fly ash collected in the pre-treatment fly ash collection unit, An appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent necessary for fly ash treatment is set, and the fly ash treatment agent is supplied so that it is added to the fly ash treatment part within the appropriate addition amount range. section, and the post-treatment fly ash analysis section determines whether or not landfill disposal is possible based on the measurement result of the processing state of the processed fly ash.

(2)前記処理後飛灰分析部での埋め立て処分の可否は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、前記飛灰処理部への前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、前記適正添加量範囲内にあるか否かで判定するは、前記処理した飛灰の処理状態を計測した結果に基づいて、前記飛灰処理剤の過不足、実際の添加量を算出し、前記実際の添加量が、前記適正添加量範囲内に属するか否かを判定することによって処理した飛灰の処理状態の埋め立て処分の可否を判定する、上記(1)に記載の飛灰処理装置。 (2) The propriety of landfill disposal in the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit is based on the measurement result of the processing state of the treated fly ash, and the actual amount of the fly ash processing agent added to the fly ash processing unit. Calculated and determined by whether the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is within the appropriate addition amount range is based on the results of measuring the treated state of the treated fly ash. Calculate the excess or deficiency of the fly ash treatment agent and the actual amount of addition, and determine whether the actual amount of addition belongs to the appropriate addition amount range. The fly ash processing device according to the above (1), which determines whether or not it is possible.

(3)飛灰を貯留し供給する飛灰供給部と、飛灰処理剤を貯留し供給する飛灰処理剤供給部と、前記飛灰供給部から飛灰を供給するとともに、前記飛灰処理剤供給部から飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するための飛灰処理部と、前記飛灰処理剤の添加を、前記飛灰処理剤供給部に指示する飛灰処理剤添加管理部と、を備える飛灰処理装置であって、前記飛灰処理剤添加管理部は、飛灰を採取する処理前飛灰採取部と、前記飛灰処理部で処理する前の飛灰の性状を計測する処理前飛灰分析部と、前記飛灰処理部で処理した後の飛灰の処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析部と、を有し、前記処理前飛灰分析部は、前記処理前飛灰採取部で採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、前記飛灰処理剤が、前記適正添加量範囲内で前記飛灰処理部に添加されるように前記飛灰処理剤供給部に指示し、前記処理後飛灰分析部は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、前記飛灰処理部への前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、前記適正添加量範囲外であって、過不足が生じていると判定した場合にのみ、前記飛灰処理部への前記飛灰処理剤の添加量を増減させて、前記飛灰処理剤の添加量が前記適正添加量範囲内になるように、前記飛灰処理剤供給部への指示を変更する、飛灰処理装置。 (3) a fly ash supply unit that stores and supplies fly ash, a fly ash treatment agent supply unit that stores and supplies a fly ash treatment agent, and supplies fly ash from the fly ash supply unit, and the fly ash treatment A fly ash processing unit for processing fly ash by adding a fly ash processing agent from the agent supply unit, and a fly ash processing agent addition for instructing the addition of the fly ash processing agent to the fly ash processing agent supply unit. A fly ash treatment device comprising a management unit, wherein the fly ash treatment agent addition management unit includes a pre-treatment fly ash collection unit for collecting fly ash, and a fly ash collection unit for collecting fly ash before processing in the fly ash processing unit. A pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit that measures properties and a post-treatment fly ash analysis unit that measures the processing state of the fly ash after processing in the fly ash processing unit, and the pre-processing fly ash analysis unit , Based on the properties of the fly ash collected at the pre-treatment fly ash collecting unit, an appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent necessary for fly ash treatment is set, and the fly ash treatment agent is added to the appropriate addition amount range The fly ash treatment agent supply unit is instructed to be added to the fly ash processing unit within the fly ash processing unit, and the post-processing fly ash analysis unit determines the fly ash Calculate the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent to be added to the processing unit, and determine that the calculated actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is outside the appropriate addition amount range and that there is an excess or deficiency. Only when the fly ash treatment agent is added to the fly ash treatment unit is increased or decreased so that the added amount of the fly ash treatment agent is within the appropriate addition amount range. A fly ash processing device that changes the instructions to the supply unit.

(4)飛灰に対し飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するため飛灰処理方法であって、
前記飛灰処理剤の添加前の飛灰を採取し、採取した該飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、前記飛灰処理剤を、前記適正添加量範囲内で添加する処理前飛灰分析工程と、前記飛灰処理剤の添加後の飛灰を採取し、処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析工程と、処理後飛灰分析工程での飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定する適正処理判定工程と、を含む飛灰処理方法。
(4) A fly ash treatment method for treating fly ash by adding a fly ash treatment agent to the fly ash,
Fly ash before addition of the fly ash treatment agent is collected, based on the properties of the collected fly ash, an appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment is set, and the fly ash treatment agent A pre-treatment fly ash analysis step of adding within the appropriate addition amount range, a post-treatment fly ash analysis step of collecting the fly ash after the addition of the fly ash treatment agent and measuring the treatment state, and a post-treatment fly ash analysis step A fly ash disposal method comprising: a proper disposal determination step of determining whether or not landfill disposal is possible based on the measurement result of the fly ash disposal state in the ash analysis step.

(5)前記適正処理判定工程での埋め立て処分の可否は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、前記適正添加量範囲内にあるか否かで判定する、上記(4)に記載の飛灰処理方法。 (5) The suitability of landfill disposal in the appropriate treatment determination step is based on the measurement results of the treated fly ash treatment state, and the fly ash treatment calculated by calculating the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent added. The fly ash treatment method according to (4) above, wherein the determination is made based on whether or not the actual amount of the agent added is within the appropriate addition amount range.

(6)飛灰に対し飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するため飛灰処理方法であって、前記飛灰処理剤の添加前の飛灰を採取し、採取した該飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、前記飛灰処理剤を、前記適正添加量範囲内で添加する処理前飛灰分析工程と、前記飛灰処理剤の添加後の飛灰を採取し、処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析工程と、処理後飛灰分析工程での飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、前記飛灰処理部への前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、前記適正添加量範囲外である場合、飛灰を処理するのに過不足が生じていると判定する適正処理判定工程と、過不足が生じていると判定した場合にのみ、前記飛灰処理剤の添加量を増減させて、前記飛灰処理剤の添加量が前記適正添加量範囲内になるように、前記飛灰処理剤の添加量を変更する飛灰処理剤添加量変更工程と、を含む飛灰処理方法。 (6) A fly ash treatment method for treating fly ash by adding a fly ash treatment agent to the fly ash, collecting the fly ash before adding the fly ash treatment agent, and collecting the collected fly ash Based on the properties of, a pre-treatment fly ash analysis step of setting an appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment, and adding the fly ash treatment agent within the appropriate addition amount range; The fly ash after the addition of the fly ash treatment agent is collected, and the fly ash analysis step for measuring the treatment state and the measurement result of the fly ash treatment state in the fly ash analysis step after treatment. Calculate the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent to be added to the processing unit, and if the calculated actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is outside the appropriate addition amount range, it is excessive to treat the fly ash. An appropriate processing determination step for determining that a shortage has occurred, and only when it is determined that an excess or deficiency has occurred, the amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is increased or decreased so that the amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is the above a fly ash treatment agent addition amount changing step of changing the addition amount of the fly ash treatment agent so that it falls within an appropriate addition amount range.

本発明によれば、飛灰を処理するに際し、飛灰の性状などの処理条件の違いによって、飛灰を適正処理するのに必要な飛灰処理剤の適正な添加量が変動した場合であっても、効率的に飛灰中の重金属を固定化して、飛灰処理剤により処理した後の飛灰を埋め立て処分したときの環境への負荷を、より一層低減することができる飛灰の処理装置および処理方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, when treating fly ash, the proper amount of the fly ash treatment agent required for proper treatment of fly ash varies due to differences in treatment conditions such as the properties of fly ash. Even so, it is possible to efficiently immobilize heavy metals in fly ash and further reduce the environmental load when landfilling fly ash after treatment with a fly ash treatment agent. Apparatus and processing methods can be provided.

本実施形態に係る飛灰処理装置の構築例の概略フロー図を示したものである。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic flow diagram of the construction example of the fly ash processing apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 従来技術に係る飛灰処理装置の構築例の概略フロー図を示したものである。It is a schematic flow diagram of a construction example of a fly ash processing apparatus according to the prior art.

以下、本発明の具体的な実施形態について、詳細に説明するが、本発明は、以下の実施形態に何ら限定されるものではなく、本発明の目的の範囲内において、適宜変更を加えて実施することができる。 Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments at all, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications within the scope of the purpose of the present invention. can do.

<第1の態様の飛灰処理装置>
図1は、本実施形態に係る飛灰処理装置の構築例の概略フロー図を示したものである。なお、図1において、各ブロックを繋ぐ線のうち、実線は物の流れ、一点鎖線は情報の流れを表している。
<Fly ash processing apparatus of the first aspect>
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a construction example of a fly ash processing apparatus according to this embodiment. In FIG. 1, among the lines connecting blocks, the solid lines indicate the flow of goods, and the dashed-dotted lines indicate the flow of information.

すなわち、飛灰処理装置1は、主として、飛灰を貯留し供給する飛灰供給部11と、飛灰処理剤を貯留し供給する飛灰処理剤供給部12と、飛灰供給部11から飛灰を供給するとともに、飛灰処理剤供給部12から飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するための飛灰処理部13と、飛灰処理部13への飛灰処理剤の添加を、飛灰処理剤供給部12に指示する飛灰処理剤添加管理部14と、を備える装置である。また、飛灰処理装置1は、これら以外に任意で、過去に処理した飛灰の性状や添加条件などの対応関係を記憶するデータ記憶部15、飛灰と飛灰処理剤とを混合するための水を貯留し供給する水供給部16を備える。 That is, the fly ash treatment apparatus 1 mainly includes a fly ash supply unit 11 that stores and supplies fly ash, a fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 that stores and supplies a fly ash treatment agent, and a fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 that stores and supplies a fly ash treatment agent. Along with supplying the ash, the fly ash treatment agent is added from the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12, and the fly ash treatment unit 13 for treating the fly ash and the addition of the fly ash treatment agent to the fly ash treatment unit 13. and a fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14 for instructing the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12. In addition to these, the fly ash processing apparatus 1 optionally has a data storage unit 15 that stores correspondence relationships such as the properties of fly ash processed in the past and addition conditions, and for mixing fly ash and a fly ash processing agent. A water supply unit 16 for storing and supplying water is provided.

飛灰処理剤添加管理部14は、飛灰を採取する処理前飛灰採取部141と、処理前飛灰採取部141で採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、飛灰処理剤が適正添加量範囲内で飛灰処理部に添加されるように飛灰処理剤供給部に指示する処理前飛灰分析部142と、飛灰処理部13で処理した飛灰の処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析部143と、を有する。そして、このうち、処理後飛灰分析部143は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定する。 The fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14 collects the fly ash, based on the pre-treatment fly ash collection unit 141 for collecting the fly ash and the properties of the fly ash collected by the pre-treatment fly ash collection unit 141. A pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 that sets the appropriate addition amount range of the treatment agent and instructs the fly ash treatment agent supply unit so that the fly ash treatment agent is added to the fly ash treatment unit within the appropriate addition amount range; A post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143 that measures the processing state of the fly ash processed by the fly ash processing unit 13 . Among them, the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 determines whether landfill disposal is possible based on the measurement result of the treatment state of the treated fly ash.

このように、飛灰処理剤添加管理部14が、処理前飛灰採取部141で採取した飛灰の性状を分析し、その性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、処理前飛灰分析部142で、飛灰処理剤が適正添加量範囲内で飛灰処理部に添加されるように飛灰処理剤供給部12に指示し、この指示を受けた飛灰処理剤供給部12がそのような量で飛灰処理剤を飛灰処理部13に添加することにより、飛灰処理剤を一定量添加する場合と比べて処理剤の過不足を比較的少なくして、飛灰を処理することができる。 In this way, the fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14 analyzes the properties of the fly ash collected by the pre-treatment fly ash collection unit 141, and based on the properties, the appropriateness of the fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment. The addition amount range is set, and the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 instructs the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 so that the fly ash treatment agent is added to the fly ash treatment unit within the appropriate addition amount range, and this instruction By adding such an amount of fly ash treatment agent to the fly ash treatment part 13 by the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 receiving the fly ash treatment agent, compared to the case where a fixed amount of fly ash treatment agent is added, excess or deficiency of the treatment agent can be relatively reduced to treat fly ash.

図2は、特許文献2に例示される従来技術に係る飛灰処理装置の構築例の概略フロー図を示したものである。この飛灰処理装置2は、本発明と同様に、飛灰処理剤が添加される前の飛灰の性状を分析し、その性状に基づいて飛灰処理剤を添加する構成を採用したものであって、主として、飛灰を貯留し供給する飛灰供給部21と、飛灰処理剤を貯留し供給する飛灰処理剤供給部22と、飛灰供給部21から飛灰を供給するとともに、飛灰処理剤供給部22から飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するための飛灰処理部23と、飛灰処理部23への飛灰処理剤の添加を、飛灰処理剤供給部22に指示する飛灰処理剤添加管理部24と、過去に処理した飛灰の性状や添加条件などの対応関係を記憶するデータ記憶部25と、飛灰と飛灰処理剤とを混合するための水を貯留し供給する水供給部26と、を備える。そして、飛灰処理剤添加管理部24は、飛灰を採取する処理前飛灰採取部241と、処理前飛灰採取部241で採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、飛灰処理剤が適正添加量範囲内で飛灰処理部に添加されるように飛灰処理剤供給部に指示する処理前飛灰分析部242とを有している。 FIG. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a construction example of a conventional fly ash processing apparatus exemplified in Patent Document 2. As shown in FIG. As in the present invention, this fly ash treatment apparatus 2 analyzes the properties of the fly ash before the fly ash treatment agent is added, and adds the fly ash treatment agent based on the properties. Mainly, a fly ash supply unit 21 that stores and supplies fly ash, a fly ash treatment agent supply unit 22 that stores and supplies a fly ash treatment agent, and supplies fly ash from the fly ash supply unit 21, The fly ash treatment agent is added from the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 22, and the fly ash treatment agent is added to the fly ash treatment unit 23 for treating the fly ash, and the fly ash treatment agent is added to the fly ash treatment unit 23. A fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 24 that instructs the supply unit 22, a data storage unit 25 that stores correspondence relationships such as properties of fly ash treated in the past and addition conditions, and mixes fly ash and fly ash treatment agent. and a water supply unit 26 for storing and supplying water for Then, the fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 24 is based on the pre-treatment fly ash collection unit 241 for collecting fly ash, and the properties of the fly ash collected by the pre-treatment fly ash collection unit 241. A pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 242 that sets the appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent and instructs the fly ash treatment agent supply unit so that the fly ash treatment agent is added to the fly ash treatment unit within the appropriate addition amount range. and

実際に従来技術に係る飛灰処理装置2を用いて飛灰の処理を行う場合には、例えば飛灰処理剤の最小添加量を見積もった後、安全係数などを考慮して、飛灰処理剤の最小必要量に一定割合を加えた量を適正添加量として添加し、飛灰処理剤の不足を防止している。 When actually treating fly ash using the fly ash treatment apparatus 2 according to the conventional technology, for example, after estimating the minimum amount of the fly ash treatment agent to be added, considering the safety factor etc., the fly ash treatment agent A certain amount added to the minimum required amount is added as an appropriate amount to prevent a shortage of the fly ash treatment agent.

しかしながら、例えば処理する飛灰の性状のばらつきが大きかったり、飛灰処理装置2の飛灰供給部21や飛灰処理剤供給部22に不具合や故障が生じて意図した量の飛灰や飛灰処理剤が添加されなかったり、長期保存などによって飛灰処理剤が化学的に劣化して、実際に添加した量と、その中に含まれる有効成分たる飛灰処理剤の量との間に相違が生じたりするなどして、飛灰を適切に処理することができず、飛灰処理剤が最適添加量に比べて過不足が生じることがある。特に、最適添加量に比べて不足して飛灰処理剤が添加された場合、上述したように、飛灰中に未固定の重金属が残留し、これを埋め立てた場合には、環境中に重金属が流出する可能性がある。 However, for example, there is a large variation in the properties of the fly ash to be treated, or a malfunction or failure occurs in the fly ash supply unit 21 or the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 22 of the fly ash processing device 2, resulting in the intended amount of fly ash or fly ash. If no treatment agent is added or the fly ash treatment agent is chemically degraded due to long-term storage, etc., there is a difference between the amount actually added and the amount of the fly ash treatment agent, which is the active ingredient contained therein. As a result, the fly ash cannot be treated properly, and the amount of the fly ash treatment agent may be too much or too little compared to the optimum amount. In particular, if the fly ash treatment agent is added in an insufficient amount compared to the optimum amount, as described above, unfixed heavy metals will remain in the fly ash, and if this is landfilled, heavy metals will be added to the environment. may flow out.

そこで、本実施形態の飛灰処理装置1では、処理後飛灰分析部143が、飛灰処理部13で処理した飛灰の処理状態を計測し、その処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定する。このようにして、処理後飛灰分析部143において、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定することにより、最適な添加量の飛灰処理剤で飛灰を処理しながらも、例えば処理する飛灰の性状のばらつきが大きかったり、飛灰処理装置1の飛灰供給部11や飛灰処理剤供給部12に不具合や故障が生じて意図した量の飛灰や飛灰処理剤が添加されなかったり、長期保存などによって飛灰処理剤が化学的に劣化して、実際に添加した量と、その中に含まれる有効成分たる飛灰処理剤の量との間に相違が生じたりするなどしたとしても、飛灰を安定的に処理することができ、重金属の環境への溶出を抑制することができる。以下、本実施形態の飛灰処理装置1を構成する各部について、それぞれ具体的に説明する。 Therefore, in the fly ash processing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143 measures the processing state of the fly ash processed by the fly ash processing unit 13, and the measurement result of the processing state of the processed fly ash. Based on the above, it is determined whether landfill disposal is possible. In this way, in the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143, based on the measurement result of the treatment state of the treated fly ash, it is determined whether or not it can be disposed of in a landfill. While treating the fly ash, for example, there is a large variation in the properties of the fly ash to be treated, or a problem or failure occurs in the fly ash supply unit 11 or the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 of the fly ash treatment device 1, resulting in the intended amount of fly ash. If the ash or fly ash treatment agent is not added, or the fly ash treatment agent chemically deteriorates due to long-term storage, etc., the amount actually added and the amount of the fly ash treatment agent that is the active ingredient contained in it Even if there is a difference between them, the fly ash can be stably treated, and the elution of heavy metals into the environment can be suppressed. Each part constituting the fly ash processing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment will be specifically described below.

[飛灰供給部]
飛灰供給部11は、飛灰を貯留し供給するものである。飛灰供給部11としては、特に限定されないが、例えば飛灰を貯留するためのタンクと、一定量の飛灰を定量して排出可能な定量フィーダーなどを組み合わせて用いることができる。
[Fly ash supply part]
The fly ash supply unit 11 stores and supplies fly ash. The fly ash supply unit 11 is not particularly limited, but for example, a tank for storing fly ash and a fixed amount feeder capable of measuring and discharging a fixed amount of fly ash can be used in combination.

飛灰供給部11は、少なくとも、飛灰を供給可能な状態で飛灰処理部13に接続されている。また、飛灰処理剤供給部12は、飛灰処理剤添加管理部14(特に、処理前飛灰分析部142および処理後飛灰分析部143)と、それらから少なくとも指示を受信可能な状態で接続されており、飛灰処理剤添加管理部14により添加量の制御をしてもよい(指示の経路については図示せず)。 The fly ash supply unit 11 is connected to the fly ash processing unit 13 so as to be capable of supplying at least fly ash. In addition, the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 is in a state where it can receive at least instructions from the fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14 (in particular, the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 and the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143). The addition amount may be controlled by the fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14 (not shown for instruction route).

飛灰供給部11は、飛灰供給量測定部111を備えることができる。このように飛灰供給部111を設けることにより、指示したとおりの飛灰が飛灰処理部13に添加されたか確認することができる。飛灰供給量測定部111は、飛灰処理部13に供給された飛灰の量を測定するものであれば特に限定されないが、具体的には、飛灰供給部11と飛灰処理部13の間に設けた流量計、質量計や、飛灰を貯留するためのタンクに設けた質量計、レベル計などを用いることができる。これらは1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。異なる機器を2種以上用いることにより、より正確な測定を行うことができる。 The fly ash supply unit 11 can include a fly ash supply amount measurement unit 111 . By providing the fly ash supply unit 111 in this manner, it is possible to confirm whether the fly ash is added to the fly ash processing unit 13 as instructed. The fly ash supply amount measurement unit 111 is not particularly limited as long as it measures the amount of fly ash supplied to the fly ash processing unit 13, but specifically, the fly ash supply unit 11 and the fly ash processing unit 13 It is possible to use a flow meter and a mass meter provided between them, a mass meter and a level meter provided in a tank for storing fly ash, and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together. A more accurate measurement can be performed by using two or more different instruments.

[飛灰処理剤供給部]
飛灰処理剤供給部12は、飛灰処理剤を貯留し供給するものである。飛灰処理剤供給部12としては、特に限定されないが、例えば飛灰処理剤を貯留するためのタンクと、一定量の飛灰処理剤を定量して排出可能な定量フィーダーなどを組み合わせて用いることができる。
[Fly ash treatment agent supply part]
The fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 stores and supplies the fly ash treatment agent. The fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 is not particularly limited, but for example, a tank for storing the fly ash treatment agent and a fixed amount feeder that can quantify and discharge a certain amount of fly ash treatment agent. can be done.

飛灰処理剤供給部12は、少なくとも、飛灰処理剤を供給可能な状態で飛灰処理部13に接続されている。また、飛灰処理剤供給部12は、飛灰処理剤添加管理部14(特に、処理前飛灰分析部142および処理後飛灰分析部143)と、それらから少なくとも指示を受信可能な状態で接続されている。 The fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 is connected to the fly ash treatment unit 13 at least in a state capable of supplying the fly ash treatment agent. In addition, the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 is in a state where it can receive at least instructions from the fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14 (in particular, the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 and the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143). It is connected.

また、飛灰処理剤供給部12は、飛灰処理剤供給量測定部121を備えることができる。このように飛灰処理剤供給部121を設けることにより、指示したとおりの飛灰処理剤が飛灰処理部13に添加されたか確認することができる。飛灰処理剤供給量測定部121は、飛灰処理部13に供給された飛灰処理剤の量を測定するものであれば特に限定されないが、具体的には、飛灰処理剤供給部12と飛灰処理部13の間に設けた流量計、質量計や、飛灰処理剤を貯留するためのタンクに設けた質量計、レベル計などを用いることができる。これらは1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。異なる機器を2種以上用いることにより、より正確な測定を行うことができる。 Further, the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 can include a fly ash treatment agent supply amount measurement unit 121 . By providing the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 121 in this manner, it is possible to confirm whether the fly ash treatment agent as instructed has been added to the fly ash treatment unit 13 . The fly ash treatment agent supply amount measurement unit 121 is not particularly limited as long as it measures the amount of the fly ash treatment agent supplied to the fly ash treatment unit 13, but specifically, the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 A flow meter and a mass meter provided between the fly ash treatment unit 13 and a mass meter and level meter provided in a tank for storing the fly ash treatment agent can be used. These may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together. A more accurate measurement can be performed by using two or more different instruments.

(飛灰処理剤)
飛灰処理剤としては、重金属を不溶化(固定化)し得るものであれば特に限定されず、例えば有機系飛灰処理剤や無機系飛灰処理剤を用いることができる。
(Fly ash treatment agent)
The fly ash treatment agent is not particularly limited as long as it can insolubilize (fix) heavy metals. For example, an organic fly ash treatment agent or an inorganic fly ash treatment agent can be used.

有機系飛灰処理剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えばキレート剤など、重金属と好適に反応し、重金属を好適に不溶化できる点で、ジチオカルバミン酸系キレート剤を用いることが好ましく、ジチオカルバミン酸塩、ジアルキルジチオカルバミン酸塩、シクロアルキルジチオカルバミン酸塩、ピペラジンジチオカルバミン酸塩、テトラエチレンペンタミンジチオカルバミン酸塩、ポリアミンのジチオカルバミン酸塩を用いることがより好ましい。有機系飛灰処理剤は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。 The organic fly ash treatment agent is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a dithiocarbamic acid-based chelating agent, such as a chelating agent, because it can suitably react with heavy metals and can suitably insolubilize heavy metals. Dithiocarbamate, Dialkyldithiocarbamate, cycloalkyldithiocarbamate, piperazine dithiocarbamate, tetraethylenepentamine dithiocarbamate, polyamine dithiocarbamate are more preferably used. The organic fly ash treatment agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

なお、上述したジチオカルバミン酸系キレート剤は、ジチオカルバミン酸基の硫黄元素が鉛等の重金属イオンに配位結合することにより電荷が中和されて不溶性となる。 In addition, the dithiocarbamic acid-based chelating agent described above becomes insoluble due to charge neutralization due to coordination bonding of the sulfur element of the dithiocarbamic acid group to heavy metal ions such as lead.

無機系飛灰処理剤としては、特に限定されないが、リン酸系化合物、二酸化ケイ素系化合物、硫酸アルミニウム、鉄含有化合物や、塩酸、硫酸、硝酸などを用いることができる。 The inorganic fly ash treatment agent is not particularly limited, but phosphoric acid compounds, silicon dioxide compounds, aluminum sulfate, iron-containing compounds, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc. can be used.

このうち、リン酸系化合物は、灰中のカルシウムと難溶性の鉱物であるヒドロキシアパタイトを形成するとともに重金属を結晶構造中に取り込み不溶化する。二酸化ケイ素化合物は、灰中のカルシウムと難溶性の鉱物である珪酸カルシウムを形成するとともに重金属を結晶構造中に取り込み不溶化する。硫酸アルミニウムは、灰中のカルシウムと難溶性の鉱物であるエトリンガイトを形成するとともに重金属を結晶構造中に取り込み不溶化する。還元性の二価鉄塩は、六価クロムを不溶性の三価クロムに還元し水酸化物として重金属を不溶化する。塩酸、硫酸、硝酸などの酸は、重金属の不溶化に適したアルカリ度に調整する不溶化助剤である。 Among them, the phosphoric acid-based compound forms hydroxyapatite, which is a sparingly soluble mineral, with calcium in the ash, and also incorporates heavy metals into the crystal structure to make them insoluble. The silicon dioxide compound forms calcium silicate, which is a sparingly soluble mineral, with calcium in the ash, and also incorporates heavy metals into the crystal structure to make them insoluble. Aluminum sulfate forms ettringite, which is a sparingly soluble mineral, with calcium in the ash, and insolubilizes heavy metals by taking them into the crystal structure. Reducing ferrous salts reduce hexavalent chromium to insoluble trivalent chromium and insolubilize heavy metals as hydroxides. Acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid are insolubilizing aids that adjust alkalinity suitable for insolubilizing heavy metals.

[飛灰処理部]
飛灰処理部13は、飛灰供給部11から供給された飛灰に対して、飛灰処理剤供給部12から添加された飛灰処理剤を混合して、飛灰を処理するための反応場である。すなわち、飛灰処理部13は、混合するためのものであり、例えば混練機を用いることができる。飛灰処理部13はバッチ式(回分式)で処理するものあっても、連続式で処理するものであってもよい。なお、バッチ式の方が、処理精度は高くなる。また、飛灰処理部13は、これらから供給された飛灰、飛灰処理剤および水を混合するための、撹拌羽根などの混合手段を備える。
[Fly ash processing unit]
The fly ash treatment unit 13 mixes the fly ash supplied from the fly ash supply unit 11 with the fly ash treatment agent added from the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 to cause a reaction for treating the fly ash. It is a place. That is, the fly ash processing unit 13 is for mixing, and for example, a kneader can be used. The fly ash processing unit 13 may be a batch system (batch system) or a continuous system. It should be noted that the batch type has higher processing accuracy. In addition, the fly ash processing unit 13 is provided with mixing means such as a stirring blade for mixing the fly ash, the fly ash processing agent and water supplied therefrom.

上述したとおり、飛灰には、通常、鉛、カドミウム、ヒ素、セレン、クロムなどの重金属が含まれているため、飛灰の埋め立て等に先立って、飛灰中に含有する重金属を固定化する必要がある。そこで、飛灰処理部13では、飛灰と飛灰処理剤を混合して反応させることによって、重金属を不溶化する。 As mentioned above, fly ash usually contains heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, and chromium. There is a need. Therefore, in the fly ash treatment unit 13, heavy metals are insolubilized by mixing and reacting fly ash and a fly ash treatment agent.

飛灰処理部13は、飛灰供給部11から飛灰を供給可能な状態でその飛灰供給部11と接続されており、また飛灰処理剤供給部12から飛灰処理剤を供給可能な状態でその飛灰処理剤供給部12と接続されており、さらに水供給部16から水を供給可能な状態でその水供給部16とも接続されている。 The fly ash treatment unit 13 is connected to the fly ash supply unit 11 in a state in which the fly ash supply unit 11 can supply the fly ash, and the fly ash treatment agent can be supplied from the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12. It is connected to the fly ash treatment agent supply section 12 in a state, and is also connected to the water supply section 16 in a state in which water can be supplied from the water supply section 16 .

なお、飛灰処理部13で重金属の不溶化(固定化)を施す対象たる飛灰としては、その発生源や含有成分について特に限定されるものではなく、各種の廃棄物の焼却により生成した飛灰を用いることができる。 The fly ash to be subjected to insolubilization (fixation) of heavy metals in the fly ash processing unit 13 is not particularly limited in terms of its source or contained components. can be used.

上述したとおり、飛灰の処理量は特に限定されず、処理すべき飛灰の量や処理時間、反応器の容量などを考慮して適宜設計することができる。 As described above, the amount of fly ash to be treated is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately designed in consideration of the amount of fly ash to be treated, the treatment time, the capacity of the reactor, and the like.

なお、飛灰処理部13もしくは処理後飛灰分析部143、または飛灰処理部13および処理後飛灰分析部143の間には、飛灰処理部13で処理された飛灰について含水率を測定する、処理後飛灰含水量測定部を備えることができる(図示せず)。この処理後飛灰含水量測定部により測定された飛灰含水率に基づき飛灰に対する水の添加量などを調整してもよい。処理後飛灰含水量測定部は、飛灰処理剤による処理後の飛灰に含まれる含水量を測定するものであれば特に限定されないが、具体的には、電気抵抗や電気容量等を用いて直接測定できる装置や、処理後の飛灰をサンプリングし蒸発乾固前後の重量を測定する装置や、処理後の飛灰をサンプリングし熱重量測定(TG測定)する装置などを用いることができる。このようにして処理後飛灰含水量測定部により測定された、処理後の飛灰中の含水量は、データ記憶部15に送信されて記憶されてもよい。 In addition, between the fly ash processing unit 13 or the post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143, or between the fly ash processing unit 13 and the post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143, the moisture content of the fly ash processed by the fly ash processing unit 13 is measured. A post-treatment fly ash moisture content measuring unit may be provided (not shown). The amount of water added to the fly ash may be adjusted based on the fly ash moisture content measured by the post-treatment fly ash moisture content measuring unit. The post-treatment fly ash moisture content measurement unit is not particularly limited as long as it measures the moisture content contained in the fly ash after treatment with the fly ash treatment agent, but specifically, electrical resistance, electrical capacity, etc. are used. A device that can directly measure the fly ash after processing, a device that samples the fly ash after processing and measures the weight before and after evaporation to dryness, a device that samples the fly ash after processing and performs thermogravimetric measurement (TG measurement), etc. can be used. . The water content in the post-treatment fly ash thus measured by the post-treatment fly ash water content measurement unit may be transmitted to and stored in the data storage unit 15 .

[飛灰処理剤添加管理部]
飛灰処理剤添加管理部14は、飛灰処理部13への飛灰処理剤の添加を、飛灰処理剤供給部12に指示するものである。この飛灰処理剤添加管理部14は、飛灰を採取する処理前飛灰採取部141と、処理前飛灰採取部141で採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、飛灰処理剤が適正添加量範囲内で飛灰処理部13に添加されるように飛灰処理剤供給部12に指示する処理前飛灰分析部142と、飛灰処理部13で処理した飛灰の処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析部143と、を有する。そして、処理後飛灰分析部143は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定する。なお、処理前飛灰採取部141は、図1では、飛灰供給部11と飛灰処理部13との間に配置されているが、その配置場所は、飛灰供給部11や飛灰処理部13に設けてもよく、また、図示しないが飛灰供給部11の前段に設けてもよい。
[Fly ash treatment agent addition management department]
The fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14 instructs the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 to add the fly ash treatment agent to the fly ash treatment unit 13 . The fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14 includes a pre-treatment fly ash collection unit 141 for collecting fly ash, and a fly ash collection unit 141 for collecting fly ash. A pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit that sets an appropriate addition amount range of the ash treatment agent and instructs the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 so that the fly ash treatment agent is added to the fly ash treatment unit 13 within the appropriate addition amount range. 142 and a post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143 that measures the processing state of the fly ash processed by the fly ash processing unit 13 . Then, the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 determines whether landfill disposal is possible based on the measurement result of the treatment state of the treated fly ash. The pre-treatment fly ash collecting unit 141 is arranged between the fly ash supply unit 11 and the fly ash processing unit 13 in FIG. It may be provided in the section 13, or may be provided in the preceding stage of the fly ash supply section 11 (not shown).

処理前飛灰採取部141における飛灰の採取の頻度は特に限定されず、連続的又は間隙的(例えば、1時間に1回、数時間に1回、1日に1回など)に行うことができる。 The frequency of collecting fly ash in the pre-treatment fly ash collecting unit 141 is not particularly limited, and may be performed continuously or intermittently (for example, once an hour, once every several hours, once a day, etc.). can be done.

処理前飛灰分析部142は、処理前飛灰採取部141で採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、飛灰処理剤が適正添加量範囲内で飛灰処理部13に添加されるように飛灰処理剤供給部12に指示する。 Based on the properties of the fly ash collected by the pre-treatment fly ash collection unit 141, the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 sets an appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment, and determines the amount of the fly ash treatment agent. is added to the fly ash treatment unit 13 within the appropriate addition amount range.

例えば、処理前飛灰分析部142において、飛灰処理剤としてキレート剤を用いる場合について、処理前飛灰分析部142の具体的な操作を説明する。飛灰を採取して、水に十分に浸漬させて(例えば、水1Lに対し、飛灰0.5~10g)、飛灰中の水溶性成分を溶解させた後、その水に過剰量のキレート剤を添加し、遊離のキレート剤の量を、吸光度などにより測定する。遊離のキレート剤の量を吸光度のピークから算出し、添加したキレート剤の総量から遊離のキレート剤の量を差し引いた値を、採取して試験に供した飛灰の質量で除して、単位質量あたりの飛灰に対するキレート剤の最小必要量を求めることができる。適正添加量範囲は、例えば、下限値はこの最小必要量とし、上限値は、安全率・経済性および環境負荷低減から総合的に判断して決定される安全係数を最小必要量に掛けた値と、最小必要量の和とする。 For example, a specific operation of the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 will be described for a case where a chelating agent is used as the fly ash treatment agent in the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 . Collect the fly ash and fully immerse it in water (for example, 0.5 to 10 g of fly ash per 1 L of water), dissolve the water-soluble components in the fly ash, and then add an excess amount of A chelating agent is added and the amount of free chelating agent is measured, such as by absorbance. Calculate the amount of free chelating agent from the absorbance peak, and divide the value obtained by subtracting the amount of free chelating agent from the total amount of added chelating agent by the mass of the fly ash sampled and subjected to the test. A minimum required amount of chelating agent per mass of fly ash can be determined. The appropriate addition amount range, for example, the lower limit is the minimum required amount, and the upper limit is the value obtained by multiplying the minimum required amount by a safety factor determined comprehensively from the safety factor, economic efficiency, and reduction of environmental load. and the sum of the minimum required amount.

なお、キレート剤の必要量は、飛灰に含まれる可溶性の重金属の量に比例するが、活性炭等の共存成分の影響も受け得る。したがって、飛灰にキレート剤を段階的に添加して反応させ、溶出試験によって重金属が溶出しなくなる量を、最小溶出防止量として実験的に求める。あらかじめ試験して求めたこの最小溶出防止量と、上記最小必要量との関係を係数として算出し、この係数を用いて補正することによって、最小必要量から最小溶出防止量を求めることができ、この値を最適添加量範囲の下限値としてもよい。 The amount of chelating agent required is proportional to the amount of soluble heavy metals contained in fly ash, but may be affected by coexisting components such as activated carbon. Therefore, the chelating agent is added stepwise to the fly ash and allowed to react, and the amount at which heavy metals are not eluted is experimentally determined as the minimum elution prevention amount by an elution test. By calculating the relationship between this minimum dissolution prevention amount obtained by testing in advance and the minimum required amount as a coefficient and correcting using this coefficient, the minimum dissolution prevention amount can be obtained from the minimum required amount, This value may be set as the lower limit of the optimum addition amount range.

また、安全係数は、例えば、事前に算出した、最小必要量と最小溶出防止量の誤差範囲や装置の処理誤差(具体的には、飛灰の供給量誤差、薬剤の供給量誤差、飛灰と薬剤の混合の均一性の誤差など)から適正処理を保つために必要な量、経済性および環境負荷への影響から余裕を持たせるのに必要な量、環境負荷監視、処理した飛灰を管理型埋め立て処分場に処分した際に、浸出水中に溶け出る余剰キレート剤が浸出水処理するに際し、硝化阻害やCOD負荷上昇の問題が起きない余剰量の上限を考慮して、算出する。 In addition, the safety factor is, for example, the error range between the minimum required amount and the minimum elution prevention amount calculated in advance and the processing error of the device (specifically, the error in the supply amount of fly ash, the error in the amount of drug supply, the error in the amount of supply of fly ash, The amount required to maintain proper treatment from the uniformity of mixing of chemicals and chemicals, etc.), the amount required to provide a margin from the impact on economic efficiency and environmental load, environmental load monitoring, and treated fly ash Calculate the upper limit of surplus amount of chelating agent that dissolves into leachate when it is disposed of in a controlled landfill site so that nitrification inhibition and COD load increase do not occur when leachate is treated.

なお、キレート剤として上述したジチオカルバミン酸は、300nm付近の紫外線領域に特異的な吸収を持っており、この波長の吸光度を検出することにより、濃度を測定することができる。ただし、飛灰には多種の夾雑物が含まれており、この夾雑物が吸光度に影響を及ぼし得るものである。したがって、このジチオカルバミン酸と反応して着色する試薬を加えることで、夾雑物の影響を排除し、より正確なキレート剤濃度を測定することができる。 The dithiocarbamic acid described above as a chelating agent has specific absorption in the ultraviolet region around 300 nm, and the concentration can be measured by detecting the absorbance at this wavelength. However, fly ash contains various contaminants, and these contaminants can affect the absorbance. Therefore, by adding a reagent that reacts with this dithiocarbamic acid to give color, the influence of contaminants can be eliminated and the concentration of the chelating agent can be measured more accurately.

また、処理前飛灰分析部142において、飛灰処理剤として無機系飛灰処理剤を用いる場合について、処理前飛灰分析部142の具体的な操作を説明する。飛灰の水溶性成分が溶解した水溶液におけるpHと、固定化の対象である重金属イオンの溶解度との関係から、その重金属イオンの最大濃度が、埋め立て地における溶出基準を下回るためのpH範囲を求める。そして、処理対象である飛灰を水に浸漬させて得た水溶液が、上記pH範囲となる無機系飛灰処理剤添加量を求める。なお、基本的には、産業廃棄物に含まれる金属等の検定方法(環境庁告示13号)にしたがって、飛灰と水を重量体積比10パーセント(海面埋め立ての場合は固形分として3パーセント)となる割合で混合し、6時間振とうして得た水溶液を用いるが、例えば、水:飛灰=10超:1~2000:1(質量比)の範囲で測定を行い、水:飛灰=10:1(質量比)で混合した場合の状態を予想してもよい。 Further, a specific operation of the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 will be described in the case where an inorganic fly ash treatment agent is used as the fly ash treatment agent in the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 . Based on the relationship between the pH of the aqueous solution in which the water-soluble components of fly ash are dissolved and the solubility of the heavy metal ions to be immobilized, determine the pH range in which the maximum concentration of the heavy metal ions falls below the elution standard for landfill sites. . Then, the amount of the inorganic fly ash treatment agent to be added is determined so that the pH range of the aqueous solution obtained by immersing the fly ash to be treated in water is within the above pH range. In addition, basically, according to the test method for metals contained in industrial waste (Environment Agency Notification No. 13), the weight and volume ratio of fly ash and water is 10% (3% as solid content in the case of sea surface landfill). and use an aqueous solution obtained by shaking for 6 hours. = 10:1 (mass ratio) may be expected.

例えば、処理対象の重金属イオンが鉛である場合、pHが9.3で最も溶解度が低くなるため、pH=9.3を中心として、鉛が溶解できる最大の濃度が、溶出基準を下回る範囲を求める。なお、飛灰中の可溶性鉛が多いほど、溶液中の平衡濃度が高くなるため、この範囲は狭くなることが予想される。 For example, when the heavy metal ion to be treated is lead, the solubility is lowest at pH 9.3. demand. This range is expected to narrow as the amount of soluble lead in the fly ash increases, because the equilibrium concentration in the solution increases.

なお、飛灰中には多成分が共存し計算が難しいことから、処理対象である飛灰を用いてアルカリ度(または酸・アルカリ添加量)を変化させて、それに対応する重金属の溶出量を求め、アルカリ度(または酸・アルカリ添加量)と、重金属の溶出量との関係を実験的に求めて適正な範囲を決定してもよい。 In addition, since multiple components coexist in fly ash and it is difficult to calculate, the alkalinity (or the amount of acid / alkali added) is changed using the fly ash to be treated, and the corresponding amount of heavy metal elution is calculated. The appropriate range may be determined by experimentally determining the relationship between the alkalinity (or the amount of acid/alkali added) and the elution amount of heavy metals.

処理後飛灰分析部143は、飛灰処理部13で処理した飛灰の処理状態を計測し、その計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定する。 The post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143 measures the processing state of the fly ash processed by the fly ash processing unit 13, and determines whether landfill disposal is possible based on the measurement results.

処理後飛灰分析部143において分析する飛灰の採取の頻度は特に限定されず、連続的又は間隙的(例えば、1時間に1回、数時間に1回、1日に1回)に行うことができる。なお、処理後飛灰分析部143において分析する飛灰(処理後の飛灰)の採取の頻度は、上述した処理前飛灰採取部141における飛灰(処理前の飛灰)の採取の頻度と一致していても、一致していなくてもよい。いずれの採取の頻度も一致しており、かつ処理前後の飛灰が対応するように採取する(例えば、バッチ式であれば同ロット、連続式であればタイミングを合わせる)のが好ましい。ただし、処理前の飛灰の性状が概ね一定である場合や、飛灰処理剤による処理が均一に行われる場合には、必ずしも頻度を一致させたり、処理前後の飛灰が対応するように時期を合わせたりする必要はない。また、処理前の飛灰の性状が大きい場合などには、処理前飛灰採取部141における飛灰(処理前の飛灰)の採取の頻度および処理後飛灰分析部143において分析する飛灰(処理後の飛灰)の採取の頻度頻度を増やすとよい。また、処理前飛灰採取部141における飛灰(処理前の飛灰)の採取の時期および処理後飛灰分析部143において分析する飛灰(処理後の飛灰)の採取の時期の間隔は短いほど好ましい。 The frequency of collecting fly ash to be analyzed in post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 is not particularly limited, and is performed continuously or intermittently (for example, once an hour, once every several hours, once a day). be able to. The frequency of sampling of fly ash (fly ash after processing) analyzed by post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143 is the frequency of sampling of fly ash (fly ash before processing) by pre-processing fly ash sampling unit 141 described above. may or may not match. It is preferable that the frequency of collection is the same, and that the fly ash before and after treatment is collected correspondingly (for example, if it is a batch type, it is the same lot, and if it is a continuous type, the timing is the same). However, if the properties of the fly ash before treatment are generally constant, or if the treatment with the fly ash treatment agent is performed uniformly, the frequency must be the same, or the timing must be adjusted so that the fly ash before and after treatment corresponds. There is no need to match In addition, when the properties of fly ash before processing are large, the frequency of collecting fly ash (fly ash before processing) in pre-processing fly ash collection unit 141 and fly ash analyzed in post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143 (Fly ash after treatment) should be collected more frequently. In addition, the interval between the time of collecting fly ash (fly ash before processing) in pre-treatment fly ash collecting unit 141 and the time of collecting fly ash (fly ash after processing) analyzed in post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143 is The shorter the better.

飛灰の処理状態の計測方法としては、飛灰中から溶出する重金属量が特定できる手段であれば特に限定されず、例えば、処理後飛灰分析部143で処理した後の飛灰を採取して、水に十分に浸漬して、飛灰中の水溶性成分を溶解させた後、その水に含まれる重金属量を、例えば誘導結合プラズマ(ICP)発光分光分析測定などの手法により、分析すればよい。 The method for measuring the processing state of fly ash is not particularly limited as long as it is a means that can identify the amount of heavy metals eluted from fly ash. After thoroughly immersing it in water to dissolve the water-soluble components in the fly ash, the amount of heavy metals contained in the water is analyzed, for example, by a method such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry. Just do it.

また、例えば、飛灰処理剤として、キレート剤を用いる場合について、処理後飛灰分析部143の具体的な操作を説明する。飛灰処理部13で処理した後の飛灰を、処理後飛灰分析部143で採取して、水に十分に浸漬して、飛灰中の水溶性成分を溶解させた後、その水にキレート剤を添加せずに、遊離のキレート剤の量を、吸光度などにより測定する。遊離のキレート剤が存在する状態では、ほぼ全ての重金属がキレート剤により固定されるため、遊離キレート剤の量が存在するか否かにより、ほぼ全ての重金属が固定化されているか否かを知ることもできる。 Further, for example, a specific operation of the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 will be described in the case of using a chelating agent as the fly ash treatment agent. The fly ash after processing in the fly ash processing unit 13 is collected by the post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143, and is sufficiently immersed in water to dissolve the water-soluble components in the fly ash. Without adding any chelating agent, the amount of free chelating agent is measured, such as by absorbance. In the presence of a free chelating agent, almost all heavy metals are immobilized by the chelating agent. Therefore, whether or not almost all heavy metals are immobilized can be determined by the presence or absence of the amount of free chelating agent. can also

また、飛灰処理剤として、キレート剤を用いる場合において、別の手段としては、処理後飛灰分析部143で処理した後の飛灰を採取して、水に十分に浸漬させて、飛灰中の水溶性成分を溶解させた後、その水にキレート剤を添加し、遊離のキレート剤の量を、吸光度などにより測定する。遊離のキレート剤の量が、採取した飛灰に添加したキレート剤の量と等しければ、適正な量のキレート剤が添加されていると判断する。一方で、遊離のキレート剤の量が、採取した飛灰に添加したキレート剤よりも多ければ、飛灰処理部13において余剰のキレート剤が添加されているといえる。また、遊離のキレート剤の量が、採取した飛灰に添加したキレート剤よりも少なければ、処理後の飛灰であるにも関わらず、さらにキレート剤が飛灰に消費されているため、飛灰処理剤が不足しているといえる。 In addition, when a chelating agent is used as the fly ash treatment agent, as another means, the fly ash after being treated in the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 is collected, sufficiently immersed in water, and After dissolving the water-soluble component therein, a chelating agent is added to the water, and the amount of free chelating agent is measured by absorbance or the like. If the amount of free chelating agent is equal to the amount of chelating agent added to the collected fly ash, it is determined that an appropriate amount of chelating agent has been added. On the other hand, if the amount of the free chelating agent is greater than the amount of the chelating agent added to the collected fly ash, it can be said that the excess chelating agent is added in the fly ash processing unit 13 . In addition, if the amount of free chelating agent is less than the chelating agent added to the collected fly ash, the chelating agent is consumed by the fly ash even though it is fly ash after treatment. It can be said that the ash treatment agent is insufficient.

以上のようにして、飛灰処理剤を用いて処理した後の飛灰中から溶出し得る重金属を確認でき、その重金属の量などの測定結果により、重金属が固定されていることを確認して、埋め立て処分の可否を判断することができる。 As described above, heavy metals that can be eluted from the fly ash after treatment with the fly ash treatment agent can be confirmed, and the measurement results such as the amount of heavy metals confirm that the heavy metals are fixed. , can decide whether to landfill disposal.

また、処理後飛灰分析部143での埋め立て処分の可否は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、飛灰処理部13への飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、適正添加量範囲内にあるか否かで判定することもできる。ここで、「実際の添加量」とは、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて算出される値であり、必ずしも飛灰処理剤供給部12から飛灰処理部13に供給された値と一致しない。この「実際の添加量」は、例えば、飛灰処理剤としてキレート剤を用いる場合には、上述したようにして遊離キレート剤の量を算出して余剰量のキレート剤を算出することができる。一方、遊離キレート剤が微量しか検出されない場合や全く検出されない場合には、重金属の処理の程度が不足しているので、飛灰を水に十分に浸漬して、飛灰中の水溶性成分を溶解させた後、その水に遊離キレート剤が発生する程度の十分な量のキレート剤を添加し、遊離のキレート剤の量を、吸光度などにより測定する。このようにして算出した過不足するキレート剤の量を算出する。そして、処理前飛灰分析部142が飛灰処理剤供給部12に指示した量との量的関係(例えば比例関係)などから、実際の添加量を算出する。 In addition, whether or not the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 can landfill disposal is determined by calculating the actual amount of the fly ash processing agent added to the fly ash processing unit 13 based on the measurement result of the processing state of the processed fly ash. It is also possible to determine whether or not the calculated actual addition amount of the fly ash treatment agent is within the appropriate addition amount range. Here, the "actual amount of addition" is a value calculated based on the measurement result of the processing state of the treated fly ash, and is not necessarily supplied from the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 to the fly ash treatment unit 13. does not match the value. For example, when a chelating agent is used as a fly ash treatment agent, this "actual amount of addition" can be calculated by calculating the amount of free chelating agent as described above and calculating the surplus amount of chelating agent. On the other hand, if only a small amount of free chelating agent is detected, or if it is not detected at all, the level of treatment of heavy metals is insufficient. After dissolution, a sufficient amount of chelating agent is added to the water to generate free chelating agent, and the amount of free chelating agent is measured by absorbance or the like. The amount of excess or deficiency of the chelating agent thus calculated is calculated. Then, the actual addition amount is calculated from the quantitative relationship (for example, proportional relationship) with the amount instructed to the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 by the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 .

また、飛灰処理剤として、キレート剤を用いる場合において、別の手段としては、処理後飛灰分析部143で処理した後の飛灰を採取して、水に十分に浸漬させて、飛灰中の水溶性成分を溶解させた後、その水にキレート剤を添加し、遊離のキレート剤の量を、吸光度などにより測定する。遊離のキレート剤の量が、採取した飛灰に添加したキレート剤の量と等しければ、適正な量のキレート剤が添加されていると判断する。一方で、遊離のキレート剤の量が、採取した飛灰に添加したキレート剤よりも多ければ、飛灰処理部13において余剰のキレート剤が添加されているといえる。また、遊離のキレート剤の量が、採取した飛灰に添加したキレート剤よりも少なければ、処理後の飛灰であるにも関わらず、さらにキレート剤が飛灰に消費されているため、飛灰処理剤が不足しているといえる。この余剰の添加量または不足した添加量と、処理前飛灰分析部142が飛灰処理剤供給部12に指示した量との量的関係(例えば比例関係)などから、実際の添加量を算出してもよい。 In addition, when a chelating agent is used as the fly ash treatment agent, another method is to collect the fly ash after treatment in the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143, soak it sufficiently in water, and After dissolving the water-soluble component therein, a chelating agent is added to the water, and the amount of free chelating agent is measured by absorbance or the like. If the amount of free chelating agent is equal to the amount of chelating agent added to the collected fly ash, it is determined that an appropriate amount of chelating agent has been added. On the other hand, if the amount of the free chelating agent is greater than the amount of the chelating agent added to the collected fly ash, it can be said that the excess chelating agent is added in the fly ash processing unit 13 . In addition, if the amount of free chelating agent is less than the chelating agent added to the collected fly ash, the chelating agent is consumed by the fly ash even though it is fly ash after treatment. It can be said that the ash treatment agent is insufficient. The actual amount of addition is calculated from the quantitative relationship (for example, proportional relationship) between the surplus addition amount or the insufficient addition amount and the amount instructed by the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 to the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12. You may

また、飛灰処理剤としてリン酸系化合物を用いる場合には、一定量の飛灰を水に十分に浸漬して、飛灰中の水溶性成分を溶解させた後、その水のpHを測定し、そのpH値およびあらかじめ用意したpHと飛灰処理剤の添加量との検量線から、飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出することもできる。 Also, when using a phosphoric acid compound as a fly ash treatment agent, a certain amount of fly ash is sufficiently immersed in water to dissolve the water-soluble components in the fly ash, and then the pH of the water is measured. However, the actual addition amount of the fly ash treatment agent can be calculated from the pH value and the previously prepared calibration curve of the pH and the addition amount of the fly ash treatment agent.

そして、以上のようにして算出した実際の添加量が、処理前飛灰分析部142にて算出した適正添加量範囲内にあれば、重金属の適正な固定化処理がなされており、埋め立て処理が可能と判定し、一方で、算出した実際の添加量が、適正添加量範囲外であれば、重金属の適正な固定化処理がなされておらず、埋め立て処理できないため、再処理が必要であると判定する。 If the actual addition amount calculated as described above is within the appropriate addition amount range calculated by the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142, the heavy metals have been properly immobilized, and the landfill treatment has been carried out. On the other hand, if the calculated actual addition amount is outside the appropriate addition amount range, the heavy metals have not been properly immobilized and cannot be landfilled, so reprocessing is necessary. judge.

[データ記憶部]
データ記憶部15は、過去に処理した飛灰の性状や添加条件などの対応関係を記憶するものであり、過去の飛灰処理の記録をデータベース化するものである。データ記憶部15は、各種記憶媒体であってよい。
[Data storage part]
The data storage unit 15 stores correspondence relationships such as properties of fly ash processed in the past and addition conditions, and creates a database of records of past fly ash processing. The data storage unit 15 may be various storage media.

データ記憶部15は、処理前飛灰分析部142、処理後飛灰分析部143、飛灰供給量測定部111、飛灰処理剤供給量測定部121、水供給量測定部161および処理後飛灰含水量測定部から、各種のデータを少なくとも受信可能な状態で接続されている。 The data storage unit 15 includes a pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142, a post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143, a fly ash supply amount measurement unit 111, a fly ash treatment agent supply amount measurement unit 121, a water supply amount measurement unit 161, and a post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142. It is connected so as to be able to receive at least various data from the ash water content measurement unit.

データ記憶部15に記憶されるデータは、特に限定されないが、例えば、処理前飛灰分析部142において算出した飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲、飛灰供給量測定部111において測定した飛灰の供給量、飛灰処理剤供給量測定部121において測定した飛灰処理剤の供給量、水供給量測定部161において測定した水の供給量、処理後飛灰含水量測定部において測定した処理対象である飛灰の含水量などが挙げられ、これらの対応関係をデータベース化して記憶しておく。 The data stored in the data storage unit 15 is not particularly limited. supply amount, fly ash treatment agent supply amount measured in fly ash treatment agent supply amount measurement unit 121, water supply amount measured in water supply amount measurement unit 161, post-treatment fly ash water content measurement unit Treatment measured in For example, the moisture content of the target fly ash can be mentioned, and the correspondence between these is stored in a database.

[水供給部]
水供給部16は、水を貯留し供給するものである。水供給部16としては、特に限定されないが、例えば水を貯留するためのタンクと、一定量の水を定量して排出可能な定量フィーダーなどを組み合わせて用いることができる。
[Water supply unit]
The water supply unit 16 stores and supplies water. The water supply unit 16 is not particularly limited, but for example, a tank for storing water and a fixed amount feeder capable of discharging a fixed amount of water can be used in combination.

水供給部16は、少なくとも、水を供給可能な状態で飛灰処理部13に接続されている。 The water supply unit 16 is connected to the fly ash processing unit 13 at least in a state capable of supplying water.

また、水供給部16は、水供給量測定部161を備えることができる。このように水供給量測定部161を設けることにより、指示したとおりの水が飛灰処理部13に添加されたかを確認することができる。水供給量測定部161は、飛灰処理部13に供給された水の量を測定するものであれば特に限定されないが、具体的には、水供給部16と飛灰処理部13の間に設けた流量計、質量計や、水を貯留するためのタンクに設けた質量計、レベル計などを用いることができる。これらは1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。異なる機器を2種以上用いることにより、より正確な測定を行うことができる。 Also, the water supply unit 16 can include a water supply amount measurement unit 161 . By providing the water supply amount measuring unit 161 in this way, it is possible to confirm whether or not water as instructed has been added to the fly ash processing unit 13 . The water supply amount measurement unit 161 is not particularly limited as long as it measures the amount of water supplied to the fly ash processing unit 13, but specifically, between the water supply unit 16 and the fly ash processing unit 13 A flowmeter, a mass meter, or a mass meter, a level meter, or the like provided in a tank for storing water can be used. These may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together. A more accurate measurement can be performed by using two or more different instruments.

<第1の態様の飛灰処理方法>
第1の態様の飛灰処理方法は、例えば上述した第1の態様の飛灰処理装置を用いて行うことができるものである。この飛灰処理方法は、飛灰に対し飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するため飛灰処理方法であって、飛灰処理剤の添加前の飛灰を採取し、採取した該飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、飛灰処理剤を、適正添加量範囲内で添加する処理前飛灰分析工程と、飛灰処理剤の添加後の飛灰を採取し、処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析工程と、処理後飛灰分析工程での飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定する適正処理判定工程と、を含む方法である。具体的に、図1に示す飛灰処理装置1を用いて、この飛灰処理方法を行う流れについて説明する。ただし、この飛灰処理方法は、全ての工程について図1に示すような飛灰処理装置1を用いて自動化して行うこともできるし、一部または全ての工程または操作について手動で行うこともできる。
<Method for treating fly ash according to the first aspect>
The fly ash treatment method of the first aspect can be performed, for example, using the fly ash treatment apparatus of the first aspect described above. This fly ash treatment method is a fly ash treatment method for treating fly ash by adding a fly ash treatment agent to the fly ash. Based on the properties of the fly ash, a pre-treatment fly ash analysis step of setting an appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent necessary for fly ash treatment and adding the fly ash treatment agent within the appropriate addition amount range; After the fly ash treatment agent is added, the fly ash is collected and the processing state is measured. and a proper processing determination step of determining propriety. Specifically, the flow of performing this fly ash treatment method using the fly ash treatment apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 will be described. However, in this fly ash treatment method, all steps can be automated using a fly ash treatment apparatus 1 as shown in FIG. 1, or some or all steps or operations can be performed manually. can.

[前準備]
飛灰処理装置1を実際に稼働して、飛灰を処理する前に、測定や分析を行う、処理前飛灰分析部142、処理後飛灰分析部143、飛灰供給量測定部111、飛灰処理剤供給量測定部121、水供給量測定部161および処理後飛灰含水量測定部について、正常な測定や分析を行えるかを確認することが好ましい。
[Preparation]
Before actually operating the fly ash processing apparatus 1 and processing the fly ash, a pre-processing fly ash analysis unit 142, a post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143, a fly ash supply amount measurement unit 111, which performs measurement and analysis, It is preferable to confirm whether the fly ash treatment agent supply amount measurement unit 121, the water supply amount measurement unit 161, and the post-treatment fly ash water content measurement unit can perform normal measurement and analysis.

また、飛灰処理部13において、飛灰と飛灰処理剤が均一に混合できるか確認することが好ましい。飛灰処理部13の老朽化や飛灰中の異物の混入により、飛灰と飛灰処理剤が均一に混ざらないこともある。そこで、飛灰と飛灰処理剤の混合性を確認するために、飛灰処理剤に指標物質(例えば、塩化リチウム水溶液などのリチウム水溶液)を添加し混合して得られた飛灰を数回採取し、指標物質の濃度を分析してそのばらつきを確認することで、飛灰処理部13による飛灰と飛灰処理剤の混合性を確認することができる。そして、混合性が良好でなければ、水供給部16からの水量を調整したり、混合速度や混合時間を調整したりすることを検討する。なお、リチウムを使用するのは、通常のごみ焼却後の飛灰からは検出されにくく、かつ環境への影響も少ないためである。 Moreover, it is preferable to check whether the fly ash and the fly ash treatment agent can be uniformly mixed in the fly ash treatment unit 13 . The fly ash and the fly ash treatment agent may not be uniformly mixed due to aging of the fly ash treatment unit 13 or contamination of foreign matter in the fly ash. Therefore, in order to confirm the mixability of the fly ash and the fly ash treatment agent, the fly ash obtained by adding and mixing an indicator substance (for example, a lithium aqueous solution such as an aqueous lithium chloride solution) to the fly ash treatment agent was tested several times. By sampling and analyzing the concentration of the indicator substance and confirming its variation, it is possible to confirm the mixability of the fly ash by the fly ash processing unit 13 and the fly ash processing agent. Then, if the mixing property is not good, it is considered to adjust the amount of water supplied from the water supply unit 16, or to adjust the mixing speed and mixing time. The reason why lithium is used is that it is difficult to detect from fly ash after ordinary waste incineration and has little impact on the environment.

このようにして、前準備を行い、飛灰と飛灰処理剤の混合性を確認し、混合性のよい条件で飛灰の処理を行うことにより、飛灰処理剤が適切に混合されずに、飛灰処理剤の濃度に偏りが生じ、処理後飛灰分析部143のサンプリングが適正に行われないことを抑止することができる。 In this way, by making preliminary preparations, checking the mixability of the fly ash and the fly ash treatment agent, and treating the fly ash under conditions with good mixing, the fly ash treatment agent is not properly mixed. , it is possible to suppress the fact that the concentration of the fly ash treatment agent is uneven and the sampling of the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 is not properly performed.

[飛灰処理]
(処理前飛灰分析工程)
飛灰処理装置1を稼働するに際し、処理前飛灰分析部142は、飛灰処理添加前の飛灰の一部を採取し、採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、飛灰処理剤を適正添加量範囲内で添加するよう、飛灰処理剤供給部12に指示する。
[Fly ash treatment]
(Fly ash analysis process before treatment)
When operating the fly ash processing apparatus 1, the pre-processing fly ash analysis unit 142 collects a portion of the fly ash before addition of the fly ash processing, and based on the properties of the collected fly ash, determines the amount necessary for the fly ash processing. An appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent is set, and the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 is instructed to add the fly ash treatment agent within the appropriate addition amount range.

なお、飛灰が活性炭を含む場合には、処理基準値を求める工程分析法(13号溶出試験)に比べて最小添加量が少なく検出されるので、この知見に基づき適正添加量範囲を補正してもよい。 In addition, if the fly ash contains activated carbon, the minimum addition amount is detected as less than the process analysis method (No. 13 elution test) that determines the treatment standard value, so based on this knowledge, the appropriate addition amount range is corrected. may

ここで、飛灰処理部13には、飛灰供給部11より飛灰が供給されている。上述したように、処理前飛灰分析部142から飛灰処理剤の添加量について指示を受けた飛灰処理剤供給部12では、その量だけ飛灰処理剤を添加して十分に混練して混合する。この際、必要に応じて、水供給部16から飛灰処理部13に水を添加して、混練しやすくしてもよい。 Here, fly ash is supplied from the fly ash supply unit 11 to the fly ash processing unit 13 . As described above, in the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 that receives an instruction about the amount of fly ash treatment agent to be added from the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142, the amount of fly ash treatment agent is added and sufficiently kneaded. Mix. At this time, if necessary, water may be added from the water supply unit 16 to the fly ash processing unit 13 to facilitate kneading.

(処理後飛灰分析工程)
そして、所定の時間、飛灰処理剤と混練して処理された後の飛灰について、その一部を処理後飛灰分析部143によって採取し、その処理状態を計測する。
(Post-treatment fly ash analysis process)
A portion of the fly ash that has been kneaded with the fly ash treatment agent for a predetermined time and treated is sampled by the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 to measure the treatment state.

(適正処理判定工程)
次いで、処理後飛灰分析部143は、この計測の結果に基づいて、埋め立ての可否を判断する。
(Appropriate treatment judgment step)
Next, the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 determines whether landfilling is possible based on the result of this measurement.

埋め立て処分の可否の判定は、上述したことと同様にして行うことができ、一例としては、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、適正添加量範囲内にあるか否かで判定する。 The determination of whether landfill disposal is possible can be performed in the same manner as described above. As an example, based on the measurement results of the treated fly ash treatment state, the actual amount of fly ash treatment agent added is calculated. , It is determined whether or not the calculated actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent to be added is within the appropriate addition amount range.

以上のような飛灰処理方法は、バッチ式(回分式)または連続式のいずれで行うこともできる。バッチ式で処理を行う場合には、1バッチの開始前に処理前飛灰分析部142により飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定する。一方で、連続式で行う場合には、連続的または定期的に処理前飛灰分析部142により飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定する。連続式で行う場合の飛灰の採取の頻度は、飛灰の性状の変化の度合いやその変化の速さを調べて、あらかじめ最適な頻度を確認しておくことが好ましい。 The fly ash treatment method as described above can be carried out either batchwise (batchwise) or continuously. In the case of batch processing, the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 sets the proper addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent before starting one batch. On the other hand, in the case of the continuous method, the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 continuously or periodically sets the proper addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent. Regarding the frequency of fly ash collection in the case of continuous operation, it is preferable to confirm the optimum frequency in advance by examining the degree and speed of change in the properties of fly ash.

また、バッチ式で処理を行う場合には、1バッチの終了ごとに処理後飛灰分析部143により飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出する。一方で、連続式で処理を行う場合には、連続的または定期的に処理後飛灰分析部143により飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出して確認を行う。処理後飛灰分析部143により実際の添加量を算出するための、飛灰の採取時期は、混合が安定した後であることが好ましい。 In the case of batch processing, the post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143 calculates the actual added amount of the fly ash processing agent after each batch. On the other hand, when the treatment is performed in a continuous manner, the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 calculates and confirms the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent added continuously or periodically. It is preferable that the fly ash is collected after the mixture is stabilized in order to calculate the actual addition amount by the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 .

以上のような処理によって、環境への重金属の溶出を防止して、飛灰処理剤の量を過剰の添加をせず適正な量で処理しながら、より安定的な飛灰処理を行うことができる。 By the above treatment, it is possible to prevent the elution of heavy metals into the environment, and to perform more stable fly ash treatment while treating with an appropriate amount of fly ash treatment agent without excessive addition. can.

なお、リアルタイムで処理の傾向を確認することにより、万が一の処理不良に迅速に対応することができる。 In addition, by confirming the trend of processing in real time, it is possible to respond quickly to any defective processing.

万が一の処理不良に備えて、処理不良や処理能の低下が確認された場合、アラームなどを備えてもよい。 In preparation for a possible processing failure, an alarm or the like may be provided when a processing failure or a decrease in processing performance is confirmed.

処理不良が起こった場合、判定不良の原因を特定し、必要な対処を行う。具体的に、処理不要の原因は、処理(混合)精度の低下、各計測機器または分析機器の精度低下、飛灰の性状変化、飛灰処理剤添加と添加後の飛灰の性状の測定のタイミングのズレなどに分けて分析する。 If a processing failure occurs, identify the cause of the determination failure and take necessary measures. Specifically, the reasons why processing is unnecessary are the decrease in processing (mixing) accuracy, the decrease in accuracy of each measuring instrument or analysis instrument, the change in the properties of fly ash, the addition of a fly ash treatment agent, and the measurement of the properties of fly ash after addition. Analyze by dividing into timing gaps.

そして、処理(混合)精度の低下の場合には、加湿水量の調整を行う。それでも改善されない場合は撹拌羽根の劣化などの処理(混合)装置の不良と考えられるため処理(混合)装置のメンテナンスを行う。 Then, when the processing (mixing) accuracy is lowered, the amount of humidifying water is adjusted. If the problem is still not improved, the processing (mixing) equipment is considered to be defective, such as deterioration of the stirring blade, and maintenance of the processing (mixing) equipment is performed.

各計測機器または分析機器の精度低下の場合には、各種メンテナンス、修理、新品への交換などを行う。 If the accuracy of each measuring instrument or analytical instrument is degraded, perform various maintenance, repairs, replacement with new ones, etc.

飛灰の性状変化の場合には、実際の必要量と処理前飛灰分析部での測定結果との乖離度を調べて処理前飛灰分析部での適正添加率算出式の補正(例えば、乖離度を補正係数化して、補正係数を積算するなど)を行う。 In the case of changes in the properties of fly ash, the degree of divergence between the actual required amount and the measurement results at the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit is examined, and the appropriate addition rate calculation formula at the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit is corrected (for example, convert the degree of divergence into a correction coefficient and integrate the correction coefficient).

飛灰処理剤の添加前と添加後にそれぞれ採取飛灰処理部で処理した飛灰の処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析部と、を有飛灰の性状の計測は、両者の計測間隔をできるだけ短くすることが、飛灰処理剤の添加量をより正確に制御できることから、そのように飛灰処理装置を構成することが好ましい。 Before and after the addition of the fly ash treatment agent, each sample is collected A post-processing fly ash analysis unit that measures the processing state of the fly ash processed by the fly ash processing unit. Since it is possible to more accurately control the amount of the fly ash treatment agent to be added by making it as short as possible, it is preferable to configure the fly ash treatment apparatus in such a manner.

[維持管理]
処理前飛灰分析部142、処理後飛灰分析部143、飛灰供給量測定部111、飛灰処理剤供給量測定部121、水供給量測定部161および処理後飛灰含水量測定部など、分析機器、測定機器をモニタリングして常に適正な処理を維持できている確認することが好ましい。また、飛灰に硬質の異物が混入した場合、飛灰処理部13の負荷が上昇することがある。このような飛灰処理部13の負荷を、例えば、撹拌羽根が受ける圧力などから検知して、運転状態や、飛灰と飛灰処理剤との混合状態を確認することができる。
[Maintenance]
Pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142, post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143, fly ash supply amount measurement unit 111, fly ash treatment agent supply amount measurement unit 121, water supply amount measurement unit 161, post-treatment fly ash moisture content measurement unit, etc. , analysis equipment, and measurement equipment to ensure that proper treatment is maintained at all times. In addition, when hard foreign matter is mixed in the fly ash, the load on the fly ash processing unit 13 may increase. The load of the fly ash processing unit 13 can be detected, for example, from the pressure received by the stirring blade, and the operating state and the mixed state of the fly ash and the fly ash processing agent can be confirmed.

維持管理にあたっては、定期的にそれぞれの分析に用いる検量線(例えば、吸光度の検量線)などを更新することが好ましい。また、定期的に測定機器のセンサー感度を確認することが好ましい。さらに、処理に使用する水(水供給部16の水)の水質についても定期的に確認することが好ましい。 For maintenance, it is preferable to periodically update the calibration curve (for example, the absorbance calibration curve) used for each analysis. Also, it is preferable to periodically check the sensor sensitivity of the measuring device. Furthermore, it is preferable to periodically check the water quality of the water used for the treatment (the water in the water supply unit 16).

また、使用する飛灰処理剤や、飛灰処理装置1内の各種フィルターも定期的に交換することが好ましい。飛灰処理装置1の動作確認も定期的に行うことが好ましい。 In addition, it is preferable to periodically replace the fly ash treatment agent used and various filters in the fly ash treatment apparatus 1 . It is preferable to periodically check the operation of the fly ash processing apparatus 1 .

また、処理前後の飛灰についても定期的に採取して、公定分析し、処理前飛灰分析部142および処理後飛灰分析部143の測定値とクロスチェックすることが好ましい。 In addition, it is preferable to periodically collect the fly ash before and after the treatment, perform official analysis, and cross-check the measured values of the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142 and the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 .

<第2の態様の飛灰処理装置>
本発明に係る第2の態様の飛灰処理装置は、上述した第1の態様の飛灰処理装置1とは同様な構成を有するものの、主として処理後飛灰分析部143の動作が異なる。したがって、第2の態様の飛灰処理装置も、その構成のフロー図は、図1で表される構成と同様であるため、以下、図1を適宜参照して説明する。なお、第1の態様の飛灰処理装置と共通する構成(飛灰供給部11、飛灰処理剤供給部12、飛灰処理部13、飛灰処理剤添加管理部14のうち処理前飛灰採取部141および処理前飛灰分析部142ならびに水供給部16)についてはその説明を省略する。
<Fly ash processing apparatus of the second aspect>
The fly ash processing apparatus of the second aspect of the present invention has the same configuration as the fly ash processing apparatus 1 of the first aspect described above, but differs mainly in the operation of the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 . Therefore, since the flow diagram of the configuration of the fly ash processing apparatus of the second aspect is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 1, it will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the configuration common to the fly ash treatment apparatus of the first aspect (fly ash supply unit 11, fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12, fly ash treatment unit 13, fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14) Descriptions of the collection unit 141, the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142, and the water supply unit 16) are omitted.

[飛灰処理剤添加管理部]
飛灰処理剤添加管理部14は、飛灰処理部13への飛灰処理剤の添加を、飛灰処理剤供給部12に指示するものである。この飛灰処理剤添加管理部14は、飛灰を採取する処理前飛灰採取部141と、処理前飛灰採取部141で採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、飛灰処理剤が適正添加量範囲内で飛灰処理部13に添加されるように飛灰処理剤供給部12に指示する処理前飛灰分析部142と、飛灰処理部13で処理した飛灰の処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析部143と、を有する。
[Fly ash treatment agent addition management department]
The fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14 instructs the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 to add the fly ash treatment agent to the fly ash treatment unit 13 . The fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 14 includes a pre-treatment fly ash collection unit 141 for collecting fly ash, and a fly ash collection unit 141 for collecting fly ash. A pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit that sets an appropriate addition amount range of the ash treatment agent and instructs the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 so that the fly ash treatment agent is added to the fly ash treatment unit 13 within the appropriate addition amount range. 142 and a post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143 that measures the processing state of the fly ash processed by the fly ash processing unit 13 .

そして、第2の態様の飛灰処理装置においては、上述したとおり、このうち処理後飛灰分析部143は、第1の態様の飛灰処理装置とその動作が異なり、具体的に、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、飛灰処理部13への飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、適正添加量範囲外であって、過不足が生じていると判定した場合にのみ、飛灰処理部13への飛灰処理剤の添加量を増減させて、飛灰処理剤の添加量が適正添加量範囲内になるように、飛灰処理剤供給部12への指示を変更するものである。 In the fly ash processing apparatus of the second aspect, as described above, the post-processing fly ash analysis unit 143 differs in its operation from the fly ash processing apparatus of the first aspect, and specifically, Based on the measurement result of the fly ash treatment state, the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent to be added to the fly ash treatment unit 13 is calculated, and the calculated actual addition amount of the fly ash treatment agent is outside the appropriate addition amount range. Only when it is determined that an excess or deficiency has occurred, the amount of the fly ash treatment agent added to the fly ash treatment unit 13 is increased or decreased, and the amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is within the appropriate addition amount range. The instruction to the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 is changed so that

実際の添加量の算出方法については上述した方法と同様にして行うことができる。 The method of calculating the actual amount to be added can be performed in the same manner as the method described above.

このようにして算出した実際の添加量が、処理前飛灰分析部142で設定した適正添加量範囲外である場合に、過不足が生じていると判断し、飛灰処理剤供給部12へ飛灰処理剤の添加量を変更するよう指示する。具体的に、実際の添加量が適正添加量範囲も多い場合には、過剰に添加を行っていると判定し、添加量を減らすよう指示し、実際の添加量が適正添加量範囲も少ない場合には、添加量に不足があると判定し、添加量を増やすよう指示する。 If the actual amount of addition calculated in this way is outside the proper addition amount range set by the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142, it is determined that an excess or deficiency has occurred, and the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 Instruct to change the amount of fly ash treatment agent added. Specifically, if the actual addition amount is too large in the proper addition amount range, it is determined that the addition is excessive, and the instruction is given to reduce the addition amount. is determined to be insufficient, and instructions are given to increase the amount added.

<第2の態様の飛灰処理方法>
第2の態様の飛灰処理方法は、例えば上述した第2の態様の飛灰処理装置を用いて行うことができるものである。この第2の態様の飛灰処理方法は、飛灰に対し飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するため飛灰処理方法であって、飛灰処理剤の添加前の飛灰を採取し、採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、飛灰処理剤を、適正添加量範囲内で添加する処理前飛灰分析工程と、飛灰処理剤の添加後の飛灰を採取し、処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析工程と、処理後飛灰分析工程での飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、飛灰処理部への飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、適正添加量範囲外である場合、飛灰を処理するのに過不足が生じていると判定する適正処理判定工程と、過不足が生じていると判定した場合にのみ、飛灰処理剤の添加量を増減させて、飛灰処理剤の添加量が適正添加量範囲内になるように、飛灰処理剤の添加量を変更する飛灰処理剤添加量変更工程と、を含む方法である。なお、この飛灰処理方法も、全ての工程について図1に示すような飛灰処理装置1を用いて自動化して行うこともできるし、一部または全ての工程または操作について手動で行うこともできる。
<Method for treating fly ash according to the second aspect>
The fly ash treatment method of the second aspect can be carried out, for example, by using the fly ash treatment apparatus of the second aspect described above. The fly ash treatment method of the second aspect is a fly ash treatment method for treating the fly ash by adding a fly ash treatment agent to the fly ash, and the fly ash treatment agent before the addition of the fly ash treatment agent. Based on the properties of the collected fly ash, set the appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment, and add the fly ash treatment agent within the appropriate addition amount range. Fly ash before processing Based on the measurement results of the fly ash treatment status in the analysis process, the post-treatment fly ash analysis process of collecting the fly ash after the addition of the fly ash treatment agent and measuring the treatment status, and the post-treatment fly ash analysis process , Calculate the actual amount of fly ash treatment agent added to the fly ash processing unit, and if the actual amount of the calculated fly ash treatment agent is outside the appropriate addition amount range, it will be excessive to treat the fly ash. Appropriate treatment determination process for determining that there is a shortage, and only when it is determined that there is an excess or deficiency, the amount of fly ash treatment agent added is increased or decreased so that the amount of fly ash treatment agent added is the appropriate amount. and a fly ash treatment agent addition amount changing step of changing the addition amount of the fly ash treatment agent so that it falls within the range. In this fly ash treatment method, all steps can be automated using a fly ash treatment apparatus 1 as shown in FIG. 1, or some or all steps or operations can be performed manually. can.

この飛灰処理方法は、上述した第1の態様の飛灰処理方法と比較して、適正処理判定工程の具体的な操作が異なるとともに、さらに飛灰処理剤添加量変更工程を有する点も異なる。以下、この2つの工程について、具体的に説明する。 This fly ash treatment method differs from the fly ash treatment method of the first aspect described above in the specific operation of the appropriate treatment determination step, and also in that it has a fly ash treatment agent addition amount change step. . These two steps will be specifically described below.

(適正処理判定工程)
適正処理判定工程は、処理後飛灰分析工程での飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、飛灰処理部13への飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、適正添加量範囲外である場合、飛灰を処理するのに過不足が生じていると判定する工程である。
(Appropriate treatment judgment step)
In the proper treatment determination step, the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent to be added to the fly ash treatment unit 13 is calculated based on the measurement result of the fly ash treatment state in the post-treatment fly ash analysis step, and the calculated fly ash If the actual amount of the treatment agent added is out of the appropriate addition amount range, it is determined that there is an excess or deficiency in treating the fly ash.

すなわち、処理後飛灰分析部143により算出した飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、処理前飛灰分析部142により設定した飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲内である場合には、適正に処理が行えており、このようにして処理された飛灰は、埋め立て処分が可能であると判定される。 That is, if the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent added calculated by the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 is within the appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent set by the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142, the appropriate It is determined that the fly ash treated in this way can be landfilled.

これに対し、処理後飛灰分析部143により算出した飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、処理前飛灰分析部142により設定した飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲より多い場合、飛灰は十分に処理されているから、埋め立て処分が可能である。ただし、余剰の飛灰処理剤の添加は、コストを増加させる原因となるし、飛灰処理剤としてキレート剤などの有機系飛灰処理剤を用いる場合には、飛灰の処理に必要な有機系処理剤の添加量よりも余剰に添加していると、その余剰添加量の分だけ、COD排出量が多くなる。このため、飛灰処理剤の余剰な添加量を減らして、実際の添加量が適正添加量範囲内になるように、飛灰処理剤供給部12に対する飛灰処理剤の添加量の指示を変更する必要がある。 On the other hand, when the actual addition amount of the fly ash treatment agent calculated by the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 is greater than the appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent set by the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142, the fly ash is sufficiently treated that it can be landfilled. However, the addition of excess fly ash treatment agent causes an increase in cost, and when using an organic fly ash treatment agent such as a chelating agent as a fly ash treatment agent, the organic fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment If the system treatment agent is added in excess of the amount added, the amount of COD emissions increases by the amount of excess addition. For this reason, the instruction of the amount of fly ash treatment agent to be added to the fly ash treatment agent supply unit 12 is changed so that the excessive addition amount of the fly ash treatment agent is reduced and the actual addition amount is within the appropriate addition amount range. There is a need to.

また、処理後飛灰分析部143により算出した飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、処理前飛灰分析部142により設定した飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲より少ない場合、飛灰は十分に処理されていないから、埋め立て処分することができない。かかる場合には、処理後の飛灰は、再処理するための装置系に送られ、そこで処理される。 Also, if the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent calculated by the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 is less than the appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent set by the pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 142, the fly ash is sufficient. It cannot be disposed of in landfills because it has not been properly treated. In such a case, the fly ash after treatment is sent to an equipment system for reprocessing and treated therein.

このような飛灰処理方法によれば、灰を処理するに際し、飛灰の性状などの違いによって、飛灰を処理するのに必要な飛灰処理剤の適正な添加量が変動した場合であっても、正しい適正添加量に補正することができ、飛灰処理剤を過剰添加することによる処理コストの上昇や、処理した飛灰を埋立て処分した際のCOD負荷の問題が生じるのを有効に防止することができ、より高い信頼性をもって飛灰中の重金属を不溶化することができる。 According to such a fly ash treatment method, when treating the ash, the proper amount of the fly ash treatment agent required to treat the fly ash may vary due to differences in the properties of the fly ash. However, it can be corrected to the correct and appropriate amount to be added, and it is effective to solve the problem of increased processing costs due to excessive addition of fly ash treatment agents and COD load when treated fly ash is disposed of in landfills. can be prevented, and heavy metals in fly ash can be insolubilized with higher reliability.

1 飛灰処理装置
11 飛灰供給部
111 飛灰供給量測定部
12 飛灰処理剤供給部
121 飛灰処理剤供給量測定部
13 飛灰処理部
14 飛灰処理剤添加管理部
141 処理前飛灰採取部
142 処理前飛灰分析部
143 処理後飛灰分析部
15 データ記憶部
16 水供給部
161 水供給量測定部
2 飛灰処理装置
21 飛灰供給部
211 飛灰供給量測定部
22 飛灰処理剤供給部
221 飛灰処理剤供給量測定部
23 飛灰処理部
24 飛灰処理剤添加管理部
241 処理前飛灰採取部
242 処理前飛灰分析部
25 データ記憶部
26 水供給部
261 水供給量測定部

1 fly ash treatment device 11 fly ash supply unit 111 fly ash supply amount measurement unit 12 fly ash treatment agent supply unit 121 fly ash treatment agent supply amount measurement unit 13 fly ash treatment unit 14 fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 141 pre-treatment fly Ash sampling unit 142 Pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 143 Post-treatment fly ash analysis unit 15 Data storage unit 16 Water supply unit 161 Water supply amount measurement unit 2 Fly ash processing device 21 Fly ash supply unit 211 Fly ash supply amount measurement unit 22 Fly Ash treatment agent supply unit 221 Fly ash treatment agent supply amount measurement unit 23 Fly ash treatment unit 24 Fly ash treatment agent addition management unit 241 Pre-treatment fly ash sampling unit 242 Pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit 25 Data storage unit 26 Water supply unit 261 Water supply measurement unit

Claims (4)

飛灰を貯留し供給する飛灰供給部と、
飛灰処理剤を貯留し供給する飛灰処理剤供給部と、
前記飛灰供給部から飛灰を供給するとともに、前記飛灰処理剤供給部から飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するための飛灰処理部と、
前記飛灰処理剤の添加を、前記飛灰処理剤供給部に指示する飛灰処理剤添加管理部と、
を備える飛灰処理装置であって、
前記飛灰処理剤添加管理部は、
飛灰を採取する処理前飛灰採取部と、
処理前飛灰分析部と、
前記飛灰処理部で処理した飛灰の処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析部と、
を有し、
前記処理前飛灰分析部は、前記処理前飛灰採取部で採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、前記飛灰処理剤が、前記適正添加量範囲内で前記飛灰処理部に添加されるように前記飛灰処理剤供給部に指示し、
前記処理後飛灰分析部は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定し、
前記処理後飛灰分析部での埋め立て処分の可否は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、前記飛灰処理部への前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、前記適正添加量範囲内にあるか否かで判定する、飛灰処理装置。
A fly ash supply unit that stores and supplies fly ash,
A fly ash treatment agent supply unit that stores and supplies a fly ash treatment agent;
A fly ash processing unit for supplying fly ash from the fly ash supply unit and adding a fly ash processing agent from the fly ash processing agent supply unit to process the fly ash;
A fly ash treatment agent addition management unit that instructs the fly ash treatment agent supply unit to add the fly ash treatment agent;
A fly ash processing device comprising
The fly ash treatment agent addition management department,
A pre-treatment fly ash collecting unit for collecting fly ash,
Pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit,
A post-processing fly ash analysis unit that measures the processing state of the fly ash processed by the fly ash processing unit;
has
The pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit sets an appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment based on the properties of the fly ash collected by the pre-treatment fly ash collection unit, and the fly ash treatment. Instruct the fly ash treatment agent supply unit so that the agent is added to the fly ash treatment unit within the appropriate addition amount range,
The post-treatment fly ash analysis unit determines whether landfill disposal is possible based on the measurement result of the processing state of the treated fly ash ,
The feasibility of landfill disposal in the post-treatment fly ash analysis unit is based on the measurement result of the processing state of the treated fly ash, calculating the actual amount of the fly ash processing agent added to the fly ash processing unit, A fly ash treatment apparatus , wherein it is determined whether or not the calculated actual addition amount of the fly ash treatment agent is within the appropriate addition amount range .
飛灰を貯留し供給する飛灰供給部と、
飛灰処理剤を貯留し供給する飛灰処理剤供給部と、
前記飛灰供給部から飛灰を供給するとともに、前記飛灰処理剤供給部から飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するための飛灰処理部と、
前記飛灰処理剤の添加を、前記飛灰処理剤供給部に指示する飛灰処理剤添加管理部と、
を備える飛灰処理装置であって、
前記飛灰処理剤添加管理部は、
飛灰を採取する処理前飛灰採取部と、
前記飛灰処理部で処理する前の飛灰の性状を計測する処理前飛灰分析部と、
前記飛灰処理部で処理した後の飛灰の処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析部と、
を有し、
前記処理前飛灰分析部は、前記処理前飛灰採取部で採取した飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、前記飛灰処理剤が、前記適正添加量範囲内で前記飛灰処理部に添加されるように前記飛灰処理剤供給部に指示し、
前記処理後飛灰分析部は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、前記飛灰処理部への前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、前記適正添加量範囲外であって、過不足が生じていると判定した場合にのみ、前記飛灰処理部への前記飛灰処理剤の添加量を増減させて、前記飛灰処理剤の添加量が前記適正添加量範囲内になるように、前記飛灰処理剤供給部への指示を変更する、飛灰処理装置。
A fly ash supply unit that stores and supplies fly ash,
A fly ash treatment agent supply unit that stores and supplies a fly ash treatment agent;
A fly ash processing unit for supplying fly ash from the fly ash supply unit and adding a fly ash processing agent from the fly ash processing agent supply unit to process the fly ash;
A fly ash treatment agent addition management unit that instructs the fly ash treatment agent supply unit to add the fly ash treatment agent;
A fly ash processing device comprising
The fly ash treatment agent addition management department,
A pre-treatment fly ash collecting unit for collecting fly ash,
A pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit that measures the properties of the fly ash before being treated by the fly ash processing unit;
A post-processing fly ash analysis unit that measures the processing state of fly ash after processing in the fly ash processing unit;
has
The pre-treatment fly ash analysis unit sets an appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment based on the properties of the fly ash collected by the pre-treatment fly ash collection unit, and the fly ash treatment. Instruct the fly ash treatment agent supply unit so that the agent is added to the fly ash treatment unit within the appropriate addition amount range,
The post-treatment fly ash analysis unit calculates the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent to be added to the fly ash processing unit based on the measurement results of the processing state of the treated fly ash, and the calculated fly ash treatment Only when it is determined that the actual amount of agent added is outside the appropriate addition amount range and an excess or deficiency has occurred, the amount of the fly ash treatment agent added to the fly ash treatment unit is increased or decreased. , the fly ash treatment device, wherein the instruction to the fly ash treatment agent supply unit is changed so that the amount of the fly ash treatment agent to be added is within the appropriate addition amount range.
飛灰に対し飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するため飛灰処理方法であって、
前記飛灰処理剤の添加前の飛灰を採取し、採取した該飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、前記飛灰処理剤を、前記適正添加量範囲内で添加する処理前飛灰分析工程と、
前記飛灰処理剤の添加後の飛灰を採取し、処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析工程と、
処理後飛灰分析工程での飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、埋め立て処分の可否を判定する適正処理判定工程と、を含み、
前記適正処理判定工程での埋め立て処分の可否は、処理した飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、前記適正添加量範囲内にあるか否かで判定する、飛灰処理方法。
A fly ash treatment method for treating fly ash by adding a fly ash treatment agent to the fly ash,
Fly ash before addition of the fly ash treatment agent is collected, based on the properties of the collected fly ash, an appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment is set, and the fly ash treatment agent A pre-treatment fly ash analysis step of adding within the appropriate addition amount range,
A post-treatment fly ash analysis step of collecting the fly ash after the addition of the fly ash treatment agent and measuring the treatment state;
An appropriate processing determination step for determining whether landfill disposal is possible based on the measurement results of the fly ash processing state in the post-processing fly ash analysis step ,
The propriety of landfill disposal in the appropriate treatment determination step is based on the measurement results of the treated fly ash treatment state, and the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent calculated. A fly ash treatment method , wherein the amount of addition is determined by whether or not it is within the appropriate addition amount range .
飛灰に対し飛灰処理剤を添加して、飛灰を処理するため飛灰処理方法であって、
前記飛灰処理剤の添加前の飛灰を採取し、採取した該飛灰の性状に基づいて、飛灰処理に必要な飛灰処理剤の適正添加量範囲を設定し、前記飛灰処理剤を、前記適正添加量範囲内で添加する処理前飛灰分析工程と、
前記飛灰処理剤の添加後の飛灰を採取し、処理状態を計測する処理後飛灰分析工程と、
処理後飛灰分析工程での飛灰の処理状態の計測結果に基づいて、前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量を算出し、算出した前記飛灰処理剤の実際の添加量が、前記適正添加量範囲外である場合、飛灰を処理するのに過不足が生じていると判定する適正処理判定工程と、
過不足が生じていると判定した場合にのみ、前記飛灰処理剤の添加量を増減させて、前記飛灰処理剤の添加量が前記適正添加量範囲内になるように、前記飛灰処理剤の添加量を変更する飛灰処理剤添加量変更工程と、を含む飛灰処理方法。
A fly ash treatment method for treating fly ash by adding a fly ash treatment agent to the fly ash,
Fly ash before addition of the fly ash treatment agent is collected, based on the properties of the collected fly ash, an appropriate addition amount range of the fly ash treatment agent required for fly ash treatment is set, and the fly ash treatment agent A pre-treatment fly ash analysis step of adding within the appropriate addition amount range,
A post-treatment fly ash analysis step of collecting the fly ash after the addition of the fly ash treatment agent and measuring the treatment state;
Based on the measurement results of the fly ash treatment state in the post-treatment fly ash analysis step , the actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is calculated, and the calculated actual amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is A proper processing determination step of determining that there is an excess or deficiency in processing the fly ash if it is outside the proper addition amount range;
Only when it is determined that an excess or deficiency has occurred, the amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is increased or decreased, and the fly ash treatment is performed so that the amount of the fly ash treatment agent added is within the appropriate addition amount range. and a fly ash treatment agent addition amount changing step of changing the addition amount of the agent.
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