JP7249702B1 - Bolt with looseness sensor, its usage and looseness detection system - Google Patents

Bolt with looseness sensor, its usage and looseness detection system Download PDF

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JP7249702B1
JP7249702B1 JP2022111279A JP2022111279A JP7249702B1 JP 7249702 B1 JP7249702 B1 JP 7249702B1 JP 2022111279 A JP2022111279 A JP 2022111279A JP 2022111279 A JP2022111279 A JP 2022111279A JP 7249702 B1 JP7249702 B1 JP 7249702B1
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bolt body
bolt
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looseness
contact
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JP2024009615A (en
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芳隆 秋野
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes

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Abstract

【課題】簡単な構成で、構造物への取り付けも容易であり、確実にボルトの緩みを検知することができる緩みセンサ付きボルトとその使用方法並びに緩み検出システムを提供する。【解決手段】雄ネジ部１２ａと頭部１４とを有したボルト本体１２の中心軸Ｃ方向に穿設された深穴１６を備える。深穴１６内の底部に一端部が固定され、固定された一端部以外は深穴１６の内周面に拘束されないピン２０を、深穴１６内に有する。ボルト本体１２の頭部１４に固定され、雄ネジ部１２ａに掛かる軸力によりピン２０の他端部に離接可能に設けられた接触センサ２２を備える。接触センサ２２は、ボルト本体１２の緩みによりボルト本体１２の軸方向に掛かる軸力が低下してボルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａが縮み、ピン２０の他端部に対して接触センサ２２の接触端部が、離間状態から接触状態になったことを示す信号を出力する。【選択図】図５A bolt with a looseness sensor that has a simple configuration, can be easily attached to a structure, and is capable of reliably detecting looseness of the bolt, its usage method, and a looseness detection system are provided. A bolt body (12) having a male screw portion (12a) and a head (14) is provided with a deep hole (16) drilled in a central axis (C) direction. The deep hole 16 has a pin 20 having one end fixed to the bottom of the deep hole 16 and not restrained by the inner peripheral surface of the deep hole 16 except for the fixed one end. A contact sensor 22 is provided which is fixed to the head portion 14 of the bolt body 12 and is detachably attached to the other end portion of the pin 20 by an axial force acting on the male screw portion 12a. When the bolt body 12 is loosened, the axial force acting in the axial direction of the bolt body 12 is reduced, and the male threaded portion 12a of the bolt body 12 is contracted. The end outputs a signal indicating that it has changed from the separated state to the contact state. [Selection drawing] Fig. 5

Description

この発明は、種々の構造物を締結するボルトの緩みを検知するセンサを備えた緩みセンサ付きボルトとその使用方法並びに緩み検出システムに関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a bolt with a looseness sensor equipped with a sensor for detecting looseness of a bolt that fastens various structures, a method for using the same, and a looseness detection system.

トンネルや橋梁等のインフラ構造物、その他の各種連結対象物の部材同士を締結するボルトは、経時的に緩みが生じ、定期的な検査が必要であるとともに、ボルトの緩みを原因とする事故や問題が生じている。そこで、ボルトの緩みを検知する種々のセンサボルトが提案されている。 Bolts that fasten members of infrastructure structures such as tunnels and bridges, and other various objects to be connected, become loose over time. I have a problem. Therefore, various sensor bolts have been proposed for detecting loosening of bolts.

特許文献１に開示されたセンサボルトは、ボルトの頭部から軸線方向に穿設した深穴内に、歪みを検出する歪みセンサを挿入して固定したものである。さらに、ボルト頭部に収容され歪みセンサの出力を増幅するとともに、歪みセンサ出力と予め設定した設定値との比較を行い、少なくともボルト締め付け後における設定値より歪みセンサ出力が低下した時に出力を送出する増幅器と、ボルト頭部に固定され増幅器からの出力によりボルト締めに緩みが生じたことを表示する表示器を備えたものである。 The sensor bolt disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a strain sensor for detecting strain inserted and fixed in a deep hole drilled in the axial direction from the head of the bolt. In addition, it amplifies the output of the strain sensor housed in the bolt head, compares the strain sensor output with a preset set value, and sends an output when the strain sensor output drops below the set value at least after tightening the bolt. and an indicator that is fixed to the bolt head and indicates that the bolt has loosened due to the output from the amplifier.

特許文献２に開示された歪み量測定機能付きボルトは、ボルトの軸内部に、ひずみセンサおよびダミー抵抗からなるホイートストンブリッジ回路と、このホイートストンブリッジ回路からの信号を増幅してデジタル信号に変換する変換回路と、デジタル信号をボルトの外部に送信するための送信回路と、ボルトの外部から受けた電磁波エネルギを回路の電源として供給する電源回路とを設け、ホイートストンブリッジ回路を構成するひずみセンサおよびダミー抵抗が、同一のシリコン単結晶部材面上に形成されたものである。 The bolt with a strain amount measuring function disclosed in Patent Document 2 has a Wheatstone bridge circuit consisting of a strain sensor and a dummy resistor inside the shaft of the bolt, and a converter that amplifies the signal from this Wheatstone bridge circuit and converts it to a digital signal. A transmission circuit for transmitting digital signals to the outside of the bolt, and a power supply circuit for supplying electromagnetic wave energy received from the outside of the bolt as the power supply for the circuit. are formed on the same silicon single crystal member surface.

特許文献３に開示されたボルト軸力測定装置は、ボルト内を伝播する超音波の伝播時間に基づいてボルトの軸力を測定するボルト軸力測定装置であって、ボルトに超音波を送波してボルトから反射波を受波する超音波送受波部と、反射波の波形内から測定点を検出する測定点検出部とを備える。さらに、複数回得られた反射波の各々の波形内から検出された測定点に基づいて、異なる測定点間の時間差からボルト内における超音波の伝播時間を実測する伝播時間実測部と、温度測定手段によって測定される前記実測時のボルトの温度に基づいて、ボルト内における超音波伝播速度の温度依存性を反映させた伝播時間の補正係数を算出する補正係数算出部と、実測された伝播時間と算出された補正係数とに基づいて温度補正後の伝播時間を算出する伝播時間補正部とを有するボルトの軸力測定装置である。 The bolt axial force measuring device disclosed in Patent Document 3 is a bolt axial force measuring device that measures the axial force of a bolt based on the propagation time of ultrasonic waves propagating in the bolt, and transmits ultrasonic waves to the bolt. and an ultrasonic wave transmitting/receiving section for receiving the reflected wave from the bolt, and a measuring point detecting section for detecting the measuring point from within the waveform of the reflected wave. Further, a propagation time measurement part for actually measuring the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt from the time difference between different measurement points based on the measurement points detected from within each waveform of the reflected wave obtained a plurality of times; a correction coefficient calculation unit for calculating a correction coefficient for the propagation time reflecting the temperature dependence of the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt based on the measured bolt temperature measured by means; and the actually measured propagation time. and a propagation time correction unit for calculating the propagation time after temperature correction based on the calculated correction coefficient.

特開平１１－１１８６３７号公報JP-A-11-118637 特許第４３２９４７７号公報Japanese Patent No. 4329477 特開２０１０－２１６８０４号公報JP 2010-216804 A

上記特許文献１に開示されたセンサボルトは、ボルトの軸線方向の深穴内に歪みセンサを備えるとともに、ボルト頭部に増幅器と表示器を備えるもので、ボルトに取り付ける電子部品が多く、構造も複雑である。上記特許文献２に開示された歪み量測定機能付きボルトも、シリコン単結晶部材のセンサ装置をボルトに取り付けたもので、構造が複雑であり、コストもかかるものである。さらに、特許文献３に開示されたボルト軸力測定装置は、ボルト内を伝播する超音波を測定するもので、周辺機器が複雑であり、使用方法が面倒でコストもかかるものである。 The sensor bolt disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a strain sensor in a deep hole in the axial direction of the bolt, and has an amplifier and an indicator in the bolt head. is. The bolt with a strain amount measuring function disclosed in Patent Document 2 also has a sensor device made of a silicon single crystal member attached to the bolt, and has a complicated structure and high cost. Furthermore, the bolt axial force measuring device disclosed in Patent Document 3 measures ultrasonic waves propagating inside the bolt, and the peripheral equipment is complicated, the method of use is troublesome, and the cost is high.

この発明は、上記背景技術に鑑みて成されたもので、簡単な構成で、構造物への取り付けも容易であり、確実にボルトの緩みを検知することができる緩みセンサ付きボルトとその使用方法並びに緩み検出システムを提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above background art, and has a simple structure, is easy to attach to a structure, and is capable of reliably detecting loosening of the bolt. It is another object of the present invention to provide a looseness detection system.

この発明は、雄ネジ部と頭部とを有したボルト本体の中心軸方向に穿設された深穴を備え、前記深穴内の底部に一端部が固定され、固定された前記一端部以外は前記深穴の内周面に拘束されないピンが前記深穴内に設けられ、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に固定され、前記雄ネジ部に掛かる軸力により前記ピンの他端部に離接可能に設けられた接触センサを備え、前記接触センサは、前記ボルト本体の緩みにより前記ボルト本体の軸方向に掛かる軸力が低下して前記ボルト本体の前記雄ネジ部が縮み、前記ピンの他端部に対して前記接触センサの接触端部が、離間状態から接触状態になったことを示す信号を出力する緩みセンサ付きボルトである。 The present invention comprises a deep hole drilled in the direction of the center axis of a bolt body having a male threaded portion and a head, one end of which is fixed to the bottom of the deep hole, and the rest of the bolt other than the fixed one end. A pin that is not constrained by the inner peripheral surface of the deep hole is provided in the deep hole, fixed to the head of the bolt body, and separable from the other end of the pin by an axial force applied to the male threaded portion. In the contact sensor, the loosening of the bolt body reduces the axial force acting in the axial direction of the bolt body, the male threaded portion of the bolt body shrinks, and the other end portion of the pin. The bolt with a looseness sensor outputs a signal indicating that the contact end portion of the contact sensor has changed from a separated state to a contact state with respect to the bolt.

前記深穴は、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部から前記ボルト本体の前記雄ネジ部内に連通し、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に、前記接触センサが固定される雌ネジ部が形成されているものである。 The deep hole communicates from the head portion of the bolt body to the male thread portion of the bolt body, and the head portion of the bolt body is formed with a female thread portion to which the contact sensor is fixed. is.

前記ボルト本体の前記雌ネジ部には、シール部材を介して前記接触センサが水密状態で前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に固定されるものでも良い。 The contact sensor may be watertightly fixed to the head of the bolt body via a sealing member in the female screw portion of the bolt body.

またこの発明は、雄ネジ部と頭部とを有したボルト本体の中心軸方向に穿設された深穴を備え、前記深穴内の底部に一端部が固定され、固定された前記一端部以外は前記深穴の内周面に拘束されないピンと、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に固定され、前記雄ネジ部に掛かる軸力により前記ピンの他端部に離接可能に設けられた接触センサとを備えた緩みセンサ付きボルトを用いて、前記ボルト本体を、締結対象物の雌ネジ部材とともに前記締結対象物に取り付け、前記ボルト本体の前記雄ネジ部を相対的に回転させて、前記締結対象物に対して規定の締め付け力で締結した状態で、前記接触センサの接触端部が前記ピンの前記他端部に接触した状態とし、前記締結対象物に取り付けられた前記ボルト本体の緩みにより、前記雄ネジ部の軸力が低下して前記雄ネジ部に縮み生じた場合の許容縮み量に対応した所定間隔だけ、前記接触端部を前記ピンの前記他端部から離間させて前記接触センサを前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に固定し、使用状態において、前記ボルト本体の締結状態に緩みが生じ、前記ボルト本体の縮みが前記許容縮み量に達すると、前記ピンの前記他端部で、前記接触センサの前記接触端部が離間状態から接触状態になり、前記接触センサから緩み検知信号を出力する緩みセンサ付きボルトの使用方法である。 Further, in the present invention, a bolt body having a male screw portion and a head portion is provided with a deep hole drilled in the direction of the central axis, and one end portion is fixed to the bottom portion of the deep hole other than the fixed one end portion. is a pin that is not constrained by the inner peripheral surface of the deep hole; and a contact sensor that is fixed to the head portion of the bolt body and is detachably attached to the other end of the pin by an axial force acting on the male screw portion. The bolt body is attached to the fastening object together with the female thread member of the fastening object using a bolt with a looseness sensor equipped with a The contact end of the contact sensor is in contact with the other end of the pin while the object is fastened with a specified tightening force. The contact sensor is configured such that the contact end is separated from the other end of the pin by a predetermined distance corresponding to an allowable amount of shrinkage when the male thread shrinks due to a reduction in the axial force of the male thread. is fixed to the head of the bolt body, and when the tightened state of the bolt body is loosened in use and the contraction of the bolt body reaches the allowable contraction amount, at the other end of the pin, In the method of using the bolt with a looseness sensor, the contact end portion of the contact sensor changes from a separated state to a contact state, and the contact sensor outputs a looseness detection signal.

前記深穴は、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部から前記ボルト本体の前記雄ネジ部内に連通し、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部には前記接触センサが固定される雌ネジ部が形成され、前記接触センサの前記接触端部を前記ピンの前記他端部から離間させる際に、前記接触センサを前記ボルト本体の軸回りに所定角度回動させて、前記許容縮み量に対応した前記所定間隔を離間させるものである。 The deep hole communicates from the head portion of the bolt body to the male thread portion of the bolt body, and the head portion of the bolt body is formed with a female thread portion to which the contact sensor is fixed. When the contact end portion of the sensor is separated from the other end portion of the pin, the contact sensor is rotated by a predetermined angle around the axis of the bolt body to separate the predetermined distance corresponding to the allowable contraction amount. It is something that makes

またこの発明は、雄ネジ部と頭部とを有したボルト本体の中心軸方向に穿設された深穴を備え、前記深穴内の底部に一端部が固定され、固定された前記一端部以外は前記深穴の内周面に拘束されないピンが前記深穴内に設けられ、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に固定され、前記雄ネジ部に掛かる軸力により前記ピンの他端部に離接可能に設けられた接触センサを備えた緩みセンサ付きボルトが設けられ、前記緩みセンサ付きボルトが、締結対象物の雌ネジ部材とともに前記締結対象物に取り付けられた状態で、前記接触センサから緩み検知信号を受けて、前記ボルト本体に緩みが生じていることを表示する表示装置を備え、使用状態において、前記ボルト本体の前記締結状態に緩みが生じ、前記ボルト本体の縮みが所定の許容縮み量に達すると前記ピンの他端部で、前記接触センサの前記接触端部が離間状態から接触状態になり、前記接触センサから緩み検知信号を出力し、前記表示装置により前記ボルト本体の緩みが表示される緩み検出システムである。 Further, in the present invention, a bolt body having a male screw portion and a head portion is provided with a deep hole drilled in the direction of the central axis, and one end portion is fixed to the bottom portion of the deep hole other than the fixed one end portion. is provided in the deep hole and is fixed to the head portion of the bolt body, and can be separated from and contacted to the other end of the pin by the axial force applied to the male screw portion. A bolt with a looseness sensor is provided with a contact sensor provided in the bolt, and in a state in which the bolt with a looseness sensor is attached to the fastening object together with a female thread member of the fastening object, a looseness detection signal from the contact sensor The bolt body is provided with a display device for displaying that the bolt body is loosened when the bolt body is received, and in use, the bolt body is loosened in the tightened state, and the shrinkage of the bolt body reaches a predetermined allowable shrinkage amount. When it reaches the other end of the pin, the contact end of the contact sensor changes from the separated state to the contact state, the contact sensor outputs a looseness detection signal, and the looseness of the bolt body is displayed by the display device. It is a looseness detection system.

この発明の緩みセンサ付きボルトとその使用方法並びに緩み検出システムによれば、簡単な構成で、構造物への取り付けも容易であり、確実にボルトの緩みを検知することができる。さらに、ボルトの緩みの検知精度も高く、確実にボルトの緩みを検知して、外部に知らせることができ、締結対象物の構造物の安全性や締結安定性を容易に高めることができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the bolt with a looseness sensor, its method of use, and the looseness detection system of the present invention, it has a simple configuration, can be easily attached to a structure, and can reliably detect the looseness of the bolt. Furthermore, the looseness of the bolt can be detected with high precision, and the looseness of the bolt can be reliably detected and notified to the outside, so that the safety and fastening stability of the structure of the object to be fastened can be easily improved.

この発明の第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトのボルトを示す断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the bolt of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the first embodiment of the invention; 第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトのピンを示す正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view showing the pin of the bolt with looseness sensor according to the first embodiment; 第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの接触センサを示す正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view showing a contact sensor of the bolt with looseness sensor according to the first embodiment; 第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの使用状態を示す縦断面図（ａ）、Ａ－Ａ断面図（ｂ）、Ｂ－Ｂ断面図（ｃ）である。FIG. 4A is a longitudinal sectional view (a), (b) is a sectional view along line AA, and (c) is a sectional view along line BB, showing the state of use of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the first embodiment. 第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの使用状態を示す部分拡大縦断面図である。FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged vertical cross-sectional view showing the state of use of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the first embodiment; 第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの緩み検知状態を示す縦断面図である。FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a looseness detection state of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the first embodiment. 第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの緩み検知状態を示す部分拡大縦断面図である。FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing a looseness detection state of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the first embodiment; 第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの軸方向の張力である軸力とボルトの雄ネジ部の軸方向の伸びの関係を示すグラフである。4 is a graph showing the relationship between the axial force, which is the tension in the axial direction of the bolt with the looseness sensor, and the elongation in the axial direction of the male threaded portion of the bolt. 第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの緩み検知持の動きを示す部分拡大縦断面図である。FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged vertical cross-sectional view showing the looseness detection movement of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the first embodiment. 第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの他の使用状態を示す縦断面図である。FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing another usage state of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the first embodiment; 第一実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトを用いた緩み検知システムを示す概略図である。1 is a schematic diagram showing a looseness detection system using a bolt with a looseness sensor according to the first embodiment; FIG. この発明の第二実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトを示す断面図である。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a bolt with a looseness sensor according to a second embodiment of the invention; 第二実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの接触センサを示す正面図である。FIG. 10 is a front view showing a contact sensor of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the second embodiment; 第二実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの使用状態を示す縦断面図（ａ）、Ｃ－Ｃ断面図（ｂ）、Ｄ－Ｄ断面図（ｃ）である。FIG. 4A is a vertical cross-sectional view (a), a CC cross-sectional view (b), and a DD cross-sectional view (c) showing the state of use of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the second embodiment. 第二実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルトの使用状態を示す部分拡大縦断面図である。FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing the state of use of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the second embodiment;

以下、この発明の緩みセンサ付きボルトの第一実施形態について、図１～図８を基にして説明する。この実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルト１０は、図１に示すように、雄ネジ部１２ａと頭部１４から成るボルト本体１２を備える。雄ネジ部１２ａの中心軸Ｃ方向には、頭部１４の天面１４ａから深穴１６が穿設され、深穴１６には、後述する接触センサ２２が挿入され固定される。 A first embodiment of a bolt with a looseness sensor according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. FIG. A bolt 10 with a looseness sensor of this embodiment includes a bolt body 12 comprising a male threaded portion 12a and a head portion 14, as shown in FIG. A deep hole 16 is drilled from the top surface 14a of the head 14 in the direction of the central axis C of the male threaded portion 12a, and a contact sensor 22, which will be described later, is inserted and fixed in the deep hole 16. As shown in FIG.

深穴１６は、ボルト本体１２の頭部１４から、ボルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａの頭部１４側の１／３程度の長さに亘り形成され、深穴１６内の底部には、内径が僅かに小さく形成された小径部１６ａが形成されている。小径部１６ａは、後述するピン２０が嵌合され保持固定可能な短い長さに形成されている。ピン２０が固定される小径部１６ａ以外の深穴１６は、内径が僅かに大きく、深穴１６の内周面にピン２０が接触せず、ピン２０が拘束されない径に形成されている。 The deep hole 16 is formed from the head 14 of the bolt body 12 to about 1/3 of the length from the head 14 side of the male threaded portion 12a of the bolt body 12, and the bottom of the deep hole 16 has an inner diameter A small diameter portion 16a is formed with a slightly smaller diameter. The small diameter portion 16a is formed to have a short length capable of being held and fixed by being fitted with a pin 20, which will be described later. The deep hole 16 other than the small-diameter portion 16a to which the pin 20 is fixed has a slightly larger inner diameter, and is formed to a diameter such that the pin 20 does not come into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the deep hole 16 and the pin 20 is not constrained.

ボルト本体１２の頭部１４内の深穴１６は、頭部１４で、深穴１６の内径が大きくなり天面１４ａで開口し、且つ接触センサ２２が固定される雌ネジ部１６ｂが形成されている。雌ネジ部１６ｂは、中心軸Ｃ方向の長さが、頭部１４の中心軸Ｃ方向の幅よりも僅かに短く、雌ネジ部１６ｂが形成された端面１６ｃの位置は、ボルト本体１２の頭部１４の裏面１４ｂよりも中心軸Ｃ方向に、僅かの間隔Ｌ１だけ天面１４ａ側に位置している。 The deep hole 16 in the head 14 of the bolt body 12 has a larger inner diameter at the head 14, opens at the top surface 14a, and forms a female screw portion 16b to which the contact sensor 22 is fixed. there is The length of the female screw portion 16b in the direction of the central axis C is slightly shorter than the width of the head portion 14 in the direction of the central axis C. It is positioned closer to the top surface 14a than the back surface 14b of the portion 14 in the direction of the central axis C by a slight interval L1 .

ボルト本体１２の深穴１６に設けられるピン２０は、図２に示すように円柱状の金属製の棒であり、外径が深穴１６の小径部１６ａに圧入可能な径であり、先端２０ａの角部が面取りされ、基端面２０ｂは平面に形成されている。ピン２０の長さＰ０は、深穴１６の小径部１６ａに先端２０ａが固定された状態で、基端面２０ｂが、深穴１６の端面１６ｃよりも僅かに突出して、頭部１４の天面１４ａ側に位置する長さである。 The pin 20 provided in the deep hole 16 of the bolt body 12 is a cylindrical metal rod as shown in FIG. is chamfered, and the base end surface 20b is formed flat. The length P0 of the pin 20 is such that when the tip 20a is fixed to the small diameter portion 16a of the deep hole 16, the base end surface 20b slightly protrudes from the end surface 16c of the deep hole 16, and the top surface of the head 14 It is the length located on the 14a side.

ボルト本体１２の深穴１６に設けられる接触センサ２２は、図３に示すように、ボルト本体１２の頭部１４の雌ネジ部１６ｂに螺合する雄ネジ部２２ａが形成された円柱状であり、先端部には、ピン２０に対する接触状態を検知する接触端部２４を有している。接触端部２４は、対向した部材に接触したことを電気的に検知するとともに、僅かに突没可能に設けられている。接触センサ２２は、接触端部２４がピン２０に接触すると、電気的に内部回路の接点が開いて又は閉じて、接触状態を検知してリード線１８から出力可能に形成されている。 As shown in FIG. 3, the contact sensor 22 provided in the deep hole 16 of the bolt body 12 has a cylindrical shape with a male threaded portion 22a that is screwed into the female threaded portion 16b of the head portion 14 of the bolt body 12. , has a contact end portion 24 for detecting a contact state with respect to the pin 20 at its tip portion. The contact end portion 24 is provided so as to be able to project and retract slightly while electrically detecting contact with an opposed member. The contact sensor 22 is formed so that when the contact end portion 24 contacts the pin 20 , the contacts of the internal circuit are electrically opened or closed, and the contact state is detected and output from the lead wire 18 .

接触センサ２２は、取り付け後に経時的に緩むと検知精度が低下し又は検知不能になるので、接触センサ２２の雄ネジ部２２ａは、緩みの生じない波ネジである雄ネジが形成されていると良い。雄ネジ部２２ａのネジ山２３は、例えば、ネジ山２３が一定の周期で軸方向に波状に形成されているもので、この波状のネジ山２３の波は、標準ネジのつるまき線に対して正逆のサイクロイド曲線等を一サイクルとした周期的な波状の曲線で形成されている。ネジ山２３の波の周期は、雄ネジ部２２ａの１周３６０°に対して、例えば１８０°又は１２０°であり、雄ネジ部２２ａの周面を１周する間に２サイクル又は３サイクルの周期で波形状にネジ山２３が形成されている。ネジ山２３の１サイクルの正逆の波の頂点間の間隔は、この雄ネジ部２２ａの１ピッチの間隔よりも広いもので、雌ネジ部１６ｂに螺合した状態で、雄ネジ部２２ａのネジ山２３が弾性変形して螺合可能な間隔に形成されている。 If the contact sensor 22 loosens over time after being attached, the detection accuracy decreases or the detection becomes impossible. good. The thread 23 of the male screw portion 22a is formed, for example, in a wavy shape in the axial direction at a constant period. It is formed by a periodic wavy curve with a forward and reverse cycloidal curve as one cycle. The wave cycle of the screw thread 23 is, for example, 180° or 120° with respect to 360° per turn of the male threaded portion 22a, and two or three cycles are performed while making one turn around the peripheral surface of the male threaded portion 22a. A wavy screw thread 23 is formed at intervals. The interval between the crests of the forward and reverse waves in one cycle of the screw thread 23 is wider than the interval of one pitch of the male screw portion 22a. The screw threads 23 are formed at such intervals that they can be elastically deformed and screwed together.

次に、この実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルト１０の使用方法について説明する。緩みセンサ付きボルト１０は、図４、図５に示すように、ボルト本体１２の深穴１６内の小径部１６ａにピン２０の先端２０ａが圧入されて固定された状態で、締結対象物２６，２８をナット３０と頭部１４との間に挟持して、ボルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａと一体の頭部１４又は締結対象物２６，２８側の雌ネジ部材であるナット３０を、互いに相対的に回転させて締め付けて固定する。このとき、接触センサ２２は深穴１６の雌ネジ部１６ｂに螺合されていても良いが、接触センサ２２をボルト本体１２の締結後に取り付けても良い。 Next, a method of using the bolt 10 with a looseness sensor according to this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the bolt 10 with a looseness sensor is fixed by pressing the tip 20a of the pin 20 into the small-diameter portion 16a of the deep hole 16 of the bolt body 12. 28 is sandwiched between the nut 30 and the head 14, and the nut 30, which is the head 14 integral with the male threaded portion 12a of the bolt body 12 or the female threaded member on the side of the fastening objects 26, 28, is placed opposite to each other. Rotate and tighten to secure. At this time, the contact sensor 22 may be screwed into the female screw portion 16b of the deep hole 16, but the contact sensor 22 may be attached after the bolt body 12 is tightened.

ボルト本体１２の締め付けは、所定の締め付けトルクで行う。このとき、ボルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａには中心軸Ｃ方向に張力である軸力Ｔがかかり、この軸力Ｔに比例して、雄ネジ部１２ａは伸張する。この関係は、雄ネジ部１２ａの弾性係数（ヤング率）により定まるもので、ほぼ図８に示すように、軸力Ｔ（応力）と伸び量Ｄ（歪み）は比例関係にある。 The bolt body 12 is tightened with a predetermined tightening torque. At this time, an axial force T, which is tension, is applied to the male screw portion 12a of the bolt body 12 in the direction of the central axis C, and the male screw portion 12a expands in proportion to this axial force T. This relationship is determined by the elastic modulus (Young's modulus) of the male screw portion 12a, and as shown in FIG. 8, the axial force T (stress) and the amount of elongation D (strain) are in a proportional relationship.

ボルト本体１２とナット３０により、ホルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａの太さ等により決められた標準軸力で締結対象物２６，２８を締結した後、接触センサ２２の設定を行う。接触センサ２２の設定は、ホルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａに標準軸力が掛かる締め付けトルクでボルト本体１２を締結した後、接触センサ２２を深穴１６内に螺合し、接触端部２４をボルト本体１２内のピン２０の基端面２０ｂに接触させる。このとき、接触端部２４が接触センサ２２内に没入して移動しないように、接触位置で螺合を止め、接触端部２４には圧力がかかっていない状態とする。なお、ホルト本体１２の標準軸力でボルト本体１２を締結する前に、接触センサ２２を深穴１６内に螺合し、接触端部２４をボルト本体１２内のピン２０の基端面２０ｂに接触させ、その後、標準軸力でボルト本体１２を締結しても良い。しかし、標準軸力でのボルト本体１２を締結後、雄ネジ部１２ａは伸び量Ｄ１の分だけ伸張するので、再度接触センサ２２の接触端部２４をピン２０の基端面２０ｂに接触させる必要がある。 After fastening the fastening objects 26 and 28 by the bolt body 12 and the nut 30 with a standard axial force determined by the thickness of the male screw portion 12a of the bolt body 12, etc., the contact sensor 22 is set. The contact sensor 22 is set by tightening the bolt body 12 with a tightening torque that applies a standard axial force to the male threaded portion 12a of the bolt body 12, screwing the contact sensor 22 into the deep hole 16, and tightening the contact end 24. The base end surface 20b of the pin 20 in the bolt body 12 is brought into contact. At this time, the screwing is stopped at the contact position so that the contact end portion 24 does not move into the contact sensor 22 and no pressure is applied to the contact end portion 24 . Before tightening the bolt body 12 with the standard axial force of the bolt body 12, the contact sensor 22 is screwed into the deep hole 16, and the contact end portion 24 is brought into contact with the base end surface 20b of the pin 20 in the bolt body 12. After that, the bolt body 12 may be fastened with a standard axial force. However, after tightening the bolt body 12 with the standard axial force, the male threaded portion 12a expands by the amount of expansion D1 . There is

この状態から、接触センサ２２の接触端部２４を、ピン２０の基端面２０ｂから所定間隔Δｄだけ離間させる。所定間隔Δｄは、図８に示すように、所定のトルクで締結対象物２６，２８を締結したときのボルト本体１２にかかる軸力Ｔ０による伸び（歪み）Ｄ０に対して、締結対象物２６，２８に取り付けられたボルト本体１２の緩みにより、雄ネジ部１２ａの張力である軸力がＴ１に低下して、雄ネジ部１２ａが、伸び量Ｄ０から僅かの縮みを生じて伸び量Ｄ１になった場合の、許容縮み量ΔＤに対応した値である。許容縮み量ΔＤは、それ以上ボルト本体１２に許容される締め付け力の低下によるボルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａの縮み量である。 From this state, the contact end portion 24 of the contact sensor 22 is separated from the base end surface 20b of the pin 20 by a predetermined distance Δd. As shown in FIG. 8, the predetermined interval .DELTA.d is a distance between the objects to be fastened 26 and 28 and the object to be fastened with respect to the elongation (distortion) D0 caused by the axial force T0 applied to the bolt body 12 when the objects to be fastened 26 and 28 are fastened with a predetermined torque. Due to the loosening of the bolt body 12 attached to 26, 28, the axial force, which is the tension of the male threaded portion 12a, is reduced to T1 , and the male threaded portion 12a slightly shrinks from the extension amount D0 and extends. This is a value corresponding to the allowable amount of shrinkage ΔD when the amount D is 1 . The allowable amount of shrinkage ΔD is the amount of shrinkage of the male threaded portion 12 a of the bolt body 12 due to a reduction in the tightening force allowed for the bolt body 12 .

即ち、所定間隔Δｄは、図５で示す雄ネジ部１２ａの、無負荷状態での深穴１６内での所定の長さＬ０に対して、締結当初の所定の軸力が、ボルト本体１２の緩みにより低下し、図９に示すように、ボルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａの縮み量に対応し、雄ネジ部１２ａの内の長さＬ０に対応する部分の伸びの減少量であり、縮み量である。ここで、長さＬ０は、雄ネジ部１２ａの深穴１６の長さの内の、雄ネジ部１２ａにかかる軸力により伸縮する部分であって、深穴１６の小径部１６ａに圧入されたピン２０に対して、相対的に伸縮する部分の長さである。且つ、ピン２０は、深穴１６内で、ボルト本体１２の伸縮にかかわらず、深穴１６の小径部１６ａに先端２０ａが固定されているので、小径部１６ａに保持されない部分の長さが長さＬ０である。ボルト本体１２の頭部１４の裏面１４ｂからピン２０の基端面２０ｂまでの間隔は、ボルト本体１２においても、ボルト本体１２の締結による伸縮に影響しない部分である。 That is, the predetermined interval Δd is such that a predetermined axial force at the beginning of fastening is applied to the bolt body 12 with respect to a predetermined length L0 of the male screw portion 12a shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, it corresponds to the amount of shrinkage of the male threaded portion 12a of the bolt body 12, and is the amount of decrease in elongation of the portion corresponding to the length L0 of the male threaded portion 12a. , is the amount of shrinkage. Here, the length L0 is the portion of the length of the deep hole 16 of the male threaded portion 12a that expands and contracts due to the axial force applied to the male threaded portion 12a, and is press-fitted into the small diameter portion 16a of the deep hole 16. It is the length of the portion that expands and contracts relatively to the pin 20 . In addition, since the tip 20a of the pin 20 is fixed to the small diameter portion 16a of the deep hole 16 regardless of the expansion and contraction of the bolt body 12 in the deep hole 16, the length of the portion not held by the small diameter portion 16a is long. is L0 . The distance from the back surface 14b of the head 14 of the bolt body 12 to the base end face 20b of the pin 20 is also a portion of the bolt body 12 that does not affect expansion and contraction due to fastening of the bolt body 12 .

従って、所定間隔Δｄは、無負荷状態でのボルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａの所定部分の長さＬ０に対して、ボルト本体１２に緩みが生じ、雄ネジ部１２ａの張力である軸力がＴ１に低下して、上記のように雄ネジ部１２ａが、伸び量Ｄ０から僅かの縮みを生じて伸び量Ｄ１になった場合の許容縮み量ΔＤに比例したもので、図８に示す応力と歪みの関係から導き出される値である。所定間隔Δｄが算出されると、接触センサ２２の接触端部２４の先端位置を、ピン２０の基端面２０ｂから所定間隔Δｄだけ離間させて位置決めする。接触端部２４の先端位置は、接触センサ２２の回動角度と雄ネジ部２２ａのピッチで定まる。従って、所定間隔Δｄを求めた後、所定間隔Δｄに対応した距離を、接触センサ２２の雄ネジ部２２ａの回動角度として算出し、接触端部２４の先端位置の位置決めを行う。 Therefore, the predetermined interval Δd is the axial force, which is the tension of the male threaded portion 12a when loosening occurs in the bolt body 12, with respect to the length L0 of the predetermined portion of the male threaded portion 12a of the bolt body 12 in an unloaded state. is proportional to the allowable amount of shrinkage ΔD when the amount of shrinkage of the male screw portion 12a is reduced to T1 , and the male screw portion 12a slightly shrinks from the amount of elongation D0 to the amount of elongation D1 as described above. is a value derived from the relationship between stress and strain shown in . After the predetermined distance Δd is calculated, the tip position of the contact end portion 24 of the contact sensor 22 is separated from the base end surface 20b of the pin 20 by the predetermined distance Δd. The tip position of the contact end portion 24 is determined by the rotation angle of the contact sensor 22 and the pitch of the male screw portion 22a. Therefore, after obtaining the predetermined interval Δd, the distance corresponding to the predetermined interval Δd is calculated as the rotation angle of the male screw portion 22a of the contact sensor 22, and the tip position of the contact end portion 24 is positioned.

なお、所定間隔Δｄを定めるパラメータは、ボルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａの太さ、深穴１６とピン２０により定める長さＬ０の値、その他ボルト本体１２の材質等により設定されるもので、これらのパラメータを考慮して、実測により所定間隔Δｄを算出し、所定間隔Δｄに対応する接触センサ２２の回動角度として設定し、接触端部２４の位置決めを行うと良い。 The parameters for determining the predetermined interval Δd are set according to the thickness of the male screw portion 12a of the bolt body 12, the value of the length L0 determined by the deep hole 16 and the pin 20, the material of the bolt body 12, and the like. Considering these parameters, the predetermined interval Δd is calculated by actual measurement, and the rotation angle of the contact sensor 22 corresponding to the predetermined interval Δd is set to position the contact end portion 24 .

また、使用状態において、深穴１６により設定される長さＬ０に対して、締結対象物２６，２８の間隔が狭い場合には、図１０に示すように、ナット３０と締結対象物２６との間に座金３２等のスペーサを介在させて、ボルト本体１２の雄ネジ部１２ａに、少なくとも長さＬ０に対応した部分には締結による軸力がかかるように取り付けると良い。 In addition, when the distance between the objects to be fastened 26 and 28 is narrow with respect to the length L0 set by the deep hole 16 in the state of use, the nut 30 and the object to be fastened 26 are separated from each other as shown in FIG. It is preferable to interpose a spacer such as a washer 32 between them and attach them to the male threaded portion 12a of the bolt body 12 so that an axial force due to fastening is applied to at least a portion corresponding to the length L0 .

この実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルト１０によれば、接触センサ２２を用いた簡単な構成であり、構造物等の締結対象物２６，２８への取り付けも容易であり、ボルト本体１２の緩みを、雄ネジ部１２ａの縮みとして、図９に示すように接触センサ２２の検知端部２４で電気的に確実に検知することができる。リード線１８からの検知出力は、接触端部２４がピン２０に接触したか否かのＯＮ，ＯＦＦ信号であるが、ボルト本体１２の緩みが許容縮み量ΔＤに対応した閾値としての所定間隔Δｄを、高精度に検出できるので、ボルト本体１２の緩みを早期に検出して、増し締め等の管理を行うことができ、締結対象物２６，２８の締結状態の安全性、安定性を確実に高めることができる。 According to the bolt 10 with a looseness sensor of this embodiment, it has a simple configuration using the contact sensor 22, and can be easily attached to fastening objects 26, 28 such as structures. The contraction of the male screw portion 12a can be reliably detected electrically by the detection end portion 24 of the contact sensor 22 as shown in FIG. The detection output from the lead wire 18 is an ON/OFF signal indicating whether or not the contact end portion 24 is in contact with the pin 20. The looseness of the bolt body 12 is a predetermined interval Δd as a threshold corresponding to the allowable contraction amount ΔD. can be detected with high precision, so looseness of the bolt body 12 can be detected at an early stage, and retightening can be managed. can be enhanced.

次に、この実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルト１０を利用した緩み検出システム４０について、図１１を基にして説明する。この実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルト１０は、複数の工場Ａ，Ｂに設けられた装置の構造物を締結したもので、締結対象物２６，２８を緩みセンサ付きボルト１０を用いて締結固定したものである。この実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルト１０の出力は、各接触センサ２２に並列に接続された並列配線３４に接続され、並列配線３４は、緩みセンサ付きボルト１０の接触センサ２２がＯＮしたことを表示するランプ表示盤４２に接続されている。ランプ表示盤４２は、各装置Ａ，Ｂ毎に設けられ、さらに各装置Ａ，Ｂのいずれかの緩みセンサ付きボルト１０の接触センサ２２がＯＮするとランプが点灯するランプ表示盤４４と、ランプ表示盤４２，４４の表示を送信する無線の発信機４６とが、各工場Ａ，Ｂ毎に設けられている。発信機４６の出力は、工場Ａ，Ｂとは離れた所にある表示盤４８やパソコン４９に出力され、緩みセンサ付きボルト１０がＯＮしたことを表示する。 Next, a looseness detection system 40 using the bolt 10 with a looseness sensor of this embodiment will be described based on FIG. The bolt 10 with a slackness sensor of this embodiment fastens structures of devices installed in a plurality of factories A and B, and fastens and fixes objects 26 and 28 using the bolt 10 with a slackness sensor. is. The output of the bolt 10 with a looseness sensor of this embodiment is connected to a parallel wiring 34 connected in parallel to each contact sensor 22, and the parallel wiring 34 indicates that the contact sensor 22 of the bolt 10 with a looseness sensor is turned ON. It is connected to a lamp display board 42 that A lamp display panel 42 is provided for each of the devices A and B, and a lamp display panel 44 that lights a lamp when the contact sensor 22 of the bolt 10 with a looseness sensor of each device A or B is turned ON. A wireless transmitter 46 for transmitting the display of the boards 42, 44 is provided for each factory A, B. The output of the transmitter 46 is output to a display panel 48 and a personal computer 49 located away from the factories A and B to indicate that the bolt 10 with looseness sensor is turned on.

この実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルト１０を利用した緩み検出システム４０によれば、接触センサ２２により安価で高精度の装置で緩み検知を可能にし、確実にボルト本体１０の緩みを検知して、補修することができる。また、工場内の締結対象物２６，２８及び緩みセンサ付きボルト１０を確実にモニタリングすることができ、締結対象物２６，２８の安定な締結を可能にしている。 According to the looseness detection system 40 using the bolt 10 with a looseness sensor of this embodiment, the contact sensor 22 enables looseness detection with an inexpensive and highly accurate device, and the looseness of the bolt body 10 can be reliably detected and repaired. can do. In addition, the fastening objects 26 and 28 and the bolt 10 with a looseness sensor in the factory can be reliably monitored, and the fastening objects 26 and 28 can be stably fastened.

次に、この発明の緩みセンサ付きボルトの第二実施形態について、図１２～図１５を基にして説明する。ここで、上記実施形態と同様の構成は、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。この実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルト５０は、防水機能を備えたもので、ボルト本体５２は、図１２に示すように、頭部１４の天面１４ａに後述する水密構造の接触センサ５４が嵌合する円筒状の突部５６が形成されている。突部５６には、同心状に円孔５６ａが形成され、円孔５６ａは、深穴１６の雌ネジ部１６ｂよりも大きい内径に形成されている。 Next, a second embodiment of the bolt with a looseness sensor according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 15. FIG. Here, configurations similar to those of the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted. The bolt 50 with a slackness sensor of this embodiment has a waterproof function. As shown in FIG. A cylindrical projecting portion 56 is formed to support. A circular hole 56 a is concentrically formed in the protruding portion 56 , and the circular hole 56 a is formed to have an inner diameter larger than the internal thread portion 16 b of the deep hole 16 .

接触センサ５４は、図１３に示すように、上記実施形態と同様に、ボルト本体５２の雌ネジ部１６ｂに螺合する雄ネジ部２２ａが形成された円柱状であり、先端部にピン２０に対する接触状態を検知する接触端部２４を有している。接触端部２４は、僅かに突没可能に設けられ、ピン２０に接触すると、電気的に内部回路の接点が閉じて、接触状態を検知して出力可能に形成されている。さらに、接触センサ５４も、その雄ネジ部２２ａは、緩みの生じない波ネジである雄ネジが形成されている。 As shown in FIG. 13, the contact sensor 54 has a cylindrical shape with a male threaded portion 22a that is screwed into the female threaded portion 16b of the bolt body 52 as in the above embodiment. It has a contact end portion 24 for detecting a contact state. The contact end portion 24 is provided so as to be slightly projectable, and when it comes into contact with the pin 20, the contact of the internal circuit is electrically closed, and the contact state is detected and output. Further, the contact sensor 54 also has a male screw portion 22a formed with a male screw that is a wave screw that does not loosen.

接触センサ５４の雄ネジ部２２ａの基端側は、ボルト本体５２の突部５６の円孔５６ａに嵌合可能な外形の円柱部５４ａが形成され、円柱部５４ａに、Ｏリング等のシール部材６０が嵌合するシール溝５８が環状に２本形成されている。シール溝５８には、シール部材６０が嵌合し、ボルト本体５２の突部５６の円孔５６ａに、シール部材６０が水密状態で嵌合可能に形成されている。 A cylindrical portion 54a having an outer shape that can be fitted into the circular hole 56a of the protrusion 56 of the bolt body 52 is formed on the base end side of the male screw portion 22a of the contact sensor 54, and a sealing member such as an O-ring is attached to the cylindrical portion 54a. Two annular seal grooves 58 in which the seals 60 are fitted are formed. A seal member 60 is fitted into the seal groove 58, and is formed to be watertightly fit into the circular hole 56a of the projection 56 of the bolt body 52. As shown in FIG.

次に、この実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルト５０の使用方法について説明する。緩みセンサ付きボルト５０は、図１４、図１５に示すように、ボルト本体５２の深穴１６内にピン２０が嵌合され固定された状態で、締結対象物２６，２８をナット３０と頭部１４との間に挟持して、ボルト本体５２の頭部１４又はナット３０を相対的に回転させて締め付けて固定する。このとき、接触センサ５４は深穴１６の雌ネジ部１６ｂに螺合されていても良いが、接触センサ５４をボルト本体５２の締結後に取り付けても良い。 Next, a method of using the bolt 50 with a looseness sensor according to this embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the bolt 50 with a looseness sensor is a state in which the pin 20 is fitted and fixed in the deep hole 16 of the bolt body 52, and the fastening objects 26 and 28 are connected to the nut 30 and the head. 14, and the head 14 of the bolt body 52 or the nut 30 is relatively rotated and tightened to be fixed. At this time, the contact sensor 54 may be screwed into the female screw portion 16b of the deep hole 16, but the contact sensor 54 may be attached after the bolt body 52 is tightened.

ボルト本体５２の締め付けは、上記実施形態と同様に行う。ボルト本体５２により、所定の締め付け力で締結対象物２６，２８を締結した後、接触センサ５４の設定を行う。接触センサ５４の設定も、上記実施形態と同様に、ホルと本体５２の雄ネジ部１２ａの標準軸力でボルト本体５２を締結前又は後、接触センサ５４を深穴１６内に螺合し、接触端部２４をボルト本体５２内のピン２０の基端面２０ｂに接触させる。このとき、接触端部２４が接触センサ５４内に没入しないように、接触位置で螺合を止める。この後、上記実施形態と同様に、ボルト本体５２の雄ネジ部１２ａの許容縮み量ΔＤに対応した値の所定間隔Δｄだけ、接触センサ５４の接触端部２４をピン２０の基端面２０ｂから離間させる。所定間隔Δｄの離間は、所定間隔Δｄに対応した距離を接触センサ５４の雄ネジ部２２ａの回動角度として算出し、接触端部２４の位置決めを行う。 The bolt body 52 is tightened in the same manner as in the above embodiment. After the fastening objects 26 and 28 are fastened with a predetermined fastening force by the bolt body 52, the contact sensor 54 is set. The setting of the contact sensor 54 is the same as in the above-described embodiment. The contact end portion 24 is brought into contact with the base end surface 20 b of the pin 20 within the bolt body 52 . At this time, the screwing is stopped at the contact position so that the contact end portion 24 does not sink into the contact sensor 54 . Thereafter, the contact end portion 24 of the contact sensor 54 is separated from the base end surface 20b of the pin 20 by a predetermined distance Δd corresponding to the allowable amount of contraction ΔD of the male screw portion 12a of the bolt body 52, as in the above embodiment. Let For the separation of the predetermined interval Δd, the distance corresponding to the predetermined interval Δd is calculated as the rotation angle of the male screw portion 22a of the contact sensor 54, and the contact end portion 24 is positioned.

この実施形態の緩みセンサ付きボルト５０は、水密構造で接触センサ５４がボルト本体５２に取り付けられ、雨水やオイル等の液体が侵入可能な環境や、水中における締結状態でのボルト本体５４の緩みを確実に検知することができる。 The bolt 50 with a looseness sensor of this embodiment has a watertight structure and the contact sensor 54 is attached to the bolt body 52, and the loosening of the bolt body 54 in an environment where liquids such as rainwater and oil can enter, or in a tightened state underwater can be prevented. can be reliably detected.

なお、この発明の緩みセンサ付きボルトは上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、接触センサの種類は、問わないもので、ボルト本体の雄ネジ部にかかる軸力の緩みにより、ボルト本体中のピンに接触端部が接触して、雄ネジ部の縮みを検知可能な構造であれば良い。接触センサの取り付けも、ネジにより固定するほか、嵌合固定する形式でも良い。 It should be noted that the bolt with a looseness sensor of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and any type of contact sensor may be used. Any structure may be used as long as the contact end contacts the pin and the contraction of the male screw can be detected. The contact sensor may be fixed by screws or may be fitted and fixed.

１０，５０ 緩みセンサ付きボルト
１２，５２ ボルト本体
１２ａ，２２ａ 雄ネジ部
１４ 頭部
１６ 深穴
１８ リード線
２０ ピン
２０ａ 先端部
２０ｂ 基端面
２２，５４ 接触センサ
２４ 接触端部
２６，２８ 締結対象物
３０ ナット
４０ 緩み検出システム
５８ シール溝
６０ シール部材 10, 50 bolts with slackness sensor 12, 52 bolt bodies 12a, 22a male threaded portion 14 head 16 deep hole 18 lead wire 20 pin 20a tip portion 20b base end surface 22, 54 contact sensor 24 contact end portions 26, 28 fastening object 30 Nut 40 Looseness detection system 58 Seal groove 60 Seal member

Claims (6)

雄ネジ部と頭部とを有したボルト本体の中心軸方向に穿設された深穴を備え、
前記深穴内の底部に一端部が固定され、固定された前記一端部以外は前記深穴の内周面に拘束されないピンが前記深穴内に設けられ、
前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に固定され、前記雄ネジ部に掛かる軸力により前記ピンの他端部に離接可能に設けられた接触センサを備え、
前記接触センサは、前記ボルト本体の緩みにより前記ボルト本体の軸方向に掛かる軸力が低下して前記ボルト本体の前記雄ネジ部が縮み、前記ピンの他端部に対して前記接触センサの接触端部が、離間状態から接触状態になったことを示す信号を出力することを特徴とする緩みセンサ付きボルト。 A deep hole drilled in the central axis direction of a bolt body having a male screw portion and a head,
A pin having one end fixed to the bottom of the deep hole and not constrained by the inner peripheral surface of the deep hole except for the fixed one end is provided in the deep hole,
a contact sensor fixed to the head of the bolt body and provided to be separable and contactable with the other end of the pin by an axial force acting on the male screw;
In the contact sensor, when the bolt body is loosened, the axial force acting in the axial direction of the bolt body is reduced, the male threaded portion of the bolt body is contracted, and the contact sensor contacts the other end of the pin. A bolt with a looseness sensor, characterized in that the end outputs a signal indicating that it has changed from a separated state to a contact state. 前記深穴は、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部から前記ボルト本体の前記雄ネジ部内に連通し、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部内に、前記接触センサが固定される雌ネジ部が形成されている請求項１記載の緩みセンサ付きボルト。 The deep hole communicates from the head portion of the bolt body to the male thread portion of the bolt body, and a female thread portion to which the contact sensor is fixed is formed in the head portion of the bolt body. The bolt with a looseness sensor according to claim 1. 前記ボルト本体の前記雌ネジ部には、シール部材を介して前記接触センサが水密状態で前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に固定される請求項２記載の緩みセンサ付きボルト。 3. The bolt with a looseness sensor according to claim 2, wherein said contact sensor is fixed to said head portion of said bolt body in a watertight state via a sealing member in said female screw portion of said bolt body. 雄ネジ部と頭部とを有したボルト本体の中心軸方向に穿設された深穴を備え、前記深穴内の底部に一端部が固定され、固定された前記一端部以外は前記深穴の内周面に拘束されないピンと、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に固定され、前記雄ネジ部に掛かる軸力により前記ピンの他端部に離接可能に設けられた接触センサとを備えた緩みセンサ付きボルトを用いて、
前記ボルト本体を、締結対象物の雌ネジ部材とともに前記締結対象物に取り付け、
前記ボルト本体の前記雄ネジ部を相対的に回転させて、前記締結対象物に対して規定の締め付け力で締結した状態で、前記接触センサの接触端部が前記ピンの前記他端部に接触した状態とし、
前記締結対象物に取り付けられた前記ボルト本体の緩みにより、前記雄ネジ部の軸力が低下して前記雄ネジ部に縮み生じた場合の許容縮み量に対応した所定間隔だけ、前記接触端部を前記ピンの前記他端部から離間させて前記接触センサを前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に固定し、
使用状態において、前記ボルト本体の締結状態に緩みが生じ、前記ボルト本体の縮みが前記許容縮み量に達すると、前記ピンの前記他端部で、前記接触センサの前記接触端部が離間状態から接触状態になり、前記接触センサから緩み検知信号を出力することを特徴とする緩みセンサ付きボルトの使用方法。 A bolt body having a male threaded portion and a head is provided with a deep hole drilled in the central axis direction, one end of which is fixed to the bottom of the deep hole, and the portion other than the fixed one end of the deep hole. A looseness sensor comprising: a pin that is not constrained by the inner peripheral surface; and a contact sensor that is fixed to the head of the bolt body and is detachably attached to the other end of the pin by an axial force applied to the male threaded portion. using bolts with
attaching the bolt body to the object to be fastened together with the female thread member of the object to be fastened;
The contact end of the contact sensor comes into contact with the other end of the pin while the male threaded portion of the bolt body is relatively rotated and fastened to the object to be fastened with a specified tightening force. and
When the bolt body attached to the object to be fastened is loosened, the axial force of the male threaded portion decreases and the male threaded portion shrinks, and the contact end portion is separated by a predetermined interval corresponding to an allowable amount of shrinkage. is separated from the other end of the pin to fix the contact sensor to the head of the bolt body,
In use, when the tightened state of the bolt body is loosened and the contraction of the bolt body reaches the allowable contraction amount, the contact end of the contact sensor is moved from the separated state to the other end of the pin. A method of using a bolt with a looseness sensor, wherein a looseness detection signal is output from the contact sensor when a contact state is established. 前記深穴は、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部から前記ボルト本体の前記雄ネジ部内に連通し、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部には前記接触センサが固定される雌ネジ部が形成され、前記接触センサの前記接触端部を前記ピンの前記他端部から離間させる際に、前記接触センサを前記ボルト本体の軸回りに所定角度回動させて、前記許容縮み量に対応した前記所定間隔を離間させる請求項４記載の緩みセンサ付きボルトの使用方法。 The deep hole communicates from the head portion of the bolt body to the male thread portion of the bolt body, and the head portion of the bolt body is formed with a female thread portion to which the contact sensor is fixed. When the contact end portion of the sensor is separated from the other end portion of the pin, the contact sensor is rotated by a predetermined angle around the axis of the bolt body to separate the predetermined distance corresponding to the allowable contraction amount. 5. The method of using the bolt with a looseness sensor according to claim 4. 雄ネジ部と頭部とを有したボルト本体の中心軸方向に穿設された深穴を備え、前記深穴内の底部に一端部が固定され、固定された前記一端部以外は前記深穴の内周面に拘束されないピンが前記深穴内に設けられ、前記ボルト本体の前記頭部に固定され、前記雄ネジ部に掛かる軸力により前記ピンの他端部に離接可能に設けられた接触センサを備えた緩みセンサ付きボルトが設けられ、
前記緩みセンサ付きボルトが、締結対象物の雌ネジ部材とともに前記締結対象物に取り付けられた状態で、前記接触センサから緩み検知信号を受けて、前記ボルト本体に緩みが生じていることを表示する表示装置を備え、
使用状態において、前記ボルト本体の前記締結状態に緩みが生じ、前記ボルト本体の縮みが所定の許容縮み量に達すると前記ピンの他端部で、前記接触センサの前記接触端部が離間状態から接触状態になり、前記接触センサから緩み検知信号を出力し、前記表示装置により前記ボルト本体の緩みが表示されることを特徴とする緩み検出システム。 A bolt body having a male threaded portion and a head is provided with a deep hole drilled in the central axis direction, one end of which is fixed to the bottom of the deep hole, and the portion other than the fixed one end of the deep hole. A pin that is not constrained by the inner peripheral surface is provided in the deep hole, is fixed to the head of the bolt body, and is detachably attached to the other end of the pin by an axial force applied to the male threaded portion. A looseness sensored bolt with a sensor is provided,
In a state in which the bolt with a looseness sensor is attached to the object to be fastened together with a female thread member of the object to be fastened, a looseness detection signal is received from the contact sensor to indicate that the bolt body is loose. Equipped with a display device,
In use, when the tightened state of the bolt body is loosened and the contraction of the bolt body reaches a predetermined allowable contraction amount, the contact end of the contact sensor is moved from the separated state at the other end of the pin. A looseness detection system, wherein a looseness detection signal is output from the contact sensor when a contact state is established, and looseness of the bolt body is displayed by the display device.
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